Misplaced Pages

Pininfarina S.p.A.

Logo used since 1930
Pininfarina Design Center
Company type	Public (S.p.A.)
Traded as	BIT: PINF
Industry	Automotive Design
Founded	23 May 1930; 94 years ago (23 May 1930)
Founder	Battista Farina
Headquarters	Cambiano, Italy
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Silvio Pietro Angori (CEO) Gianfranco Albertini (CFO)
Services	Automotive design
Revenue	US$ 78.5 Million (2020)
Owner	Tech Mahindra and Mahindra & Mahindra (76.06%)
Number of employees	700+ (2021)
Parent	Tech Mahindra and Mahindra & Mahindra
Subsidiaries	Automobili Pininfarina
Website	www.pininfarina.it

Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 December 2015, the Indian multinational Mahindra Group acquired 76.06% of Pininfarina S.p.A. for about €168 million.

Pininfarina is employed by a wide variety of automobile manufacturers to design vehicles. These firms have included long-established customers such as Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Peugeot, Fiat, GM, Lancia, and Maserati, to emerging companies in the Asian market with Chinese manufactures like AviChina, Chery, Changfeng, Brilliance, JAC and VinFast in Vietnam and Korean manufacturers Daewoo and Hyundai.

Since the 1980s, Pininfarina has also designed high-speed trains, buses, trams, rolling stocks, automated light rail cars, people movers, yachts, airplanes, and private jets. Since the 1986 creation of "Pininfarina Extra", it has consulted on industrial design, interior design, architecture, and graphic design. Pininfarina was run by Battista's son Sergio Pininfarina until 2001, then his grandson Andrea Pininfarina until he died in 2008. After Andrea's death, his younger brother Paolo Pininfarina was appointed CEO.

At its height in 2006, the Pininfarina Group employed 2,768 people, with subsidiary company offices throughout Europe, Morocco, and the United States. As of 2012, with the end of the automotive production series, employment has shrunk to 821. Pininfarina is registered and publicly traded on the Milan Stock Exchange, Borsa Italiana.

History

Specialist coachbuilder

When automobile designer and builder Battista "Pinin" Farina broke away from his brother's coachbuilding firm, Stabilimenti Farina, in 1928, he founded "Carrozzeria Pinin Farina" with financial help from his wife's family and Vincenzo Lancia. That first year, the firm employed eighteen and built 50 automobile bodies.

On 22 May 1930 papers were filed to become a corporation, Società anonima Carrozzeria Pinin Farina headquartered in Turin, Italy, at 107 Corso Trapani. During the 1930s, the company built bodies for Lancia, Alfa Romeo, Isotta Fraschini, Hispano-Suiza, Fiat, Cadillac, and Rolls-Royce. With its close relationship with Lancia, the pioneer of the monocoque in automobile design, Farina became the first coachbuilder to build bodies for the new technique also known as unibody construction. This development happened in the mid-1930s when others saw the frameless construction as the end of the independent coachbuilder.

In 1939, World War II ended automobile production, but the company had 400 employees building 150 bodies monthly. The war effort against the Allies brought work making ambulances and searchlight carriages. The Pinin Farina factory was destroyed by Allied bombers, ending the firm's operations.

After World War II

After the war, Italy was banned in 1946 Paris Motor Show. The Paris show was attended by 809,000 visitors (twice the pre-war figure), and queues stretched from the main gate to the Seine. Pinin Farina and his son Sergio, determined to defy the ban, drove two of their cars (an Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S and a Lancia Aprilia cabriolet) from Turin to Paris and found a place at the entrance to the exhibition to display the two new creations. The managers of the Grand Palais said of the display, "the devil Pinin Farina", but to the press and the public, it was the successful "Turin coachbuilder's anti-salon".

At the end of 1945, the Cisitalia 202 Coupé was designed. An elegantly proportioned design with a low hood, it is the car that usually is given credit for establishing Pinin Farina's reputation. The Pinin Farina design was honored in the Museum of Modern Art's landmark presentation "Eight Automobiles" in 1951. A total of 170 Coupés were produced by Pinin Farina.

The publicity of the Museum of Modern Art exhibit brought Pinin Farina to the attention of Nash-Kelvinator managers. The subsequent cooperation with Nash Motors resulted in high-volume production of Pinin Farina designs and provided a significant entry into the United States market. In 1952, Farina visited the U.S. for the unveiling of his design for the Nash Ambassador and Statesman lines, which, although they did carry some details of Pinin Farina's design, were primarily designed by Nash's then-new in-house styling staff when the original Farina-designed model proved unsuited to American tastes, exhibiting a popular 1950s appearance called "ponton". The Nash-Healey sports car body was, however, completely designed and assembled with Nash drivetrains in limited numbers from 1952 until 1954 at Pinin Farina's Turin facilities. Nash heavily advertised its link to the famous Italian designer, much as Studebaker promoted its longtime association with Raymond Loewy. As a result of Nash's million advertising campaign, Pinin Farina became well known in the U.S.

Pinin Farina also built the bodies for the limited-series Cadillac Eldorado Brougham for General Motors in 1959 and 1960. They were assembled in Italy and shipped back to the U.S. There were 99 Broughams built in 1959 and 101 in 1960. A similar arrangement was repeated in the late 1980s when Pininfarina designed (and partially assembled) the Cadillac Allanté at the San Giusto Canavese factory. The car bodies were assembled and painted in Italy before being flown from the Turin International Airport to Detroit for final vehicle assembly.

Ferrari partnership

It started in 1951 with a meeting at a restaurant in Tortona, a small town halfway between Turin and Modena. This neutral territory was chosen because neither Farina nor Enzo Ferrari wanted to meet at the other's headquarters. Battista's son, Sergio Pininfarina recalled, "It is not difficult to imagine how I felt that afternoon when my father, without taking his eyes off the road for one moment, told me his decision as we drove back to Turin: "From now on you'll be looking after Ferrari, from A to Z. Design, engineering, technology, construction—the lot!"—I was over the moon with happiness."

Since that meeting, a 61-year relationship endured where the only road-going production Ferrari not designed by Pininfarina was the 1973 Dino 308 GT4. Their relationship was so close that Pininfarina became a partner of Ferrari in "Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC", the organization that ran Ferrari's race team from 1961 until 1989, Pinin was a vice president of Ferrari, and Sergio later sat on Ferrari's board of directors.

However, this special relationship came to an end with the 2012-17 Ferrari F12berlinetta, the last model entirely penned by Pininfarina, while Centro Stile Ferrari has designed each car since 2013's LaFerrari.

Large-scale manufacturing

From 1954 until 1955, Pinin Farina purchased land in Grugliasco, outside Turin, for a new factory. "The factory in no way would look like the one of Corso Trapani. It would be a car no longer on my measurements but those of my children, built looking like them; I had this in mind and wanted it," said Farina.

Around the same time, Alfa Romeo accepted Pininfarina's design over Bertone for the new Giulietta Spider. The Alfa was the first vehicle that Pinin Farina produced in large numbers. Alfa Romeo chose Pinin Farina to make the Spider mainly because they felt confident they could produce 20 cars daily for a run of 1,000 bodies. The Spider was a massive success for Alfa Romeo and Pinin Farina. Max Hoffman, the importer for the United States, said he could sell as many as they could make. In 1958, the first year of production, they produced 1,025 units, which then expanded to over 4,000 units in 1959, the first full year of the new Grugliasco factory.

Second generation of leadership

Starting with planning the new plant in Grugliasco in 1956, Farina began to groom his replacements–Sergio, his son, and Renzo Carli, his son-in-law. To his heirs apparent, Farina said of the Corso Trapani facility, "This old plant has reached the limits of its growth. It has no room for expansion and is far from being up to date. If I were alone, I'd leave it as it is. But I want you to decide which way to go–to stay as we are or to enlarge. Either way is fine with me. It's your decision, and I don't want to know what it is. I'm finished, and it's your time to take over. The future is absolutely up to you." In 1958, upon leaving for a world tour, Farina added, "In my family, we inherit our legacies from live people–not from the dead."

Change of corporate name to Pininfarina

In 1961, at 68, "Pinin" Farina formally turned his firm over to his son, Sergio, and his son-in-law, Renzo Carli. The same year, the President of Italy formally authorized the change of Farina's last name to Pininfarina, and the business took on the same name.

Pininfarina was run by Battista's grandson Andrea Pininfarina from 2001 until he died in 2008. Andrea's younger brother Paolo Pininfarina was appointed successor. Paolo died in April 2024.

Modernizing for a new world

Starting in the mid-1960s, Pininfarina started investing in the science of automotive design, a strategy to differentiate itself from the other Italian coachbuilders.

In 1966, Pininfarina opened the Studies and Research Centre (Studi e Ricerche) in Grugliasco. The research centre occupied 8,000 sq. metres (2 acres) and employed 180 technicians to produce 25 prototypes yearly.

The Calculation and Design Centre was set up in 1967, the first step in the process of technological evolution that, during the 1970s, would take Pininfarina into the lead in automated bodywork design.

Then in 1972 construction of a full-sized wind tunnel was completed. The project was started in 1966. When it opened, it was the first wind tunnel with the ability to test full-sized cars in Italy and one of the first in the world with this ability. For example, GM's full-sized wind tunnel did not open until 1980.

New infrastructure and expansion

The 1980s started a period of expansion for Pininfarina.

In 1982, the company opened "Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche" in Cambiano. It was separate from the factory and wind tunnel in Grugliasco to keep design and research activities independent from manufacturing. On 14 October 2002, Pininfarina inaugurated a new engineering center. The new facility, built at the Cambiano campus, gave greater visibility and independence to the engineering operations.

