Penamecillin - Misplaced Pages

Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Penamecillin
Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATC code	J01CE06 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (acetyloxy)methyl (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6--4-thia-1-azabicycloheptane-2-carboxylate
CAS Number	983-85-7
PubChem CID	13795
ChemSpider	8426255
UNII	H0P1YE5581
KEGG	D05406
ChEBI	CHEBI:131733
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10243547
ECHA InfoCard	100.012.338
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₆S
Molar mass	406.45 g·mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC(=O)OCOC(=O)1C(S2N1C(=O)2NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C19H22N2O6S/c1-11(22)26-10-27-18(25)15-19(2,3)28-17-14(16(24)21(15)17)20-13(23)9-12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-8,14-15,17H,9-10H2,1-3H3,(H,20,23)/t14-,15+,17-/m1/s1 Key:NLOOMWLTUVBWAW-HLLBOEOZSA-N
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Penamecillin, an acetoxymethyl ester of benzylpenicillin, is a prodrug processed to benzylpenicillin by esterases. It has no detectable teratogenic risk to the fetus.

References

Agersborg HP, Batchelor A, Cambridge GW, Rule AW (March 1966). "The pharmacology of penamecillin". British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 26 (3): 649–655. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01844.x. PMC 1510697. PMID 4959939.
Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Sørensen HT, Olsen J (1999). "The Safety of Penicillin V: Oral Penamecillin Use During Pregnancy The Importance and Limitation of Recall Bias". Congenital Anomalies. 39 (4): 267–279. doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1999.tb00566.x. ISSN 0914-3505.

Antibacterials active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)

β-lactams
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)

Penicillins (Penams)

Narrow
spectrum

β-lactamase sensitive (1st generation)	Benzylpenicillin (G) Benzathine benzylpenicillin Procaine benzylpenicillin Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V) Propicillin Pheneticillin Azidocillin Clometocillin Penamecillin
β-lactamase resistant (2nd generation)	Cloxacillin (Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin) Oxacillin Nafcillin Methicillin

Extended
spectrum

Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)	Amoxicillin Ampicillin (Pivampicillin Hetacillin Bacampicillin Lenampicillin Metampicillin Talampicillin) Epicillin
Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)	Ticarcillin Carbenicillin / Carindacillin Temocillin
Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)	Piperacillin Azlocillin Mezlocillin
Other	Mecillinam (Pivmecillinam) Sulbenicillin

Carbapenems / Penems

Cephems
Cephalosporins
Cephamycins
Carbacephems

1st generation	Cefazolin Cefalexin Cefadroxil Cefapirin Cefazedone Cefazaflur Cefradine Cefroxadine Ceftezole Cefaloglycin Cefacetrile Cefalonium Cefaloridine Cefalotin Cefatrizine
2nd generation	Cefaclor Cefprozil Cefuroxime Cefuroxime axetil Cefamandole Cefonicid Ceforanide Cefuzonam Cephamycin (Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefminox Cefbuperazone Cefmetazole) Carbacephem (Loracarbef)
3rd generation	Cefixime Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime Cefoperazone) Cefdinir Cefcapene Cefdaloxime Ceftizoxime Cefmenoxime Cefpiramide Cefpodoxime Ceftibuten Cefditoren Cefotiam Cefetamet Cefodizime Cefpimizole Cefsulodin Cefteram Ceftiolene Oxacephem (Flomoxef Latamoxef)
4th generation	Cefepime Cefozopran Cefpirome Cefquinome
5th generation	Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftolozane Ceftobiprole
Siderophore	Cefiderocol
Veterinary	Ceftiofur Cefquinome Cefovecin

Monobactams

β-lactamase inhibitors

Combinations

Polypeptides

Lipopeptides	Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization: Daptomycin Surfactin
Other	Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking: Ramoplanin

Intracellular

Inhibit PG subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

Other

WHO-EM
Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- Phase III
- Never to phase III

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