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County (Principality) of Salm-SalmGrafschaft (Fürstentum) Salm-Salm (German) Principauté de Salm-Salm (French)
1574–1793 1802–1811
Flag Coat of arms
Status	State of the Holy Roman Empire
Capital	Badonviller; Senones
Government	Principality
Historical era	Middle Ages, Modern Age
• Partitioned from Salm-Dhaun	1574
• Partitioned to create Salm-Neuweiler	1608
• Raised to principality	1739
• Annexed by France	→1793
• Granted territories from Münster, with S-Kyrburg, to create unified Salm	1802–03 ←
• Joined the Confederation of the Rhine	1806
• Annexed by France	1811
• Mediatised to Prussia	→1813
Preceded by Succeeded by Salm-Dhaun First French Empire

The Principality of Salm-Salm (German: Fürstentum Salm-Salm; French: Principauté de Salm-Salm) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was located in the present-day French departments of Bas-Rhin and Vosges; it was one of a number of partitions of Salm.

History

Salm-Salm was created as a partition of Salm-Dhaun in 1574, and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1739 after being inherited and renamed by Count Nicholas Leopold of Salm-Hoogstraten. Salm-Salm was partitioned between itself and Salm-Neuweiler in 1608.

The last territorial partition occurred in 1751, when Salm-Salm reorganized its borders with the Duchy of Lorraine. Since 1743 the Princes were also Dukes of Hoogstraten.

In 1790, after the French Revolution, the princes of Salm fled the territory and moved to their castle in Anholt, Westphalia. Salm-Salm then was besieged by the revolutionary army, which blocked food supplies from reaching the state. As a consequence, the population was forced to surrender to France. On 2 March 1793, the French National Convention declared Salm-Salm to be a part of the French Republic and attached it to the Department of the Vosges. This was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Lunéville of 1801.

Some years later, in 1802/1803, together with Salm-Kyrburg, the prince of Salm-Salm was granted new territories formerly belonging to the Bishops of Münster (Westphalia). The new territory was governed in union with Salm-Kyrburg and was known as the Principality of Salm.

Geography

In 1165, the original County of Salm was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the Ardennes, and the county of Upper Salm, situated in the Vosges mountains. In 1738, the County of Upper Salm was elevated to Principality of Salm-Salm.

The capital of Salm-Salm was first Badonviller, and from 1751 on, Senones. The second part of the name of Salm-Salm derives from Salm Castle near Salm (today La Broque).

At the end of its existence, Salm-Salm had an area of about 200 km (77 sq mi) and 10,000 inhabitants. It was separated from the main part of the Holy Roman Empire when most of Alsace was ceded to France in the 17th century. Until 1766, it was bordered by the Duchy of Lorraine to the west and by France to the east. After Lorraine became a part of France on 24 February 1766, Salm-Salm formed an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by French territory.

The economy of Salm-Salm was mainly based on an iron mine near Grandfontaine.

• County of Upper Salm
  (Obere Grafschaft Salm)
• Salm Castle in 1589

Rulers

Counts and Princes of Salm and Salm-Salm (1574–1738)

• Friedrich I, Count of Salm-Dhaun, Count of Salm-Salm 1574–1608 (1547-1608)
  • Philipp Otto, Count 1608–1634 (1576-1634), created 1st Prince of Salm 1623
    • Ludwig, Count and 2nd Prince 1634-1636 (1618-1636)
    • Leopold Philipp Karl, Count and 3rd Prince 1636–1663 (1620-1663)
      • Karl Theodor, Count and 4th Prince 1663–1710 (1645-1710)
        • Eleonore, Married to Conrard, 1st Duke d'Ursel.
          • Charles, 2nd Duke d'Ursel (1717–1775)
        • Ludwig Otto, Count and 5th Prince 1710–1738 (1674-1738)

At Ludwig Otto's death, the male line became extinct, and the county of Salm-Salm passed to descendants of Friedrich I's youngest son, Friedrich I Magnus (1606-1673). Eventually, the title Prince of Salm was assumed by his descendants as well.

Sovereign princes of Salm-Salm (1739–1813)

• Nikolaus Leopold of Salm-Hoogstraten, 1st Prince 1739–1770 (1701-1770), great-grandson of Friedrich I Magnus (see note under Counts)
  • Ludwig Karl Otto, 2nd Prince 1770–1778 (1721-1778)
  • Prince Maximilian Friedrich Ernst of Salm-Salm (1732-1773)
    • Konstantin Alexander, 3rd Prince 1778–1828 (1762-1828), mediatized 1813

Mediatised princes of Salm-Salm (1813–present)

