Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groups and populations from North Africa and the Sahel (Tuaregs ).
By population
Population
Language (if specified)
n
A /B
E(xE1b1b)
E-M215
G
I
J
R1a
R1b
Other
Study
Algerians
AA (Semitic)
377
0.3
13.0
54.6
19.9
12.2
Bekada et al. (2015)
Amazighs (Algeria - Aurès )
AA (Tamazight)
218
0
4.6
84.4
0
0.5
5.5
2.3
0
1.7
Abdeli and Benhassine (2019)
Amazighs (Algeria - Mzab )
AA (Tamazight)
67
0
4.5
89.6
1.5
0
1.5
0
3
0
Dugoujon et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Algeria - Mzab )
AA (Tamazight)
20
0
10
80
0
0
0
0
10
0
Bekada et al. (2015)
Amazighs (Algeria - Tizi Ouzou )
AA (Tamazight)
16
0
0
47.3
0
0
15.7
0
15.7
0
Arredi et al. (2004)
Amazighs (Algeria - Tuat )
AA (Tamazight)
35
0
25.6
51.4
0
0
11.4
0
8.5
0
Bekada et al. (2014)
Amazighs (Egypt - Siwa )
AA (Tamazight)
93
28
6.5
12
3.2
0
14
0
28
8.3
Dugoujon et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Libya )
AA (Tamazight)
83
1.3
38.5
53
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bekada et al. (2013)
Amazighs (Morocco )
AA (Tamazight)
64
0
6.3
79.6
0
0
0
0
0
14.1
Semino et al. (2004)
Amazighs (Morocco - Amizmiz )
AA (Tamazight)
33
3
6.1
90.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
Alvarez et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Morocco - Asni )
AA (Tamazight)
54
0
9.3
85.2
0
0
1.9
0
1.9
1.9
Dugoujon et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Morocco - Bouhria)
AA (Tamazight)
67
0
7.5
79.1
6
0
3
4.5
0
0
Dugoujon et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Morocco - Middle Atlas)
AA (Tamazight)
69
2.9
5.7
81.1
4.3
0
5.8
0
0
0
Dugoujon et al. (2009)
Amazighs (Morocco - North)
AA (Tamazight)
55
0
12.7
65.1
0
0
0
0
0
12.7
Semino et al. (2004)
Amazighs (Morocco - South)
AA (Tamazight)
35
0
2.5
85
0
0
0
0
0
12.5
Semino et al. (2004)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Bou Omrane)
AA (Tamazight)
40
0
5
92.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ennafaa et al. (2011)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Bou Saad)
AA (Tamazight)
40
0
0
92.5
0
0
5
0
0
2.5
Ennafaa et al. (2011)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Chenini–Douiret)
AA (Tamazight)
27
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Djerba )
AA (Tamazight)
46
2.2
0
80.4
0
0
10.9
4.3
2.2
0
Manni et al. (2005)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Kesra )
AA (Tamazight)
23
8.7
0
91.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cherni et al. (2005)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Tekrouna )
AA (Tamazight)
19
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Frigi, S. et al. (2006)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Sejenane )
AA (Tamazight)
47
4.3
2.1
51.1
2.1
2.1
36.1
0
0
2.2
Frigi, S. et al. (2006)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Jradou)
AA (Semitic)
32
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)
Amazighs (Tunisia - Sened )