In 1983, Pininfarina reached an agreement with General Motors to design and build the Cadillac Allanté. The Allanté project led to the building of the San Giorgio factory in 1985.

In 1996, Mitsubishi entered into talks for Pininfarina to build their new compact SUV, the Pajero, in Italy. While Mitsubishi recognized Pininfarina's expertise in design and engineering, the reason for choosing them was that manufacturing costs were half of those in Germany. After entering into an agreement in 1996, Pininfarina purchased an industrial site at Bairo Canavese near Turin, Italy. in April 1997, Bairo Canavese was dedicated to the production of the new Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin.

Pininfarina Sverige AB in Uddevalla, Sweden, was established in 2003 as a joint venture (JV) between Volvo Cars and Pininfarina to produce a new Volvo convertible that will be sold in Europe and the United States. The JV is owned 60% by Pininfarina and 40% by Volvo. The C70 model designed by Volvo's John Kinsey—was launched on 13 April 2006, sharing the Volvo P1 platform used in the S40.

Architecture

Pininfarina has helped to plan multi-family residences with Cyrela Real Estate. Related Group, and commercial projects with Bosque Real, Roadside Development, and Higold Group. They were also involved in the building of the Istanbul Airport and Juventus Arena. In 2016 Pininfarina, in collaboration with Reflex, created the Segno furniture Collection; an integrated modular system. They have also collaborated with Italian wood distributor Corà Parquet, to develop wooden flooring surfaces as well as Higold on a line of outdoor furniture.

New economic realities

In April 2008, after three years of serious losses totaling 115 million euros at the end of 2007, Pininfarina made the first of several moves to raise capital and restructure its enormous debt:

On 29 April 2008 Pininfarina announced Piero Ferrari, Alberto Bombassei (chairman of Brembo), and the Marsiaj family (founders of the Sabelt seatbelt company), would join with Vincent Bolloré, a French financier, and Ratan Tata, head of India's Tata Group conglomerate, who already announced their plans to invest, would together invest €100 million. Funding would come through the sale of stock to other investors. The Pininfarina family was willing to reduce its share from 55% to 30%, which would still be enough to secure a controlling interest. On 31 December 2008, Pininfarina announced a debt restructuring that would require the family to sell its stake in the company. The agreement was made after Pininfarina's value dropped 67% during 2008, with a market capitalization of about €36 million. It had total debt of €598 million at the end of November. Of that amount, €555 million was the subject of the debt restructuring agreement that was agreed on with a consortium of banks. Pincar, Pininfarina's family holding company, announced on 24 March 2009 that it had hired investment bank Leonardo & Co. to find a buyer for its 50.6% stake in Pininfarina per the debt restructuring agreement reached in December. In a statement released on 15 February 2012, the company said its debt repayment date had been extended to 2018, from 2015. And that the company would take advantage of interest rates "significantly lower than market rates". Pininfarina will remain under the control of the Pininfarina family. Pininfarina also saw its net revenue increase by a million.

In 2013 Pininfarina managed a net profit with an operating loss of 8.2 million euros but a net profit of 32.9 million euros from a one-time gain of approximately 45 million euros.

Acquisition by Mahindra group (2015–present)

Mahindra Group, owner of Indian automobile company Mahindra & Mahindra agreed to buy Italian car designer Pininfarina SpA in a deal worth about 168 million euros.

Mahindra group, together with affiliate Tech Mahindra, has a 76% stake in the holding company Pincar for 25.3 million euros. The Indian company will offer the same price for the remaining stock. In addition to buying stock, Mahindra will invest 20 million euros in Pininfarina and provide a guarantee to creditors of 114.5 million euros.

Corporate governance (2016)

• President: Paolo Pininfarina
• CEO – General Manager: Silvio Pietro Angori
• Board of Directors: Gianfranco Albertini, Edoardo Garrone, Romina Guglielmetti, Licia Mattioli, Enrico Paraffini, Carlo Pavesio, Roberto Testore.
• Statutory Auditors: Nicola Treves (president), Margherita Spaini, Giovanni Rayneri.

End of car production operations

On 10 December 2011, Pininfarina announced it would end all automotive production. In truth, production ended in November 2010 with the conclusion of the contract to produce the Alfa Romeo Brera and Spider at the San Giorgio plant.

Grugliasco factory

Opened in 1958 with nearly 1,000 employees, by 1960 output exceeded 11,000 car bodies. In 2009 Pininfarina sold the factory to Finpiemonte, the public finance of the Piedmont Region, at the price of 14.4 million euro. Finpiemonte, as part of the deal, leases the plant to Gian Mario Rossignolo at a rent per year for six years renewable.

The Grugliasco sale did not include an adjacent structure that houses the wind tunnel.

San Giorgio plant

Opened in 1986 to build Cadillac Allante bodies for General Motors, the same year Pininfarina was first listed on the Stock Exchange in Milan. Automotive production ended at San Giorgio with the conclusion of the Ford production in July 2010 and the Alfa Romeo production in November 2010.

Following the end of contract manufacturing activities, San Giorgio Canavese is being used to produce spare parts for cars manufactured in the past.

Bairo Canavese

Pininfarina opened its third manufacturing plant in 1997. Currently, Pininfarina leases the plant and 57 employees to the Cecomp Group. This agreement to produce 4,000 electric Bolloré Bluecars runs from 1 April 2011 to 31 December 2013. On 13 September 2013 a new lease agreement was announced, this new agreement will run from 1 January 2014 until the end of 2016.

Uddevalla, Sweden Pininfarina Sverige AB

A joint venture between Pininfarina S.p.A. and Volvo Car Corporation began in 2003. Volvo and Pininfarina S.p.A. have agreed to terminate the joint venture agreement regarding Pininfarina Sverige AB and its operations in Uddevalla, Sweden. As of 31 December 2011, the termination of this agreement would result in a 30 million euros fee paid to Pininfarina.

On 25 June 2013, the last Volvo C70 was produced and the Uddevalla assembly plant was closed.

Notable designers

Although Pininfarina rarely gave credit to individuals, many of the designers of the past have become known. That policy seems to have changed in recent years. As of 2021, Pininfarina had more than 700 employees.

• Battista Pininfarina
• Franco Scaglione 1951, designer for two months before he left for what is now known as Gruppo Bertone
• Franco Martinengo 1952–72, Director of the Centro Stile
• Adriano Rabbone 1950s, Ferrari Inter, Lancia B24, Nash-Healey Pininfarina
• Francesco Salomone 1940s-1960s Chief Designer and Head of Studio. Lancia B24, Ferrari 275 GTB
• Aldo Brovarone 1954–74, Designer; 1974–88, Managing Director Studi e Ricerche
• Tom Tjaarda 1961–65, Designer
• Filippo Sapino 1967–69; Abarth 2000, Ferrari 512S concept, Ferrari 365 GTC/4.
• Paolo Martin 1968–72, Chief of the Styling Department; Ferrari Modulo
• Diego Ottina 1970—; Ferrari Pinin, Ferrari Testarossa, Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupé and Spider.
• Lorenzo Ramaciotti 1973–2005 deputy director of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche, Director General and Chief Designer, CEO of Pininfarina SpA Research and Development
• Guido Campoli 1970s–1980s; Ferrari Testarossa
• Ian Cameron 1975–1981; Ferrari Testarossa (1985)
• Pierangelo Andreani 1972–76; Ferrari Mondial
• Enrico Fumia 1976–91; 1982: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Models and Prototypes Development; 1988: Manager at Pininfarina R&D – Design and Development; 1989: Deputy General Manager at Pininfarina R&D
• Emanuele Nicosia 1977–85; Ferrari Testarossa
• Elvio d'Aprile 1982–1995; Ferrari 550 Maranello
• Pietro Camardella 1984–93; Ferrari F40, 512 TR, F50, Mythos, 456 GT
• Marco Tencone 1988–1992
• Leonardo Fioravanti 1988–91, managing director and CEO of Pininfarina Studi e Ricerche.
• Maurizio Corbi 1989—present Senior Designer. Ferrari F50, F355, 550 Maranello
• Davide Arcangeli 1990s; Peugeot 406 Coupé, Honda Argento Vivo.
• Goran Popović 1993–2011; Ferrari 360 Modena
• Jeremy Malick 2000–2002, Designer; 2009–2016, Senior Designer
• Dimitri Vicedomini 2001–2012, Senior Car Designer
• Jason Castriota 2001–2008; Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina, Ferrari 599, Maserati GranTurismo.
• Ken Okuyama 2004–2006, Creative Director
• Luca Borgogno 2005—2015, Lead Designer, Ferrari Sergio, Sp03, New Stratos, Pininfarina Battista.
• Nazzareno Epifani 2006—present, Head of Exterior Design. Pininfarina Sintesi, Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta, Ferrari 458 Spider, Pininfarina Cambiano, Ferrari SP12 EC, Hybrid Kinetik H600, Automobili Pininfarina Battista, Karma GT by Pininfarina
• Lowie Vermeersch 2007–10, design director.
• Brano Mauks 2007–2014, Senior Designer. Ferrari Sergio.
• Carlo Palazzani 2005–2014, Lead Designer; Ferrari 458
• Felix Kilbertus 2011–2014, Lead Designer
• Fabio Filippini 2011–2016, Vice President Design and Chief Creative Officer
• Rustom Mazda 2011–present, 2021–present Head of Exterior Design.
• Carlo Bonzanigo 2017—present, Senior Vice President Design, 1995–2004 Design Project Manager. Maserati GranTurismo, Citroën Osée Concept, Ford Start Concept

Vehicles

Pininfarina designs, manufactures, assembles, and tests prototypes and production vehicles under contract for other automakers.

