Misplaced Pages

Union Square
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
New York State Register of Historic Places
Union Square seen from 14th Street in May 2010
Location	Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Coordinates	40°44′08″N 73°59′26″W / 40.73556°N 73.99056°W / 40.73556; -73.99056
Built	1882 (laid out c. 1832)
Architect	Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, et al.
NRHP reference No.	97001678
NYSRHP No.	06101.009534
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	December 9, 1997
Designated NHL	December 9, 1997
Designated NYSRHP	December 9, 1997

Union Square is a historic intersection and surrounding neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City, United States, located where Broadway and the former Bowery Road – now Fourth Avenue – came together in the early 19th century. Its name denotes that "here was the union of the two principal thoroughfares of the island". The current Union Square Park is bounded by 14th Street on the south, 17th Street on the north, and Union Square West and Union Square East to the west and east respectively. 17th Street links together Broadway and Park Avenue South on the north end of the park, while Union Square East connects Park Avenue South to Fourth Avenue and the continuation of Broadway on the park's south side. The park is maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Adjacent neighborhoods are the Flatiron District to the north, Chelsea to the west, Greenwich Village to the southwest, East Village to the southeast, and Gramercy Park to the east. Many buildings of The New School are near the square, as are several dormitories of New York University. The eastern side of the square is dominated by the four Zeckendorf Towers, and the south side by the full-square-block mixed-use One Union Square South, which contains a wall sculpture and digital clock titled Metronome. Union Square Park also contains an assortment of art, including statues of George Washington, Marquis de Lafayette, Abraham Lincoln, and Mahatma Gandhi.

Union Square is part of Manhattan Community District 5 and its primary ZIP Code is 10003. It is patrolled by the 13th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. The New York City Subway's 14th Street–Union Square station, served by the 4, ​5, ​6, <6>​, L​, N, ​Q, ​R, and ​W trains, is located under Union Square.

History

Development

Prior to the area's settlement, the area around present-day Union Square was farmland. The western part of the site was owned by Elias Brevoort, who later sold his land to John Smith in 1762; by 1788 it had been sold again to Henry Spingler (or Springler). On the eastern part of the land were farms owned by John Watts and Cornelius Williams. The northwestern corner of the park site contained 1 acre (0.40 ha) of land owned by the Manhattan Bank, which supposedly was a "refuge" for businesses during New York City's yellow fever epidemics.

When John Randel was surveying the island in preparation for the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, the Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) angled away from the Bowery at an acute angle. Because it would have been difficult to develop buildings upon this angle, the Commissioners decided to form a square at the union. In 1815, by act of the state legislature, this former potter's field became a public commons for the city, at first named Union Place. Union Place originally was supposed to extend from 10th to 17th Streets. Several city officials objected that Union Place was too large and requested that it be "discontinued", and in 1814, the New York State Legislature acted to downsize the area by making 14th Street the southern boundary.

Mid-to-late 19th century

Residential neighborhood

In 1831, at a time when the city was quickly expanding and the surrounding area was still sparsely developed, Samuel Ruggles, one of the founders of the Bank of Commerce and the developer of Gramercy Park to the northeast, convinced the city to rename the area "Union Square". In doing so, Ruggles also got the city to enlarge the commons to 17th Street on the north and extend the axis of University Place to form the square's west side, thus turning the common from a triangular to a rectangular area. By 1832, the area had been renamed Union Square. Ruggles obtained a fifty-year lease on most of the surrounding lots from 15th to 19th Streets, where he built sidewalks and curbs. In 1834, he convinced the Board of Aldermen to enclose and grade the square, then sold most of his leases and in 1839 built a four-story house facing the east side of the Square. The park at Union Square was completed and opened in July 1839.

A fountain was built in the center of Union Square to receive water from the Croton Aqueduct, completed in October 1842. In 1845, as the square finally began to fill with affluent houses, $116,000 was spent in paving the surrounding streets and planting the square, in part owing to the continued encouragement of Ruggles. The sole survivors of this early phase, though they have been much adapted and rebuilt, are a series of three- and four-story brick rowhouses, 862–866 Broadway, at the turn where Broadway exits the square at 17th Street. The Everett House on the corner of 17th Street and Fourth Avenue (built 1848, demolished 1908) was for decades one of the city's most fashionable hotels. In the early years of the park, a fence surrounded the square's central oval planted with radiating walks lined with trees. In 1872, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were called in to replant the park, as an open glade with clumps of trees.

Initially, the square was largely residential: the Union League Club first occupied a house loaned for the purpose by Henry G. Marquand at the corner of 17th Street and Broadway. After the Civil War the neighborhood became largely commercial, and the square began to lose social cachet at the turn of the twentieth century, with many of the old mansions being demolished. Tiffany & Co., which had moved to the square from Broadway and Broome Street in 1870, left its premises on 15th Street to move uptown to 37th Street in 1905; the silversmiths Gorham Company moved up from 19th Street in 1906. The last of the neighborhood's free-standing private mansions, Peter Goelet's at the northeast corner of 19th Street, made way for a commercial building in 1897.

The Rialto

The Rialto, New York City's first commercial theater district, was located in and around Union Square beginning in the 1870s. It was named after Venice's Rialto, a commercial district. The first facility to open within the Union Square Rialto was the Academy of Music, which opened at Irving Place in 1854. The theater district gradually relocated northward, into less expensive and undeveloped uptown neighborhoods, and eventually into the current Theater District.

Before the Civil War, theatres in New York City were primarily located along Broadway and the Bowery up to 14th Street, with those on Broadway appealing more to the middle and upper classes and the Bowery theatres attracting immigrant audiences, clerks and the working class. After the war, the development of the Ladies' Mile shopping district along Fifth and Sixth Avenues above 14th Street had the effect of pulling the playhouses uptown, so that a "Rialto" theatrical strip came about on Broadway between 14th and 23rd Streets, between Union Square and Madison Square.

At the same time, a transition from stock companies, in which a resident acting company was based around a star or impresario, to a "combination" system, in which productions were put together on a one-time basis to mount a specific play, expanded the amount of outside support needed to service the theatrical industry. Thus, suppliers of props, costumes, wigs, scenery, and other theatrical necessities grew up around the new theatres. The new system also needed an organized way to engage actors for these one-off productions, so talent brokers and theatrical agents sprang up, as did theatrical boardinghouses, stage photographers, publicity agencies, theatrical printers and play publishers. Along with the hotels and restaurants which serviced the theatregoers and shoppers of the area, the Union Square Rialto was, by the end of the century, a thriving theatrical neighborhood, which would soon nonetheless migrate uptown to what became known as "Broadway" as the Rialto became subsumed into the more vice-oriented Tenderloin entertainment district.

Early 20th century

Office and wholesale district

By the first decade of the 20th century, Union Square had grown into a major transportation hub with several elevated and surface railroad lines running nearby, and the New York City Subway's 14th Street–Union Square station having opened in 1904. With the northward relocation of the theater district, Union Square also became a major wholesaling district with several loft buildings, as well as numerous office buildings. The office structures included the Everett Building, erected at the northwest corner of Park Avenue South and 17th Street in 1908; the Germania Life Insurance Company Building, erected at the northeast corner of the same intersection in 1910–1911; and the Consolidated Edison Building, constructed three blocks south at 14th Street between 1910 and 1914. Existing houses were also converted into stores, including a pair of merchants' houses on the east side of the park at 16th Street in 1916.

