Misplaced Pages

Scientific Time Sharing Corporation (STSC) was a pioneering timesharing and consulting service company which offered APL from its datacenter in Bethesda, MD to users in the United States and Europe.

History

Scientific Time Sharing Corporation (STSC) was formed in 1969 in Bethesda, Maryland by Dan Dyer, Burton C. Gray, and some of the people who originally implemented the programming language APL, notably Philip S. Abrams, Lawrence M. Breed, and Allen Rose. In 1970, STSC released APL*Plus, a version of the APL\360 language with many practical extensions oriented toward fostering business use of APL. Together with I. P. Sharp Associates, STSC made many enhancements to the APL language, including:

• FMT formatting
• VR and FX, APL program reflection features
• a file system to store APL variables outside of the APL environment

STSC continued to make enhancements to the interpreter, notably improving the performance of many of the primitive functions.

In 1985, Dan Dyer of STSC and Ian Sharp of I. P. Sharp Associates jointly received the Kenneth E. Iverson Award for Outstanding Contribution to APL.

In the early 1980s, the timesharing market began collapsing, mostly due to the appearance in the marketplace of relatively lower cost IBM mainframe computers, such as the IBM 4300. STSC quickly changed its focus to supply APL services for in-house and the rapidly developing personal computer (PC) market.

In 1982, STSC released APL*Plus/PC, which was a very successful APL interpreter for the IBM personal computer. In the mid 1980s, STSC developed the APL*Plus/Unix interpreter, a full 32-bit interpreter which was the basis of further APL development, notably APL*Plus/386, which was later available for Intel 386 class machines and higher. Arguably, the APL*Plus/386 interpreter fostered the exodus of APL applications from mainframe to PC environments, as the hardware and software were finally correctly matched to facilitate a straightforward migration of medium- to large-sized applications away from mainframes.

In the mid 1980s, STSC released an APL compiler for its APL*Plus add-on for the IBM VSAPL program product. Along with language features designed to profile code execution, this compiler implementation was oriented toward replacing resource-consuming functions in place with compiled ones, leading to overall performance improvements.

By the mid 1990s, the APL*Plus/386 system had become one of the leading APL interpreters in the market, however it did not run under the then-new Microsoft Windows 3.1. Although there were some attempts at Windows interoperability, development on the APL*Plus/Win product began shortly before the APL products were sold to LEX2000. This latest Windows product is the basis for the current APLNow (formerly APL2000) interpreter product line.

Timeline

• 1969 – Scientific Time Sharing Corporation formed
• 1971 – APL Mailbox, also called 666 BOX, an early email system by Larry Breed and Francis Bates
• 1976 – STSC Mailbox used to coordinate the Jimmy Carter presidential campaign
• 1979 – the firm name was changed to STSC, Inc.
• 1982 – APL*Plus/PC launched, one of the first versions of APL on the personal computer
• 1982 – acquired by Continental Telecom, Inc.
• 1990 – acquired Rover Technology Co.
• 1992 – name changed to Manugistics Group, Inc.
• 1993 – initial public offering
• 1995 – the APL product line was sold to LEX2000, Inc.
• 1999 – Cognos Corporation acquired LEX2000

Manugistics continued to own all supply chain software.

See also

• Kenneth Iverson

References

1. "JDA Software Group Inc., demand chain management software and services for global retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers". JDA Software. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03.
2. "Manugistics Group Inc – Technology > Software Services & Applications from AllBusiness.com". AllBusiness.
3. Burton C. Gray's Yale obituary
4. APL Quotations and Anecdotes, including Leslie Goldsmith's story of the Mailbox
5. "Home > Communications > The Internet > History of the internet > Internet in its infancy". actewagl.com.au. Archived from the original on 2011-02-27. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
6. ^ Feinler, Elizabeth; Vittal, John (2022-07-01). "Email Innovation Timeline" (PDF). Computer History Museum. p. 56. Retrieved 2023-08-18. The Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale presidential campaign used the commercial STSC MAILBOX service to coordinate their campaign schedules. MAILBOX ran on a single Amdahl 470 system with dial-up and/or hardwired access intended for within-company access.
7. Holuea, Josh (November 21, 1976). "Computer Tied Carter, Mondale Campaigns". The Washington Star. p. A-3.
8. Becky Barna (January 1977). "Carter and the industry: Why not the best?". Computer Decisions. Vol. 9, no. 1. pp. 56–59. Powered by a big Amdahl 470 computer at STSC's Bethesda headquarters, it comprised a series of mailboxes assigned to Carter, Mondale and various other individuals and groups within the campaign staff. Toting portable terminals, Carter and Mondale were able to keep track of each other's frenetic schedules. Moreover, each was able to keep tabs on the other's public statements and positions to avoid catastrophic contradictions. Mailbox soon became the tie to bind the other computer applications that were already humming away in the political machine. If Mondale had an idea on tax reform, for instance, he would transmit it through Mailbox to Stuart Eisenstat in the issues room. Eisenstat would take a look at it, see if additional data was needed from the New York Times data bank, and then send the combination package to Carter. Even while airborne, Carter was constantly feeding messages to his mailbox. The jet wasn't connected to the system by radio hook-up, but magnetic tape devices were on board so typists could continue to capture data. Once Peanut One touched down, the telephone company would rush in with five pairs of communications lines, and the system would again start purring.
9. "Rockville Software Company Acquires Rover Technology". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

External links

• APL programming language - Chronology
• Catherine Lathwell, ed. (c. 1979). "The STSC Story: It's About Time". Scientific Time Sharing Corporation. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2017-01-06. {{cite web}}: External link in |editor= (help) Promotional video for Scientific Time Sharing Corporation, which features President Jimmy Carter's press secretary Jody Powell explaining how the company's APL Mailbox enabled the 1976 Carter presidential campaign to easily move information around the country to coordinate the campaign. Plus many employees and corporate customers explaining how STSC's APL helped them solve business problems.

v t e APL programming
Features	APL syntax and symbols Direct function (dfn) Code pages Iverson bracket Rank Shared Variables
Implementations	Major Dyalog APL APL2 → APLX SHARP APL NARS → NARS2000° Dialects A → A+° APLNext → VisualAPL ELI GNU APL° J° kdb+ K, Q Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL)
Community	Professional associations Association for Computing Machinery: SIGAPL British APL Association Organizations Business Ampere Analogic Corporation APL2000 CompuServe Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) DNA Systems Dyalog Ltd. IBM I. P. Sharp Associates Kx Systems Micro Computer Machines (MCM) Science Research Associates Scientific Time Sharing Corporation (STSC) Soliton Incorporated Telecompute Integrated Systems, Inc. Time Sharing Resources (TSR) Education Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) University of Maryland People Phil Abrams Bob Bernecky Larry Breed Charles Brenner Fred Brooks Jim Brown Adin Falkoff Patrick E. Hagerty Herbert Hellerman Roger Hui Kenneth E. Iverson Dick Lathwell Eugene McDonnell Robert Metzger Roger Moore Alan Perlis John Scholes J. Henri Schueler Bob Smith Edward H. Sussenguth Jr. Arthur Whitney William Yerazunis Rodnay Zaks Iverson Award
Italics = discontinued ° = Open-source software Commons Category

• Defunct companies based in Maryland
• APL programming language family
• Time-sharing companies