• Konstantin Alexander, 3rd Prince 1778–1828 (1762-1828), mediatized 1813
  • Florentin, 4th Prince 1828–1846 (1786-1846)
    • Prince Felix of Salm-Salm (1828-1870)
    • Alfred, 5th Prince 1846–1886 (1814-1886)
      • Nikolaus, 6th Prince 1886–1908 (1838-1908)
      • Alfred, 7th Prince 1908–1923 (1846-1923)
        • Emanuel, Hereditary Prince of Salm-Salm (1871-1916)
          • Isabelle (1903-2009), one of the longest-lived members of any princely family.
          • Nikolaus Leopold, 8th Prince 1923–1988 (1906-1988), 8th Prince of Salm-Kyrburg 1951
            • Carl-Philipp, 9th Prince of Salm-Salm and of Salm-Kyrburg 1988–present (1933-2024) (1988–2024), 14th Prince of Salm
              • Emanuel, 15th Prince of Salm (born 1961)
              • Prince Philipp of Salm-Salm (born 1963)
                • Prince Wilhelm of Salm-Salm (born 2005)
              • Prince Clemens of Salm-Salm (born 1966)
        • Prince Franz Emanuel Konstantin of Salm-Salm (1876-1964)
          • Prince Franz Karl Alfred of Salm-Salm (1917-2011)
            • Prince Michael of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1953)
              • Prince Constantin of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1980)
              • Prince Felix of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1981)
            • Prince Franziskus-Hendrick of Salm-Salm (born 1963)
            • Prince Georg-Alfred of Salm-Salm (born 1969)

References

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

1. and 1st Duke (and 10th Count) of Hoogstraten 1740-1770
2. Coke, Hope. "The top 10 longest-living royals in history". Tatler. Retrieved 4 August 2021.

External links

• House of Salm, at europeanheraldry.org
• (in French) History of the Principality of Salm at the Office de Tourisme Pays des Abbayes
• (in French) Salm Castle
• Flags of the Principality of Salm-Salm
• Information and symbols of the Principality of Salm
• Princely museum at Anholt Castle (in German)

v t e Upper Rhenish Circle (1500–1806) of the Holy Roman Empire
Ecclesiastical	Basel Fulda Hersfeld Metz Odenheim–Bruchsal Prüm Speyer Straßburg Toul Verdun Weißenburg Worms
Secular	Bar Heitersheim Hersfeld Hesse Darmstadt Homburg Kassel Marburg Rheinfels Isenburg-Birstein Lautern Lorraine Nassau Idstein Ottweiler Saarbrücken Usingen Weilburg Salm Kyrburg Salm Savoy Simmern Solms-Braunfels Sponheim Veldenz Waldeck Zweibrücken
Counts / Lords	With Imp. Diet seats Hanau Lichtenberg Münzenberg Isenburg Birstein Büdingen Büdingen-Birstein Königstein Mainz Stolberg Kriechingen Leiningen Dagsburg Hardenburg Westerburg Salm Grehweiler Grumbach Solms Hohensolms Laubach Lich Rödelheim Wetterau Wittgenstein Berleburg Wittgenstein Without Bretzenheim Dagstuhl Falkenstein Isenburg Meerholz Wächtersbach Mensfelden Olbrück Reipoltskirchen Salm-Dhaun Wartenberg
Cities	Décapole Colmar Hagenau Kaisersberg Landau Mülhausen Münster im Elsaß Oberehnheim Rosheim Schlettstadt Türkheim Weißenburg Others Frankfurt Friedberg Metz Speyer Straßburg Toul Verdun Wetzlar Worms
Part of the Three Bishoprics.    Nomeny after 1737.    without Reichstag seat.    until 1736.    Joined Swiss Confederacy in 1515. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian, Swabian, Upper Rhenish, Lower Rhenish–Westphalian, Franconian, (Lower) Saxon Circles est. 1512: Austrian, Burgundian, Upper Saxon, Electoral Rhenish     ·     Unencircled territories

v t e  Alsace topics
Administrative divisions	Bas-Rhin (Strasbourg) (Unterelsaß) Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg Arrondissement of Molsheim Arrondissement of Saverne Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein Arrondissement of Strasbourg Haut-Rhin (Colmar) (Oberelsaß) Arrondissement of Altkirch Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé Arrondissement of Mulhouse Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller
Language	Alsatian French
Culture	Coat of arms Flag Anthem People Demographics Kelsch Musée alsacien Hagenau Strasbourg
Politics	Regional council of Alsace (1982–2015) Alsace independence movement Grand Est (since 2016) European Collectivity of Alsace (since 2021) Assembly of Alsace (since 2021)
Religion (according to the 1801 Concordat in Alsace–Moselle, including Lorraine)	Catholic Church Archdiocese of Strasbourg Immediately subject to the Holy See (Lorraine: Diocese of Metz) Protestantism Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine Judaism History of the Jews in Alsace consistories
Sports	RC Strasbourg Alsace SIG Strasbourg SC Schiltigheim FC Sélestat Sélestat Alsace Handball FC Vendenheim Étoile Noire de Strasbourg Internationaux de Strasbourg Rallye de France Alsace Rallye Alsace-Vosges See also: Alsace de Bagnolet (Paris)
History	Germania Superior (Pagus Alsatiae) (83–475) Argentoratum Route Romane d'Alsace Alemanni (circa 213–496) Alamannia (3rd-century–911) Duchy of Alsace (circa 630–699) Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (982–1803) County of Ferrette (11th-century–14th-century) Salm (1165−1793) Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) Lower Alsace Upper Alsace Further Austria (13th-century–1648) Décapole (1354–1679) County of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1456–1736) Upper Rhenish Circle (1500-1679) Left Bank of the Rhine (1814-1871) Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918) Gau Baden-Elsaß (1940–1945) Alsace (1945–2016) Grand Est (2016–)

• Salm-Salm
• States and territories established in 1574
• Salm family
• Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire
• 1793 disestablishments
• States and territories disestablished in 1793