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The saros (/ˈsɛərɒs/ ) is a period of exactly 223 synodic months, approximately 6585.321 days (18.04 years), or 18 years plus 10, 11, or 12 days (depending on the number of leap years), and 8 hours, that can be used to predict eclipses of the Sun and Moon. One saros period after an eclipse, the Sun, Earth, and Moon return to approximately the same relative geometry, a near straight line, and a nearly identical eclipse will occur, in what is referred to as an eclipse cycle. A sar is one half of a saros.

A series of eclipses that are separated by one saros is called a saros series. It corresponds to:

• 6,585.321347 solar days
• 18.029 years
• 223 synodic months
• 241.999 draconic months
• 18.999 eclipse years (38 eclipse seasons of 173.31 days)
• 238.992 anomalistic months
• 241.029 sidereal months

The 19 eclipse years means that if there is a solar eclipse (or lunar eclipse), then after one saros a new moon will take place at the same node of the orbit of the Moon, and under these circumstances another solar eclipse can occur.

History

The earliest discovered historical record of what is known as the saros is by Chaldean (neo-Babylonian) astronomers in the last several centuries BCE. It was later known to Hipparchus, Pliny and Ptolemy.

The name "saros" (Greek: σάρος) was applied to the eclipse cycle by Edmond Halley in 1686, who took it from the Suda, a Byzantine lexicon of the 11th century. The Suda says, " a measure and a number among Chaldeans. For 120 saroi make 2220 years (years of 12 lunar months) according to the Chaldeans' reckoning, if indeed the saros makes 222 lunar months, which are 18 years and 6 months (i.e. years of 12 lunar months)." The information in the Suda in turn was derived directly or otherwise from the Chronicle of Eusebius of Caesarea, which quoted Berossus. (Guillaume Le Gentil claimed that Halley's usage was incorrect in 1756, but the name continues to be used.) The Greek word apparently either comes from the Babylonian word sāru meaning the number 3600 or the Greek verb saro (σαρῶ) that means "sweep (the sky with the series of eclipses)".

The Saros period of 223 lunar months (in Greek numerals, ΣΚΓ′) is in the Antikythera Mechanism user manual on this instrument, made around 150 to 100 BCE in Greece, as seen in the picture. This number is one of a few inscriptions of the mechanism that are visible with the unaided eye. Above it, the period of the Metonic cycle and the Callippic cycle are also visible.

Description

The saros, a period of 6585.3211 days (15 common years + 3 leap years + 12.321 days, 14 common years + 4 leap years + 11.321 days, or 13 common years + 5 leap years + 10.321 days), is useful for predicting the times at which nearly identical eclipses will occur. Three periodicities related to lunar orbit, the synodic month, the draconic month, and the anomalistic month coincide almost perfectly each saros cycle. For an eclipse to occur, either the Moon must be located between the Earth and Sun (for a solar eclipse) or the Earth must be located between the Sun and Moon (for a lunar eclipse). This can happen only when the Moon is new or full, respectively, and repeat occurrences of these lunar phases result from solar and lunar orbits producing the Moon's synodic period of 29.53059 days. During most full and new moons, however, the shadow of the Earth or Moon falls to the north or south of the other body. Eclipses occur when the three bodies form a nearly straight line. Because the plane of the lunar orbit is inclined to that of the Earth, this condition occurs only when a full or new Moon is near or in the ecliptic plane, that is when the Moon is at one of the two nodes (the ascending or descending node). The period of time for two successive lunar passes through the ecliptic plane (returning to the same node) is termed the draconic month, a 27.21222 day period. The three-dimensional geometry of an eclipse, when the new or full moon is near one of the nodes, occurs every five or six months when the Sun is in conjunction or opposition to the Moon and coincidentally also near a node of the Moon's orbit at that time, or twice per eclipse year. Two eclipses separated by one saros have very similar appearance and duration due to the distance between the Earth and Moon being nearly the same for each event: this is because the saros is also an integer multiple of the anomalistic month of 27.5545 days, the period of the moon with respect to the lines of apsides in its orbit.

