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Beijing, as the capital and one of the four municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a transport hub, with a sophisticated network of roads, railways and two major airports. Five completed ring roads encircle the city with nine expressways heading in virtually all compass directions, supplemented by eleven China National Highways.

Transport in the capital is overseen by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport.

Road network

Ring roads

The city is served by five completed ring roads. From the centre of the city outward, they are:

• 2nd Ring Road
• 3rd Ring Road
• 4th Ring Road
• 5th Ring Road
• 6th Ring Road

The "1st Ring" of Beijing refers to the historic tram route (now demolished) through Xidan, Ping'anli, Di'anmen, Beixinqiao, Dongdan and Tiananmen. No ring roads are built on this route but it is still called "1st Ring". From that on, ring road built on Beijing's historic city limit is called 2nd Ring.

Expressways

Main topic: Expressways of Beijing

Nine toll expressways link Beijing to its suburbs, outlying regions, and other cities; these are:

• Jingzang Expressway (Madian Bridge to Badaling and Yanqing District)
• Jingcheng Expressway (Connects Beijing to Chengde in Hebei province)
• Airport Expressway (Sanyuanqiao to Beijing Capital International Airport)
• Jingtong Expressway (Dawang Bridge – Tongzhou District)
• Jingha Expressway (Beiguan Roundabout – Yanjiao in Hebei province)
• Jingshen Expressway (Sifang Bridge – Shenyang)
• Jinghu Expressway (Runs from Beijing to Shanghai)
• Jingkai Expressway (Yuquanying–Yufa)
• Jingshi Expressway (Liuliqiao–Shijiazhuang)

China National Highways

Eleven China National Highway routes depart from Beijing in virtually all compass directions:

• China National Highway 101 (Dongzhimen–Chengde–Shenyang)
• China National Highway 102 (Chaoyangmen–Harbin)
• China National Highway 103 (Fenzhongsi–Tianjin–Tanggu)
• China National Highway 104 (Yongdingmen–Fuzhou)
• China National Highway 105 (Yongdingmen–Zhuhai–Macau)
• China National Highway 106 (Yuquanying–Guangzhou)
• China National Highway 107 (Guang'anmen–Shenzhen)
• China National Highway 108 (Fuxingmen–Kunming)
• China National Highway 109 (Fuchengmen–Lhasa)
• China National Highway 110 (Deshengmen–Yinchuan)
• China National Highway 111 (Dongzhimen–Heilongjiang province)

Traffic congestion

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2018)

Beijing as of 2011 has an estimated 5 million registered cars on its roads, so traffic congestion is widespread. Traffic in the city centre is often gridlocked and is only predicted to get worse as the number of vehicles on Beijing's roads increase. It is predicted by 2016 Beijing will have over 6 million cars on its roads. To combat congestion the local government has rapidly been building the subway system adding more lines and working towards doubling the length of the subway system by 2015. In addition to this they have decreased the cost of fares in an attempt to encourage more people to use public transport. In 2008 Beijing introduced restrictions on the number of cars on its roads in attempt to reduce congestion and pollution during the Olympic games period. They did this by adopting odd-even traffic restriction on alternative days. Cars with number plates ending with odd numbers were restricted one day and the next day cars with number plates ending with even numbers were restricted. Drivers who were unable to use their cars did not have to pay road or vehicle taxes, costing the city around 1.3 billion yuan. On Feb 21, 2022, Beijing experienced its worst traffic in five years due to the beginning of school and reserved Olympic lanes remaining closed to the public.

Urban public transportation

Beijing has an extensive public transportation network of buses, trolleybuses, suburban rail and a rapidly expanding subway system. In 2021, 76.5% of commuters used public transit in Beijing.

Beijing Subway

The Beijing Subway now has 23 lines, 678.2 km (421.4 mi) of lines and 394 stations in operation. Subway travel is generally fast, clean, economical and during peak periods congested. Currently about 12 million journeys are made on the subway every day. By 2020, the city predicts daily ridership will increase to over 18.5 million journeys a day. A ¥3 minimum fare that rises according to the distance travelled applies to all lines, except the Capital Airport Express (¥25) and the Daxing Airport Express (¥10 - ¥35). The electronic commuter fare card, Yikatong is accepted on all lines.

Beijing Suburban Railway

The Beijing Suburban Railway, a suburban commuter train service, is managed separately from the Beijing Subway. The two systems, although complementary, are not related to each other operationally. Beijing Suburban Railway is run as part of the China Railway Beijing Group.

There are 4 suburban railway lines currently in operation: Line S2, Sub-Central line, Huairou–Miyun line and Tongmi line.