During this era, many of the older homes on Union Square were converted into tenements for immigrants and industrial workers. Numerous artists relocated into the attics of the remaining mansions along 14th Street, where they had their studios. The 1939 WPA Guide to New York City said that by the 1920s, the "south side of Fourteenth Street became virtually an ex-tension of Greenwich Village". Further, real estate values around Union Square had declined by the 1920s, with "burlesque houses, shooting galleries, and shoddy businesses" lining the square. Throughout the decade, most buildings on the eastern part of the square were purchased by department stores S. Klein and Ohrbach's. Real estate activity resumed in the late 1920s, and according to a 1928 piece in The New York Times, “several smaller operations are planned or are under way in the neighborhood". By then, at least eight banks had opened locations on the western and eastern sides of the park.

1910s and 1920s renovation

City officials announced in 1910 that they would install a firefighters' memorial near the northern end of the park. The same year, there was a failed proposal to construct a courthouse within the park. As part of the Dual Contracts, workers began constructing the 14th Street–Union Square station, on the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company's Broadway Line, under the park in 1913. The station was built using an open cut method, and a 120-foot-wide (37 m) strip of land, running diagonally through Union Square Park, was closed and excavated. By late 1913, large portions of Union Square Park had been demolished as part of the construction of the Broadway Line's Union Square station. New York City's parks commissioner promised members of the public that the park would be remodeled after the station was finished. The station had been completed by early 1916, and workers began restoring the section of Union Square Park above the 14th Street station.

The city's park commissioner Francis D. Gallatin proposed relocating the park's Washington, Lincoln, and Lafayette statues in 1922 to bring the Washington statue closer to the center of the park. A group of sculptors approved his proposal the same month. In 1927, the Municipal Art Society approved plans for a renovation of the park, which was to include a covered parking area at the north end of the park.

To make way for a further expansion of the Union Square subway station, the park was raised by about 3 feet (0.91 m) as part of a renovation during the late 1920s. The plans, announced in June 1929, also included relocating several statues and building a concert plaza with a bandstand at the park's northern end. There were also plans to relocate the Washington statue to Washington Square Park, although this proposal was opposed. Although the city decided to keep the Washington statue in Union Square Park, the statue was relocated to the southeast corner to make way for a flagpole honoring former Tammany Hall leader Charles F. Murphy. Landscaping of the park was delayed by the construction of the subway mezzanine below it. The park's renovation was nearly completed by mid-1931; the last construction contract, for the bandstand, was awarded that August. After building the bandstand, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation could not afford to landscape the park. As a result, civic groups started landscaping the park for free in June 1932.

Late 20th century

Most of the neighborhood's largest retailers, such as Ohrbach's and Hearn's, had relocated by the 1950s, and the area began to decline. One of the last major retailers on Union Square, S. Klein, closed in 1975. The S. Klein site remained vacant until 1983, when William Zeckendorf leased the site for the Zeckendorf Towers development. The New York Times wrote at the time, "The former S. Klein store, boarded up since 1975, is a melancholy monument to a once-thriving commercial district."

In 1982, a $1.5 million refurbishment of Union Square Park was announced. At the time, the park was frequented by drug users because of its tall hedges, and many of the benches, lights, and statues had been vandalized. The first phase of the renovation, which cost $3.6 million, was completed in May 1985. The renovations included removing hedges, increasing lighting, and erecting new subway entrances. The renovation of Union Square, along with the construction of the Zeckendorf Towers, caused real-estate values in the area to increase. By 1987, there were plans to close off two blocks of the little-used Union Square West to make way for an expansion of the park. This plan was not carried out at the time due to a lack of funds. When the idea of closing Union Square West was again proposed in 1996, local business owners opposed the proposal because the park had become extremely popular, causing vehicular traffic in the neighborhood to increase significantly. Union Square was named a National Historic Landmark in 1997, primarily to honor it as the site of the first Labor Day parade. Mayor Rudy Giuliani announced plans in early 1998 to spend $2.6 million on expanding the park, following advocacy from area residents. The expansion consisted of a pocket park in a traffic island at the southeast corner of Union Square, which was completed in 2000.

21st century

Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Union Square became a primary public gathering point for mourners. People created spontaneous candle and photograph memorials in the park and vigils were held to honor the victims. At the time, non-emergency vehicles were temporarily banned and pedestrian travel was restricted in Lower Manhattan below 14th Street.

In March 2008, an eighteen-month renovation began on the northern end of the park. The renovation was controversial because of disagreements over whether to place a restaurant in the pavilion at the north end of the park. A New York Supreme Court judge approved the renovation of the park's north end in April 2008 but placed an injunction temporarily banning the city from renovating the pavilion. In early 2009, a judge dismissed the lawsuit against the renovation, allowing a seasonal restaurant in the pavilion. CMS Architecture and Design was hired in 2011 to design the restaurant in the pavilion. The Pavilion restaurant opened in Union Square Park in May 2014, following years of disputes.

In 2021, the Union Square Partnership proposed spending $100 million to overhaul Union Square. The plan entailed closing off adjacent streets to increase the park's size by 33%, as well as adding benches and lighting, improving restrooms, and refurbishing a dog run in the park itself.

Surrounding buildings

There are several notable buildings surrounding Union Square. Clockwise from southwest, they are:

• Lincoln Building at Union Square West and 14th Street, a city landmark that is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
• Spingler Building (also Springler Building) at 5–9 Union Square West
• 15 Union Square West (former Tiffany & Co. Building)
• Bank of the Metropolis at 31 Union Square West, a city landmark and a NRHP listing
• Decker Building at 33 Union Square West, a city landmark and a NRHP listing
• Century Building (Barnes & Noble) at 33 East 17th Street, on the north side of Union Square, a city landmark and a NRHP listing
• Everett Building at 45 East 17th Street, on the north side of Union Square, a city landmark
• W New York Union Square (former Germania Life Insurance Company Building) at 50 Union Square East/105 East 17th Street, a city landmark and a NRHP listing
• 44 Union Square East (former Tammany Hall Building), a city landmark
• Daryl Roth Theatre (former Union Square Savings Bank) at 20 Union Square East, a city landmark
• Zeckendorf Towers at 1 Union Square East, a condominium complex on the former site of the bargain-priced department store S. Klein
• One Union Square South (Davis Brody Bond, 1999), features a kinetic wall sculpture and digital clock expelling bursts of steam, titled Metronome.

In addition, the Consolidated Edison Building is located one block east of the Zeckendorf Towers. The Century Association clubhouse is located on 15th Street between Irving Place and Union Square East.

Art and sculpture

Union Square contains a large equestrian statue of U.S. President George Washington, modeled by Henry Kirke Brown and unveiled in 1856. Located at the south end of the park, it was the first public sculpture erected in New York City since the equestrian statue of George III in 1770, and the first American equestrian sculpture cast in bronze.

The Marquis de Lafayette, at Union Square East and 16th Street, was modeled by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated in 1876, the 100th anniversary of U.S. independence.

The statue of Abraham Lincoln, modeled by Henry Kirke Brown (1870), is located near the north end of the park.

A statue of Mahatma Gandhi in the southwest corner of the park was added in 1986.

The Union Square Drinking Fountain (1881) near Union Square West, also known as the James Fountain, is a Temperance fountain with the figure of Charity who empties her jug of water, aided by a child. It was donated by Daniel Willis James and sculpted by Adolf Donndorf.

The Charles F. Murphy Memorial Flagpole, also known as the Independence Flagstaff, was cast in 1926 and dedicated in 1930 to mark the 150th anniversary of U.S. independence. It is located in the center of the park.

In October 2023, an outdoor version of the sculpture N.Y.C. Legend by the Swedish artist Alexander Klingspor, featuring a New York sewer alligator, was unveiled in the square by Queen Silvia of Sweden.

