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Stavropol Krai
Krai
Ставропольский край
FlagCoat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Stavropol Krai Anthem of Southern Russia (Unofficial)
Coordinates: 45°03′N 43°16′E / 45.050°N 43.267°E / 45.050; 43.267
Country	Russia
Federal district	North Caucasian
Economic region	North Caucasus
Administrative center	Stavropol
Government
• Body	Duma
• Governor	Vladimir Vladimirov
Area
• Total	66,160 km (25,540 sq mi)
• Rank	45th
Population
• Total	2,907,593 79.4% Russians 4.7% Armenians 2% Dargins 1.3% Romani people 0.8% Greeks 0.8% Nogais 6.8% other 4.2% not stated
• Estimate	2,800,674
• Rank	14th
• Urban	60.6%
• Rural	39.4%
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK )
ISO 3166 code	RU-STA
License plates	26, 126
OKTMO ID	07000000
Official languages	Russian
Website	http://www.stavregion.ru

Stavropol Krai (Russian: Ставропо́льский край, romanized: Stavropolʹskiy kray, IPA: [stəvrɐˈpolʲskʲɪj kraj]), also known as Stavropolye (Russian: Ставропо́лье, romanized: Stavropolye, IPA: [stəvrɐˈpolʲɪ̯ə]), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia, and is administratively part of the North Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol Krai has a population of 2,907,593, according to the 2021 Census.

Stavropol is the largest city and the capital of Stavropol Krai, and Pyatigorsk is the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District.

Stavropol Krai is bordered by Krasnodar Krai to the west, Rostov Oblast to the north-west, Kalmykia to the north, Dagestan to the east, and Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south. It is one of the most multi-ethnic federal subjects in Russia, with thirty-three ethnic groups with more than 2,000 persons each. The western area of Stavropol Krai is considered part of the Kuban region, the traditional home of the Kuban Cossacks, with most of the krai's population living in the drainage basin of the Kuban River.

Geography

The krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders with Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay–Cherkessia.

Climate

Most of Stavropol Krai experiences hot-summer humid continental climate (except for mountains). Winters are shorter and warmer than in most of Russia but still freezing and snowy: average January temperature is between −2 °C (28 °F) and −6 °C (21 °F). Summers are warm to hot with average July temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). Extremes range from −35 °C (−31 °F) in winter to 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. Average annual precipitation is 400 to 600 millimetres (16 to 24 in).

History

The krai was established as North Caucasus Krai on October 17, 1924. After undergoing numerous administrative changes, it was renamed Ordzhonikidze Krai (Орджоникидзевский край), after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, in March 1937, and Stavropol Krai on January 12, 1943.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the region (krai) was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Stavropol Krai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the Chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power).

In 1970–1978, Mikhail Gorbachev, a native of Stavropol Krai, occupied the position of the First Secretary of the Krai's Communist Party Committee. He left the region for Moscow in 1978, when he was promoted to a Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, to become the Party's General Secretary and the nation's leader 7 years later. The region was also native to Yuri Andropov, who was also leader of the Soviet Union for a short time.

Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai Administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Stavropol Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Stavropol Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as a guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Economy

Large companies in the region include Stavrolen, Arnest, Concern Enorgomera, Nevinomiskiy Azot, Stavropolskiy Gres.

Agriculture

Irrigated agriculture is well-developed in the region. As of the beginning of 2001, Stavropol Krai had 3,361 km of irrigation canals, of which 959 km were lined (i.e., had concrete or stone walls, rather than merely soil walls, to reduce the loss of water).

Among the major irrigation canals are:

• Nevinnomyssk Canal (Невинномысский канал), the trunk of the Kuban–Yegorlyk Irrigation System.
• The Great Stavropol Canal (Большой Ставропольский канал), transporting water from the Kuban River eastward across the entire krai.
• The Terek-Kuma Canal and Kuma–Manych Canal, transporting water from the Terek River via the Kuma River to the East Manych River.

Demographics

According to the 2021 Census the Krai's population was 2,907,593, up from 2,786,281 in the 2010 Census and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census. The population of the krai is concentrated in the drainage basins of the Kuban River and of the Kuma River, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). In modern Russia the Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered ethnic Russians, although their roots are in Ukraine (historically, their dialect was descended from that of Cherkasy). Other notable ethnic groups include Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni), Armeno-Tats, Pontic Greeks, Ukrainians, Turkmens as well as indigenous groups from the North Caucasian republics, especially from Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan.