AA (Tamazight)
35
0
0
65.7
0
0
31.4
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)
Andalusians (Tunisia - Qalaat Al-Andalus)
AA (Arabic)
19
0
0
89.5
0
0
10.5
0
0
0
Cherni et al. (2005)
Andalusians (Tunisia - Testour )
AA (Arabic)
48
2.1
2.1
68.7
0
0
25.0
2.1
0
0
Cherni et al. (2005)
Andalusians (Tunisia - Esslouguia)
AA (Arabic)
22
0
0
59.1
0
0
18.2
13.6
4.6
4.5
Cherni et al. (2005)
Andalusians (Tunisia - El Alia)
AA (Arabic)
43
0
0
44.2
4.7
2.3
34.9
0
9.3
4.6
Cherni et al. (2005)
Arabs (Algeria - Algiers )
AA (Semitic)
35
0
2.9
54.3
0
0
28.6
0
0
0
Arredi et al. (2004)
Arabs (Algeria - Algiers )
AA (Semitic)
26
0
3.8
69.2
0
0
19.2
0
0
0
Bekada et al. (2014)
Arabs (Algeria - Oran )
AA (Semitic)
102
0
7.9
51
0
0
27.4
1
11.8
1
Robino et al. (2008)
Arabs (Algeria - Oran )
AA (Semitic)
80
1.2
11.2
47.5
0
0
23.7
0
7.5
0
Bekada et al. (2014)
Arabs (Algeria - Sahara )
AA (Semitic)
60
0
3.3
85
0
0
10
0
0
0
Bekada et al. (2014)
Lower Egyptians (Egypt )
AA (Semitic)
370
1.4
3.0
43.8
5.7
0.5
27.6
2.2
5.9
10
Bekada et al. (2013)
Lower Egyptians (Egypt )
AA (Semitic)
147
2.7
2.7
36.1
9.5
0
31.9
3.4
4.1
2.1
Luis et al. (2004)
Delta Egyptians (Egypt - North)
AA (Semitic)
44
2.3
0
52.3
0
0
18.2
2.3
9.9
6.8
Arredi et al. (2004)
Upper Egyptians (Egypt - South )
AA (Semitic)
29
0
0
31
0
3.4
24.1
0
13.8
0
Arredi et al. (2004)
Bedouins (Egypt - Western Desert )
AA (Semitic)
35
0
5.7
62.9
0
0
31.4
0
0
0
Kujanová et al. (2009)
Libyans
AA (Semitic)
215
0
1.4
49.3
5.1
0
41.4
0.5
2.3
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013)
Arabs (Mauritania )
AA (Semitic)
189
0.5
12.7
66.6
0
0
13.2
0
7.4
0.1
Bekada et al. (2013)
Arabs (Morocco )
AA (Semitic)
49
0
0
75.5
0
0
20.4
0
0
0
Semino et al. (2004)
Arabs (Morocco )
AA (Semitic)
44
0
0
63.7
0
0
15.9
0
0
0
Semino et al. (2004)
Arabs (Morocco - Sahara )
AA (Semitic)
89
0
20.2
59.6
0
0
20.2
0
0
0
Fregel et al. (2009)
Arabs (Tunisia - Kairouan )
AA (Semitic)
49
2
0
83.8
2
0
10.2
0
0
2.0
Elkamel et al. (2021)
Arabs (Tunisia - Oueslatia )
AA (Semitic)
46
0
0
23.9
0
0
54.4
0
4.3
17.4
Elkamel et al. (2021)
Arabs (Tunisia - Djerba )
AA (Semitic)
47
0
0
93.6
0
0
4.3
0
0
2.1
Manni et al. (2005)
Arabs (Tunisia - Djerba )
AA (Semitic)
47
0
0
75
0
0
11.7
0
0
0
Ennafaa et al. (2011)
Arabs (Tunisia - Sousse )
AA (Semitic)
220
0.5
2.3
54.6
0.5
0
34.1
0.5
0.9
6.8
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2015)
Arabs (Tunisia - Tunis )
AA (Semitic)
33
0
0
66.5
0
0
24.2
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)
Arabs (Tunisia - Tunis )
AA (Semitic)
148
0
2
49.3
0
0
35.8
0.7
6.1
0.7
Arredi et al. (2004)
Arabs (Tunisia - Zaghouan )
AA (Semitic)
32
0
9.4
43.7
0
0
46.9
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)
Arabs (Tunisia - Zriba )
AA (Semitic)
31
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cherni et al. (2005)
Copts of Sudan
AA (Egyptian)
100
0
74
0
7
0
1
0
0
15
Crubézy2010
Jews (Tunisia - Djerba )
AA (Semitic)
34
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