Past production

As of 10 December 2011, Pininfarina announced it would end all mass automotive production with the sale of its 40% stake in the Uddevalla, Sweden plant to Volvo in 2013. In the past, Pininfarina produced cars and car bodies under contract from other automakers. This production includes Pininfarina-designed cars and vehicles designed by others.

Notable car designs

Pre-World War II

Before the war Pininfarina built car bodies primarily for individual customers, many of the bodies were "one offs" and not mass-produced.

• 1931 Lancia Dilambda – the first official Pinin Farina special, presented at the Concours d’Elegance at Villa d’Este
• 1931 Hispano-Suiza Coupé
• 1931 Cadillac V16 Roadster – for the Maharajah of Orchha
• 1932 Fiat 518 Ardita
• 1933 Alfa Romeo 8C 2300
• 1934 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300 B Cabriolet
• 1936 Lancia Astura Cabriolet tipo Bocca – a series of six cars made for the Bocca brothers, Lancia dealers in Biella, Italy.
• 1935 Alfa Romeo 6C Pescara Coupé aerodinamico
• 1936 Lancia Aprilia
• 1936 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900
• 1937 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300-B Pescara Berlinetta
• 1937 Lancia Aprilia Aerodinamica
• 1938 Lancia Astura
• 1943 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport Pinin Farina Cabriolet

Concept cars, prototypes, and individual commissions

In addition to production vehicles, Pininfarina creates prototype, show, and custom cars for auto manufacturers, as well as private clients. Most prototypes—such as the Ferrari Mythos, were concept cars, although several have become production models, including the Ferrari 612 Scaglietti and Ferrari F50.

A recent privately commissioned custom example was the Ferrari P4/5 of 2006, a one-car change to the exterior design of the Enzo Ferrari according to the client's specifications. Its design began in September 2005 with sketches by Jason Castriota moving through computer-aided sculpture and stringent wind tunnel testing. More than 200 components were designed especially for the car, including the engine, drivetrain, and other components modified from the original Enzo Ferrari. The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is unchanged from the Enzo it was derived from. The P4/5 was publicly revealed on 18 August 2006 at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance and shown again at the Paris Motor Show in late September. Another recent prototype is the Pininfarina Nido, a two-seater sub-compact that could make airbags obsolete.

The Pininfarina B0 solar-electric concept, designed with Bolloré was shown at the 2008 Paris Motor Show featuring a range between charges of more than 150 miles (241 km) with an electronically limited 88-mile-per-hour (142 km/h) top speed, and an estimated acceleration to 37 miles per hour (60 km/h) in 6.3 seconds. The car has solar panels on the roof and the nose, while its battery pack is said to last up to 125,000 miles (201,168 km).

On 15 May 2013, Pininfarina announced the BMW Pininfarina Gran Lusso Coupé to be revealed on 24 May at the Concorso d’Eleganza Villa d’Este. Pininfarina announced this one-off concept car as the first collaboration between BMW and Pininfarina, but in 1949 BMW commissioned Pininfarina design and build a pbuiltype of the BMW 501—it was rejected for being too modern.

• 1947 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S Paris Motor Show Prototype
• 1947 Lancia Aprilia Paris Motor Show Prototype
• 1947 Delahaye 135MS Coupé
• 1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Coupe Speciale
• 1949 BMW 501
• 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 1
• 1952 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 1
• 1953 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 spider –version 2 and 3
• 1953 Four Berlinetta and one Spyder version of the Maserati A6GCS/53
• 1954 Cadillac Series 62 PF -built for Norman Granz
• 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE Max Hoffman coupé
• 1954 Lancia Aurelia B52 PF 200 coupé –version 2
• 1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale
• 1955 Lancia Aurelia B55 PF 200 coupé –version 3
• 1955 Lancia Florida I coupe
• 1955 Lancia Florida I Berlina
• 1955 Nash Special
• 1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow Coupe
• 1956 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow II Coupe
• 1956 Rambler Palm Beach
• 1956 Ferrari 410 Superfast
• 1956 Ferrari 4.9 Superfast
• 1957 Abarth 750 Bialbero Record
• 1957 Abarth 500 Coupe
• 1957 Lancia Florida II
• 1959 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spyder Super Sport
• 1959 Ferrari 400 Superamerica Coupé Speciale
• 1960 Ferrari 400 Superamerica Superfast II–IV
• 1960 Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow IV Coupe
• 1960 Pininfarina X
• 1961 Cadillac "Jacqueline" Brougham Coupé (named after Jacqueline Kennedy)
• 1961 Ferrari 250 GT Pininfarina Coupe Speciale
• 1962 Fiat 2300 Coupe Speciale
• 1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe Speciale
• 1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé (2 built)
• 1963 Chevrolet Corvette Rondine Coupé
• 1963 Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale
• 1963 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale Lausanne
• 1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale
• 1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma
• 1963 Mercedes-Benz 230SL concept car ("Pininfarina Coupé")
• 1964 Abarth 1000 Spyder
• 1965 Abarth 1000 Coupe Speciale
• 1965 Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600 Sport
• 1965 Dino Berlinetta Speciale
• 1965 Ferrari 250 LM Pininfarina Stradale Speciale
• 1965 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale
• 1966 Ferrari 365 P Berlinetta Speciale Tre-posti (2 built)
• 1966 Dino Berlinetta GT
• 1967 BMC 1800 Aerodinamica
• 1967 Dino Berlinetta Competizione
• 1967 Fiat Dino Parigi
• 1968 Fiat Dino Ginevra
• 1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale
• 1968 BLMC 1100 Aerodinamica
• 1968 Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster
• 1968 Ferrari P6 Berlinetta Speciale
• 1968 MG EX.234 Roadster
• 1968 Ferrari 250 P5 Berlinetta Speciale
• 1969 Abarth 2000
• 1969 Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale
• 1969 Ferrari Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F1
• 1969 Ferrari 512S Berlinetta Speciale
• 1969 Fiat 128 Teenager
• 1970 Ferrari Modulo
• 1970 Mercedes-Benz 300 SEL 6.3 Pininfarina coupé
• 1971 Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo
• 1971 Peugeot Break Riviera
• 1971 NSU Ro 80
• 1972 Alfa Romeo Alfetta Spider
• 1973 Autobianchi A112 Giovani
• 1973 Chevrolet Corvette XP-897GT – Designed by GM, built by Pininfarina
• 1974 Ferrari CR 25
• 1974 Fiat 130 Maremma
• 1975 Alfa Romeo Eagle
• 1975 Fiat 130 Opera sedan
• 1975 Peugeot Peugette
• 1978 Fiat Ecos
• 1978 Jaguar XJ Spider
• 1978 Lancia Gamma Spider
• 1978 Pininfarina CNR-PF
• 1980 Ferrari Pinin
• 1980 Lancia Gamma Scala sedan
• 1981 Audi Quartz
• 1982 Lancia Gamma Olgiata
• 1983 Pininfarina Brio – based on Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125 TC
• 1984 Honda HP-X concept car
• 1985 Peugeot Griffe 4
• 1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider
• 1988 Lancia HIT
• 1988 Ferrari F90
• 1989 Ferrari Mythos
• 1990 Pininfarina CNR E2
• 1991 Opel Chronos
• 1992 Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina
• 1992 Fiat Cinquecento 4x4 pick-up
• 1992 Pininfarina Ethos
• 1993 Pininfarina Ethos 2
• 1994 Fiat Spunto
• 1994 Pininfarina Ethos 3
• 1995 Honda Argento Vivo
• 1995 Honda SSM
• 1996 Fiat Sing e Song – a pair of concept cars based on the Fiat Bravo and Brava
• 1996 Pininfarina etabeta
• 1996 Ferrari FX
• 1997 Peugeot Nautilus
• 1998 Alfa Romeo Dardo Spider
• 1999 Fiat Wish Cabriolet / Coupé
• 1999 Pininfarina Metrocubo
• 2000 Ferrari Rossa
• 2001 Ford Start
• 2001 Citroën Osée
• 2002 Hafei HF Fantasy
• 2003 Pininfarina Lotus Enjoy
• 2004 Pininfarina Double-Face
• 2004 Pininfarina Nido
• 2004 Saturn Curve – Built by Pininfarina, designed by GM in Sweden
• 2005 Chery M14
• 2005 Maserati Birdcage 75th
• 2006 Ferrari 612 Kappa one-off for Peter S. Kalikow
• 2006 Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina one-off for James Glickenhaus
• 2008 Pininfarina B0 electric car
• 2008 Pininfarina Sintesi
• 2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé Hyperion
• 2009 Tata Pr1ma
• 2009 Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta – one-off for Edward Walson, based on the Ferrari 599
• 2010 Alfa Romeo 2uettottanta concept car
• 2010 New Stratos for Michael Stoschek
• 2010 Pininfarina Nido EV
• 2012 Pininfarina Cambiano
• 2012 Ferrari SP12 EC one-off for Eric Clapton (with Ferrari Styling Centre)
• 2013 Pininfarina Sergio
• 2013 BMW Gran Lusso Coupé
• 2014 Ferrari SP FFX
• 2014 Ferrari SP America
• 2015 Ferrari Sergio
• 2016 H2 Speed concept car
• 2016 Ferrari SP275 RW Competizione one-off (with Ferrari Styling Centre)
• 2017 Fittipaldi EF7 Vision Gran Turismo by Pininfarina.
• 2018 Pininfarina HK GT
• 2019 Karma GT
• 2021 Mahindra Pininfarina Teorema
• 2022 NAMX HUV
• 2022 Pininfarina Viritech Apricale

Production cars designed by Pininfarina

A list of post-WWII cars designed by Pininfarina that went into production.

• 1948 Cisitalia 202
• 1949 Simca 8 Sport Coupé and Cabriolet
• 1951 Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn continental coupe
• 1952 Ferrari 212 Inter
• 1952 Nash Ambassador
• 1952 Nash-Healey
• 1953 Ferrari 250 Europa
• 1954 Ferrari 250 Europa GT
• 1956 Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider
• 1955 Ferrari 410 Superamerica
• 1955 Peugeot 403
• 1956 Austin A40 Farina
• 1956 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta
• 1956 Ferrari 250 GT Coupé – Bodied by Boano/Ellena
• 1957 Lancia Flaminia
• 1957 Ferrari 250 GT Cabriolet
• 1957 Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder
• 1958 BMC Farina cars – Austin A55 Cambridge Mk II, MG Magnette Mk III, Morris Oxford V, Riley 4/68, Wolseley 15/60
• 1958 Ferrari 250 GT Coupé
• 1959 Fiat 1800/2100
• 1959 Fiat Pininfarina Cabriolet
• 1959 Ferrari 400 Superamerica
• 1960 Ferrari 250 GT 2+2
• 1960 Peugeot 404
• 1961 Fiat 2300
• 1961 Lancia Flavia Coupé
• 1962 BMC ADO16
• 1962 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta Lusso
• 1963 Datsun Bluebird 410
• 1963 Ferrari 330 America
• 1964 BMC ADO17 (Austin/Morris/Wolesley)
• 1964 Ferrari 500 Superfast
• 1964 Ferrari 275 GTB and GTS
• 1965 MG MGB GT
• 1965 Nissan Cedric 130
• 1965 Peugeot 204
• 1966 Ferrari 330 GT 2+2
• 1966 Alfa Romeo Spider
• 1966 Ferrari 330 GTC and GTS
• 1966 Fiat 124 Sport Spider
• 1966 Fiat Dino Spider
• 1966 IKA-Renault Torino
• 1966 Ferrari 365 California
• 1967 Ferrari 365 GT 2+2
• 1968 Dino 206 GT
• 1968 Ferrari 365 GTC and GTS
• 1968 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 and GTS/4
• 1968 Peugeot 504 sedan, coupé and cabriolet
• 1969 Peugeot 304 Cabriolet and Coupé
• 1969 Dino 246 GT and GTS
• 1971 Fiat 130 Coupé
• 1971 Ferrari 365 GTC/4
• 1972 Ferrari 365 GT4 2+2
• 1973 Ferrari 365 GT4 BB
• 1974 Lancia Beta Spider
• 1975 Lancia Beta HPE
• 1975 Ferrari 308 GTB and GTS
• 1975 Peugeot 604
• 1975 Lancia Beta Montecarlo
• 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue
• 1976 Ferrari 400
• 1976 Lancia Gamma (saloon and coupé)
• 1978 Jaguar XJ – series 3 redesign
• 1979 Peugeot 505
• 1980 Ferrari Mondial
• 1981 Lancia Rally 037
• 1984 Honda City Cabriolet
• 1984 Ferrari Testarossa
• 1984 Ferrari 288 GTO
• 1985 Ferrari 328
• 1985 Peugeot 205 Cabriolet and Saloon (4 doors) based on Peugeot's Director of Exterior Design, Gerard Welter's, initial design of the 205 (1983)
• 1985 Ferrari 412
• 1987 Alfa Romeo 164
• 1987 Cadillac Allanté
• 1987 Ferrari F40
• 1987 Peugeot 405
• 1989 Ferrari 348
• 1989 Peugeot 605
• 1991 Honda Beat
• 1992 Ferrari 456
• 1993 Fiat Coupé – Interior only
• 1993 Peugeot 306 hatchback and cabriolet
• 1993/4 Alfa Romeo GTV & Spider
• 1994 Ferrari F355
• 1995 MG F – Roof structure only
• 1995 Ferrari F50
• 1996 Ferrari 550 Maranello
• 1996 Lancia Kappa SW
• 1997 Peugeot 406 Coupé
• 1998 Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin
• 1999 Ferrari 360
• 1999 Songhuajiang Hafei Zhongyi
• 2000 Daewoo Tacuma
• 2000 Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina
• 2001 Hyundai Matrix
• 2002 Daewoo Lacetti saloon and station wagon
• 2002 Enzo Ferrari
• 2002 Ferrari 575M Maranello
• 2002 Hafei Lobo
• 2003 Maserati Quattroporte
• 2003 Ford StreetKa
• 2004 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti
• 2004 Ferrari F430 (with Ferrari-Maserati Concept Design and Development)
• 2004 Peugeot 1007
• 2005 Hafei Saibao/ 2012 Coda (electric car)
• 2005 Ferrari Superamerica
• 2006 Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano
• 2006 Mitsubishi Colt CZC
• 2006 Volvo C70 – Roof Structure engineering only
• 2006 Alfa Romeo Spider
• 2006 Brilliance BS4
• 2007 Brilliance BC3
• 2007 Chery A3 and Chery A3 Sport
• 2007 Ford Focus Coupé-Cabriolet
• 2007 Maserati GranTurismo
• 2008 Ferrari California
• 2008 JAC Heyue Tongyue (J3/A108)
• 2009 Ferrari 458 Italia (with Ferrari-Maserati Concept Design and Development)
• 2009 Leopaard CS7
• 2010 Maserati GranCabrio
• 2011 Bolloré Bluecar
• 2011 Ferrari FF (with Ferrari Styling Centre)
• 2012 Ferrari F12 berlinetta (with Ferrari Styling Centre)
• 2014 Soueast DX7
• 2014 Ferrari California T (with Ferrari Styling Centre)
• 2016 Soueast DX3
• 2017 Mitsubishi Lancer
• 2018 VinFast LUX SA2.0
• 2018 VinFast LUX A2.0
• 2019 Soueast DX5
• 2020 Chery eQ5
• 2020 Haima 7X
• 2020 Cowin Showjet
• 2021 VinFast VF 8
• 2021 VinFast VF 9
• 2022 Togg T10X

Electric propulsion

Pininfarina has an area dedicated to the new electric car Pininfarina Bolloré. Batteries are produced by the French Bolloré Group.

Pininfarina has introduced its electric vehicle concept, the Pininfarina B0 (pronounced "B Zero"). The four-seat hatchback features a solid-state lithium-polymer battery, supercapacitors, and a roof-integrated solar panel to achieve a range of 153 miles (246 km). Developed in partnership with the Bolloré Group, the vehicle was slated for limited production in 2009 as the Bolloré Bluecar.

Pininfarina displayed a turbine-powered plug-in hybrid called the Cambiano at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show Pininfarina revealed the H2 Speed, an electric sports car concept. The H2 Speed is a hydrogen vehicle with two race-specification electric motors which are fed by a hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen power unit was designed by Swiss company GreenGT.

Automobili Pininfarina Battista

On 27 November 2018, it was announced that Automobili Pininfarina had invested over €20m in Pininfarina design services to support plans for its range of luxury electric cars. This includes design and engineering services for the first Pininfarina-branded performance car which is a luxury electric sports car called the Battista (named after company founder Battista 'Pinin' Farina and originally codenamed PF0). With four electric motors, the car is supposed to be able to reach 100 km/h (62 mph) from a standstill in under two seconds with a top speed of 350 km/h (217 mph). Automobili Pininfarina plans to reveal the car at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show. Further details on the Battista surfaced on 4 March 2019. It has 1900 horsepower, and only 150 will be built. It is also related to the Rimac C Two.

Additional work

In 2018, Pininfarina also worked with Mahindra to produce the Furio mass transport truck. In 2020, Pininfarina received four Good Design awards for its automotive creations, including the AutoNomia, an autonomous driving simulator, and the Green Motion Residenza electric car refueling station. In 2021, the company debuted its Teorema style of electric vehicle for autonomous driving, that uses the space where a wheel is generally stationed in most cars for additional seating room. They also partnered with Gaussin to create the H2 Racing Truck. In 2022, Pininfarina expanding its retail partner network in North America to include shops in Chicago and Orange County.

Other vehicles

Nautical design

• Primatist Aerotop Pininfarina range: G46, G53, B62, G70.
• Magnum Marine 80' Series
• Pershing 88' Pininfarina Limited Edition, a one-off body designed by Pininfarina. Yacht was used in a Visa Black Card commercial.
• Fincantieri Ottantacinque by Pininfarina Project.
• Schaefer 620 and 800 by Pininfarina, interiors.
• Schaefer 510 GT Pininfarina.
• Persico Marine WallyCento Project.
• Azimut 65 Pininfarina.
• Azimut Atlantic Challenger.
• Persico F70
• Oceanco Kairos By Pininfarina
• Princess X95, X85, V55, R35
• Aurea
• Super Sport 65
• Persico Fly40

Mass transport

• 1987–2000 ETR 500 Italian high-speed trainset
• 1991 SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460 (electric locomotive for the Swiss Federal Railways)
• 1996 ALe 426/506 TAF "High Occupancy Train" for Italian commuter lines.
• 1997 IC 2000 (double-decker train for the Swiss Federal Railways, matching the electric locomotive Re 460)
• 1999–2007 AnsaldoBreda Type 8 Green Line Trolley Car for the MBTA.
• 2000 Hispano Carrocera Habit buses.
• 2000 SBB-CFF-FFS RABDe 500 (tilting train for the Swiss Federal Railways)
• 2001 AnsaldoBreda Class 72 electric multiple unit trains for the Norwegian Railways.
• 2001 Cobra tram for Zürich.
• 2004 AnsaldoBreda Sirio tram, Athens version
• 2005 AnsaldoBreda IC4 inter-city diesel multiple unit trains for the Danish railways.
• 2008 AnsaldoBreda Fyra V250 high-speed train for NS Hispeed
• 2009 AnsaldoBreda-Firema Metrostar, suburban train for Circumvesuviana in Naples
• 2009 Eurostar appoints Pininfarina to undertake design work for train refurbishment.