A double line of trees is planted along 17th Street, and a corresponding plaque installed nearby, as a monument to victims of the Armenian genocide.

Greenmarkets and businesses

Public markets

In 1976, the Council on the Environment of New York City (now GrowNYC) established the Greenmarket program, which provided regional small-family farmers with opportunities to sell their fruits, vegetables and other farm products at open-air markets in the city. There were originally seven farmers at the first Greenmarket, and their selection sold out by noon. That summer, two more markets opened in New York City. Despite some backlash from local merchants and supermarkets who believed the Greenmarket was cutting into their profits, more markets opened in the city.

Today, the Union Square Greenmarket, the best known of the markets, is held year-round on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays between 8 am and 6 pm. The market is served by a number of regional farmers, as the average distance between farmers and the market is 90 miles (140 km). During peak seasons, the Greenmarket serves more than 250,000 customers per week, who purchase more than one thousand varieties of fruits and vegetables can be found at the Greenmarket; and the variety of produce available is much broader than what is found in a conventional supermarket.

Union Square hosts the Union Square Holiday Market every November and December, in which more than 150 vendors sell handcrafts. Around two million people visit the Holiday Market annually. Starting in 2024, UrbanSpace also hosted the Night Market food market in Union Square during the summer.

Businesses

Union Square is a popular meeting place, given its central location in Manhattan and its many nearby subway routes. There are many bars and restaurants on the periphery of the square, and the surrounding streets have some of the city's most renowned (and expensive) restaurants. S. Klein's department store promoted itself in the mid-20th century as an "On the Square" alternative to higher prices uptown, and late in the century several big-box chain stores established a presence, including Barnes & Noble in the Century Building, Babies "R" Us in the former United States Communist Party headquarters, and Staples in the Spingler Building.

The W New York Union Square, part of the W Hotels chain, is located at the park's northeast corner, in the former Guardian Life building. Additionally, the Hyatt Union Square New York hotel is located at the park's southeast corner, in a former post office.

Cultural impact

Social and political activism

The park has historically been the start or the end point for many political demonstrations. Although the park was known for its labor union rallies and for the large 1861 gathering in support of Union troops, it was actually named for its location at the "union" of Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) and the former Bowery Road decades before these gatherings. On April 20, 1861, soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, Major Robert Anderson, who was the commander of Fort Sumter brought the Fort Sumter Flag that flew at the fort to the park. The flag was flown from the George Washington statue, gathering patriotic rally of perhaps a quarter of a million people that is thought to have been the largest public gathering in North America up to that time. The flag was shortly removed after to be used as a patriotic fundraiser by being auctioned across the country repeatedly. In the summer of 1864 the north side of the square was the site of the Metropolitan Fair.

Union Square has been a frequent gathering point for radicals of all stripes to make speeches or demonstrate. In 1865, the recently formed Irish republican Fenian Brotherhood came out publicly and rented Dr. John Moffat's brownstone rowhouse at 32 East 17th Street, next to the Everett House hotel facing the north side of the square, for the capitol of the government-in-exile they declared. On September 5, 1882, in the first Labor Day celebration, a crowd of at least 10,000 workers paraded up Broadway and filed past the reviewing stand at Union Square. On March 28, 1908, an anarchist set off a bomb in Union Square which only killed himself and another man.

In 1893, Emma Goldman took the stage at Union Square to make her "Free Bread" speech to a crowd of overworked garment workers. She also addressed a crowd in 1916 on the need for free access to birth control, which was banned by the Comstock laws. Her visits to Union Square pulled hundreds of followers; some of these rallies resulted in her arrest.

Union Square has been used as a platform to raise awareness about the Black Lives Matter movement, such as during the George Floyd protests in New York City in 2020.

The Square's shopping district saw strikes in the S. Klein and Ohrbach department stores in 1934. White collar workers were among the worst paid in Great Depression-era New York City, with union memberships being highly discouraged by store managers and often seen as fireable offenses. These strikes often involved acts of disobedience by the workers as many of them did not want to lose their jobs. This period saw Union Square as a gathering point for many of the city's socialist and communist groups. The centennial of Union Square was seen as a thinly veiled effort to displace those elements with its draping of the square with flags and police demonstrations of anti protester drills.

Street chess

The Villager, a local newspaper, reported in 2013 that most of the street chess players at Washington Square Park—where Bobby Fischer had played—had moved their games to Union Square because the latter had more foot traffic. Street chess players play fast chess with passers-by for three to five dollars a game, with time controls of five minutes on each side being the most common. Writer Lauren Snetiker at the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation also documents this migration of the historical Washington Square Park chess scene to Union Square, noting the "dozens of chess players sit on crates and bring their own boards... as there are no permanent ones like there are in Washington Square Park".

Freestyle Hip-Hop

Union Square is the site of a regular hip-hop freestyle rap cypher called Legendary Cyphers since 2012. The events draw residents from across the city and tourists and encourage participation in freestyle hip-hop. Notable local hip-hop artists such as Joey Bada$$ have attended in the past.

Union Square Partnership

The Union Square Partnership (USP), a business improvement district (BID) and a local development corporation (LDC), was formed in 1984 and became a model for other BIDs in New York City. Jennifer E. Falk became its executive director in January 2007.

The Union Square Partnership provides a free public Wi-Fi network in Union Square.

Education

The Washington Irving Campus at 40 Irving Place between East 16th and 17th Streets, a block east of Union Square Park, was formerly the location of a comprehensive high school, but now houses Gramercy Arts High School, the High School for Language and Diplomacy, the International High School at Union Square, the Union Square Academy for Health Sciences and the Academy for Software Engineering. In 2012, Success Academy Charter Schools announced its plan to open an elementary school in the building, and an elementary school opened there the next year.

Gallery

• A boy selling newspapers in Union Square in July 1910
• The square in the blizzard of 2006
• 14th Street–Union Square station entrance
• Metronome by Kristin Jones/Andrew Ginzel in 1999
• Metronome revision by Andrew Boyd and Gan Golan in 2020
• Union Square West, including the Bank of the Metropolis Building and Decker Building (on the left at the end of the block) in 2011
• Former Germania Life Insurance Company Building, now the W New York Union Square Hotel
• Former Union Square Savings Bank, now the Daryl Roth Theatre
• Zeckendorf Towers with the renovated north plaza of the park in the foreground, and the Con Ed Building in the background

See also

• East Side (Manhattan)
• Flatiron District
• Gramercy Park
• Washington Square Park
• List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City
• Madison Square
• USS Recruit (1917)
• MacDougal Street