Vital statistics for 2022:

• Births: 25,332 (9.1 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 33,865 (12.2 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.29 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 71.66 years (male — 67.68, female — 75.43)

Settlements

Largest cities or towns in Stavropol Krai 2010 Russian Census
	Rank		Administrative Division	Pop.
Stavropol Pyatigorsk	1	Stavropol	City of krai significance of Stavropol	398,539	Kislovodsk Nevinnomyssk
	2	Pyatigorsk	City of krai significance of Pyatigorsk	142,511
	3	Kislovodsk	City of krai significance of Kislovodsk	128,553
	4	Nevinnomyssk	City of krai significance of Nevinnomyssk	118,360
	5	Yessentuki	City of krai significance of Yessentuki	100,996
	6	Mineralnye Vody	Mineralovodsky District	76,728
	7	Georgiyevsk	Georgiyevsky District	72,153
	8	Mikhaylovsk	Shpakovsky District	70,981
	9	Budyonnovsk	Budyonnovsky District	64,624
	10	Izobilny	Izobilnensky District	40,555

Ethnic groups

The 2010 Census counted thirty-three ethnic groups of more than 2,000  persons each, making this federal subject one of the most multiethnic in Russia. The inhabitants identified themselves as belonging to more than 140 different ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:

Religion

According to a 2012 survey 46.9% of the population of Stavropol Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Muslims, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies, and 1% of the population adheres to Rodnovery or local native faiths. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 7.1% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

Administrative divisions

Stavropol Krai is administratively divided into twenty-six districts (raions) and ten cities/towns. The districts are further subdivided into nine towns of district subordinance, seven urban-type settlements, and 284 rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.

Notable people

• Yuri Andropov (1914–1984), the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022), the last President of the Soviet Union.
• Joseph Trumpeldor (1880–1920), early Zionist activist and organizer of the Jewish Legion.
• Fyodor Kulakov (1918–1978), a former Soviet governor of Stavropol Krai
• Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), a Russian poet, novelist, playwright, and painter.
• Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), a writer, author of The Gulag Archipelago, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
• Piotr Mikhailovich Skarżyński (1744–1805), A Russian Major General. He served in the cavalry units of the Russian army and he commanded the Buzhan Cossacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791, he showed heroism during the assault on Ochakov and the defense of the Kinburn fortress. He was awarded the Order of St. George.

References

Notes

1. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
2. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
3. Law #14
4. October 17, 1924 is the date of establishment of North Caucasus Krai, which underwent several renamings and administrative changes before stabilizing in its present borders.
5. ^ Charter of Stavropol Krai, Article 8
6. Official website of Stavropol Krai. Vladimir Vladimirovich Vladimirov, Governor of Stavropol Krai (in Russian)
7. "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
8. "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
9. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
10. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
11. Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
12. "Stavropol Territory Industries". investinregions.ru. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
13. ^ Общая информация О водных ресурсах края Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (General information about the water resources of the krai), from the regional government site. (in Russian)
14. Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
15. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
16. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики . 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
17. "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
18. "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
19. Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
20. "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
21. "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
22. ^ "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
23. 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
24. Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1911). "Lermontov, Mikhail Yurevich" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 484–485.
25. "Пионеры русского виноделия на Кавказе: Скаржинский".

Sources

• Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. №6-кз 12 октября 1994 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ставропольского края», в ред. Закона №132-кз от 2 декабря 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу (Основному Закону) Ставропольского края». Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №198–199, 14 октября 1994 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. #6-kz October 12, 1994 Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #132-kz of December 2, 2015 On the Amendments to the Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai. ).

External links

• News and events of Stavropol Krai
• Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). "Stavropol (government)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). p. 816.
• (in Russian) Official website of Stavropol Krai
• (in Russian) Stavropol Krai News Portal Archived February 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

v t e Administrative divisions of Stavropol Krai
Administrative center: Stavropol • Rural localities
	Districts	Alexandrovsky Andropovsky Apanasenkovsky Arzgirsky Blagodarnensky Budyonnovsky Georgiyevsky Grachyovsky Ipatovsky Izobilnensky Kirovsky Kochubeyevsky Krasnogvardeysky Kursky Levokumsky Mineralovodsky Neftekumsky Novoalexandrovsky Novoselitsky Petrovsky Predgorny Shpakovsky Sovetsky Stepnovsky Trunovsky Turkmensky
	Cities and towns	Blagodarny Budyonnovsk Georgiyevsk Ipatovo Izobilny Kislovodsk Lermontov Mikhaylovsk Mineralnye Vody Neftekumsk Nevinnomyssk Novoalexandrovsk Novopavlovsk Pyatigorsk Stavropol Svetlograd Yessentuki Zelenokumsk Zheleznovodsk
	Urban-type settlements	Andzhiyevsky Goryachevodsky Inozemtsevo Ryzdvyany Svobody Solnechnodolsk Zaterechny

v t e Countries and regions of the Caucasus
Abkhazia  Adjara  Adygea  Armenia  Azerbaijan  Chechnya  Dagestan  Georgia  Ingushetia  Kabardino-Balkaria  Kalmykia  Karachay-Cherkessia  Krasnodar Krai Nakhchivan  North Ossetia – Alania  South Ossetia  Stavropol Krai
Partially-recognized states

v t e Places adjacent to Stavropol Krai
Rostov Oblast  Kalmykia  Krasnodar Krai  Stavropol Krai  Karachay-Cherkessia  Kabardino-Balkaria and  North Ossetia-Alania  Chechnya and  Dagestan

• Stavropol Krai
• States and territories established in 1934
• 1934 establishments in Russia
• North Caucasus
• North Caucasian Federal District
• Countries and territories where Russian is an official language
• Krais of Russia