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(Redirected from Siu mai) Type of traditional Chinese dumpling For meats roasted on spits over an open fire or a huge wood-burning rotisserie oven, see siu mei. For the Star Wars character, see Shu Mai (Star Wars).
Shumai
Shumai in a bamboo steamer
Alternative namesVariously spelled shaomai, shui mai, shu mai, sui mai, shui mei, siu mai, shao mai, xíu mại (Vietnamese), siomai (Filipino), siomay (Indonesian)
CourseDim sum
Place of originChina
Region or stateGuangzhou, Guangdong or Hohhot, Inner Mongolia
Main ingredientsseasoned ground pork, whole and chopped mutton, Chinese black mushroom, lye water dough
VariationsSiomay
Shumai
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese燒賣
Simplified Chinese烧卖
Jyutpingsiu1 maai2
Hanyu Pinyinshāomài
Literal meaningto cook and sell
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinshāomài
IPA
Hakka
Romanizationsehw mai
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationsīumáai
Jyutpingsiu1 maai2
IPA
Southern Min
Hokkien POJsio-māi
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetxíu mại
Chữ Hán燒賣
Thai name
Thaiขนมจีบ [kʰā.nǒm.t͡ɕìːp]
RTGSkhanom chip
Japanese name
Kanji焼売
Kanaシュウマイ
Transcriptions
Romanizationshūmai
Indonesian name
Indonesiansiomai / siomay / somay
Filipino name
Tagalogsiomai / siyomay
Hindi name
Hindimomo
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Shumai (Chinese: 燒賣; pinyin: shāomài; Cantonese Yale: sīu-máai; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio-māi) is a type of traditional Chinese dumpling made of ground pork. In Cantonese cuisine, it is usually served as a dim sum snack. In addition to accompanying the Chinese diaspora, variations of shumai are found in Japan and Southeast Asia, such as the Indonesian siomay. In Australia, it developed into dim sim.

Popular Chinese varieties

Cantonese siumaai

This is the most well-known variety outside of Asia and is from the southern provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. As prepared in Cantonese cuisine, siumaai is also referred to as "pork and mushroom dumpling". Its standard filling consists primarily of ground pork, small whole or chopped shrimp, Chinese black mushroom, green onion (also called scallion) and ginger with seasonings of Chinese rice wine (e.g. Shaoxing rice wine), soy sauce, sesame oil and chicken stock. Bamboo shoots, water chestnuts and pepper can also be added. The outer covering is made of a thin sheet of lye water dough, which is either yellow or white. The center is usually garnished with an orange dot, made of crab roe or diced carrot, although a green dot made with a pea may be used. The decorative presentations vary.

A fish paste variety of siumaai is sold as a popular street food in Hong Kong, usually alongside curry fishballs. It is most often eaten with a sweet soy sauce and/or chili oil.

The Hong Kong Siumaipedia was written to document the Cantonese variety.

Hohhot shaomai

Hohhot shaomai is a regional variety in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.

The wrapping is a very thin, round sheet of unleavened dough, with a pleated border. There is only one kind of filling, which mainly consists of chopped or minced mutton, scallion and ginger. Hohhot shaomai features this extensive use of scallion and ginger, creating a dense combined scent, and a slightly spicy taste. The filling is put in the center of the wrapping and the border of the wrapping is loosely gathered above, forming a "neck" and a flower-shaped top. It is then cooked by steaming or pan-frying. Hohhot shaomai is served in the unit of "liang", which means either eight steamed ones served in a steamer tier, or eight fried ones served in a dish. "Liang" is equal to 50 grams, is traditionally used as an indication of the total weight of the wrapping. Hohhot shaomai is commonly served with vinegar and tea, due to its greasiness.

Hunan juhua shaomai

Called the chrysanthemum shaomai (菊花燒賣), this variety is made in Changsha (長沙), Hunan province (湖南). This shaomai is named for its opening resembling the chrysanthemum flower petal shape. It is spicy with pepper and the wrapper is translucent. The filling largely consists of glutinous rice, pork hash, shrimp, shiitake mushrooms, bamboo shoots and onion.

Jiangnan shaomai

Shaomai prepared in the Jiangnan region (stretching from Shanghai to Nanjing) has a filling similar to zongzi from the region, containing marinated pork pieces in glutinous rice, soy sauce and Shaoxing wine, steamed with pork fat. It is larger than the Cantonese version.