References

Notes

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
2. "Parks for the New Metropolis (1811–1870)". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
3. ^ "Union Square". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 20, 2007. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007.
4. Four Shortened – Manhattan's Shortest Numbered Avenue, Forgotten NY. Accessed January 16, 2018. "Among New York City's numbered avenues, 1st through 12th, 4th Avenue has always been the odd duck-- you can tell just by looking at a map. While most avenues are extraordinarily lengthy, spanning much of the island from north to south, 4th runs just six short blocks between Cooper and Union Squares; and while all of NYC's numbered avenues run parallel to the island's northward tilt (though not true north) 4th runs northwest athwart the other avenues, forming a 'V' at the Bowery at Cooper Square."
5. ^ Jenkins, Stephen (1911). The Greatest Street in the World: The Story of Broadway, Old and New, from Bowling Green to Albany. New York: Knickerbocker Press. OCLC 794027661.
6. ^ Federal Writers' Project (1939). New York City Guide. New York: Random House. pp. 198–203. ISBN 978-1-60354-055-1. (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City.)
7. "New School: Map". The New School.
8. "NYU: Map". New York University.
9. "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
10. "East Village, New York City-Manhattan, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)". United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA). Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
11. "NYPD – 13th Precinct". www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
12. "Museum of the City of New York – [Map of land owned by Brevoort family at Bowery Lane]". collections.mcny.org. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
13. "Getting Dressed: Gilded Age Afternoon Dress". Museum of the City of New York. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
14. Jenkins, Stephen (1911). The Greatest Street in the World: The Story of Broadway, Old and New, from Bowling Green to Albany. New York: Knickerbocker Press. pp. 107. OCLC 794027661.
15. Randel, John.City of New York, North of Canal Street, in 1808 to 1821. p. 7. (via the Library of Congress). Retrieved September 5, 2011.
16. Burrows & Wallace, pp. 577 et passim.
17. ^ "Century Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 7, 1986. p. 2. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
18. ^ Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1915). "The iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909 : compiled from original sources and illustrated by photo-intaglio reproductions of important maps, plans, views, and documents in public and private collections" – via Internet Archive.
19. ^ Schachter, Sophia; Gilbertson, Elsa (June 1982). Union Square (Unpublished manuscript). Program in Historic Preservation, Columbia University.
20. Taylor, D.E. (2009). The Environment and the People in American Cities, 1600s–1900s: Disorder, Inequality, and Social Change. e-Duke books scholarly collection. Duke University Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8223-9224-8. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
21. Trager, James (1990). Park Avenue: Street of Dreams. Atheneum Books. p. 18. ISBN 9780689120244. Retrieved August 31, 2018. Ruggles was also helping to develop a collection of vacant lots from 14th Street to 17th between Broadway and Fourth Avenue into Union Square, a 3.48-acre field indicated in the commissioners' plan as Union Place and renamed Union Square in 1832.
22. Union Square Timeline, Columbia University. Accessed January 16, 2018. "In 1832, Samuel Buckley Ruggles obtained a fifty-year lease on the Union Place area."
23. Roberts, S. (2014). A History of New York in 101 Objects. Simon & Schuster. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4767-2880-3. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
24. Staff (December 25, 1906). "Creditors Take Charge of the Everett House – Bankruptcy Petition Is Filed Against Famous Hostelry – Mortgage Also Foreclosed – A Woman Says She Lost All in Loan to President Seibert of the Hotel Company" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 4. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
25. ^ Wollmann, Elizabeth L. (November 29, 2012). Hard Times: The Adult Musical in 1970s New York City. Oup USA. ISBN 9780199747481. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
26. Bianco, Anthony (October 13, 2009). Ghosts of 42nd Street. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780061847653. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
27. Allen, Irving L. (February 23, 1995). City In Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195357769. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
28. Chesluk, Benjamin (2008). Money Jungle: Imagining the New Times Square. Rutgers Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780813543819.
29. ^ Burrows & Wallace, pp. 946–948.
30. ^ "Germania Life Insurance Company Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. September 6, 1988. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
31. "Plans for Everett House Site Improvement" (PDF). The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 81, no. 2101. June 20, 1908. p. 1178 – via columbia.edu.
32. ^ "Tammany Hall" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
33. ^ "Everett Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. September 6, 1988. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
34. ^ Harris, Gale (February 10, 2009). "Consolidated Edison Company Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
35. "Union Square Changes; Altering Two Old Houses, Once the Homes of Wealthy Merchants". The New York Times. May 14, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
36. "BULK OF TRADING ON THE EAST SIDE". The New York Times. June 8, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
37. "Union Sq. Attracts Banking Locations; Many Institutions Open Quarters in the FourteenthStreet Section". The New York Times. September 29, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
38. "For Fire Fighters: Memorial Will Be Thing of Beauty to Occupy Front of 180 Feet on Plaza at North End of Union Square Park". New-York Tribune. January 9, 1910. p. C8. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 572316412.
39. "Urge Union Square for Court House; Preserve City Hall Park and Spread Out Public Buildings, Says H. Prescott Beach". The New York Times. March 27, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
40. ^ "New Union Square to Make Up for Closing". New-York Tribune. September 17, 1913. p. 16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 575130370.
41. ^ "Subway's Progress Mars Union Square; Fine Old Shade Trees Fall Under the Axe and May Never Be Replaced in the Park". The New York Times. September 7, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
42. "Dire Destruction at Union Square". The Standard Union. October 19, 1913. p. 4. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
43. "Old Union Square to Be Park Again: Wooden Shacks and Rubbish Will Be Cleared Away in Spring". New-York Tribune. February 25, 1916. p. 9. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 575517751.
44. "Plans to Regroup Union Sq. Statues; Francis D. Gallatin, Commissioner of Parks, Gets Many Suggestions of Changes". The New York Times. May 16, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
45. "Sculptors Approve Union Square Plan; National Society Endorses Commissioner Gallatin's Idea for Regrouping Statues". The New York Times. May 21, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
46. "Park Change Plans Approved by Board; Feature of Design for Union Square Is Large Parking Place Under a Terrace". The New York Times. February 17, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
47. "Union Square Builds to Regain Its Prominence: Enlarged Subway Transfer Point Expected to Triple Traffic Before New Year Park Will Be Elevated 14th Street Tunnel to Jersey Proposed by Business Men". New York Herald Tribune. September 23, 1928. p. C16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1113774203.
48. ^ "Union Square Park to Be Raised 3 Feet; Plans for Improvement Call for Boundary Wall and Complete Relandscaping". The New York Times. June 6, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
49. "Opposes Removing Washington Statue; William C. Demorest Says It Would Be 'Outrageous' to Take It From Union Square". The New York Times. November 30, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
50. "Washington's Statue Source Of Park Strife: Square Named in His Honor Wants Equestrian Bronze Now in Union Square Opposition Cites History Fourteenth St. Tells of Welcome to First President". New York Herald Tribune. November 18, 1928. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1113405053.
51. "Washington's Statue to Stay In Union Square: Petition for Removal to Washington Square Is Denied by Commissioner Herrick Declared Best Location To Be Transferred to Southeast Corner of the Park". New York Herald Tribune. June 22, 1929. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1109941842.
52. "Murphy Shaft To Be Jewel Of Union Sq: Statues of Washington, Lincoln and Lafayette Subordinated to Tammany Flagpole Tribute Structure to Bear Name of Late Chief Plan to Call 50,00 0Granite Bronze Work Liberty Memorial Dropped". New York Herald Tribune. August 15, 1929. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1111656381.
53. "Tammany to Erect Murphy Monument; Gift to City Will Be Announced at Celebration Tomorrow at Tammany Hall". The New York Times. July 4, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
54. "Landscaping to Start Soon at Union Square; Broadway Group Hears Herrick Proposals to Expedite Park Beautification Work". The New York Times. January 28, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
55. "Shovels Rooting In Union Square For 'Last Time': Park Officials Swear Newest Gouging Will Convert Desert, to Blooming Garden Union Square in Final Stages of Its Upheaval". New York Herald Tribune. July 25, 1931. p. 3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114180192.
56. "Union Sq. Park Work to Be Completed Soon; 14th St. Association Head Says Area Torn Up for Years Will Be in Shape This Summer". The New York Times. March 28, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
57. "Work Speeded On Union Square Park Rebuilding: Contract Let for Improvements Dictated by Municipal Art Commission". New York Herald Tribune. August 23, 1931. p. E2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114140766.
58. "Completing Work on Union Square; Changes of Southerly End Due to Providing Approach to the Washington Statue". The New York Times. August 23, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
59. "Wastes of Union Square To Be Made Into Garden: Civic Groups Give Flowers as City Funds Run Out". New York Herald Tribune. June 13, 1932. p. 7. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114523020.