After one saros, the Moon will have completed roughly an integer number of synodic, draconic, and anomalistic periods (223, 242, and 239) and the Earth-Sun-Moon geometry will be nearly identical: the Moon will have the same phase and be at the same node and the same distance from the Earth. In addition, because the saros is close to 18 years in length (about 11 days longer), the Earth will be nearly the same distance from the Sun, and tilted to it in nearly the same orientation (same season). Given the date of an eclipse, one saros later a nearly identical eclipse can be predicted. During this 18-year period, about 40 other solar and lunar eclipses take place, but with a somewhat different geometry. One saros equaling 18.03 years is not equal to a perfect integer number of lunar orbits (Earth revolutions with respect to the fixed stars of 27.32166 days sidereal month), therefore, even though the relative geometry of the Earth–Sun–Moon system will be nearly identical after a saros, the Moon will be in a slightly different position with respect to the stars for each eclipse in a saros series. The axis of rotation of the Earth–Moon system exhibits a precession period of 18.59992 years.

The saros is not an integer number of days, but contains the fraction of +1⁄3 of a day. Thus each successive eclipse in a saros series occurs about eight hours later in the day. In the case of an eclipse of the Sun, this means that the region of visibility will shift westward about 120°, or about one third of the way around the globe, and the two eclipses will thus not be visible from the same place on Earth. In the case of an eclipse of the Moon, the next eclipse might still be visible from the same location as long as the Moon is above the horizon. Given three saros eclipse intervals, the local time of day of an eclipse will be nearly the same. This three saros interval (19,755.96 days) is known as a triple saros or exeligmos (Greek: "turn of the wheel") cycle.

Saros series

Each saros series starts with a partial eclipse (Sun first enters the end of the node), and each successive saros the path of the Moon is shifted either northward (when near the descending node) or southward (when near the ascending node) due to the fact that the saros is not an exact integer of draconic months (about one hour short). At some point, eclipses are no longer possible and the series terminates (Sun leaves the beginning of the node). An arbitrary solar saros series was designated as solar saros series 1 by compilers of eclipse statistics. This series has finished, but the eclipse of November 16, 1990 BC (Julian calendar) for example is in solar saros series 1. There are different saros series for solar and lunar eclipses. For lunar saros series, the lunar eclipse occurring 58.5 synodic months earlier (February 23, 1994 BC) was assigned the number 1. If there is an eclipse one inex (29 years minus about 20 days) after an eclipse of a particular saros series then it is a member of the next series. For example, the eclipse of October 26, 1961 BC is in solar saros series 2. Saros series, of course, went on before these dates, and it is necessary to extend the saros series numbers backwards to negative numbers even just to accommodate eclipses occurring in the years following 2000 BC (up till the last eclipse with a negative saros number in 1367 BC). For solar eclipses the statistics for the complete saros series within the era between 2000 BC and AD 3000 are given in this article's references. It takes between 1226 and 1550 years for the members of a saros series to traverse the Earth's surface from north to south (or vice versa). These extremes allow from 69 to 87 eclipses in each series (most series have 71 or 72 eclipses). From 39 to 59 (mostly about 43) eclipses in a given series will be central (that is, total, annular, or hybrid annular-total). At any given time, approximately 40 different saros series will be in progress.

Saros series, as mentioned, are numbered according to the type of eclipse (lunar or solar). In odd numbered series (for solar eclipses) the Sun is near the ascending node, whereas in even numbered series it is near the descending node (this is reversed for lunar eclipse saros series). Generally, the ordering of these series determines the time at which each series peaks, which corresponds to when an eclipse is closest to one of the lunar nodes. For solar eclipses, the 40 series numbered between 117 and 156 are active (series 117 will end in 2054), whereas for lunar eclipses, there are now 41 active saros series (these numbers can be derived by counting the number of eclipses listed over an 18-year (saros) period from the eclipse catalog sites).