Collaborations

Pininfarina has worked within the nautical sector, collaborating with Beneteau, Primatist, Fincantieri, Schaefer, Persico Marine, Wally, and Princess. Pininfarina designed the external livery and interiors of the Eurostar’s e320 train in 2015. Pininfarina was also involved with the design of the new Leitner Station.

Pininfarina designed the Costa Coffee CEM-200 Marlow Self-Serve Espresso Bar. and the Coca-Cola Freestyle. They also partnered with Bovet 1822 on the Flying Tourbillon wristwatch, creating the Bovet by Pininfarina Collection, in addition to Chivas Regal to produce a limited edition 18-year-old scotch whisky. In 2018, Pininfarina partnered with De Rosa to produce the Metamorphosis bicycle. In 2015, Pininfarina partnered with Hexagon Partners to produce the Global Evo CMM. In 2017, the company partnered with Cisco to design the Catalyst 9000 switch. Pininfarina was asked to design a new spray gun for Anest Iwata, creating the Supernova Pininfarina. In 2021, Pininfarina created the “straddle tractor concept” for use in grapevine picking operations.

Other works

Pininfarina also works with other companies such as SimpleTech for product design.

Other Pininfarina product designs include the 2006 Winter Olympics torch, cauldron and medals, as well as major appliance collections for Gorenje.

In December 1999, Pininfarina cooperated with Casio and designed a watch under its label, the G-Shock GE-2000. However, the watch received criticism due to its weak strap, which was vulnerable to breaking during regular use.

Pininfarina was a design contractor for the development of the Coca-Cola Freestyle drinks dispenser.

Pininfarina was asked to design a new spray gun for Anest Iwata, creating the Supernova Pininfarina.

Pininfarina designed the 1100 Millecento Residences interiors in Miami, Florida in 2012 and the beachwalk waterfront residences interiors in Hallandale Beach, Florida in 2013.

See also

• Magna Steyr
• Heuliez
• Valmet Automotive
• Ken Okuyama
• Andrea Pininfarina
• Fabio Filippini
• Gruppo Bertone