60. "Celebrate Garden in Union Square; Park Officials and Leaders of Civic Groups in Ceremony as Top-Soil Is Leveled". The New York Times. June 16, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
61. "2,000 Bulbs Are Planted In Union Square Park: Landscaping Will Be Done Without Cost to City". New York Herald Tribune. June 16, 1932. p. 14. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114523837.
62. ^ Wellisz, Christopher (August 14, 1983). "Union Square on Verge of Redevelopment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
63. Barmash, Isadore (August 19, 1975). "Plans Made to Save S. Klein's on Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
64. Carmody, Deirdre (November 29, 1982). "Union Square Park to Undergo Overhaul". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
65. Arena, Salvatore; Sutton, Larry (May 23, 1985). "Dum-de-dum-dum: Our mayor asks no quarter—& gives none". Daily News. p. 121. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
66. ^ Carmody, Deirdre (May 23, 1985). "Union Square Park Reopens With a Lush Grandeur". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
67. Berkowitz, Harry (December 5, 1988). "Union Square Won't Let Glory Days Pass It By". Newsday. pp. 122, 131, 134. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
68. Jacobs, Andrew (March 10, 1996). "Neighborhood Report: Union Square; Park's New Problem: Success". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
69. Bond, John W. (March 6, 1996). ""Union Square", March 6, 1996, National Historic Landmark Nomination". National Park Service.
70. "Union Square – Accompanying photos from 1995–1997 and illustration from 1882. National Historic Landmark Nomination". National Park Service. March 6, 1996.
71. "A $2.6 Million Expansion Is Planned for Union Square Park". The New York Times. February 17, 1998. p. 16. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 430923994.
72. "Union Square Expansion". Newsday. The Associated Press. February 17, 1998. p. A21. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 279074278.
73. Friedman, Andrew (December 3, 2000). "Neighborhood Report: New York Parks; in Union Square, the End of a Long Wait". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
74. Marlantes, Liz (September 18, 2001). "Memorial doubles as forum on tragedy A popular New York park overflows with mourners and a range of opinions on retaliation". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 13. ProQuest 405655463.
75. Siegel, Jefferson (December 13, 2006). "Opponents Pile on Union Sq. Pavillion Plan at Rally". The Villager. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
76. "Groups Protest Planned Restaurant in Union Square Park". NY1. October 17, 2005. Archived from the original on December 28, 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
77. Signore, John Del (April 28, 2008). "Work on Union Square Can Continue, but Not on Pavilion". Gothamist. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
78. "City must show restraint on pavilion, trees, W.C." amNewYork. April 29, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
79. Gregorian, Dareh (March 31, 2009). "Judge Throws Out Suit Against Union Square Renovation and Seasonal Restaurant". New York Post. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
80. Kludt, Amanda (May 23, 2011). "New Rendering for Union Square Pavilion's City Farm Cafe". Eater NY. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
81. Polsky, Sara (May 23, 2011). "What the Union Square Pavilion Restaurant Will Look Like". Curbed NY. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
82. Kaminer, Michael (May 2, 2014). "Pavilion, controversial restaurant inside Union Square Park, opens". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
83. Casey, Nell (May 2, 2014). "Union Square's Controversial Pavilion Restaurant Opens For Judgment". Gothamist. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
84. Fabricant, Florence (February 28, 2014). "Plans for a Restaurant in Union Square Park Move Ahead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
85. Passy, Charles (January 18, 2021). "New York City's Union Square Park to Grow Under $100 Million Plan". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
86. "Union Square Park to Get $100 Million Makeover". Spectrum News NY1 New York City. January 19, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
87. Ricciulli, Valeria (January 21, 2021). "New Union Square Plan Takes Over Streets to Make a Bigger, Greener Park". Curbed. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
88. "Lincoln Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. July 12, 1988. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
89. "5 Union Square – TRD Research". The Real Deal. March 14, 2019. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
90. Gray, Christopher (July 2, 2006). "Before Tiffany & Co. Moved Uptown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
91. "Bank of the Metropolis" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. July 12, 1988. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
92. "Union Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. July 12, 1988. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
93. "Union Square Savings Bank" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. February 13, 1996. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
94. One Union Square South was voted "New York's Ugliest Building" by a panel of architects assembled by the New York Post; results were published in the paper on January 9, 2000.
95. "Century Association Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. January 5, 1993. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
96. "Union Square Park Monuments – George Washington : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
97. "Union Square Park Monuments – Marquis de Lafayette : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
98. "Union Square Park Monuments – Abraham Lincoln : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
99. "Flyer for Gandhi Memorial Statue in New York City, dedicated on October 2, 1986" in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)
100. "Union Square Park Monuments – Union Square Drinking Fountain: NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
101. "Flagpole in Union Square to Honor Murphy; Leading Democrats Have Raised $50,000". The New York Times. March 21, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
102. "Union Square Park Monuments – Independence Flagstaff: NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
103. "N.Y.C. Legend". nyc-legend.com. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
104. Barron, James (October 17, 2023). "Why a Sculptor Was Drawn to Sewer Alligators". The New York Times.
105. "Union Square Park Monuments – Armenian Grove Plaque: NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
106. McGroarty, Jane. "Issue 2: Community Scale Economics". Retrieved August 4, 2007.
107. "Greenmarket Facts". Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
108. "Greenmarket Facts". Retrieved August 4, 2007.
109. Fishman, Steve (April 7, 2003). "Manhattan Gets Fresh". New York. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
110. Davenport, Emily (November 15, 2023). "Union Square Holiday Market to open with lineup of local vendors Nov. 16". amNewYork. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
111. Weaver, Shaye (November 11, 2023). "The Union Square Holiday Market is the best holiday market in America". Time Out New York. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
112. Izzo, Christina (June 13, 2024). "Union Square will debut its first-ever Night Market next month". Time Out New York. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
113. "Postings: S. Klein Renovation; Something New on the Square". The New York Times. September 29, 1991. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
114. Stamler, Bernard (February 14, 1999). "New Yorkers & Co.; Full Circle at Union Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
115. Ryzik, Melena (August 19, 2007). "A Harmonic Convergence in Union Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
116. Allon, Janet (July 20, 1997). "Superstore Supersign Superfluous to Some". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
117. Louie, Elaine (December 7, 2000). "CURRENTS: HOTELS; On Union Square, a Sweeping Staircase With a Ballroom to Match". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
118. "Union Square – Historical Sign". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
119. Burrows & Wallace, p. 1,005.
120. Ramón-García, M."Square-Toed Boots and Felt Hats: Irish Revolutionaries and the Invasion of Canada" Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Estudios Irlandeses 2010:87 (via Google Books).
121. Union Square bombing.
122. "Emma Goldman on Trial; No Longer Anxious to Pose as an Anarchist Martyr". The New York Times. October 5, 1893. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
123. "Emma Goldman Acquitted; Court Finds She Did Not Circulate Birth Control Information". The New York Times. January 9, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
124. "Emma Goldman, Anarchist, Dead; Internationally Known Figure, Deported From the U.S., Is Stricken in Toronto". The New York Times. May 14, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
125. Fondren, Precious (October 2, 2021). "George Floyd Statue Vandalized in Union Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
126. "Monkey Business in Union Square: A Cultural Analysis of the Klein's-Ohrbach's Strikes of 1934–5". Journal of Social History. Vol. 36, no. 1.
127. Merwood-Salisbury, Joanna (2009). "Patriotism and Protest: Union Square as Public Space, 1832–1932". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 68 (4): 555–556. doi:10.1525/jsah.2009.68.4.540. S2CID 142399435.
128. Hines, Lael (August 8, 2008). "Chess moves: Most players are now at Union Square". The Villager. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
129. Roma, Giancarlo (December 29, 2014). "A Black and White Game: The Chess Players of Union Square". Vice. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
130. Snetiker, Lauren (September 3, 2015). "Checkmate!: Street Chess in the Village". Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
131. Reilly, Dan (November 25, 2016). "An Evening with Legendary Cyphers, NYC's Weekly Freestyle Hip-Hop Troupe". Thrillist.
132. "Spread Love, It's the Brooklyn Way: The Notorious Cypher – Above Average Hip-Hop".
133. Engquist, Erik (January 17, 2007). "BID Executive Makes Plans for Progress". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
134. Union Square Partnership (July 3, 2014). "Union Square Partnership Expands Free Wi-Fi Hot Zone (press release)". Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
135. Fleisher, Lisa (July 15, 2012). "New Charters Proposed for Manhattan". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
136. Holland, Heather (August 26, 2013). "Success Academy Union Square Welcomes First Students". DNAinfo New York. Retrieved February 10, 2024.