Bus, Trolleybus and BRT

The Beijing Public Transport Holdings, Ltd. ("BPT") is the main bus and trolleybus operator in the city. It is owned by the city and, as of 2009, operated nearly 28,000 buses (including trolleybuses) on 882 bus routes and delivered 5.03 billion rides in 2009. in 2011, Beijing had more than 28,343 buses carrying over 13.39 million person/trips a day. Over 1,100 Dual-mode trolleybuses operate on 29 routes and is gradually being expanded to combat urban air pollution. BPT also currently operates 4 bus rapid transit lines.

Bus pass

The BPT offered month-long bus passes until 2006.

Bus enquiry services

The BPT provides enquiry services via both its official website http://www.bjbus.com and a helpline: +86-10-96166.

Taxi

Taxi fares depend on the vehicle type: these start at CNY 13 for the first 3 kilometers, and go up by CNY2.30 per extra kilometer; the per-kilometer charge is based upon the make and model of the vehicle. After 10 pm the base fare goes up by 20%. Idling time is also factored into the total fare, which is CNY2.30 (CNY4.60 during rush hours of 07:00−09:00 and 17:00−19:00) per 5 minutes of standing or running at speeds lower than 12 km/h (7.5 mph) . All legal cabs will be part golden yellow or all black in color, and display their permits and paperwork on the dash board and windshield.

There are also many illegal cabs known as 黑车 (heiche, meaning 'Black Cabs' as in "black market" or "illegal"), which operate via a pre-negotiated fare.

Taxi-like services, including Pedicabs, are also widely used. A motorized or manual bicycle is probably the most commonly seen form, although pedicabs are still available in certain parts of the city. These quaint modes of transport also employ the pre-negotiated fare system

In 1999, the environmentally unsound "bread cars" (Minivans) (mianbao che, a.k.a. miandi) were decommissioned in a stringent manner. They used to charge CNY 1 per kilometre. Although it was sound, budget-wise, their poor environmental record and an increasing consciousness of the image of the capital were the factors that landed them in the dumpster. As of 2004, 1.20 RMB/km taxicabs were phased out, and as of 2006 all taxi fares were 2.00 RMB per km with the same 10 RMB starting fare for 3 km rule. The Hyundai Elantra is the common new type of taxi, along with the Volkswagen Jetta CiF.

Intercity transportation

Air

Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing has two of the world's largest airports. Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK) is located in bordering Shunyi and being 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of the city center in Chaoyang. It is the second busiest airport in the world after Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. Capital Airport's Terminal 3, built during the expansion for the 2008 Olympics, is one of the largest in the world. Capital Airport is the main hub for Air China and Hainan Airlines. The Airport Expressway and Second Airport Expressway, connects to Capital Airport from the northeast and east of the city center, respectively. Driving time from city center is about 40 minutes under normal traffic conditions. The Capital Airport Express line of Beijing Subway and the Capital Airport Bus serves the Capital Airport.

Beijing Daxing International Airport

Beijing Daxing International Airport (IATA: PKX) located 46 kilometres (29 mi) south of the city in Daxing District bordering the city of Langfang, Hebei Province, opened on September 25, 2019. The Daxing Airport has one of the world's largest terminal buildings and is expected to be a major airport serving Beijing, Tianjin and northern Hebei Province. Daxing Airport is connected to the city via the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway, the Daxing Airport Express line of the Beijing Subway and two expressways.

Other airports

With the opening of the Daxing Airport in September 2019, the Beijing Nanyuan Airport (IATA: NAY), located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of city center in Fengtai District, has been closed to civilian airline service. Other airports in the city at Liangxiang, Xijiao, Shahe and Badaling are primarily for military use.

Visa requirements for air passengers

As of 1 January 2013, tourists from 45 countries are permitted a 72-hour visa-free stay in Beijing. The 45 countries include Singapore, Japan, the United States, Canada, all EU and EEA countries (except Norway and Liechtenstein), Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. The programme benefits transit and business travellers with the 72 hours calculated starting from the moment visitors receive their transit stay permits rather than the time of their plane's arrival. Foreign visitors are not permitted to leave Beijing for other Chinese cities during the 72 hours.

Trains

Stations

Beijing has four main railway stations: Beijing railway station, Beijing North railway station, Beijing West railway station, Beijing South railway station. The latter two are among the biggest railway stations in the world. Beijing Chaoyang railway station is a station for high-speed trains from the northeast. Other railway stations in urban Beijing include: Beijing East, Beijing Fengtai, Guang'anmen, Changping North. The Hepingli railway station is no longer in service.