References

1. "Pininfarina S.p.A. Annual Financial Report" (PDF). 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
2. ^ Philip, Siddharth Vikram; Ebhardt, Tommaso (14 December 2015). "Mahindra Agrees to Purchase of Car-Designer Pininfarina". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
3. ^ "Pininfarina Group: Appointments of New Officers and New Assignments in the Sign of Corporate Continuity" (PDF) (Press release). Pininfarina Group. 12 August 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
4. ^ Borgeson, Griff (December 1963). "Pininfarina man, myth, & monopoly". Road & Track. pp. 37–38.
5. "Pininfarina SpA". companyspotlight.com. 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
6. "Pininafarina Anniversary". concorsodeleganzavilladeste.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
7. "Pinin Farina 1930". classiccarcatalogue.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
8. ^ Borgeson, Griff (March 1964). "Pininfarina, The New Generation". Road & Track. p. 83.
9. Vitello, Paul (3 July 2012). "Sergio Pininfarina, 85, Designer of Sports Cars". The New York Times.
10. "History of the Paris Motor Show – 2006". Motorshow.cars.uk.msn.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
11. Caballo, Ernesto (1993). Pininfarina: Born with the automobile. Milan: Automobilia. p. 16. ISBN 9788879600521.
12. Thompson, Jonathan (March 1976). "The Early Pininfarina Line". Road & Track. p. 37.
13. Stigh, Daniela (6 April 2012). "Five for Friday (Plus One): MoMA's Car Collection". MoMA. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
14. Adolphus, David Traver (1 May 2008). "Days of Ferrari 2008, Day 3: 1952 Ferrari 212 Inter Coupe PF". Hemmings. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
15. ^ "Divorce, Italian style? No, but a design change at Ferrari". Automotive News Europe. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
16. Thompson, Jonathan (December 1976). "The Early Pininfarina Line". Road & Track. p. 54.
17. Gino Rancati, Pininfarina n. 12 1972–73, p.162
18. Ready, Owen (5 March 2013). "Pininfarina Sergio concept". cardesignnews.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
19. Perkins, Chris (16 February 2017). "Ferrari No Longer Sells a Car Designed by Pininfarina". Road & Track. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
20. Wilson, Evan (1983), Alfa Romeo Giulietta: 750 and 101 series Giuliettas and Giulias, 1954–1965, Osprey Publishing, p. 43, ISBN 978-0850454963
21. "Battista Pininfarina Is Dead – Pioneer Automobile Designer" (PDF). The New York Times. 3 April 1966. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
22. https://www.linkedin.com/company/pininfarina/
23. "Pininfarina History – The Story of Battista Farina". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
24. ^ "Pininfarina – Coach Builder Information". conceptcarz.com. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
25. "30 years at the GM wind tunnel". VideoatGM.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
26. Klassen, Robert; Menor, Larry J. (2006). Cases in Operations Management: Building Customer Value Through World-Class Operations. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4129-1371-3. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
27. Klassen, Robert; Menor, Larry J. (2006). Cases in Operations Management: Building Customer Value Through World-Class Operations. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4129-1371-3. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
28. Pininfarina Annual Report. Pininfarina. 2004. p. 10.
29. "Cyrela by Pininfarina". dexigner.com. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
30. Madigan, Nick (17 April 2015). "Ferrari Interiors for a Miami Condo". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
31. "Torre Designo by Pininfarina". architectmagazine.com. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
32. "Pininfarina Designs Its First Architectural Project in China". Yahoo Finance. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
33. "Pininfarina and AECOM design Istanbul airport air-traffic control tower". Dezeen. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
34. "Pininfarina home design collaborates with reflex for modular segno collection". designboom.com. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
35. Stecher, Nicolas (14 August 2021). "Pininfarina (Yes, the Car Designer) Has a New Flooring Collection Made for Indoor-Outdoor Living". Robb Report. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
36. "Pininfarina Designs Its First Architectural Project in China". Yahoo Finance. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
37. Ciferri, Luca (28 August 2008). "Tata wants part of Pininfarina". Automotive News Europe. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
38. Ireson, Nelson (29 April 2008). "Update: Ferrari, Brembo and Sabelt invest in Pininfarina". Motorauthority.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
39. Boland, Vincent (1 January 2009). "Pininfarina family to sell stake in car group" (fee required). Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
40. Patrascu, Daniel (24 March 2009). "Pininfarina to Get New Owner, Focus on Electric Cars". Autoevolution.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
41. Cambieri, Giulia (16 February 2012). "Family business roundup: Pininfarina remains family-controlled while De Tomaso is sold". Campden FB. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
42. Bowman, Zach (16 May 2012). "Pininfarina turns first net profit since 2004". Autoblog. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
43. Ramsey, Jonathon (26 March 2013). "Pininfarina in the black for first time since 2004". Autoblog. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
44. "Pininfarina – Stop alla produzione e mobilità per 127 addetti". Quattroruote.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
45. "Pininfarina History". Retro-speed.co.uk. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
46. "Titolo Pagina". Torino.repubblica.it. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
47. ^ 2010 annual report p13
48. Kurt, Ernst. "Lost Cars of the 1980s – Cadillac Allante". Hemmings. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
49. ^ 2011 annual report p69
50. "Bollore': intesa con Pininfarina per produzione Bluecar fino a 2016, verso filiale italiana". corriere.it. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
51. Bolduc, Douglas A. "Three bad days for European car plants – and more to come". Automotive News. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
52. Lewin, Tony Autor; Borroff, Ryan (2010). How to: Design Cars Like a Pro: AA Comprehensive Guide to Car Design from the Top Professionals. p. 158.
53. ^ "A Life of Style". The Auto Channel. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
54. Strohl, Daniel. "Franco Scaglione: Unsung Master of Aerodynamic Design". Hemmings. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
55. ^ "Designing Motion. Automotive Designers 1890 to 1990". 5 January 2017.
56. Caspers, Markus (1 January 2017). Designing Motion: Automotive Designers 1890 to 1990. Birkhäuser. p. 154. ISBN 978-3035607840.
57. Chierici, Sergio (7 September 2006). "Un grande Maestro di design: Aldo Brovarone" [A Great Design Master: Aldo Brovarone]. Virtualcar.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 April 2016.
58. Stevens, Peter. "s this one of the very best Pininfarina concept cars?". Retrieved 30 August 2017.
59. "1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider (Pininfarina) – Studios". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
60. "Pininfarina Ferrari Pinin concept 1980". coachbuild.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
61. Nerozzi, Barbara, ed. (January–February 1992). "The Suppliers". GB Progetti: 48.
62. "1986 Ferrari Testa Rossa by Gaston Andrey Motorsports". Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
63. "Giles Taylor is new Rolls-Royce Design Director". carbodydesign.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
64. "Ian Cameron". sparkawards.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
65. "Pierangelo Andreani". andreanidesign.com. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
66. D'Aprile. "Elvio Elvio D'Aprile". Linkedin. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
67. "Autonews Europe". Retrieved 30 August 2017.
68. "Interview met designchef Marco Tencone over de nieuwe Lancia Ypsilon". EdizioneMedia (in Dutch). 30 June 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
69. "Maurizio Corbi". AutomotiveArtists.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
70. "Maurizio Corbi" (PDF). corbistudios.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
71. "Auto industry: Davide Arcangeli (designer of BMW 5 Series (E60))". 12 October 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
72. "BMW Car Designers throughout history". BMWism.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
73. Gonzales, Zy (16 October 2012). "Design Icon: Pininfarina". Retrieved 30 August 2017.
74. "Goran Popović". automotivedesignconference.com. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
75. "Jeremy Malick". linkedin.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
76. "Dimitri Vicedomini". linkedin.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
77. "Luca Borgogno". linkedin. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
78. "Nazzareno Epifani". Linkedin. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
79. "Nazzareno Epifani". 6 March 2019.
80. "Nazzareno Epifani". 10 September 2019.
81. "Pininfarina designer Brano Mauks presents the Sergio Concept". carbodydesign.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
82. "Brano Mauks". Linkedin. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
83. "Carlo Palazzani". Linkedin. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
84. "Felix Kilbertus". Retrieved 30 August 2017 – via Linkedin.
85. "Felix Kilbertus". Linkedin. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
86. ^ Gallina, Eric (4 January 2017). "Pininfarina prepares to reboot with former PSA designer". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
87. "Rustom Mazda". linkedin.com. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
88. "Carlo Bonzanigo". linkedin.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
89. "Maserati Sports Cars". auto.howstuffworks.com. 20 May 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
90. "Blue survivor: 1949 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Cabriolet Pininfarina". Classic Virus. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
91. Melissen, Wouter. "Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS Pinin Farina Cabriolet". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
92. "1951 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 S Berlina by Pinin Farina". rmsothebys.com. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
93. Breeze, Joe. "Bella Berlina – Is this Alfa Romeo 6C the most beautiful saloon ever made?". classicdriver.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
94. "1948 Maserati A6 1500 Spider Pininfarina". automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
95. Goldberg, Geoff. "Collectors Corner – Lancia B20 GT – The classic Gran Turismo Coupe". anamera.com. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
96. "Design daughter: 1952 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Sport by Pininfarina". classicvirus.com. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
97. Garcia, Gonzalo Alvarez (1983). Alfa Romeo 1900 Sprint. Milano, Italy: Edizioni della Libreria dell'Automoble. p. 86. ASIN B003B5M3SI. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
98. Garcia, Gonzalo Alvarez (1983). Alfa Romeo 1900 Sprint. Milano, Italy: Edizioni della Libreria dell'Automoble. p. 88. ASIN B003B5M3SI. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
99. ^ "1952 Ferrari 212 Inter Images, Information and History (Road)". Conceptcarz.com. 11 October 1952. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
100. ^ Cezar, Luis. "Lancia D20 & D24". autoclassic.com. Portal AutoClassic. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
101. McCourt, Mark J. (September 2008). "1952–'53 Nash-Healey: America's First Post-War Sportster was a Truly International Affair". Hemmings Motor News. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
102. Cupler, Justin (11 May 2012). "1953 Ferrari 375 MM Spider By Pininfarina". topspeed.com. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
103. Melissen, Wouter. "Lancia D23 Sport Pinin Farina Spyder". ultimatecarpage. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
104. Melissen, Wouter. "Lancia D24 Sport Pinin Farina Spyder". ultimatecarpage. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
105. Melissen, Wouter. "Ferrari 250 Europa GT Coupe". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
106. "1957 Fiat 1100 Turismo Veloce Images, Information and History (1100 TV)". Conceptcarz.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
107. Melissen, Wouter. "D25 Sport Pinin Farina Spyder". ultimatecarpage. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
108. "Maserati A6 GCS/53 Pinin Farina Berlinetta". Ultimatecarpage. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
109. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano: emmeti grafica. pp. 857–858.
110. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano, Italy: emmeti grafica. pp. 858–859.
111. Ritzinger, Andre. "Lancia Coupes & Convertibles 1950 – 1980". Ritzsite.nl. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
112. Boe, Alan (April 1982). "The 250 GTE The First Family Ferrari" (PDF). Car Collector and Car Classics. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
113. "Lancia Flavia Coupe (1962–1970)". honestjohn.co.uk. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
114. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano: emmeti grafica. pp. 862–863.
115. Daniel, Vaughan. "1963 Ferrari 330 America". conceptcarz. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
116. "1964 330 GT 2+2". auto.ferrari.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
117. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano: emmeti grafica. p. 864.
118. Owen, Richard Michael (17 April 2016). "1966→1968 Ferrari 330 GTC". supercars.net. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
119. "GT 330 2+2: Luxury open sports cars". FIAT Group. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
120. Westen, Anthony. "Fiat 124 Spider Blog". Anthony Westen. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
121. "1969 Fiat Dino – Classic Car Price Guide". The Hagerty Group. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
122. Melissen, Wouter. "Ferrari 330 GTC Coupe Speciale". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
123. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano: emmeti grafica. pp. 864–866.
124. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Milano: emmeti grafica. pp. 868–870.
125. ^ Baron, Philippe (28 August 2015). "Peugeot 504 Coupé & Cabriolet (1969–1983)". stubs-auto.fr (in French). Retrieved 14 July 2022.
126. "Ferrari 365 GTC/4 Detailed Information". 365gtc4.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
127. ^ "PRODUZIONE COMPLESSIVA" (PDF). pininfarina.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2007.
128. "Development of theTalbot Samba cars". Rootes-chrysler.co.uk. 6 February 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
129. Nerozzi, Barbara, ed. (January–February 1992). "The Suppliers". GB Progetti: 104–122.
130. "Missing". Archived from the original on 13 August 2016.
131. Pininfarina Annual Report 1999–2005
132. "Streetka Production figures". TalkFord.com. 19 July 2006. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
133. Pininfarina 2006–2010 Annual Reports
134. ^ "Pininfarina". Solarnavigator.net. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
135. "AUTOMOTIVE HISTORY: Pininfarina". Automotive-history.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
136. "6c 2300 B Lungo #814047 Lukas Hüni AG". Alfa Bulletin Board. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
137. "1936 Lancia Astura Images, Information and History". Conceptcarz.com. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
138. Lombard, Stefan (2006-07-28). "Most Expensive Collectible Cars – No. 10: 1937 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900". Connoisseur's Guide – Most Expensive Collectible Cars. Forbes.com. Retrieved 2012-02-18
139. Thatcher, Sharon (21 July 2010). "An Alfa Romeo mystery". old cars weekly. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
140. Lienert, Paul. "2008 Paris Auto Show: Pininfarina B0". Edmunds Inside Line. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
141. "The Pininfarina BO Electric Car". India.com. 6 October 2008. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
142. Fiordelisi, Francesco. "At Villa d'Este world debut for the BMW Pininfarina Gran Lusso Coupé" (PDF). Pininfarina. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
143. "Postmodernism 1949 -1960: new ideas within the mindset of the past, comfort and beauty". bmwism.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
144. Maronese, Nicholas. "How Pininfarina gave France the middle finger with this Alfa Romeo". autofocus.ca. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
145. Golfen, Bob (8 October 2015). "Historic Lancia prototype by 'Pinin' Farina to Dragone auction". journal.classiccars.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
146. "1947 Delahaye 135MS Coupe Coachwork by Pinin Farina". bonhams.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
