The Genauni (Gaulish: *Genaunoi, earlier *Gēnomnoi, 'the natives') or Genaunes were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern valley of the Inn river, in Tyrol, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Name
They are mentioned as Genaunos by Horace (1st c. BC), as Genaúnōn (Γεναύνων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as Genaunes by Pliny (1st c. AD).
The ethnic name Genauni is a latinized form of Gaulish *Genaunoi (sing. Genaunos), which can be translated 'the natives'. It stems from an earlier form *Géno-mnoi, based on the stem gen(o)- ('descendants, family').
Geography
The Genauni lived in the eastern valley of the Inn river, in Raetia. Their territory was located north of the Focunates, east of the Breuni, south of the Estiones, Licates and Cosuanetes, west of the Vennones.
History
They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.
References
- Horace. Carm., 4:14:10.
- Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:3:3.
- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:20.
- de Bernardo Stempel 2015, p. 88.
- Anreiter 1997, pp. 8–9, 173.
- Dietz 2006.
- Talbert 2000, Map 19: Raetia.
Primary sources
- Pliny (1938). Natural History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674993648.
- Strabo (1923). Geography. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Jones, Horace L. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674990562.
Bibliography
- Anreiter, Peter (1997). Breonen, Genaunen und Fokunaten: vorrömisches Namengut in den Tiroler Alpen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft. ISBN 978-963-8046-18-5.
- de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2015). "Zu den keltisch benannten Stämmen im Umfeld des oberen Donauraums". In Lohner-Urban, Ute; Scherrer, Peter (eds.). Der obere Donauraum 50 v. bis 50 n. Chr. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-7329-0143-2.
- Dietz, Karlheinz (2006). "Genauni". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e421340.
- Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.
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