Example

Saros 131 lunar eclipse dates

May 10, 1427 (Julian calendar)	First penumbral (southern edge of shadow)
...6 intervening penumbral eclipses omitted...
July 25, 1553 (Julian calendar)	First partial
...19 intervening partial eclipses omitted...
March 22, 1932 Final partial	12:32 UT
April 2, 1950 First total	20:44 UT
April 13, 1968	04:47 UT
April 24, 1986	12:43 UT
May 4, 2004	20:30 UT
May 16, 2022 First central	04:11 UT
May 26, 2040	11:45 UT
June 6, 2058	19:14 UT
June 17, 2076 Central	02:37 UT
...6 intervening total eclipses omitted...
September 3, 2202 Last total	05:59 UT
September 13, 2220	First partial
...18 intervening partial eclipses omitted...
April 9, 2563	Last partial umbral
...7 intervening penumbral eclipses omitted...
July 7, 2707	Last penumbral (northern edge of shadow)

As an example of a single saros series, this table gives the dates of some of the 72 lunar eclipses for saros series 131. This eclipse series began in AD 1427 with a partial eclipse at the southern edge of the Earth's shadow when the Moon was close to its descending node. In each successive saros, the Moon's orbital path is shifted northward with respect to the Earth's shadow, with the first total eclipse occurring in 1950. For the following 252 years, total eclipses occur, with the central eclipse in 2078. The first partial eclipse after this will occur in the year 2220, and the final partial eclipse of the series will occur in 2707. The total lifetime of lunar saros series 131 is 1280 years. Solar saros 138 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

Because of the +1⁄3 fraction of days in a saros, the visibility of each eclipse will differ for an observer at a given locale. For the lunar saros series 131, the first total eclipse of 1950 had it's best visibility for viewers in Eastern Europe and the Middle East because mid-eclipse was at 20:44 UT. The following eclipse in the series occurred about 8 hours later in the day with mid-eclipse at 4:47 UT, and was best seen from North America and South America. The third total eclipse occurred about 8 hours later in the day than the second eclipse with mid-eclipse at 12:43 UT, and had its best visibility for viewers in the Western Pacific, East Asia, Australia and New Zealand. This cycle of visibility repeats from the start to the end of the series, with minor variations. Solar saros 138 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

For a similar example for solar saros see solar saros 136.

Relationship between lunar and solar saros (sar)

After a given lunar or solar eclipse, after 9 years and 5+1⁄2 days (a half saros, or sar) an eclipse will occur that is lunar instead of solar, or vice versa, with similar properties.

For example, if the Moon's penumbra partially covers the southern limb of the Earth during a solar eclipse, 9 years and 5+1⁄2 days later a lunar eclipse will occur in which the Moon is partially covered by the southern limb of the Earth's penumbra. Likewise, 9 years and 5+1⁄2 days after a total solar eclipse or an annular solar eclipse occurs, a total lunar eclipse will also occur. This 9-year period is referred to as a sar. It includes 111+1⁄2 synodic months, or 111 synodic months plus one fortnight. The fortnight accounts for the alternation between solar and lunar eclipse. For a visual example see this chart (each row is one sar apart).

See also

• List of saros series for solar eclipses
• List of saros series for lunar eclipses
• Eclipse cycle
• Exeligmos
• Solar eclipse
• Lunar eclipse
• Metonic cycle