Bibliography

• Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8.

External links

• A History of Union Square, on the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation website
• Union Square Partnership
• Union Square Greenmarket
• GrowNYC Greenmarket Farmer's Markets Official Site

v t e Places adjacent to Union Square, Manhattan
Flatiron District Flatiron District, Gramercy Gramercy Chelsea Union Square Gramercy, Stuyvesant Town Greenwich Village NoHo East Village

Links to related articles

v t e Structures on Broadway in Manhattan and the Bronx Buildings (The Battery – Houston Street) U.S. Custom House One Two 11 (Bowling Green Offices) 25 (Cunard) 26 (Standard Oil) 52 61 (Adams Express) 65 (American Express) 1 Wall Street 71 (Empire) 75 (Trinity Church) 100 (American Surety) 111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty) 120 (Equitable) 140 (Marine Midland) 165 (One Liberty Plaza) 195 200 (Fulton Center) Corbin Building 209 St. Paul's Chapel Trinity Church Cemetery Transportation (225) 233 (Woolworth) 253, 256 (Home Life) 258 (Rogers Peet) City Hall 270 (Tower 270) 277 (Broadway–Chambers) 280 287 290 (Ted Weiss Federal) 291 305 (Mutual Reserve) 319 346 (Former New York Life) 359 361 395 (Pearl River Mart) 457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse) 462 (Mills & Gibb) 488 (E. V. Haughwout) 495 (New Era) 561 (Scholastic) Buildings (Houston Street – Times Square) 611 (Cable) 640 721 (Tisch School) 770 800 (Grace Church) 828 (Strand Bookstore) 889 (Gorham) 900 (Goelet) 935–939 Flatiron Building Madison Green 1181 (Baudouine) 1200 (Gilsey) 1232 (Grand Hotel) 1260 (Martinique Hotel) 1300 (Hotel McAlpin) 1313 Macy's 1328 (Marbridge) 1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank) Holy Innocents Church Times Square Tower 1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel) Buildings (Times Square – Columbus Circle) 1472 (4 Times Square) 1475 (One Times Square) 1500 1501 (Paramount) 1515 (One Astor Plaza and Minskoff Theatre) 1535 (Marriott Marquis) 1540 (Bertelsmann) 1552 (I. Miller) 1560 (Embassy Theatre) 1564 (Palace Theatre) 1566 (TSX Broadway)` 1585 (Morgan Stanley) 1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel) 1619 (Brill) 1634 (Winter Garden Theatre) 1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner) 1633 (Paramount Plaza) 1681 (Broadway Theatre) 1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre) 1717 1740 1745 (Random House Tower) 1764 (224 West 57th Street) 1780 (Central Park Tower) 1790 (5 Columbus Circle) 240 Central Park South Buildings (Columbus Circle – The Bronx) Deutsche Bank Center Trump International Hotel and Tower 1865 Empire Hotel The Dorilton 2100 (Apple Bank) 2109 (Ansonia) 2124 (Beacon Theatre) Hotel Beacon The Astor 2175 (Hotel Belleclaire) 2201 (Apthorp) First Baptist Church 2350 (Bretton Hall) The Belnord 2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop) Astor Court The Cornwall 2626 (Metro Theater) 2689–2693 (Hotel Marseilles) 2801–2825 (The Manhasset) School at Columbia 2880 (Goddard Institute) Broadway Hall 3009 (Barnard College) 3333 (Riverside Park Community) Intercession Church 3939 (Children's Hospital) 3940 Audubon Ballroom Shabazz Center 4140 (United Palace) 4881 (Dyckman House) 4967 (Good Shepherd Church) 5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch) 5141 (Allen Hospital) Parks and plazas Bowling Green Zuccotti Park City Hall Park Union Square Madison Square Greeley Square Herald Square Times Square Columbus Circle Verdi Square Van Cortlandt Park Subway stations 103rd Street 116th Street–Columbia University 125th Street 137th Street–City College 145th Street 14th Street 157th Street 168th Street 231st Street 238th Street 23rd Street 28th Street 34th Street–Herald Square 50th Street 59th Street–Columbus Circle 66th Street–Lincoln Center 72nd Street 79th Street 86th Street 96th Street Bowling Green Canal Street Cathedral Parkway–110th Street City Hall Dyckman Street Eighth Street–New York University Fulton Street Inwood–207th Street Marble Hill–225th Street Prince Street Times Square–42nd Street Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street Wall Street Former New York Produce Exchange Government House 39 (Macomb House) 50 (Tower) 64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance) 113–119 (City Hotel) 120 (Equitable Life) 149 (Singer) 165 (City Investing) 169–171 (Gilsey) 176 (Howard Hotel) 195 (Western Union) 220 (St. Paul) 222 (Barnum's American Museum) Astor House Rogers Peet 346 (Appleton) 472 (Mechanics' Hall) Theatre Comique Church of the Divine Unity 507 (St. Nicholas Hotel) Metropolitan Hotel 663 (Canterbury Hall) 673 (Grand Central Hotel) 728 (Church of the Messiah) 728 (New Theatre Comique) 881 (Arnold Constable) 1101 (Albemarle Hotel) 1107 (McCrory Stores) 1115 (Legnam Corporation) Hotel Victoria 1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre) 1372 (Fair Waist Company) 1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre) 1411 (Metropolitan Opera House) 1469 (Pabst) 1481 (Rialto Theatre) 1500 (Hotel Claridge) 1537 (Astor Theatre) 1567 (Central Theatre) 1579 (Strand Theatre) 1600 (Studebaker) Jack Dempsey's Restaurant 1645 (Capitol Theatre) 1650 Beltone Studios Iridium Jazz Club 1678 (Birdland) 1865 (Museum of Biblical Art) 1981 (Dauphin Hotel) 4260 (Coliseum Theatre) St. Teresa of Avila Church v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places in New York Topics Contributing property Keeper of the Register Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Property types Lists by county Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings (Brooklyn) Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York (Manhattan) Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond (Staten Island) Rockland Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca St. Lawrence Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Northern Southern Wyoming Yates Lists by city Albany Buffalo New Rochelle New York City Bronx Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Manhattan Below 14th St. 14th–59th St. 59th–110th St. Above 110th St. Minor islands Niagara Falls Peekskill Poughkeepsie Rhinebeck Rochester Syracuse Yonkers Other lists Bridges and tunnels National Historic Landmarks New York City Outside New York City Category List National Register of Historic Places Portal v t e Neighborhoods in the New York City borough of Manhattan Lower Manhattan below 14th St (CB 1, 2, 3) Alphabet City Battery Park City Bowery Chinatown Civic Center Cooperative Village Dimes Square East Village Essex Crossing Financial District Greenwich Village Hudson Square Little Australia Little Fuzhou Little Italy Loisaida Lower East Side Meatpacking District NoHo Nolita SoHo South Street Seaport South Village Tribeca Two Bridges West