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Sulfur oxoacid

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Acid containing sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen

Sulfur oxoacids are chemical compounds that contain sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. The best known and most important industrially used is sulfuric acid. Sulfur has several oxoacids; however, some of these are known only from their salts (these are shown in italics in the table below). The acids that have been characterised contain a variety of structural features, for example:

  • tetrahedral sulfur when coordinated to oxygen
  • terminal and bridging oxygen atoms
  • terminal peroxo groups
  • terminal S=S
  • chains of (−S−)n
Acid Formula Formal oxidation number Structure Related anions Notes
Sulfuric acid H2SO4 +6 sulfuric Sulfate, SO
4 and hydrogen sulfate commonly known as bisulfate, HSO
4 		Best known and industrially significant.
Polysulfuric acids including disulfuric acid (pyrosulfuric acid) H2SO4·nSO3 +6 disulfuric Disulfate (commonly known as pyrosulfate), S
2O
7 and trisulfate, S
3O
10 		Pure disulfuric acid melts at 36 °C. Present in fuming sulfuric acid, oleum. Examples known for n = 1 and n = 2.
Peroxymonosulfuric acid H2SO5 +6 peroxymonosulfuric Peroxomonosulfate, OOSO
3 		"Caro's acid", a solid melting at 45 °C
Peroxydisulfuric acid H2S2O8 +6 peroxydisulfuric Peroxydisulfate, O
3SOOSO
3 		"Marshall's acid", a solid melting at 65 °C.
Dithionic acid H2S2O6 +5 dithionic Dithionate, O
3SSO
3 		Not isolated in pure form, only concentrated solutions have been prepared
Thiosulfuric acid H2S2O3 0 (for the terminal sulfur), +4 (for the central atom) thiosulfuric Thiosulfate, S
2O
3
Hydrogenthiosulfate HS
2O
3 (ammonium salt prepared in anhydrous methanol at −80 °C) 		Aqueous solutions decompose.
Disulfurous acid or pyrosulfurous acid H2S2O5 +5 (of the sulfur atom bonded to 3 oxygen atoms), +3 (of other sulfur atom) disulfurous Disulfite commonly known as metabisulfite, S
2O
5 		Not known.
Sulfurous acid H2SO3 +4 sulfurous Bisulfite, HSO
3 and sulfite, SO
3 		Not known.
Dithionous acid H2S2O4 +3 dithionous Dithionite, O
2SSO
2 		Not known.
Sulfoxylic acid H2SO2 +2 sulfoxylic Sulfoxylate, SO
2 		Free acid not known
Polythionic acid H2SxO6 0 (for the bridging S atoms), +5 (for the terminal central S atoms) polythionic Polythionates, O
3S(S
x−2)SO
3. Example trithionate, tetrathionate, pentathionate, hexathionate, heptathionate, octathionate, nonathionate, decathionate, undecathionate, dodecathionate, tridecathionate, and tetradecathionate. 		Examples known with x = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14.
Thiosulfurous acid H2S2O2 −1 (for the exterior sulfur atom ), +3 (for the central atom) Thiosulfites Not known
Dihydroxydisulfane H2S2O2 +1 hypodithionous Acid known

See also

References

  1. Raman spectroscopic discovery of the hydrogenthiosulphate anion, HSSO
    3, in solid NH4HS2O3     Steudel Rr.; Prenzel A Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 1989,44, 12, 1499-1502

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