References

1. van Gent, Robert Harry (8 September 2003). "A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles".
2. Tablets 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1419 of: T. G. Pinches, J. N. Strassmaier: Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts. A. J. Sachs (ed.), Brown University Press 1955
3. A. J. Sachs & H. Hunger (1987–1996): Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, Vol.I–III. Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ibid. H. Hunger (2001) Vol. V: Lunar and Planetary Texts
4. P. J. Huber & S. de Meis (2004): Babylonian Eclipse Observations from 750 BC to 1 BC, par. 1.1. IsIAO/Mimesis, Milano
5. Naturalis Historia II.10
6. Almagest IV.2
7. Halley, E. (1686). "Emendationes & Notae in tria loca vitiose edita in textu vulgato Naturalis Historiae C. Plinii" [Corrections and notes on three badly edited passages in a common edition of C. Pliny's Natural History]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (in Latin). 17 (194): 535–540. doi:10.1098/rstl.1686.0101. S2CID 186208699. From p. 537: "Secundo loco annotare libet hanc Periodum Chaldaeis olim Astronomiae repertoribus Saron dici, … " (In the second passage, it is pleasing to note this period was called "Saron" by Chaldean authors of astronomy, … ) " … Sari mensura & numerus apud Chaldaeos, etenim 120 Sari constituunt annos 2222 juxta Chaldaeorum calculum, nempe Saros constat ex 222 mensibus Lunaribus, qui sunt 18 Anni cum sex mensibus." ( … the Sari a measure and number in the writings of the Chaldeans, as a matter of fact 120 Sari constitute 2,222 years according to the Chaldeans' calculation; indeed a Saros consists of 222 lunar months, which are 18 years and 6 months.)
8. The Suda entry is online here.
9. "Eusebius: Chronicle (4) - translation". www.attalus.org. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
10. Le Gentil's criticism of Halley's use of the term "Saros" appeared in two places in the 1756 volume of Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les mémoires de mathématique et de physique:
    • in the Histoire section: (Staff) (1756). "Sur le Saros Chaldaïque" [On the Chaldean Saros]. Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les mémoires de mathématique et de physique (in French): 80–90. From p. 81: "M. le Gentil convient avec M. Halley de l'utilité de cette période, mais il ne convient pas de même de son exactitude, ni que ce soit effectivement celle que les Chaldéens connoissoient sous le nom de Saros." (Mr. le Gentil agrees with Mr. Halley about the usefulness of this period , but he doesn't agree about its accuracy, nor that it is really what the Chaldeans knew by the name of "Saros".)
    • in the Mémoires section: le Gentil (1756). "Remarques sur un mémoire de M Halley, inséré dans les Transactions philosophiques de l'année 1692, No. 194, page 535, dans lequel M. Halley parlé du Saros des Chaldéens" [Remarks on a memoir of Mr. Halley, inserted in the Philosophical Transactions of the year 1692, issue 194, p. 535, in which Mr. Halley speaks about the Saros of the Chaldeans]. Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les mémoires de mathématique et de physique (in French): 55–81.
11. "saros". Encarta Dictionary. Microsoft. Archived from the original on June 8, 2009.
12. Liddell H G, Scott R., Jones H S, McKenzie, R, 1843, Oxford University Press
13. Freeth, T., Bitsakis, Y., Moussas, X., Seiradakis, J. H., Tselikas, A., Mangou, H., ... & Edmunds, M. G. (2006). Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism. Nature, 444(7119), 587-591
14. Decoding an Ancient Computer, Scientific American, December 2009
15. Littmann, Mark; Fred Espenak; Ken Willcox (2008). Totality: Eclipses of the Sun. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953209-4.
16. Meeus, Jean (2004). Ch. 18 "About Saros and Inex series" in: Mathematical Astronomy Morsels III. Willmann-Bell, Richmond VA, USA.
17. Espenak, Fred; Jean Meeus (October 2006). "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses, Section 4 (NASA TP-2006-214141)" (PDF). NASA STI Program Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
18. G. van den Bergh (1955). Periodicity and Variation of Solar (and Lunar) Eclipses (2 vols.). H. D. Tjeenk Willink & Zoon N. V., Haarlem.
19. Bao-Lin Liu; Alan D. Fiala (1992). Canon of Lunar Eclipses, 1500 B.C. to A.D. 3000. Willmann-Bell, Richmond VA.
20. "NASA - Solar Eclipses: 2011 - 2020". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
21. "NASA - Lunar Eclipses: 2011 - 2020". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
22. Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros

Bibliography

• Jean Meeus and Hermann Mucke (1983) Canon of Lunar Eclipses. Astronomisches Büro, Vienna
• Theodor von Oppolzer (1887). Canon der Finsternisse. Vienna
• Jean Meeus, Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1997 (Chapter 9, p. 51, Table 9. A Some eclipse Periodicities)

External links

• List of all active saros cycles
• NASA – Eclipses and the Saros
• Solar and Lunar Eclipses – Xabier Jubier – Interactive eclipse search
• Eclipse Search – Search 5,000 years of eclipse data by various attributes
• Eclipses, Cosmic Clockwork of the Ancients – Fundamental astronomy of eclipses

v t e Solar eclipses
Features	Baily's beads (diamond ring) Shadow bands Solar prominence Stellar corona helmet streamer
Lists of eclipses	By era Antiquity Middle Ages Modern era 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd Future Saros series (list) 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 Visibility Australia British Isles China Israel Philippines Russia Turkey Ukraine United States Historical Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC) Assyrian eclipse (763 BC) Eclipse of Thales (585 BC) Muhammad's eclipse (632 AD)
Total/hybrid eclipses → next total/hybrid	1133 1185 1560 1598 1652 1654 1673 1706 1715 1724 1766 1778 1780 1802 1803 1806 1816 1824 1842 1845 1851 1853 1857 1858 1860 1865 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1874 1875 1878 1882 1883 1885 1886 1887 Jan. 1889 Dec. 1889 1892 1893 1896 1898 1900 1901 1903 1904 1905 1907 Jan. 1908 Dec. 1908 1909 1910 1911 Apr. 1912 Oct. 1912 1914 1916 1918 1919 1921 1922 1923 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Apr. 1930 Oct. 1930 1932 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1943 Jan. 1944 1945 1947 1948 1950 1952 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1961 1962 1963 1965 1966 1967 1968 1970 1972 1973 1974 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2023 2024 → 2026 2027 2028 2030 2031 2033 2034 2035 2037 2038 2039 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2048 2049 2050 2052 2053 2055 Jan. 2057 Dec. 2057 2059 2060 2061 2063 2064 2066 2067 2068 2070 2071 2072 2073 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2081 2082 2084 2086 2088 2089 2090 2091 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2099 2100 2186