Village World Trade Center Midtown Manhattan (CB 5) Columbus Circle Diamond District Flatiron District Garment District Herald Square Koreatown Madison Square Midtown South NoMad Silicon Alley Theater District Times Square West Side (CB 4, 7) Chelsea Hell's Kitchen Hudson Yards development Lincoln Square Manhattan Valley Penn South Pomander Walk Riverside South Upper West Side East Side (CB 6, 8) Carnegie Hill Gramercy Park Kips Bay Lenox Hill Murray Hill Peter Cooper Village Rose Hill Stuyvesant Square Stuyvesant Town Sutton Place Tudor City Turtle Bay Union Square Upper East Side Waterside Plaza Yorkville Upper Manhattan above 110th St (CB 9, 10, 11, 12) Astor Row East Harlem Fort George Hamilton Heights Harlem Hudson Heights Inwood Le Petit Senegal Manhattanville Marble Hill (Bx CB 8) Mount Morris Park Morningside Heights Sugar Hill Sylvan Washington Heights Islands Ellis Island (CB 1) Governors Island (CB 1) Liberty Island (CB 1) Randalls Island (CB 11) Roosevelt Island (CB 8) Wards Island (CB 11) Former Five Points (CB 3) Gas House District (CB 6) Jones's Wood (CB 8) Ladies' Mile (CB 5) Little Germany (CB 3) Little Spain (CB 4) Little Syria (CB 1) Manhattantown (CB 7) Radio Row (CB 1) San Juan Hill (CB 7) Seneca Village Tenderloin (CB 4) Yiddish Theatre District (CB 3) Community boards: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Joint interest area: 64 (Central Park) v t e Protected areas of New York City Federal National Historic Sites Lower East Side Tenement Museum Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National monuments and memorials African Burial Ground Castle Clinton Federal Hall General Grant Governors Island Hamilton Grange Statue of Liberty Stonewall National recreation areas Gateway National Recreation Area - Jamaica Bay Floyd Bennett Field Fort Tilden Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Jacob Riis Gateway National Recreation Area - Staten Island Fort Wadsworth Great Kills Hoffman Island Miller Field Swinburne Island State State Parks Bayswater Point Clay Pit Ponds Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Gantry Plaza Marsha P. Johnson Riverbank Roberto Clemente Shirley Chisholm State recreation lands Mount Loretto Unique Area Udalls Cove City parks and preserves Manhattan 79th Street Boat Basin Abe Lebewohl Park Abingdon Square Albert Capsouto Asphalt Green Asser Levy Battery Bella Abzug (Hudson) Bellevue South Bennett British Garden at Hanover Square Bowling Green Bryant Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk Carl Schurz Central Diana Ross Playground Great Lawn Rec Center Heckscher Playground North Meadow Rec Center Tarr Family Playground Chelsea City Hall Coleman Playground Collect Columbus Corlears Hook Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza Damrosch Dante DeSalvio Playground DeWitt Clinton Drumgoole Plaza Duane East River Greenway East River Esplanade East River Pier 42 Stuyvesant Cove Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza Father Demo Square Finn Square Foley Square Fort Tryon Fort Washington Gorman Governors Island Gramercy Greenacre Hamilton Fish Hanover Square Harlem River Hell's Kitchen Herald Square High Line Highbridge Fort George Seating Area Holcombe Rucker Hudson River Ilka Tanya Payán Imagination Playground Inwood Hill Isham J. Hood Wright Jackie Robinson Jackson Square John Jay Liberty Little Island Louis Cuvillier Madison Square Manhattan Waterfront Greenway MacArthur Marcus Garvey McKenna Square Millennium Mill Rock Mitchell Square Montefiore Square Morningside Murphy's Brother's Playground Muscota Marsh Open Road Paley Peretz Square Peter Cooper Peter Detmold Plaza Lafayette Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden Ralph Bunche Randalls Island Richard Tucker Square Riverside Robert Moses Playground Roosevelt Triangle Rucker Sakura Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground Sara Delano Roosevelt Septuagesimo Uno Seward Sheridan Square Sherman Square Spring Street St. John's St. Nicholas St. Vartan Straus Stuyvesant Square Swindler Cove Teardrop Theodore Roosevelt Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Tompkins Square Tribeca Trygve Lie Union Square Verdi Square Vesuvio Playground Vietnam Veterans Plaza Vincent F. Albano Jr. Wagner Wards Island Washington Market Washington Square West Side Community Garden William A. Harris Garden Winston Churchill Square Zuccotti The Bronx East Bronx Bicentennial Veterans Castle Hill City Island Wetlands Ferry Point Givans Creek Woods Haffen Harding Hart Island Magenta Playground Pelham Bay Hunter Island Orchard Beach Rodman's Neck Pelham Parkway Pugsley Creek Richman Seton Falls Seton Soundview Starlight West Bronx Aqueduct Walk Bridge Bronx Bronx Skate Park Devoe Ewen Harris Henry Hudson Jerome Mosholu Parkway Poe Raoul Wallenberg Forest Riverdale Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront St. James University Woods Van Cortlandt Vidalia Vinmont Veteran Washington's Walk Williamsbridge Oval South Bronx Baretto Point Bill Rainey Carlos J. Lozada Playground Claremont Concrete Plant Crotona Estella Diggs Grant Hunts Point Riverside Joseph Rodman Drake Joyce Kilmer Julius Richman Macombs Dam Mill Pond Mullaly North and South Brother Islands Playground 52 Printer's Richman St. Mary's Taqwa Community Farm Tremont Brooklyn Alben Square American Veterans Memorial Pier Amersfort Anthony Catanzaro Square Asser Levy Ascenzi Square Bath Beach Betsy Head Bensonhurst Bocchino-Dente Memorial Plaza Breukelen Ballfields Brooklyn Bridge Brooklyn Heights Promenade Brooklyn–Queens Greenway Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Brower Bushwick Byrne Cadman Plaza Canarsie Carroll Calvert Vaux Chief Charles A. Joshua Plaza City Line Coffey Columbus Commodore Barry Coney Island Beach & Boardwalk Coney Island Creek Coney Island Cyclone Continental Army Plaza Cooper Domino Dyker Beach Eastern Parkway Fort Greene Four Sparrow Marsh Frank M. Charles Fresh Creek Nature Preserve Friends Field Fulton Golconda Skate Park Gravesend Green Central Knoll Herbert Von King Highland Irving Square JJ Byrne Jamaica Bay John J. Carty John Paul Jones Kaiser Kelly Leif Ericson Leon S. Kaiser Playground Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino Lincoln Terrace Linden Lindower Linton Macri Triangle Manhattan Beach Maria Hernandez Marine McCarren McGolrick McKinley Mt. Prospect Nellie Bly Ocean Parkway Owl's Head Paerdegat Basin Paerdegat Prospect Red Hook Robert E. Venable Russell D. Ramsey Triangle Saratoga Scarangella Seaside Seth Low Shore Spring Creek Steeplechase Sternberg St. Johns Sunset Tompkins Trinity Van Voorhees Walt Whitman Wingate WNYC Transmitter Zion Triangle Queens Admiral Alley Pond Andrews Grove Astoria Baisley Pond Bayside Fields Bayswater Beach Channel Big Bush