The Shanghai variation also contains shiitake mushrooms and onion. The mince, mushrooms and onion are stir-fried before being prepared as the filling.

Uyghur shaomai

In northwest China, the Uyghur people of Xinjiang adapted shaomai into two regional varieties. The southern Xinjiang recipes differ slightly from the northern version in terms of ingredients and method. The filling of the northern version consists of mutton or beef, along with green onion and radish, whereas the southern filling primarily uses glutinous rice with smaller amounts of mutton or beef. Minced meat from sheep ribs containing some fat is ideal.

Jiangxi Yifeng shaomai

Called the Yifeng shaomai in the southeastern Jiangxi province, this version's distinct flavour comes from a blend of pork mince, bread flour, sesame seed powder, ground pepper and sugar. It is particularly popular in the area of Yifeng Tanshan Tianbao where it is one of the foods eaten during the Chinese New Year celebration.

Variants from other countries

Japanese shūmai

Japanese shūmai in a bamboo steamer

Shūmai in Japan usually use pork and minced onion as the main ingredients and are often topped with a green pea. While the meat filling in Chinese shaomai is usually minced, the meat filling in Japanese shumai is ground to a paste.

Hawaiian pork hash

Pork hash in Hawaii consists primarily of ground pork, sometimes with minced shrimp added. Lye is sometimes used to treat the pork to add a bouncy texture. Ginger, Chinese rice wine, soy sauce, sesame oil, and white pepper are common seasonings to the farce. Water chestnuts and carrots are sometimes added. The outer covering is made of a thin yellow or white dough. Pork hash in Hawaii is fairly large, often the size of a large chicken egg. It is often served with soy sauce mixed with hot mustard.

Indonesian siomay

Indonesian siomay is served with peanut sauce
Main article: Siomay

Siomay or siomai (sometimes called somay) in Indonesia is pronounced the same way as its sisters and is usually a wonton wrapper, stuffed with filling and steamed. It is also served with steamed potatoes, tofu, hard-boiled eggs, steamed bitter gourd and cabbages, all sliced and topped with peanut sauce and kecap manis (sweet soy sauce). Because the population of Indonesia is largely Muslim, Indonesian siomay rarely uses pork. Instead, it is often made from various fish, most commonly wahoo or mackerel tuna, other variants that uses shrimp or chicken is also popular in Indonesia. This variant is less common in Western countries.

Philippine siomai

Philippine siomai with calamansi and siling labuyo

Siomai ([ˈʃomaɪ]; Filipino: siyomay) in the Philippines is often ground pork, beef, shrimp, and the like. It is combined with extenders like garlic, green peas, carrots and among others which is then wrapped in wonton wrappers. It is commonly steamed, with a popular variant being fried, resulting in a crisp exterior. It is normally dipped in soy sauce with the juice of calamansi, a Philippine lime, and a chili-garlic oil is sometimes added to the sauce.

A recent variant on siomai is wrapped in sheets of laver after the wonton wrappers, which are marketed as "Japanese".

Thai khanom jeeb

Khanom jeeb or written as Khanom chip (Thai: ขนมจีบ; pronounced [kʰā.nǒm.t͡ɕìːp]) is a Thai version of shumai. Khanom jeeb is a Thai term that means "pleated snack", is a staple at Chinese restaurants and dim sum carts. However, there is another type of khanom jeeb that is considered to be a traditional Thai khanom jeeb, which is different from Chinese khanom jeeb. Thai khamon jeeb is mentioned in Kap He Chom Khrueang Khao Wan, a royal poem work of King Rama II from the early Rattanakosin period, more than 200 years ago. Thai khanom jeebs are wrapped in white flour similar to har gow and pleated to form a bird-like shape, hence they are also called "khanom jeeb nok" (ขนมจีบนก; pronounced [kʰā.nǒm.t͡ɕìːp nók]; lit "bird-shaped steamed dumplings) and they are not eaten with the sour soy sauce used for Chinese khanom jeebs. They are also eaten with lettuce and chili peppers, just like sakhu sai mu.

For Chinese khamom jeebs or shumei, in some southern provinces such as Phuket or Trang, the dipping sauce is different from other regions, namely, it is a reddish-brown and sweet sauce. Eating khanom jeebs with this dipping sauce is part of eating dim sum and is a common breakfast culture of Trang locals.

