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Xakriabá (also called Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba or Shicriabá) is an extinct or dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese. The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.

The last confirmed native speaker of the language died in 1864.

Phonology

Vowels

• /i/ can also be heard as in shortened positions.

Consonants

• Sounds is heard from /i/ before other vowels or within diphthongs.
• Sounds are heard as allophones of /s z/.
• Sounds are heard as allophones of /t d n/ when palatalized before /i/.
• can be heard as an allophone of /k/.

History

Before 1712, Xakriabá was originally spoken along the São Francisco River near São Romão, Minas Gerais (Saint-Hilaire 2000: 340-341). The Xakriabá were then forced to migrate after being defeated by Matias Cardoso de Almeida [pt] and other Paulistas from 1690 onwards. In 1819, Saint-Hilaire (1975: 145) noted that the Xakriabá of Triângulo Mineiro region spoke a Xerente dialect.

References

1. "Shakriabá". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
2. Christopher Moseley (2007). Encyclopedia Of The World's Endangered Languages. London, UK: Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9780700711970.
3. Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
4. Rodrigues Mota, Liliane (2020). Estudo Sobre o Léxico Akwe Xakriabá: Uma Proposta de Escrita e Uma Chamada para a Revitalização da Língua. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
5. ^ Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
6. Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
7. Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 1975. Viagem à província de Goiás. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.

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• Jê languages
• Extinct languages of South America
• Languages of Brazil
• Languages extinct in the 1860s
• Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs