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Timeline of the Weimar Republic

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The Timeline of the Weimar Republic lists in chronological order the major events of the Weimar Republic, beginning with the final month of the German Empire and ending with the Nazi Enabling Act of 1933 that concentrated all power in the hands of Adolf Hitler. A second chronological section lists important cultural, scientific and commercial events during the Weimar era.

For a chronology focusing on the rise of Nazism see Early timeline of Nazism.

Politics and world affairs

1918: end of the German Empire

Prince Max von Baden, the last chancellor of the German Empire

1918: beginning of the Weimar Republic

Emperor Wilhelm II in 1902. He fled Germany to the Netherlands and abdicated in November 1918.

1919

Friedrich Ebert (left) and Philipp Scheidemann, first president and minister president (chancellor) of a democratic Germany
  • 6 February: The first meeting of the National Assembly takes place in Weimar, the city associated with Goethe and Schiller that will give the new republic its informal name. Berlin is considered too politically unstable to be the meeting place.
  • 11 February: The Weimar National Assembly elects Friedrich Ebert of the SPD as president of Germany.
  • 13 February: President Friedrich Ebert appoints Philipp Scheidemann of the SPD minister president (similar to chancellor).
  • 21 February: Bavarian minister president Kurt Eisner is murdered in Munich by right-wing student Anton Arco-Valley.
  • 3–13 March: In the Berlin March Battles, supporters of the Communist Party of Germany expand a general strike into an armed uprising intended to set up a council republic. The revolt is put down by government and Freikorps troops.
  • 7 April: The Bavarian Soviet Republic is proclaimed in Munich. It lasts until 1 May 1919.
  • 7 May: The German delegation at Versailles receives the Allies' peace conditions.
  • 16 June: The German government receives an ultimatum from the Allied Powers demanding that they accept the Treaty of Versailles or risk being invaded.
  • 20 June: After Minister President Philipp Scheidemann refuses to accept the Treaty of Versailles, he and his cabinet step down. On the following day, Gustav Bauer, also of the SPD, takes Scheidemann's place.
  • 23 June: Confronted with another Allied ultimatum, the Weimar National Assembly approves the Treaty of Versailles with no conditions.
  • 28 June: The Treaty of Versailles is formally approved in the Hall of Mirrors.
  • 12 July: The Allied blockade of Germany that had begun in 1914 ends.
  • 31 July: The Weimar National Assembly approves the Weimar Constitution, 262 to 75.
  • 14 August: The Weimar Constitution, which had been signed by President Friedrich Ebert three days previously, becomes effective.
  • 18 November: In front of a parliamentary committee, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg implies that it was the failure of the home front that cost Germany victory in World War I. The statement helped give rise to the stab-in-the-back myth.

1920

Members of a Freikorps unit with swastikas on their helmets distributing leaflets during the Kapp Putsch

1921

Matthias Erzberger, who was murdered by members of a right-wing terrorist group

1922

1923

  • 2 January: In a sign of growing inflation, it costs 7,525 marks to buy one U.S. dollar.
  • 11 January: The Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops begins after Germany is declared to be in default on its reparations payments. Two days later the German government reacts with a call for passive resistance.
Participants in the Beer Hall Putsch, in front of the New Town Hall in Munich

1924

1925

Paul von Hindenburg, second president of the Weimar Republic.

1926

1927

1928

Gustav Stresemann, the German foreign minister who won a Nobel Peace Prize

1929

1930

Heinrich Brüning, chancellor of the first of Germany's undemocratic presidential cabinets

1931

1932

Kurt von Schleicher, who was chancellor immediately before Adolf Hitler
  • February: Germany's number of unemployed peaks at 6.13 million.
  • 10 April: Paul von Hindenburg is re-elected president of Germany on a second ballot. Adolf Hitler comes in second.
  • 13 April: The Nazi SA and SS are banned.
  • 30 May: The Brüning government resigns. The new chancellor is Franz von Papen, who resigned from the Catholic Centre Party to accept the office. Like the Brüning government, Papen's cabinet is presidential.
  • 4 June: President Hindenburg dissolves the Reichstag and sets new elections for July.
  • 14 June: The ban on the Nazi SA is lifted.
  • 20 July: In the Prussian coup d'état, President Hindenburg appoints Chancellor Papen Reich commissar of Prussia. Papen ousts the democratically elected Prussian government, which was led by the Social Democrats.
  • 31 July: In the Reichstag election, the Nazi Party wins 37% of the votes, followed by the Social Democrats (21.5%) and the Communist Party (14%).
  • 12 September: The Reichstag is again dissolved.
  • 6 November: In the second Reichstag election of the year, the Nazis, Social Democrats, and Communists are again the top three vote winners, although the Nazi's share dropped by 4%.
  • 17 November: The Papen cabinet resigns. The new chancellor, Kurt von Schleicher, takes office on 3 December.

1933

Cultural, scientific and commercial

1919

Max Planck, the first of fifteen Germans to win a Nobel Prize during the Weimar Republic

1920

1921

1922

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

Poster for The Blue Angel

1930

1931

1932

See also

References

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