Several more stations are under construction. Beijing Fengtai railway station will be a very large station in southwest Beijing with both high-speed and conventional services calling at it. Beijing Sub-Center railway station is situated in Tongzhou District and will be both a terminus and an intermediate station on multiple intercity lines.

Railways

Beijing is a major railway hub in China's railway network. The following eight major railways radiate out of Beijing:

• Jingguang Railway, to Guangzhou, Guangdong
• Jinghu Railway, to Shanghai
• Jingha Railway (includes Jingqin Railway), to Harbin, Heilongjiang
• Jingbao Railway, to Baotou, Inner Mongolia
• Jingtong Railway, to Tongliao, Inner Mongolia
• Jingyuan Railway, to Yuanping, Shanxi
• Jingcheng Railway, to Chengde, Hebei
• Jingjiu Railway, to Shenzhen, Guangdong (Jiu refers to Kowloon, in Hong Kong across the border).

The city also hosts a number of high speed railway lines:

• Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, to Tianjin
• Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway, to Shanghai
• Jingguang High-speed Railway, to Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Guangzhou, opening late 2012.

Further high speed connections being proposed include links to Shenyang, Tangshan, Zhangjiakou, Kowloon, Taipei, and Taiyuan.

International trains departing from Beijing

There are a number of cross-border international trains departing from Beijing to neighbouring countries. The Trans-Siberian train to Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia) and then onto Moscow (Russia) departs from Beijing. There are also trains to Pyongyang (North Korea) and Hanoi (Vietnam) which depart from Beijing. The trains also stop at other cities and towns along the route. International trains currently depart from Beijing West Railway Station and Beijing Railway Station. The following is a guide to the international services which depart Beijing.

• K3/4: Beijing to Moscow via Ulaanbaatar: Departs from Beijing Railway Station every Wednesday at 7:45 a.m.
• Z5/6: Beijing to Hanoi via Nanning: Departs from Beijing West Railway Station every Thursday and Friday at 4:08 p.m.
• K19/20: Beijing to Moscow: Departs from Beijing Railway Station every Saturday at 11:00 p.m.
• K23/24: Beijing to Ulaanbaatar: Departs from Beijing Railway Station every Saturday at 7:45 a.m.
• K27/28: Beijing to Pyongyang: Departs from Beijing Railway Station every Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday at 5:30 p.m.

• T97B/98B: Beijing to Kowloon: Through the Beijing–Guangzhou and the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railways. (Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. To cross the boundary between mainland China and Hong Kong, passengers have to go through immigration and customs checks, like international trains.)

See also

• Grand Canal of China
• Transport in the People's Republic of China

References

1. "Beijing Municipal Committee of Communication". Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
2. "Beijing Expressway Guide - Get in and out Beijing by car". www.beijing-travels.com.
3. "Beijing car ownership exceeds 5 mln". Archived from the original on February 7, 2013.
4. Mulvenney, Nick (19 Jun 2008). "Beijing to launch Olympic odd-even car ban in July". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
5. irenelovesya (2022-02-21). "Beijing Experienced Its Worst Traffic In Five Years Today". www.thebeijinger.com. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
6. ^ "北京"十四五"交通规划出炉 多条地铁将实现跨线运营-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
7. 李松. "Beijing's subway is going full bore - China - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2017-09-22.
8. "Statistics" bjbus.com Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2011-02-03
9. "北京快速公交1号线今年"梳起大辫子"-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
10. "Year to date Passenger Traffic". Airports Council International. 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
11. "Beijing Capital International Airport Expansion, Chaoyang District - Airport Technology". Airport Technology. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
12. 新华社 (2019-09-25). "北京大兴国际机场正式投运". 新浪网. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
13. 首都新机场跑道呈三纵一横分布 规划7条跑道. news.carnoc.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
14. "China plans to build world's biggest airport near Beijing". In.news.yahoo.com. 10 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
15. "Beijing grants three-day visa-free access". TTGmice. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
16. "Beijing 72-hour Visa-free" ChinaTour.Net Archived 18 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 6 June 2014
17. "China - International Trains". Archived from the original on 2010-02-19.