Vietnamese xíu mại

Bánh mì xíu mại

Xíu mại in Vietnam has minced pork, onion, scallion and shredded bread as the main ingredients and is cooked in tomato sauce. It is usually served in a roll of bánh mì for breakfast. Because the recipe omits dough wrappings, it is more akin to a meatball rather than shumai.

History

As described by historical materials, shaomai was served in tea houses as a secondary product. The name shaomai (捎賣; 捎卖), means the product was "sold as a sideline", with tea. It is considered to have been brought to Beijing and Tianjin by merchants from Shanxi, causing its later wide spread. The name was later transformed into modern forms like "燒麥; 烧麦", "稍美" and "燒賣; 烧卖", changing the characters while keeping the original shaomai pronunciation. The product was initially in the form of meat and vegetables wrapped in thin sheets, and was sold weighing only the wrapper, a tradition which is still kept in Hohhot.In 2021, "the craft of making Shaomai at Lao Suiyuan" was awarded as a non-material cultural heritage project in Hohhot.

Serving

Shaomai with chili oil
Fried siomai

In Hohhot, shaomai is commonly served as a staple food, especially for breakfast. It is considered a local specialty in regions around Huhhot. Steamed shaomai are served in bamboo steamer tiers, and fried shaomai are served in dishes.

Within the dim sum tradition of southern China, shaomai is one of the most standard dishes. It is generally served alongside har gow, another variety of steamed dumpling containing shrimp, cooked pork fat, bamboo shoots and scallions; collectively these are known as har gow-siu mai (蝦餃燒賣).

In Guangzhou, siu mai (燒賣) and har gow (蝦餃), along with char siu bao (叉燒包), and egg tarts (蛋撻), are considered the classic dishes of Cantonese dim sum cuisine. They are collectively referred to as the "Four Heavenly Kings" of the cuisine. (Chinese: 四大天王; pinyin: sì dà tiān wáng; Cantonese Yale: sei daaih tīn wòhng).

In food stalls in Indonesia, siomai (or "siomay" in local dialect) are eaten together with steamed vegetables and tofu, and served with spicy peanut sauce.

In Philippine food stalls and fast food restaurants, siomai is eaten with dip, toothpicks to facilitate handling, or with rice (using a spoon and fork).

See also

References

  1. ^ Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. (2005). The food of China: a journey for food lovers. Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-681-02584-4. p 38.
  2. Ho, Kelly (2021-05-23). "Love at first bite: Hong Kong's humble street food inspires an encyclopedia". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  3. ^ "烧麦的名称由来". news.ganji.com. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  4. 绥远通志稿. Inner Mongolia, China: 内蒙古人民出版社. 2010. ISBN 9787204090808.
  5. "鲜香入味的上海三丁烧卖附配方+做法_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  6. Le AndyCake法国蓝带厨师把美味分享给您 (2022-02-15). 香菇糯米烧卖的做法,老上海烧卖制作解说,上海美食,上海冬笋烧卖,香菇笋丁烧卖,椎茸シュウマイの作り方,shumai recipes,不用工具就能做出完美烧卖皮,名店烧卖商用做法看完一次就能开店. Retrieved 2024-09-09 – via YouTube.
  7. "宜丰烧卖介绍_宜春美食". m.cncn.com. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  8. Shimabukuro, Betty. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features". archives.starbulletin.com.
  9. "Grindz of the Day: Sing Cheong Yuan Bakery, Hawaiian Airlines 1st Class & Mai Tai's – Tasty Island". Tasty Island. 13 October 2016.
  10. "Pork Siomai with Shrimp". Amber's Menu. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  11. Praew (2024-10-14). "Kanom Jeeb (Thai Dumplings Recipe)". Hungry in Thailand. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  12. "ขนมจีบ (ไทย) ต้นตำรับจากขนมไส้หมูเจ้าครอกวัดโพธิ์ ของว่างโบราณอายุสองร้อยกว่าปี". Silpa Wattanatham (in Thai). 2024-10-14. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
  13. ""กำเจือง" น้ำจิ้มติ่มซำที่มีเฉพาะเมืองตรัง". Gourmet & Cuisine (in Thai). 2024-10-14. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  14. 绥远通志稿. Innermongolia, China: 内蒙古人民出版社. 2010. ISBN 9787204090808.
  15. "Hohhot shaomai included on national delicacy list". chinadaily.com. 2022.
  16. "Dim Sum, a Beginner's Guide to the Cantonese Cuisine". Honest Food Talks. 2020-02-05. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  17. "广州早茶"四大天王"有哪些?". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
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