Misplaced Pages

The enzyme phosphoketolase(EC 4.1.2.9) catalyzes the chemical reactions

D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H₂O (EC 4.1.2.9)

D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H₂O (EC 4.1.2.22)

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ acetyl phosphate + D-ribose 5-phosphate + H₂O

Phosphoketolase is considered a promiscuous enzyme because it was demonstrated to use 3 different sugar phosphates as substrates. In a recent genetic study, more than 150 putative phosphoketolase genes exhibiting varying catalytic properties were found in 650 analyzed bacterial genomes.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. It participates in 3 metabolic pathways: pentose phosphate pathway, methane metabolism, and carbon fixation. It employs one cofactor, thiamin diphosphate. Phosphoketolase was previously used for biotechnological purposes as it enables the construction of synthetic pathways that allow complete carbon conservation without the generation of reducing power.

References

1. Glenn, Katie; Smith, Kerry S. (2015-01-20). "Allosteric Regulation of Lactobacillus plantarum Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Fructose 6-Phosphate Phosphoketolase (Xfp)". Journal of Bacteriology. 197 (7): 1157–1163. doi:10.1128/jb.02380-14. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 4352667. PMID 25605308.
2. Racker, E. (1962), [29d] Fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase from Acetobacter xylinum, Methods in Enzymology, vol. 5, Elsevier, pp. 276–280, doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05219-2, ISBN 9780121818050
3. Krüsemann, Jan L.; Lindner, Steffen N.; Dempfle, Marian; Widmer, Julian; Arrivault, Stephanie; Debacker, Marine; He, Hai; Kubis, Armin; Chayot, Romain (2018). "Artificial pathway emergence in central metabolism from three recursive phosphoketolase reactions". The FEBS Journal. 285 (23): 4367–4377. doi:10.1111/febs.14682. ISSN 1742-4658. PMID 30347514.
4. Sánchez, Borja; Zúñiga, Manuel; González-Candelas, Fernando; de los Reyes-Gavilán, Clara G.; Margolles, Abelardo (2010). "Bacterial and Eukaryotic Phosphoketolases: Phylogeny, Distribution and Evolution". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. 18 (1): 37–51. doi:10.1159/000274310. ISSN 1464-1801. PMID 20068356.
5. Sonderegger, M.; Schumperli, M.; Sauer, U. (2004-05-01). "Metabolic Engineering of a Phosphoketolase Pathway for Pentose Catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (5): 2892–2897. Bibcode:2004ApEnM..70.2892S. doi:10.1128/aem.70.5.2892-2897.2004. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 404438. PMID 15128548.
6. Anfelt, Josefine; Kaczmarzyk, Danuta; Shabestary, Kiyan; Renberg, Björn; Rockberg, Johan; Nielsen, Jens; Uhlén, Mathias; Hudson, Elton P. (2015-10-16). "Genetic and nutrient modulation of acetyl-CoA levels in Synechocystis for n-butanol production". Microbial Cell Factories. 14 (1): 167. doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0355-9. ISSN 1475-2859. PMC 4609045. PMID 26474754.
7. Meadows, Adam L.; Hawkins, Kristy M.; Tsegaye, Yoseph; Antipov, Eugene; Kim, Youngnyun; Raetz, Lauren; Dahl, Robert H.; Tai, Anna; Mahatdejkul-Meadows, Tina (September 2016). "Rewriting yeast central carbon metabolism for industrial isoprenoid production". Nature. 537 (7622): 694–697. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..694M. doi:10.1038/nature19769. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27654918.
8. Bogorad, Igor W.; Lin, Tzu-Shyang; Liao, James C. (2013-09-29). "Synthetic non-oxidative glycolysis enables complete carbon conservation". Nature. 502 (7473): 693–697. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..693B. doi:10.1038/nature12575. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 24077099.

• HEATH EC, HURWITZ J, HORECKER BL, GINSBURG A (1958). "Pentose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. I. The cleavage of xylulose 5-phosphate by phosphoketolase". J. Biol. Chem. 231 (2): 1009–29. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)70463-8. PMID 13539033.
• Schramm M, Klybas V, Racker E (1958). "Phospholytic cleavage of fructose-6-phosphate by fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase from Acetobacter xylinum". J. Biol. Chem. 233 (6): 1283–1288. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)49327-1. PMID 13610828.

• Biology

• v
• t
• e

• EC 4.1.2
• Thiamine enzymes
• Enzymes of unknown structure
• EC 4.1 stubs