External links

• Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport

v t e Beijing
History Politics Geography Toponym
Administration	Districts Dongcheng Xicheng Chaoyang Haidian Fengtai Shijingshan Mentougou Fangshan Tongzhou Shunyi Changping Daxing Huairou Pinggu Miyun Yanqing Defunct Chongwen Xuanwu Yanshan Other Administrative divisions Township-level divisions Economic and technological development zones
Economy	Beijing central business district Beijing Financial Street National Equities Exchange and Quotations Beijing Stock Exchange Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area Wangjing Science and Technology Park China Beijing Equity Exchange China World Trade Center Guomao
Education	List of universities Beihang Normal Tsinghua Peking Renmin
Transportation	Ring roads Expressways Highways Subway Suburban Railway Bus Airports: Capital International, Daxing International Major railway stations: Beijing West, Beijing, Beijing South, Beijing North, Beijing East, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing Fengtai, Qinghe
Visitor attractions	Landmarks Major National Historical and Cultural Sites) List of hotels Museums Parks in Beijing Gardens in Beijing
Municipal Government	Administration of Prisons Commission of Education Public Security Bureau (Police Department) Archives Bureau
Category Commons

v t e Public transportation in Beijing
Beijing Subway	Lines in operation  1  -  Batong   2   3   4  -  Daxing   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   19   Yizhuang  (Line 24)  Fangshan  (Line 25)  Yanfang  (Line 25 South)  S1  (Line 26)  Changping  (Line 27)  Capital Airport  (Line 34)  Daxing Airport  (Line 35) Under construction  1  (Renovation on Fushouling station and Branch)  6  (South ext.) Line 13 split project ( 13A  &  13B )  17  (Middle section)  Pinggu  (Line 22 & 23)  28   Daxing Airport  (North ext.)  M101  Planned  3  (Phase 2)  7  (Phase 3)  11  (Phase 2)  12  (Phase 2)  15  (East ext.)  17  (Branch)  19  (Extension and Branch)  20  (Phase 1)  Lijin  (Line 25 Phase 3)  S6  (Line 21, Phase 1)
Trams in Beijing	Lines in operation  Qianmen   Xijiao   Yizhuang T1
CR S-train (Beijing Suburban Railway)	Lines in operation Sub-Central S2 Huairou–Miyun  Tongmi  Under construction  Jingmen–Menda   Northeast Ring   Yizhuang Benz
CR C/G-train (intercity railways)	Lines in operation  Beijing–Tianjin   Beijing–Xiong'an   Beijing–Tangshan   Beijing–Binhai   Beijing–Zhangjiakou  Under construction  Capital Airport–Daxing Airport  (Daxing Airport–Langfang section)
Other CR railways	Corridors  Beijing–Shanghai corridor   Beijing–Harbin, Beijing–Hong Kong (Macau)   Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei)   Beijing–Kunming   Beijing–Lanzhou  Major railways  Beijing–Harbin   Beijing–Guangzhou   Beijing–Kowloon   Beijing–Shanghai   Beijing–Baotou   Fengtai–Shacheng   Beijing–Yuanping   Beijing–Tongliao   Beijing–Chengde   Datong-Qinhuangdao
Other urban transit	Lines in operation Beijing Bus Beijing Bus Rapid Transit Beijing Capital Airport Bus Capital Airport Terminal 3 People Mover
Transportation hubs	Airports Beijing Capital (PEK) Beijing Daxing (PKX) Railway stations Beijing (BJP) Beijing West (BXP) Beijing South (VNP) Beijing North (VAP) Beijing East (BOP) Beijing Chaoyang (IFP) Beijing Fengtai (FTP) Qinghe (QIP) Beijing Sub-Center (Under construction)
China: AH BJ CQ FJ GD/HK/MO GS GX GZ HA HB HE HI HL HN JL JS JX LN NM NX QH SC SD SH SN SX TJ XJ XZ YN ZJ