147. "Pics & vids: Schloß Dyck Classic Days 2009". coachbuild.com. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
148. ^ Melissen, Wouter. "Lancia Aurelia B52 PF200 Cabriolet". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
149. ^ it:Lancia Aurelia autotelai
150. "In deep". pininfarina.com. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
151. Tahaney, Ed (21 August 2017). "Restored 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE Debuts at 2017 Pebble Beach Concours". Automobile Magazine. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
152. ^ "Aldo Brovarone". Studiotorino. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018.
153. "1955 Nash Special (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
154. ^ "Pininfarina Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Super Flow". Coachbuild.Com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
155. Foster, Pat (September 2005). "Pinin Farina's Rambler Palm Beach". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
156. "The Fiat-Abarth Bertone record car". Ugofadini.com. 21 December 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
157. Conceptcarz page on Cadillac "Jacqueline", retrieved on 17 December 2010.
158. Melissen, Wouter. "Ferrari 250 GT Pininfarina Coupe Speciale". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
159. "1962 Fiat 2300 Coupe Speciale (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
160. "1963 Chevrolet Corvair Super Spyder Coupé". Conceptcarz. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
161. "1963 Chevrolet Corvette Rondine Coupé". Conceptcarz. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
162. "Fiat 2300 Cabriolet Speciale (Italy)". allcarindex.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
163. "1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
164. "1963 Pininfarina PF Sigma". allcarindex.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
165. "Ferrari 206 P Dino Pininfarina Berlinetta Speciale". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
166. Melissen, Wouter. "Ferrari 250 LM Pininfarina Stradale Speciale". Ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
167. "Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale 1965 designed by Pininfarina". autowp.ru. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
168. "1965 Ferrari 365P Berlinetta Speciale Luigi "Coco" Chinetti's three-seater prototype". European Car Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
169. "Concepts and prototypes : Pininfarina BMC 1800 Aerodynamica concept (1967)". aronline.co.uk. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
170. Rees, Chris. "Pininfarina's Greatest Car Designs". Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
171. "Meadow Brook Concours 2009: 1967 Ferrari Dino 206 Competizione by Pininfarina". Retrieved 31 May 2013.
172. "Fiat Dino Parigi (Italy)". allcarindex.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
173. "1968 Bentley T1 Coupe Speciale". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
174. "BLMC 1100 Aerodinamica". carrozzieri-italiani.com. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
175. Fusi, Luigi. Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Emmetigrafica, 1978, p. 687.
176. "1968 Ferrari P6 (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
177. "1968 Pininfarina MG EX.234". webcarstory.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
178. "1968 Ferrari 250 P5". ferraridatabase.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
179. "1969 Abarth 2000 Pininfarina Coupe Concept specifications". automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
180. ^ Fusi, Luigi. Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Emmetigrafica, 1978, p. 688.
181. "1969 Pininfarina Sigma Grand Prix monoposto F1". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
182. "1969 Ferrari 512 S Berlinetta Speciale". Retrieved 30 May 2013.
183. "1969 Fiat 128 Teenager (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
184. "Concept Cars". webcarstory.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
185. Petrány, Máté (18 March 2015). "Pininfarina And Mercedes-Benz Never Talk About This 6.3 Bastard Child". Jalopnik. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
186. "The 504 Model Range". garage24.net. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
187. "Pininfarina NSU Ro 80 designed by Paolo Martin". madle.org. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
188. Dinarich, Mario. Style Auto Quarterly. Style Auto Editrice s.n.c., April–May–June 1973, p. 26.
189. "Missing". Concept Cars – Passato, Presente e Futuro del Car Design. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
190. "Chevrolet Corvette XP-897 GT". lotusespritturbo.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
191. "1974 Ferraris CR 25". Ferraridatabase.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
192. "1974 Fiat 130 Maremma (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
193. "Fiat 130 Opera". quattro-porte.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
194. "1978 Fiat Ecos (Pininfarina)". ecopolis.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
195. "Classic Concepts: 1978 Jaguar XJ Spider by Pininfarina". 3 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
196. "Gamma Spider". carsfromitaly.net. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
197. Thompson, Rufus. "Concept Car of the Week: Pininfarina CNR-PF (1978)". cardesignnews. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
198. "1980 Lancia Gamma Scala". Christie's. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
199. "1981 Audi Quartz (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
200. "Gamma Olgiata". carsfromitaly.net. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
201. "Pininfarina Brio (Italy)". allcarindex.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
202. "1984 Honda HP-X concept". conceptcarz. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
203. "1985 Peugeot Griffe 4 (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
204. "1986 Alfa Romeo Vivace Coupe and Spider (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
205. "1988 Lancia HIT (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
206. "Pininfarina CNR E2 (Italy)". allcarindex.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
207. "1991 Opel Chronos". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
208. "1992 Pininfarina Fiat Cinquecento 4x4 pick-up". webcarstory.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
209. "1992 Pininfarina Ethos". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
210. "1993 Pininfarina Ethos 2". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
211. "1994 Fiat Spunto (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
212. "1994 Pininfarina Ethos 3". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
213. Simanaitis, Dennis (18 September 2012). "Honda Argento Vito by Pininfarina". simanaitissays.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
214. "1995 Honda SSM (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
215. "1996 Fiat Sing e Song (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
216. "1996 Pininfarina Eta Beta". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
217. "1997 Peugeot Nautilus (Pininfarina)". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
218. "Collaborations – Fiat". Pininfarina. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
219. Perini, Giancarlo. "Much more than just a cubic metro". cardesign.to. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
220. Simona (25 February 2007). "2000 Ferrari Rossa By Pininfarina". TopSpeed. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
221. KIINO, RON. "Pininfarina Start 2001 Frankfurt Auto Show". Car and Driver. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
222. Giancarlo, Perini. "Pininfarina develops two new Chinese cars". Car Design News. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
223. "2003 Lotus Enjoy Concept". conceptcarz. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
224. ^ Ellison, Edd (12 October 2004). "Over the last fortnight ." italiaspeed.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
225. "Saturn Curve". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
226. Keegan, Walter J. Jr. "Chery M14 wins "Best New Car in Show"". autoblog. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
227. "Ferrari 612 Scaglietti "K" by Pininfarina". Pininfarina. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
228. "Concept car Sintesi". Pininfarina. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
229. McCausland, Evan (11 December 2009). "Ferrari Builds One-Off P540 Superfast Aperta". Automobile Magazine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
230. "AUSmotive.com – Pininfarina to woo Alfa Romeo with Spider Concept", retrieved on 6 February 2010.
231. Ramsey, Jonathon (25 August 2010). "Michael Stoschek's Wild Child: the New Lancia Stratos". stylelist AOL. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
232. "2010 Pininfarina Nido EV". carstyling.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
233. Deacon, Clinton. "Eric Clapton's Ferrari SP12 EPC caught on video". worldcarfans.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
234. Ciferri, Luca (1 March 2016). "Hydrogen Pininfarina concept wants to make your race track green". autoweek. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
235. Duffey, Michael. "1951 Simca 8 Super Sport". Sports Car Market Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
236. "1952–1954 Nash Ambassador and Statesman". auto.howstuffworks.com. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
237. "1952 Nash-Healey". auto.howstuffworks.com. 27 October 2007. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
238. Fusi, Luigi (1978). Alfa Romeo All Cars From 1910. Emmetigrafica. p. 527.
239. "Lancia Beta HPE". fcaheritage.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
240. Lamm, John (23 October 2013). "And the Beat Goes On: Honda Bringing S660 Concept to Tokyo [2013 Tokyo Auto Show]". Car & Driver. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
241. "Two car models for China signed by Pininfarina the A3 and the A3 Sport". Pininfarina. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
242. Weiner, Eric (12 February 2014). "Ferrari California T Set for 2014 Geneva Auto Show Debut". Automobile Magazine. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
243. ^ Gibbs, Nick (19 July 2018). "2018 Paris Auto Show: Vietnam's Vinfast will unveil Italian-designed crossover and sedan". Automotive News. Crain Communications, Inc. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
244. ^ Warrick, Jack (2 March 2022). "Vinfast and Pininfarina detail new VF 8 and VF 9 electric SUVs". Autocar. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
245. Taylor, Edward (6 May 2008). "Start-Ups Race to Produce 'Green' Cars". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
246. "New Electric Minicar from Pinifarina [sic]". Minutia microcars and minicars. 11 October 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
247. "Leaked: turbine-powered Pininfarina Cambiano plug-in hybrid". Retrieved 17 August 2014.
248. "Pininfarina returns with hydrogen H2 Speed at Geneva Show". Retrieved 17 March 2016.
249. "Pininfarina H2 Speed – hydrogen sports car revealed at Geneva". Retrieved 17 March 2016.
250. "Pininfarina showcases silky-smooth, hydrogen-powered H2 Speed concept". 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
251. "Automobili Pininfarina to Invest Over €20M in 'PURA' Design Cooperation for Luxury and Performance Electric Vehicle Range" (Press release).
252. "Pininfarina 'Battista' supercar will pack 1,900-hp all-electric powertrain".
253. ^ Kunde, Dirk (28 November 2018). "Pininfarina PF0: Der schnellste italienische Sportwagen". golem.de (in German). Retrieved 29 November 2018.
254. Duff, Mike (4 March 2019). "The Pininfarina Battista Is a 1900-HP Electric Hypercar from a Legendary Italian Coachbuilder". Car and Driver. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
255. Tudose, Sergiu (24 July 2018). "Mahindra Unveils New Pininfarina-Designed Furio Trucks". carscoops.com. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
256. "Pininfarina wins four Good Design 2020 Awards". Autocar Professional. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
257. Padeanu, Adrian (14 July 2021). "Pininfarina Teorema Debuts As Radical Concept With Unique Seating Layout". motor1.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
258. "Gaussin Announces World Tour for its Hydrogen-Powered H2 Racing Truck, Following Success at 2022 Dakar Rally". Collision Repair Magazine. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
259. "Exotic and Luxury Car News". duPont Registry. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
260. Doll, Scooter (19 January 2022). "Automobili Pininfarina expands North American retail presence ahead of Battista hyper GT deliveries this year". electrek.co. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
261. "Primatist Aerotop Pininfarina range". Primatist. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016.
262. "Primatist B62". Pininfarina.
263. "Magnum 80' Series". Magnum Marine.
264. "Pershing 88 Pininfarina". Acronautic.
265. "Ottantacinque by Pininfarina". Pininfarina.
266. "Rio Boat Show presents the Schaefer 800 by Pininfarina". Schaefer Yachts. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016.
267. "Schaefer Yachts - Schaefer 510 GT Pininfarina". schaeferyachts.us. Schaefer Yachts. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
268. "Pininfarina joins Persico Marine on fourth WallyCento hull". Boat International.
269. "Azimut Atlantic Challenger - The Italian Yachts". theitalianyachts.it. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
270. "Pininfarina unveils persico F70, a sleek foiling 'hyperboat' engineered to fly on water". 29 October 2021.
271. "Monaco Yacht Show 2021: Oceanco Kairos by Pininfarina is an E-Hybrid Vessel That Encourages Mindfulness". Forbes.
272. "Princess Yachts to Present Princess X80 and all-new V50 at boot Düsseldorf 2022".
273. "Rossinavi teams up with Pininfarina for Aurea concept".
274. "Pininfarina and Rossinavi's SuperSport 65 Megayacht is a Large Pile of Cash Away". 11 December 2020.
275. "1980". Pininfarina. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
276. Fernandez, Enrique; Preston, Robert (1 October 1998). "IC2000 arrives next year". News. Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023.
277. "Swiss Tilting Trains Modernisation Programme". Railway Technology. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
278. "Athens Trams Project in Greece". Railway Technology. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
279. Campione, David (24 November 2008). "Metrostar, i nuovi treni della Circumvesuviana" (in Italian). FOL. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
280. "Eurostar refurbishment design contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
281. "Bénéteau Group - history, models, brands and production".
282. "London celebrates Italian design with Pininfarina showcase".
283. "85m luxury yacht by fincantieri + pininfarina includes alterable twin pools". 24 September 2015.
284. "The 510 Sport from Pininfarina and Schaefer Yachts is the Ultimate Day Boat". 21 February 2021.
285. "Pininfarina's New 70-Foot Foiling Hyperboat Concept 'Flies' Above the Water". 28 October 2021.
286. "This Wally Sailing Yacht Sports a Pininfarina Interior". 10 August 2017.
287. "Meet the Pininfarina-Designed Princess X95 'Superfly' Yacht with a Modular Interior". Forbes.
288. "Eurostar looks to the future with new e320 trains". CNN. 14 November 2014.
289. "You Can Now See the Swiss Alps from a $60 Million Crystal-Encrusted Gondola". 23 January 2019.
290. "Coffee Vending Machine Debuts at New York NRF Conference". 15 January 2013.
291. "Coca-Cola's New Slick Fountain Drink Dispenser Was Designed by Ferrari Developers". Business Insider.
292. "Bovet and Pininfarina Add a New Platinum Edition of Their Latest Watch Collaboration". 23 November 2018.
293. "Chivas 18 by Pininfarina Chapter 3 launched".
294. "De Rosa and Pininfarina double up on double-duty commuter bike". 12 July 2018.
295. "Hexagon partners with Pininfarina on Global Evo CMM". 10 November 2015.
296. "Ferrari designers worked with Cisco to make its new hardware easier to use". CNBC. 20 June 2017.
297. "Pininfarina Designed a Striking New Tractor for Grape Picking". 3 December 2021.
298. "New drives from SimpleTech designed by Pininfarina". Slashgear. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
299. "Gorenje Pinifarina". Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
300. "Pininfarina designs new watch for Casio". Design Week. 29 October 1999. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
301. "Los defectos más "sonados" (y las mayores virtudes) de los relojes G-Shock" [The most awful defects (and the greatest virtues) from G-Shock watches] (in Spanish). Zona Casio. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
302. Collier, Joe Guy (11 May 2010). "Coke targets Freestyle expansion for 2010". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
303. Collier, Joe Guy (16 September 2009). "Coke tests new dispenser in Atlanta". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
304. "1100 Millecento Residences Brickell". 23 February 2012. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
305. "Pininfarina SpA: Beachwalk, second Pininfarina project in Florida with The Related Group". 3 May 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