Manni et al. (2005)
Libyans
AA (Semitic)
175
0.6
0.6
44.6
1.1
1.1
34.3
1.7
5.1
10.9
Triki-Fendri et al. (2015)
Moroccans
AA (Semitic)
760
0.9
6
79
0.6
0.1
7.6
0
4.4
0
Bekada et al. (2013)
Moroccans
AA (Semitic)
316
0
0
52.5
0
0
1.2
0
3.4
42.9
Zalloua et al. (2008)
Moroccans
AA (Semitic)
221
0
6.4
75.9
0.9
0.5
9.1
0
4.1
0
Fregel et al. (2009)
Moroccans
AA (Semitic)
176
0
6.3
66.7
0
0
13.6
0
2.8
0
Bosch et al. (2001)
Moroccans
AA (Semitic)
51
3.9
5.9
54.9
0
0
19.6
0
3.9
0
Onofri et al. (2008)
Moroccans (Central)
AA (Semitic)
87
0
9.8
62.2
0
0
28
0
0
0
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013)
Spaniards (Canary Islands )
IE (Romance)
652
0
1.4
14.1
4
9.7
13.9
2.8
50.6
0
Fregel et al. (2009)
Subsaharans (Tunisia - Djerba )
AA (Semitic)
42
0
33.3
11.9
0
11.9
2.4
2.4
35.7
2.4
Khodjet-El-Khil, H. et al. (2005)
Tuaregs (Libya )
AA (Tamazight)
47
0
42.5
48.9
0
0
0
0
6.4
2.1
Ottoni et al. (2011)
Tunisians
AA (Semitic)
601
0.1
1.1
71.7
0.1
0.1
17.9
0.5
2.1
3.7
Bekada et al. (2013)
Tunisians
AA (Semitic)
62
0
0
82.3
0
0
8
0
0
9.7
Zalloua et al. (2008)
Tunisians (immigrants to Italy)
AA (Semitic)
52
0
0
57.7
0
0
38.4
0
0
0
Onofri et al. (2008)
By samples from country
Samples over-represent the smaller populations which are usually the subject of genetic studies
Country
n
A
B
E-M33
E-M2
E-M35*
E-M78*
E-V12
E-V32
E-V13
E-V22
E-V65
E-M81
E-M34
F
G
I
J1
J2
K
L
O
P,R
Q
R1a
R1b-V88
R1b-M269
R2
T
Mauritania /Western Sahara
189
-
0.53
5.29
6.88
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55.56
11.11
-
-
-
13.23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.88
0.53
-
-
Morocco
760
0.26
0.66
2.76
3.29
4.21
0.79
0.26
-
0.26
1.84
3.68
67.37
0.66
0.26
0.66
0.13
6.32
1.32
0.53
-
-
0.26
-
-
0.92
3.55
-
-
Algeria
156
-
-
0.64
5.13
0.64
1.92
0.64
-
0.64
1.28
1.92
44.23
1.28
3.85
-
-
21.79
4.49
0.64
-
-
-
0.64
0.64
2.56
7.04
-
-
Tunisia
601
-
0.17
0.5
0.67
1.66
-
-
-
-
3
3.16
62.73
1.16
2.66
0.17
0.17
16.64
2.83
0.33
-
-
0.33
-
0.5
1.83
0.33
-
1.16
Libya
83
-
-
-
38.55
-
-
-
-
2.41
-
4.82
45.78
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.41
-
-
6.02
-
-
-
Egypt
370
1.35
-
0.54
2.43
3.24
0.81
7.03
1.62
0.81
9.19
2.43
11.89
6.76
1.08
5.68
0.54
20.81
6.75
0.27
0.81
0.27
0.54
0.27
2.16
2.97
2.97
0.54
6.22
Geographic components for Y-DNA lineages
Component
Morocco (n=760)
Algeria (n=156)
Tunisia (n=601)
Mauritania/Western Sahara (189)
Egypt (370)
North Africa
79%
62.5%
71.7%
66.6%
43.7%
Middle East
7.6%
26.2%
19.4%
13.2%
27.5%
Europe
4.4%
9.5%
2.1%
7.4%
5.9%
West Africa
6%
5.7%
1.1%
12.1%
2.9%
East Africa
0.9%
0%
0.1%
0.5%
1.3%
See also
Africa
Y-DNA haplogroups by group
Notes
References
^ Bekada A, Arauna LR, Deba T, Calafell F, Benhamamouch S, Comas D (2015-09-24). "Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations" . PLOS ONE . 10 (9): e0138453. Bibcode :2015PLoSO..1038453B . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0138453 . PMC 4581715 . PMID 26402429 .