Annular eclipses → next annular	1749 1792 1802 1803 1820 1854 1860 1863 1865 1879 1889 1899 1900 1901 1903 1904 1905 1907 1908 1911 1914 Feb. 1915 Aug. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1921 1922 1923 1925 1926 1927 1929 1932 Feb. 1933 Aug. 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1939 1940 1941 1943 Jul. 1944 1945 1947 1948 1950 Mar. 1951 Sep. 1951 1952 Jan. 1954 Dec. 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1961 1962 1963 1965 1966 Mar. 1969 Sep. 1969 1970 1972 Jan. 1973 Dec. 1973 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2023 2024 → 2026 2027 2028 2030 2031 2032 2034 2035 2036 Jan. 2038 Jul. 2038 2039 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2048 2049 2052 2053 Jan. 2056 Jul. 2056 2057 2059 2060 2061 2063 2064 2066 2067 2070 2071 Jan. 2074 Jul. 2074 2075 2077 2078 2079 2081 2082 2084 Jun. 2085 Dec. 2085 2088 2089 Feb. 2092 Aug. 2092 2093 2095 2096 2097 2099 2100
Partial eclipses → next partial	Jan. 1639 Apr. 1801 Sep. 1801 Oct. 1801 Apr. 1848 Jan. 1852 Nov. 1855 Nov. 1873 Apr. 1902 May 1902 Oct. 1902 Feb. 1906 Jul. 1906 Aug. 1906 Dec. 1909 Nov. 1910 Apr. 1913 Aug. 1913 Sep. 1913 Dec. 1916 Jan. 1917 Jun. 1917 Jul. 1917 May 1920 Nov. 1920 Mar. 1924 Jul. 1924 Aug. 1924 Dec. 1927 Jun. 1928 Nov. 1928 Apr. 1931 Sep. 1931 Oct. 1931 Jan. 1935 Feb. 1935 Jun. 1935 Jul. 1935 Nov. 1938 Mar. 1942 Aug. 1942 Sep. 1942 Jan. 1946 May 1946 Jun. 1946 Nov. 1946 Apr. 1949 Oct. 1949 Feb. 1953 Jul. 1953 Aug. 1953 Dec. 1956 Mar. 1960 Sep. 1960 Jan. 1964 Jun. 1964 Jul. 1964 Dec. 1964 May 1967 Mar. 1968 Feb. 1971 Jul. 1971 Aug. 1971 Dec. 1974 May 1975 Nov. 1975 Apr. 1978 Oct. 1978 Jan. 1982 Jun. 1982 Jul. 1982 Dec. 1982 May 1985 Apr. 1986 Mar. 1989 Aug. 1989 Dec. 1992 May 1993 Nov. 1993 Apr. 1996 Oct. 1996 Sep. 1997 Feb. 2000 1 Jul. 2000 31 Jul. 2000 Dec. 2000 Apr. 2004 Oct. 2004 Mar. 2007 Sep. 2007 Jan. 2011 Jun. 2011 Jul. 2011 Nov. 2011 Oct. 2014 Sep. 2015 Feb. 2018 Jul. 2018 Aug. 2018 Jan. 2019 Apr. 2022 Oct. 2022 → Mar. 2025 Sep. 2025 Jan. 2029 Jun. 2029 Jul. 2029 Dec. 2029 2032 2033 Feb. 2036 Jul. 2036 Aug. 2036 2037 May 2040 Nov. 2040 Jan. 2047 Jun. 2047 Jul. 2047 Dec. 2047 2050 Apr. 2051 Oct. 2051 Mar. 2054 Aug. 2054 Sep. 2054 2055 May 2058 Jun. 2058 Nov. 2058 Mar. 2062 Sep. 2062 Feb. 2065 Jul. 2065 Aug. 2065 Dec. 2065 2068 Apr. 2069 May 2069 Oct. 2069 2072 2073 Jun. 2076 Jul. 2076 Nov. 2076 Feb. 2083 Jul. 2083 Aug. 2083 2084 2086 May 2087 Jun. 2087 Oct. 2087 2090 2091 Jun. 2094 Jul. 2094 Dec. 2094 Apr. 2098 Sep. 2098 Oct. 2098
Other bodies	Mars Moon Jupiter Neptune Pluto Saturn Uranus
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v t e Lunar eclipses
Lists of lunar eclipses	Central total eclipses Total penumbral eclipses Historically significant By century
Lunar eclipses by era	Modern era 20th 21st Future 22nd
Lunar eclipses by saros series	100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163
