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Rush Holt Sr.
Holt in 1935
United States Senator from West Virginia
In office June 21, 1935 – January 3, 1941
Preceded by	Henry D. Hatfield
Succeeded by	Harley M. Kilgore
Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates
In office 1931–1935 1942–1950 1954–1955
Personal details
Born	Rush Dew Holt (1905-06-19)June 19, 1905 Weston, West Virginia, U.S.
Died	February 8, 1955(1955-02-08) (aged 49) Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
Political party	Republican (1949–1955)
Other political affiliations	Democratic (until 1949)
Spouse	Helen Froelich ​(m. 1941)​
Children	Rush Holt Jr.
Profession	Teacher

Rush Dew Holt Sr. (June 19, 1905 – February 8, 1955) was an American politician who was a United States Senator from West Virginia (1935–1941) and a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1931–1935, 1942–1950, 1954–1955).

Early life and family

Holt was born in Weston, Lewis County, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905. His parents were Chilela (née Dew) and Dr. Matthew Samuel Holt, a small-town physician and horse trader. Matthew Holt was an atheist, who shifted his political support from the Republican Party to William Jennings Bryan in the 1890s, and then to Socialist candidate Eugene Debs; Matthew Holt attended the Socialist Party's 1917 convention, where he participated in condemning American involvement in World War I.

Rush Holt attended the public schools and West Virginia University at Morgantown; he graduated from Salem College in 1924. He became a high school teacher and athletic coach, then an instructor at Salem College.

Political career

Holt was elected as a Democrat to the West Virginia House of Delegates, serving from 1931 to 1935. In this office, he was described as "a champion of the common man and a critic of privately owned utility corporations."

In November 1934, at 29, he was elected to the United States Senate, but because a Senator is constitutionally required to be at least 30 years old, he could not take his seat until after his 30th birthday in June 1935. Holt was the youngest person ever popularly elected to the U.S. Senate.

Holt was elected with the support of the United Mine Workers and the endorsement of Democratic West Virginia Senator Matthew M. Neely. Holt proclaimed himself an unequivocal supporter of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, but according to William E. Coffey, "most knowledgeable observers ... viewed Holt as politically left of the president." However, by 1936, Holt emerged as a vocal conservative critic of the New Deal, attacking, for example, the Works Progress Administration as corrupt and inefficient. One scoring method found Holt to be the third most conservative Democratic Senator to serve between 1937 and 2002.

Throughout his Senate career, Holt was a staunch isolationist. He was impressed by the findings of the Nye Committee (1934–1936) and by H. C. Engelbrecht's and F. C. Hanighen's book, Merchants of Death (1934). Holt began making a number of public appearances in support of antiwar causes, including several radio addresses for the National Council for Prevention of War. He supported the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937, and also every amendment aimed at making those acts more stringent. During the Spanish Civil War, Holt declared himself in favor of "strict, mandatory neutrality." He opposed increases in military spending, threatening to filibuster the 1938 Naval Expansion Bill. Holt did not favor American participation in international organizations, voting against World Court membership, and not supporting membership in the League of Nations. He opposed reciprocal trade agreements and "faithfully represented" West Virginia's pro-tariff glass industry. During the Winter War, despite being sympathetic to Finland, Holt voted against a loan to that country. Holt opposed the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (also known as the Burke-Wadsworth Act), which instigated peace-time conscription, actively participating in the long (six weeks) and often vitriolic debate on the act; the act eventually passed, 58–31, Holt voting against.

These activities did not make Holt popular with his constituents; in his 1940 bid for renomination, Holt came in third. After his Senate term expired, on January 3, 1941, Holt continued living in Washington, D.C., supporting himself as a lecturer and author. He was an active antiwar lecturer, most often supported by the sponsorship of the America First Committee. He attended dozens of antiwar rallies across the United States, usually as the featured speaker. This speaking tour ended after the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the America First Committee was dissolved. Holt's foreign policy views remained the same, writing in 1942: "Our fight is not over. We must stand guard to see that the internationalists ... are not allowed to determine the future of our great country. They would commit us to everlasting wars everywhere."

Holt's reputation was damaged after his links to Nazi agent George Sylvester Viereck were uncovered. He'd knowingly tried to publish two isolationist books Who's Who Among the Warmongers and The British Network, was published by Flanders Hall, a small company with ties to registered Nazi agents. In an investigation of Viereck's links to Congress, Holt was singled out as one of four who'd knowingly collaborated.

Holt received a high level of media attention during his Senate years and was the subject of hundreds of political cartoons from across America.

Holt unsuccessfully sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the Democratic nomination for United States Senator in 1948. He switched to the Republican Party in 1949, and was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to the Eighty-second Congress in 1950. In 1952, Holt again ran for governor, and earned 48% of the vote. In 1954, he was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates. Holt's political career ended where it started, and he died of cancer while in office on February 8, 1955, at age 49. He was interred in Macpelah Cemetery in Weston, West Virginia.

Family

Holt's widow, Helen F. Holt (1913–2015), filled Holt's unexpired term in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1955–1957). She was then appointed Secretary of State, serving from 1957 to 1959, becoming the first woman to hold high office in West Virginia.

His son, Rush D. Holt Jr., later served as a U.S. Representative from New Jersey.

References

1. West Virginia Blue Book. Charleston, WV. 1943–1950.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
2. ^ Rush D. Holt Sr. at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
3. "Holt". freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
4. ^ Coffey, William E. "Isolationism and Pacifism: Senator Rush D. Holt and American Foreign Policy". West Virginia History, Volume 51 (1992), pp. 1–14.
5. Poole, Keith T. (2004-10-13). "Is John Kerry a Liberal?". Retrieved 2010-01-06. The two Democratic Senators who were rated as more conservative were Harry F. Byrd Sr. and Strom Thurmond.
6. "The Merchants of Death" (PDF). Mises Institute. 1934-06-15. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
7. "West Virginia History Volume 51". archive.wvculture.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
8. "Rush Dew Holt Collection". WVU Libraries. 1935-01-03. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
9. "Mrs. Holt Takes Secretary Post", Charleston Gazette, December 5, 1957. Retrieved January 6, 2010.

Bibliography

• "Unsworn Senators", Time, January 14, 1935. Article about Holt and Richard C. Hunter.

External links

• The Rush Dew Holt Political Cartoon Collection at the West Virginia & Regional History Center
• The West Virginia & Regional History Center at West Virginia University houses the Rush Dew Holt papers in two collections, A&M 873 and A&M 3943

• United States Congress. "Rush Holt Sr. (id: H000749)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

v t e United States senators from West Virginia
Class 1	Van Winkle Boreman Caperton Price Hereford Camden Faulkner Scott Chilton Sutherland Neely Hatfield Holt Kilgore Laird Revercomb Byrd Goodwin Manchin Justice (elect)
Class 2	Willey Davis Kenna Camden S. Elkins D. Elkins Watson N. Goff D. Elkins G. Goff Neely Rosier Shott Revercomb Neely Hoblitzell Randolph Rockefeller Capito

• 1905 births
• 1955 deaths
• Deaths from cancer in Maryland
• Democratic Party United States senators from West Virginia
• Schoolteachers from West Virginia
• Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
• People from Weston, West Virginia
• Salem International University alumni
• Salem University faculty
• West Virginia Democrats
• West Virginia Republicans
• American anti-communists
• American collaborators with Nazi Germany
• America First Committee members
• 20th-century American educators
• Old Right (United States)
• 20th-century United States senators
• 20th-century members of the West Virginia Legislature