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Paleopsephurus Temporal range: Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acipenseriformes
Family:	Polyodontidae
Subfamily:	†Paleopsephurinae
Genus:	†Paleopsephurus MacAlpin, 1947
Species:	†P. wilsoni
Binomial name
†Paleopsephurus wilsoni MacAlpin, 1947

Paleopsephurus is an extinct genus of paddlefish (Polyodontidae). At present the genus contains the single species Paleopsephurus wilsoni. The genus is known from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) aged Hell Creek Formation of Montana.

History and classification

The genus was described from three partial specimens currently residing in the collections of the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Specimen number 22206 U.M. is a complete and well preserved skull with some denticles, pectoral girdle and pectoral fins. The second and third specimens were found in a block of matrix from the same location as 2226 U.M.. Specimen 22207 U.M. is a portion of the caudal region of a paddlefish, while 22208 U.M. is a partial shoulder with associated pectoral fin. While the specimens were found close to each other, it is impossible to determine if they represent a single individual, and as such were described as three separate fish specimens. The specimens were collected from a sandstone outcrop of the Hell Creek Formation 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Fort Peck, Montana by a University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology expedition in 1938. the fossils were in close association with the holotype specimen of the extinct sturgeon Protoscaphirhynchus squamosus.

The Paleopsephurus specimens were first studied by American paleontologist and ichthyologist Archie Justus MacAlpin. He published his detailed 1947 type description in the journal Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan.

Description

The skull is about 274 millimetres (10.8 in) long, suggesting a total body length of about 56 centimetres (22 in). The skull roof is poorly preserved. The stellate bones are loosely packed and more poorly developed compared to the ones in Crossopholis or Polyodon, but are similar to those of Psephurus.

Ecology

Like other non-Polyodon paddlefish, Paleopsephurus was likely piscivorous.

Phylogeny

Paleopsephurus exhibits a combination of characters which suggests that it is more derived than Protopsephurus, but is more basal than Crossopholis, Polyodon, or Psephurus. Relationships of the genera, after Grande et al. (2002).

References

1. ^ MacAlpin, A.J. (1947). "Paleopsephurus wilsoni a new polyodontid fish from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana, with a discussion of allied fish, living and fossil". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 6 (8): 167–234.
2. Grande, Lance; Bemis, William E. (1991-03-28). "Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Fossil and Recent Paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) with Comments on the Interrelationships of Acipenseriformes". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 11 (sup001): 1–121. Bibcode:1991JVPal..11S...1G. doi:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011424. ISSN 0272-4634.
3. Hilton, Eric J.; During, Melanie A. D.; Grande, Lance; Ahlberg, Per E. (2023-04-11). "New paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes, Polyodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous Tanis Site of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (3): 675–692. Bibcode:2023JPal...97..675H. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.19. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 258095684.
4. Grande, Lance; Jin, Fan; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Bemis, William E. (2002-07-08). "Protopsephurus liui, a well-preserved primitive paddlefish (Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (2): 209–237. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0209:plawpp]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86258128.

v t e Chondrostei
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Clade: Actinopteri Actinopterygii see Actinopterygii Chondrostei see below↓ Chondrostei
Chondrostei †Birgeria? †Errolichthys? †Gualolepis? †Neochallaia †Bobasatraniiformes? †Guildayichthyidae? †Saurichthyiformes? †Coccolepididae Barbalepis Coccolepis Condorlepis Iyalepis Morrolepis Plesiococcolepis Sunolepis Toarcocephalus Acipenseriformes †Cylindracanthus? †Eochondrosteus †Chondrosteidae Chondrosteus Gyrosteus Strongylosteus †Peipiaosteidae Liaosteus Peipiaosteus Spherosteus Stichopterus Yanosteus Acipenseroidei Polyodontidae †Crossopholis †Paleopsephurus †Parapsephurus Polyodon †Protopsephurus †Psephurus †Pugiopsephurus Acipenseridae Acipenser †Anchiacipenser †Engdahlichthys Huso †Priscosturion †Protoscaphirhynchus Pseudoscaphirhynchus Scaphirhynchus

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• Polyodontidae
• Monotypic fish genera
• Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera
• Cretaceous bony fish
• Turonian genus first appearances
• Maastrichtian genus extinctions
• Late Cretaceous fish of North America
• Hell Creek fauna
• Fossil taxa described in 1947
• Chondrostei stubs
• Prehistoric Chondrostei stubs
• Cretaceous fish stubs