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TOI-700 d

Artistic simulation of TOI-700 d, depicted here as a possible ocean planet. The actual appearance of the planet is not currently known.
Discovery
Discovered by	Emily Gilbert et al.
Discovery date	3 January 2020
Detection method	Transit
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	0.1633±0.0027 AU
Eccentricity	0.042+0.045 −0.030
Orbital period (sidereal)	37.42396+0.00039 −0.00035 d
Inclination	89.80°+0.12° −0.10°
Argument of perihelion	10°+120° −140°
Star	TOI-700
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	1.073+0.059 −0.054 R🜨
Mass	≙1.72+1.29 −0.63 ME
Temperature	Teq: 268.8 K (−4.3 °C; 24.2 °F)

TOI-700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

TOI-700 d orbits its star at a distance of 0.163 AU (24,400,000 km; 15,200,000 mi) from its host star with an orbital period of roughly 37.4 days and has a radius of around 1.19 times that of Earth. It has been estimated that the planet receives about 86% the energy that the Earth receives from the Sun.

It was discovered in early January 2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

Physical characteristics

Mass, radius and temperature

TOI-700 d is Earth-sized, an exoplanet that has a radius and mass similar to the Earth. It has a radius of about 1.07 R_🜨; its mass has not been measured, but is predicted to be around 1.72 M_E. If it has an Earth-like atmosphere, then its average temperature would be about 268.8 K (−4.3 °C; 24.2 °F). A small chance of a runaway greenhouse effect exists.

Host star

TOI-700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is about 40% the mass and radius, and very roughly 50% of the temperature of the Sun. The star is bright with low levels of stellar activity. Over the 11 sectors observed with TESS, the star does not show a single white-light flare. The low rotation rate is also an indicator of low stellar activity.

Orbit

TOI-700 d orbits its host star with an orbital period of 37.42 days. It has an orbital radius of about 0.163 AU (24.4 million km; 15.2 million mi), less than half of that of Mercury to the Sun in the Solar System. It receives about 86% of Earth's sunlight from its host star.

Habitability

TOI-700 d orbits in the habitable zone of its host star. The solar wind ram pressure and intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field are expected to be similar to the Earth's, therefore retention of the planetary atmosphere is likely.

History and discovery

TOI-700 d was discovered by a team of astronomers led by Emily Gilbert using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in early January 2020. This was the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by TESS.

See also

• Kepler-62f
• Kepler-186f
• Kepler-442b
• LHS 1140 b
• List of potentially habitable exoplanets
• Proxima Centauri b
• TRAPPIST-1 e

References

1. ^ Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Hord, Benjamin J.; Kostov, Veselin B.; Lopez, Eric D.; Rowe, Jason F.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Silverstein, Michele L. (3 January 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I: Validation of the TOI-700 System". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 116. arXiv:2001.00952. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..116G. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b2. S2CID 209862554.
2. ^ Gilbert, Emily A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; et al. (January 2023). "A Second Earth-Sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of the M Dwarf, TOI-700". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 944 (2): L35. arXiv:2301.03617. Bibcode:2023ApJ...944L..35G. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb599. S2CID 255570018.
3. ^ Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Zieba, Sebastian; Kreidberg, Laura; Morley, Caroline V.; Kane, Stephen R.; Spencer, Alton; Quinn, Samuel N.; Eastman, Jason D.; Cloutier, Ryan; Huang, Chelsea X. (3 January 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-Sized Planet from TESS. II: Spitzer Confirms TOI-700 d". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 117. arXiv:2001.00954. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..117R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b3. S2CID 209862553.
4. Andreolo, Claire; Cofield, Calla; Kazmierczak, Jeanette (6 January 2020). "NASA Planet Hunter Finds Earth-Size Habitable-Zone World". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
5. Garner, Rob (6 January 2020). "NASA Planet Hunter Finds Earth-Size Habitable-Zone World". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
6. ^ Wall, Mike (6 January 2020). "NASA's TESS Planet Hunter Finds Its 1st Earth-Size World in 'Habitable Zone'". Space.com. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
7. "[VIDEO] TOI 700d : une planète de la taille de la Terre découverte dans une "zone habitable"". midilibre.fr (in French). Retrieved 17 April 2020.
8. Suissa, Gabrielle; Wolf, Eric T.; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Fauchez, Thomas; Mandell, Avi M.; Arney, Giada; Gilbert, Emily A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Lopez, Eric; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vandenburg, Andrew (1 July 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. III: Climate States and Characterization Prospects for TOI-700 d". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 118. arXiv:2001.00955. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..118S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b4. S2CID 209862275.
9. Cohen, O.; Garraffo, C.; Moschou, S.; Drake, J.; Alvarado-Gomez, J.; Glocer, A.; Fraschetti, F. (2020). "The Space Environment and Atmospheric Joule Heating of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet TOI 700 D". The Astrophysical Journal. 897 (1): 101. arXiv:2005.11587. Bibcode:2020ApJ...897..101C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9637. S2CID 218869952.
10. Dong, Chuanfei; Jin, Meng; Lingam, Manasvi (2020). "Atmospheric Escape from TOI-700 d: Venus versus Earth Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 896 (2): L24. arXiv:2005.13190. Bibcode:2020ApJ...896L..24D. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab982f. S2CID 219558481.
11. "NASA's TESS Planet Hunter Finds Its 1st Earth-Size World in 'Habitable Zone'". Space.com. 7 January 2020.

External links

• TESS – Official WebSite
• NASA Exoplanet Archive System Overview page for TOI-700 d
• ExoFOP TIC 150428135 TOI-700 in the Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Program website

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Stars	Bayer α β γ δ ε ζ η η θ κ λ ν π π G Variable R (P) S WZ AB BB HR 1859 2102 HD 27274 28254 30177 33579 37836 37974 38282 269810 271182 Other B90 BAT99-7 BAT99-66 BAT99-68 BAT99-98 BAT99-104 BAT99-123 BI 253 Gliese 163 HE 0437-5439 HV 888 IRAS 05280–6910 LHA 120-S 79 LH 41-1042 LH 54-425 LMC195-1 MACHO 80.7443.1718 Melnick 34 Melnick 42 PSR J0523−7125 PSR J0537−6910 PSR J0540−6919 R85 R99 R136 a a1 a2 a3 b c R139 R145 SGR 0525−66 TOI-700 TOI-813 VFTS 102 VFTS 243 VFTS 352 VFTS 682 WASP-62 (Naledi) WOH G64
Exoplanets Gliese 163 c HD 28254 b HD 30177 b TOI-700 d e TOI-813 b TOI-4127 b
Star clusters	NGC 1712 1712 1755 1761 1763 1783 1806 1818 1820 1846 1847 1850 1852 1854/1855 1856 1858 1859 1860 1866 1868 1869 1871 1872 1873 1898 1901 1903 1910 1929 1935 1955 1969 1971 1974 1978 1983 1984 1994 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2027 2040 2070 2074 2100 2108 2164 2197 2241 2257 Other Hodge 301 LH 95
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Galaxies	NGC 1533 1549 1553 1566 1672 1892 1947 2082 Other Large Magellanic Cloud (partly in Mensa and Hydrus) LEDA 89996
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Astronomical events GRB 790305b SN 1987A
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