Bowne Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary Breininger Broad Channel American Broad Channel Broad Channel Wetlands Brooklyn–Queens Greenway Brookville Bulova Captain Tilly Catholic War Veterans Triangle Chris Postiglione Triangle College Point Fields Crocheron Cunningham Det. Keith L. Williams Det. William T. Gunn Dr. Charles R. Drew Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary Doughboy Douglaston Elmhurst Evergreen Far Rockaway Skate Park Feehan Triangle Flushing Fields Flushing Meadows-Corona Foch Sitting Area Forest Fort Tilden Fort Totten Francis Lewis Frank Golden Frank Principe Haggerty Harvey Highland Hillcrest Veterans Square Hinton Hoffman Hook Creek Hunter's Point Idlewild Jamaica Bay Joe Sabba John Golden Judge Moses Weinstein Playground Juniper Valley Kissena Kohlreiter Square Kopytko Triangle Libra Triangle Linden Linnaeus Little Bay LoCicero Triangle Louis Pasteur Lynch Triangle Mafera Macneil Marconi Marie Curie Montbellier O'Donohue One Room Schoolhouse Overlook Park of the Americas Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Playground Seventy Five Ofc. Edward Byrne Powell's Cove Proctor-Hopson Circle Queens County Farm Museum Queensbridge Rachel Carson Railroad Ralph Demarco Remsen Cemetery Rochdale Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk Rockaway Community Roy Wilkins Rufus King Seagirt Avenue Wetlands Socrates Sculpture Spring Creek Springfield St. Albans Travers Travis Triangle Triangle 54 Tribute Tudor Turtle Playground Underbridge Dog Run Vleigh Playground Walter J. Wetzel Triangle Wayanda Staten Island North Shore (Community District 1) Allison Pond Austen House Buono Beach Barrett Clove Lakes Clove's Tail Corporal Thompson Eibs Pond Faber Forest Grove Fort Hill Gaeta Graniteville Quarry Graniteville Swamp Hero Ingram Woods Jones Woods Joseph Manna Lyons Pool Recreation Center Maple Woods Northerleigh Richmond Terrace Wetlands Sailors' Snug Harbor Shooters Island Silver Lake Sobel Court Tappen Tompkinsville Von Briesen Walker Westerleigh Mid-Island (Community District 2) Blood Root Valley Bradys Pond Deere Father Macris FDR Boardwalk Gen. MacArthur High Rock Last Chance Midland Field Ocean Breeze Old Place Creek Prall's Island Saw Mill Creek Marsh Schmul South Beach Wetlands St. George Staten Island Industrial Westwood Willowbrook Mid-Island & South Shore (Community Districts 2 & 3) Freshkills LaTourette Meredith Woods William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge South Shore (Community District 3) Aesop Amundsen Circle Annadale Arbutus Woods Arden Woods Bayview Terrace Bloomingdale Blue Heron Blueberry Bunker Ponds Carlton Conference House Crescent Beach Fairview Great Kills Huguenot Ponds Hybrid Oak Woods Isle of Meadows King Fisher Kingdom Pond Lemon Creek Long Pond Olmstead-Beil House Reed's Basket Willow Swamp Seaside Wildlife Nature Siedenburg Tottenville Shore Wegener Wolfe's Pond Other Nature centers Alley Pond Belvedere Castle Blue Heron Crotona Dana Discovery Center Forest Fort Greene Fort Totten Greenbelt High Rock Inwood Hill Orchard Beach Prospect Salt Marsh Van Cortlandt Zoos Bronx Central Park Prospect Park Queens Staten Island Botanical gardens Brooklyn Botanic Conservatory New York Botanical Queens Botanical Staten Island Botanical New York Chinese Scholar's Wave Hill Roosevelt Island Lighthouse Southpoint Other lists World War I-related parks Vietnam War-related parks Hispanic and Latino-related parks Category Department of Parks and Recreation New York State Commons v t e Streets of Manhattan Commissioners' Plan of 1811 List of eponymous streets in New York City List of numbered streets in Manhattan North–south Major avenues 1st Av 2nd Av 3rd Av Lexington Av Park Av Madison Av 5th Av Broadway 6th Av (Av of the Americas) Lenox Av 7th Av (Fashion Av) 8th Av 9th Av 10th Av 11th Av 12th Av Financial District South Pearl Broad William Nassau Theatre Alley Whitehall Canyon of Heroes State West Lower East Side Allen Pike Baxter Centre Market Pl Bowery Centre Division Chrystie Coenties Slip Eldridge Elizabeth Essex Forsyth Lafayette Doyers Rivington Ludlow Mott Mulberry Orchard Park Row Spring Cherry Lower West Side Cortlandt Alley Trinity Pl Church Greenwich Hudson Jones MacDougal Patchin Pl Sullivan Gay Thompson Varick Washington W Broadway LaGuardia Pl Weehawken West Side Hwy Bank 13th Av East Village / Gramercy Ave D Ave C Ave B Ave A Asser Levy Pl Shevchenko Pl Irving Pl 4th Av Union Square E Park Av S University Pl Union Square W Midtown Beekman Pl Sutton Pl Park Av Viaduct Park Av Tunnel Vanderbilt Av Rockefeller Plz 6½ Av Great White Way Shubert Alley Dyer Av Hudson Blvd Upper East / Upper West East End Av York Av Museum Mile East Dr Center Dr West Dr Central Park W Columbus Av Amsterdam Av West End Av Riverside Dr Harlem / Wash. Hts. Pleasant Av Lenox Av (Malcolm X Blvd) Powell Blvd Douglass Blvd Morningside Dr Audubon Av St. Nicholas Av (Duarte Blvd) Claremont Av Ft. Washington Av Cabrini Blvd Sylvan Pl Tiemann Pl East–west Financial District Bridge Stone Marketfield Beaver Exchange Pl Wall Albany Liberty Cortlandt St/Wy Maiden La Dey Fulton Vesey Ann Downtown Spruce Roosevelt Chambers E Broadway Henry Madison Cherry Worth N Moore Broome Canal Hester Grand Delancey Stanton Houston Vandam Bleecker Bond Great Jones 4th Waverly Pl Washington Square N Astor Pl Washington Mews Stuyvesant Macdougal Alley 8th St. Mark's Pl Greenwich Av Christopher Charles 14th Midtown 23rd 34th 42nd 45th (George Abbott Way) 47th 50th 51st 52nd (Swing Alley / St of Jazz) 53rd 54th 55th 57th 59th (Central Park S) Uptown 66th / Peter Jennings Way 72nd 74th 79th 85th 86th 89th 93rd 95th 96th 110th (Cathedral Pkwy / Central Park N) 116th 125th (Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd) 130th (Astor Row) 132nd 133rd 139th (Strivers' Row) 145th 155th Bogardus Pl Dyckman Plaza Lafayette Intersections Circles Columbus Duke Ellington Frederick Douglass Squares Chatham Cooper Duarte Duffy Foley Gramercy Park Grand Army Plz Hanover Herald Hudson Jackson Lincoln Madison Mulry Pershing Petrosino Sherman Stuyvesant Times Tompkins Union Verdi Washington Zuccotti Park Italics indicate streets no longer in existence. All entries are streets, circles, or squares unless otherwise noted See also: Manhattan address algorithm

• Union Square, Manhattan
• 14th Street (Manhattan)
• 1882 establishments in New York (state)
• Broadway (Manhattan)
• Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
• National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan
• Neighborhoods in Manhattan
• Park Avenue
• Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
• Road junctions in the United States
• Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
• Squares in Manhattan
• New York State Register of Historic Places in New York County