43°44′41.20″N 7°24′06.49″E / 43.7447778°N 7.4018028°E / 43.7447778; 7.4018028
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The Tropaeum Alpium (English: Trophy of the Alps; French: Trophée des Alpes) is a Roman trophy (tropaeum) celebrating the emperor Augustus's decisive victory over the tribes who populated the Alps. The monument's ruins are in La Turbie (France), a few kilometers from the Principality of Monaco.
Construction
The Trophy was built c. 7 BC in honor of Augustus to celebrate his definitive victory over the 45 tribes who populated the Alps. The Alpine populations were defeated during the military campaign to subdue the Alps conducted by the Romans between 16 and 7 BC.
The monument was built of stone from the Roman quarry located about 800 metres (2,600 ft) away, where traces of sections of carved columns are visible in the stone.
The monument as partially restored is 35 metres (115 ft) high. When built, according to the architect, the base measured 35 metres (115 ft) in length, the first platform 12 metres (39 ft) in height, and the rotunda of 24 columns with its statue of an enthroned Augustus is 49 metres (161 ft) high.
Inscription
One of the stones of the tower contained the names of the tribes. The inscription was only preserved in fragments, but could be reconstructed thanks to the transcription of Pliny the Elder, albeit with minor corrections. It reads:
To the emperor Caesar Augustus, son of the deified , Pontifex Maximus, hailed as Imperator for the 14th time, in his 17th year of tribunician power, the Senate and people of Rome , in commemoration that, under his leadership and auspices, all the Alpine peoples, from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, were submitted to the Imperium of the Roman People. Conquered Alpine peoples:
|
· TRUMPILINI |
· VINDELICI: |
· LEPONTII |
· BRIGIANI |
· ECDINI |
Later life
The monument originally served no military purpose and contained no fortress. Rather, it marked the boundary between Italy and Gallia Narbonensis, later moved to the Var River. Between the 12th and 15th centuries, however, the Trophy did become a fortress, with locals building houses around its walls. In 1705, when war broke out between Savoy and France during the War of the Spanish Succession, Louis XIV ordered the destruction of all fortresses in the region, including this one. The partially destroyed Trophy then became a quarry and its stones were used, among other things, to build the nearby church of Saint-Michel.
The monument was partially restored in 1929 with funds from American philanthropist Edward Tuck.
Nearby Roman remains
The Tropaeum is located on the Via Julia Augusta, a Roman road named after Augustus which was built as an extension of the Via Aurelia, and which linked the settlements of Album Intimilium (modern Ventimiglia) and Cemenelum (present-day Cimiez in Nice). Various fountains within the territory of the communes of Beausoleil and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin are also said to be Roman.
Museums
The Edward Tuck Museum on the site of the Trophy includes fragments, plaster molds, old photographs documenting the monument and its reconstruction. It was built in 1929 and renovated in 2011.
It also includes a 1:20 scale model of the reconstructed Trophy. Another 1:20 scale model is found in Room IX of the Museo della Civiltà Romana in Rome.
See also
References
- Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, book III, 24.
- Jules Formigé: La dédicace du Trophée des Alpes (La Turbie). In: Gallia. Vol. 13, 1955, No. 1, p. 101—102.
- Commander-in-chief.
- Dating the monument to 6 or 7 BCE
- Sovereignty.
- CIL V, 07817 =AE 1973, 323: Original Latin reads - IMP · CAESARI DIVI FILIO AVG · PONT · MAX · IMP · XIIII · TR · POT · XVII · S · P · Q · R · QVOD EIVS DVCTV AVSPICIISQVE GENTES ALPINAE OMNES QVAE A MARI SVPERO AD INFERVM PERTINEBANT SVB IMPERIVM P · R · SVNT REDACTAE · GENTES ALPINAE DEVICTAE :
- ^ Visitor information card (in French)
- "Room XI: Augustus", Museo della Civiltà Romana