v t e Roads and expressways of Beijing
Projected roads shown in italics
Ring roads	2nd 3rd 4th 5th (S50) 6th (G4501) Capital Area Loop (G95) National Highway 112
Chang'an Avenue (list of sections)	Shijingshan Road Fuxing Road Fuxingmen Outer Street Fuxingmen Inner Street West Chang'an Avenue East Chang'an Avenue Jianguomen Inner Street Jianguomen Outer Street Jianguo Road (side) / Jingtong Expressway (main)
Ping'an Avenue (list of sections)	Linglong Road Chegongzhuang West Road Chegongzhuang Street Ping'anli West Street Di'anmen West Street Di'anmen East Street Zhangzizhong Road Dongsi Shitiao Gongrentiyuchang North Road Nongzhanguan South Road Chaoyanggongyuan South Road Yaojiayuan Road Shigezhuang Road (side) / 2nd Airport Expressway (main)
Guang'an Avenue (list of sections)	Guang'an Road (side) / G4 Beijing - Hong Kong/Macau Expressway (main) Guang'anmen Outer Street Guang'anmen Inner Street Luomashi Street Zhushikou West Street Zhushikou East Street Guangqumen Inner Street Guangqumen Outer Street Guangqu Road
Central Axis (list of sections)	Beichen Road Gulou Outer Street Old Gulou Street Di'anmen Outer Street Di'anmen Inner Street (Split into west and east part near Jingshan, Palace Museum and Tian'anmen Square) Qianmen Street Tianqiao South Street Yongdingmen Inner Street Yongdingmen Outer Street Nanyuan Road (Nanyuan Airport to be demolished) Nanzhongzhou Road (Provincial Highway S228)
Qiansanmen Avenue (list of sections)	Lianshi West Road Lianshi East Road Lianhuachi West Road Lianhuachi East Road Xuanwumen West Street Xuanwumen East Street Qianmen West Street Qianmen East Street Chongwenmen West Street Chongwenmen East Street Tonghui River North Road (side) / Tonghui River North Express (main)
Xuanwumen Avenue (list of sections)	Zhixin East Road Huayuan East Road Beitaipingzhuang Road Xinjiekou Outer Street Xinjiekou North Street Xinjiekou South Street Xisi North Street Xisi South Street Xidan North Street Xuanwumen Inner Street Xuanwumen Outer Street Caishikou Street Kaiyang Road Majiabao West Road Huaifang West Road
Chongwenmen Avenue (list of sections)	Beiyuan Road Huixin West Street Yinghuayuan West Street Hepingli West Street Yonghegong Street Dongsi North Street Dongsi South Street Dongdan North Street Chongwenmen Inner Street Chongwenmen Outer Street Tiantan East Road Puhuangyu Road Liuxiang Road Dexian Road G3 Third Beijing-Tianjin Corridor
Other	Fengti South Road - Lize Road G109 - Fushi Road - Fucheng Road - Fuchengmen Outer Street - Fuchengmen Inner Street Chaoyangmen Inner Street - Chaoyangmen Outer Street - Chaoyang Road - Tongzhou - Yanjiao Expressway Xishiku Street - Deshengmen Inner Street - Deshengmen Outer Street - G6 Andingmen Inner Street - Andingmen Outer Street - Anding Road - Anli Road - Litang Road Caihuying South Road - G45 (To Kaifeng/Guangzhou) Xizhimen Outer Road - Xueyuan Road - Xueqing Road Zizhuyuan Road - Xingshikou Road Wanquanhe Road - Yongfeng Road Huilongguan-Shangdi Bicycle Lane (cycleway)
Expressways	National Expressways G1 Beijing-Shenyang G0121 Beijing-Qinhuangdao G2 Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu G3 Third Beijing-Tianjin Corridor G4 Beijing-Shijiazhuang G5 Second Beijing-Shijianzhuang Corridor G6 Badaling G7 Beijing-Baotou G45 Beijing-Kaifeng/Beijing-Chengde G4501 6th Ring Road G95 Capital Area Loop Sections of National Highways G101 Beijing-Miyun (partially upgraded) G102 Tongzhou-Yanjiao G103 Beijing-Tongzhou G106 Beijing-Kaifeng G109 Beijing-Lanzhou (not yet upgraded) Regional expressways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area S3201 Beijing-Pinggu-Jizhou S3301 Second Beijing-Tianjin Corridor S3501 Expressway for 2nd Airport S3701 Beijing-Yuxian S3801 Beijing-Chongli S3300 Northern 2nd Airport Beijing-Xiong'an Local expressways S11 Beijing-Chengde S12 Airport S15 Second Beijing-Tianjin Corridor S26 Changping-Pinggu S28 Northern Airport S32 Beijing-Pinggu S37 Expressway for 2nd Airport S41 Miyun-Caiyu S46 Beijing-Tongzhou - Tongzhou-Yanjiao Connection S50 5th Ring Road S51 Airport 2nd S66 Beijing-Kunming Connection S76 Yanjiao-Caiyu S80/G95 Miyun-Zhuozhou
National Highways	G101 Beijing-Liaoning G102 Beijing-Harbin-(Fuyuan) G103 Beijing-Tanggu(Binhai New Area) G104 Beijing-Fuzhou-(Pingtan) G105 Beijing-Zhuhai-(Macau) G106 Beijing-Guangzhou G107 Beijing-Shenzhen-(Hong Kong) G108 Beijing-Kunming G109 Beijing-Lhasa G110 Beijing-Yinchuan-(Qingtongxia) G111 Beijing-Jiagedaqi-(Mohe) G112 Beijing Ring G230 Tonghua-Wuhan G234 Xinglong-Yangjiang G335 Chengde-Tacheng G509 Tongzhou-Jingtang Port

• Transport in Beijing
• Transport in China