External links

• Official website
• Pininfarina Sverige
• Foster, Patrick R. (Winter 2001). "Nashes With an Italian Accent" (PDF). Forward: The American Heritage of DaimlerChrysler. pp. 33–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
• BMC 1800 & 1100 – detail on these influential design proposals
• The Cisitalia 2002 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
• Cisitalia Museum
• The Keating Hotel in downtown San Diego.
• Pininfarina Wine
• Coachbuild.com encyclopedia: Pininfarina
• Paulo Pininfarina Exclusive Interview in West Coast Midnight Run art book Fashion Edition

v t e Pininfarina
People	Battista Farina Giuseppe Farina Sergio Pininfarina Andrea Pininfarina Paolo Pininfarina
Companies	Stabilimenti Farina Carrozzeria Pininfarina Automobili Pininfarina
Vehicles	Spidereuropa (Spider Azzura) Sintesi Nido Sergio Battista (PF0) Pura Vision Concept B95
Related topics	Mahindra Group Mahindra & Mahindra VinFast VinSmart

v t e Automotive industry in Italy
Automotive industry Transport in Italy Economy of Italy
Active	Passenger cars and LCVs Alkè Automobili Estrema ATS Automobili Pininfarina De Tomaso DR Ducati Motor Holding Ferrari Industria Italiana Autobus Martin Mazzanti Automobili Menarinibus Fornasari Lamborghini OTO Melara Pagani Piaggio Puritalia SILK Stellantis Abarth Giannini Automobili Alfa Romeo Fiat Professional Lancia Maserati Sevel Commercial vehicles Iveco Astra Iveco Bus SCV Quadricycles Casalini Giotti Victoria Italcar Racing cars Dallara GISA Lucchini Engineering M.A.T. Osella Picchio Racing Cars Tatuus Wolf Racing Cars Design, engineering, and coachbuilding Ares Design B Engineering Cecomp Carrozzeria Boneschi Carrozzeria Castagna Carrozzeria Ghia Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera Ermini Fioravanti Giannini Automobili Italdesign Giugiaro Morelli Pininfarina Stola Studiotorino Zagato
Defunct	Passenger cars and LCVs APIS ATS Bianchi Bizzarrini BredaMenarinibus Ceirano Chiribiri Cisitalia Cizeta Diatto Fiat S.p.A. Autobianchi Innocenti Isotta Fraschini Itala Qvale Iso O.S.C.A. S.C.A.T. Siata Zust Commercial vehicles Bremach De Simon OM S.P.A. Quadricycles Grecav Racing cars Stanguellini Bandini Design, engineering, and coachbuilding Carrozzeria Barbi Carrozzeria Garavini Carrozzeria Maggiora Gruppo Bertone I.DE.A Institute
Components	Accossato Alcantara Arrow Borrani Brembo Ceriani Colotti Trasmissioni Dell'Orto FPT Industrial VM Motori Fondmetal Graziano ICP Isotta Fraschini Landi Renzo Lombardini Marelli Europe Carello Lighting Weber carburetor Malossi Martin Marzocchi MOMO OMP Racing OZ Group Pirelli Polini Poltrona Frau Raicam Industrie Sabelt SCAM Sparco SPICA
Foreign subsidiaries	Ford
Related topics	Bologna Motor Show Turin Auto Show Autopromotec Euro NCAP Autostrade
Category Commons

v t e Coachbuilders of Italy
Ala d'Oro Allemano Bertone Boano Boneschi Castagna Cecomp Coggiola Colli De Simon Embo Fantuzzi Fioravanti Stabilimenti Farina Fissore Frua Garavini Ghia Ghia-Aigle Italdesign Giugiaro Francis Lombardi Maggiora Marazzi MAT Tom Meade Michelotti Morelli Neri and Bonacini Carrozzeria Motto OSI Pavesi Pininfarina Sala Scaglietti Stola Studiotorino Sports Cars Touring Varesina Vignale Viotti Zagato
Related topics	List of Italian coachbuilders

v t e Mahindra Group
Divisions and subsidiaries	Mobility Mahindra & Mahindra Mahindra Gujarat Mahindra Tractors Mahindra Truck and Bus Erkunt Tractor ArmaTrac Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery (33%) Pininfarina (76.06%) Punjab Tractors Ltd. Mahindra Two Wheelers Kinetic Motors BSA Company GenZe Peugeot Motocycles Other Mahindra Electric Carandbike.com Aerospace & defence Mahindra Aerospace GippsAero Defense Land Systems (JV) Information technology Tech Mahindra Mahindra Satyam Financial services Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited Component Manufacturing Mahindra Accelo Ltd. Other Mahindra Susten Mahindra Ugine Steel Mahindra Holidays & Resorts Mahindra Racing Meru Cabs
People	Anand Mahindra Jagdish Chandra Mahindra Kailash Chandra Mahindra Keshub Mahindra C. P. Gurnani Pawan Kumar Goenka Rajesh Jejurikar Bhaskar Ramamurthi Chetan Maini
Philanthropy	Project Nanhi Kali
Institutions	Mahindra United World College of India Mahindra University
Category

v t e VinFast
ICE cars	Fadil LUX A2.0 LUX SA2.0 LUX V8 President
Electric cars	VF e34 VF 3 VF 5 VF 6 VF 7 VF 8 VF 9 VF Wild
Electric buses	VinBus
Electric scooters	Klara Ludo Impes Klara S Feliz Theon Tempest Vento Evo
People	Phạm Nhật Vượng Le Thi Thu Thuy David Lyon Sơn Tùng M-TP Ngô Thanh Vân Trần Tiểu Vy Michael Lohscheller
Other	Lang Lang Proving Ground Vingroup Vsmart - VinSmart Pininfarina VinFuture Prize StoreDot ProLogium Ironman Triathlon 70.3
See also: BMW  • Nissan  • SsangYong  • Tesla  • Soviet Union  • General Motors

44°58′10″N 7°45′54″E / 44.9693628°N 7.7650577°E / 44.9693628; 7.7650577

• Pininfarina
• 1930 establishments in Italy
• 2015 mergers and acquisitions
• Battery electric vehicle manufacturers
• Coachbuilders of Italy
• Companies listed on the Borsa Italiana
• Contract vehicle manufacturers
• Convertible top suppliers
• Design companies established in 1930
• Design companies of Italy
• Electric vehicle manufacturers of Italy
• Engineering companies of Italy
• Italian brands
• Mahindra Group
• Manufacturing companies based in Turin
• Metropolitan City of Turin
• Turin motor companies
• Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1930
• Companies based in Turin