Partial eclipses	1903 Apr 1914 Mar 1916 Jul 1952 Feb 1952 Aug 1954 Jul 1955 Nov 1956 May 1958 May 1959 Mar 1961 Mar 1961 Aug 1963 Jul 1965 Jun 1970 Feb 1970 Aug 1972 Jul 1973 Dec 1974 Jun 1976 May 1977 Apr 1979 Mar 1981 Jul 1983 Jun 1988 Aug 1990 Aug 1991 Dec 1992 Jun 1994 May 1995 Apr 1997 Mar 1999 Jul 2001 Jul 2005 Oct 2006 Sep 2008 Aug 2009 Dec 2010 Jun 2012 Jun 2013 Apr 2017 Aug 2019 Jul 2021 Nov 2023 Oct 2024 Sep → 2026 Aug 2028 Jan 2028 Jul 2030 Jun 2034 Sep 2035 Aug 2037 Jul 2039 Jun 2039 Nov 2041 May 2041 Nov 2046 Jan 2046 Jul 2048 Jun 2052 Oct 2055 Aug 2075 Jun 2099 Apr
Total eclipses	1504 Mar 1910 May 1913 Sep 1920 May 1950 Apr 1950 Sep 1953 Jan 1953 Jul 1954 Jan 1956 Nov 1957 May 1957 Nov 1960 Mar 1960 Sep 1963 Dec 1964 Jun 1964 Dec 1967 Apr 1967 Oct 1968 Apr 1968 Oct 1971 Feb 1971 Aug 1972 Jan 1974 Nov 1975 May 1975 Nov 1978 Mar 1978 Sep 1979 Sep 1982 Jan 1982 Jul 1982 Dec 1985 May 1985 Oct 1986 Apr 1986 Oct 1989 Feb 1989 Aug 1990 Feb 1992 Dec 1993 Jun 1993 Nov 1996 Apr 1996 Sep 1997 Sep 2000 Jan 2000 Jul 2001 Jan 2003 May 2003 Nov 2004 May 2004 Oct 2007 Mar 2007 Aug 2008 Feb 2010 Dec 2011 Jun 2011 Dec 2014 Apr 2014 Oct 2015 Apr 2015 Sep 2018 Jan 2018 Jul 2019 Jan 2021 May 2022 May 2022 Nov → 2025 Mar 2025 Sep 2026 Mar 2028 Dec 2029 Jun 2029 Dec 2032 Apr 2032 Oct 2033 Apr 2033 Oct 2036 Feb 2036 Aug 2037 Jan 2040 May 2040 Nov 2043 Mar 2043 Sep 2044 Mar 2044 Sep 2047 Jan 2047 Jul 2048 Jan 2050 May 2050 Oct 2051 Apr 2051 Oct 2054 Feb 2054 Aug 2055 Feb 2058 Jun 2065 Jul 2069 May 2072 Aug 2076 Jun 2083 Jul 2084 Jan 2087 May 2090 Sep 2094 Jun 2123 Jun 2170 May
Penumbral eclipses	Partial 23 Mar 1940 22 Apr 1940 16 Oct 1940 1951 Feb 21 1951 Mar 23 1951 Aug 17 1951 Sep 15 1955 Jan 08 1955 Jun 05 1958 Apr 04 1958 Oct 27 1959 Sep 17 1962 Feb 19 1962 Jul 17 1962 Aug 15 1965 Dec 08 1966 May 04 1966 Oct 29 1969 Apr 02 1969 Aug 27 1969 Sep 25 1973 Jan 18 1973 Jun 15 1973 Jul 15 1976 Nov 06 1977 Sep 27 1980 Mar 01 1980 Jul 27 1980 Aug 26 1983 Dec 20 1984 May 15 1984 Jun 13 1984 Nov 08 1987 Apr 14 1987 Oct 07 1991 Jan 30 1991 Jun 27 1991 Jul 26 1994 Nov 18 1995 Oct 08 1998 Mar 13 1998 Aug 08 1998 Sep 06 2001 Dec 30 2002 May 26 2002 Jun 24 2002 Nov 20 2005 Apr 24 2009 Feb 09 2009 Jul 07 2009 Aug 06 2012 Nov 28 2013 May 25 2013 Oct 18 2016 Mar 23 2016 Aug 18 2016 Sep 16 2017 Feb 11 2020 Jan 10 2020 Jun 05 2020 Jul 05 2020 Nov 30 2023 May 05 2024 Mar 25 → 2027 Feb 20 2027 Jul 18 2027 Aug 17 2030 Dec 09 2031 May 07 2031 Jun 05 2031 Oct 30 2034 Apr 03 2035 Feb 22 2038 Jan 21 2038 Jun 17 2038 Jul 16 2038 Dec 11 2042 Apr 05 2042 Oct 28 2045 Mar 03 2045 Aug 27 2048 Dec 20 2049 May 17 2049 Jun 15 2049 Nov 09 2052 Apr 14 2053 Mar 04 2060 Nov 08 2107 May 7 Total 1963 Jan 09 1981 Jan 20 1988 Mar 03 1999 Jan 31 2006 Mar 14 → 2053 Aug 29 2070 Apr 25
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