Abdeli A, Benhassine T (March 2019). "Paternal lineage of the Berbers from Aurès in Algeria: estimate of their genetic variation". Annals of Human Biology . 46 (2): 160–168. doi :10.1080/03014460.2019.1602166 . PMID 30939942 . S2CID 92998992 .
^ Dugoujon JM, Coudray C, Torroni A, Cruciani F, Scozzari F, Moral P, Louali N, Kossmann M (2009). "The Berber and the Berbers: Genetic and linguistic diversities". In Hombert JM, d'Errico F (eds.). Become Eloquent . John Benjamins. pp. 123–146.
^ Arredi B, Poloni ES, Paracchini S, Zerjal T, Fathallah DM, Makrelouf M, et al. (August 2004). "A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa" . American Journal of Human Genetics . 75 (2): 338–45. doi :10.1086/423147 . PMC 1216069 . PMID 15202071 .
^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, Benhamamouch S, González AM (2013). "Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape" . PLOS ONE . 8 (2): e56775. Bibcode :2013PLoSO...856775B . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0056775 . PMC 3576335 . PMID 23431392 .
^ Semino O, Magri C, Benuzzi G, Lin AA, Al-Zahery N, Battaglia V, et al. (May 2004). "Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area" . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 (5): 1023–34. doi :10.1086/386295 . PMC 1181965 . PMID 15069642 .
^ Ennafaa H, Fregel R, Khodjet-El-Khil H, González AM, Mahmoudi HA, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Benammar-Elgaaïed A (October 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia" . Journal of Human Genetics . 56 (10): 734–41. doi :10.1038/jhg.2011.92 . PMID 21833004 .
^ Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Martinez-Cruz B, Khodjet-el-khil H, Mendizabal I, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Comas D (October 2011). "Genetic structure of Tunisian ethnic groups revealed by paternal lineages". American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 146 (2): 271–80. doi :10.1002/ajpa.21581 . PMID 21915847 .
^ Manni F, Leonardi P, Patin É, Berrebi A, Khodjet el Khil H, Skorecki K, et al. (2005-06-01). "A Y-chromosome portrait of the population of Jerba (Tunisia) to elucidate its complex demographic history" . Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris . 17 (1–2): 103–114. doi :10.4000/bmsap.956 . ISSN 0037-8984 .
Cherni, Lotfi; Pereira, Luísa; Goios, Ana; Loueslati, Besma Yacoubi; Khil, Houssein Khodjet el; Gomes, Iva; Gusmão, Leonor; Alves, Cíntia; Slama, Abdelhakim; Amorim, António; Elgaaied, Amel Benammar (2005-08-11). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three ethnic groups and one cosmopolitan population from Tunisia" . Forensic Science International . 152 (1): 95–99. doi :10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.007 . ISSN 0379-0738 . PMID 15939181 .
Frigi, S. (2006-06-27). "Data for Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by 17 STRs (AmpFLSTR® Yfiler™) in two Tunisian Berber communities" . Forensic Science International . 160 (1): 80–83. doi :10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.007 . ISSN 0379-0738 . PMID 16005592 .
Frigi, S. (2005-08-11). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three ethnic groups and one cosmopolitan population from Tunisia" . Forensic Science International . 152 (1): 95–99. doi :10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.007 . ISSN 0379-0738 . PMID 15939181 .
^ Cherni, Lotfi; Pereira, Luísa; Goios, Ana; Loueslati, Besma Yacoubi; Khil, Houssein Khodjet el; Gomes, Iva; Gusmão, Leonor; Alves, Cíntia; Slama, Abdelhakim; Amorim, António; Elgaaied, Amel Benammar (2005-08-11). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three ethnic groups and one cosmopolitan population from Tunisia" . Forensic Science International . 152 (1): 95–99. doi :10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.007 . ISSN 0379-0738 . PMID 15939181 .
Robino C, Crobu F, Di Gaetano C, Bekada A, Benhamamouch S, Cerutti N, et al. (May 2008). "Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample". International Journal of Legal Medicine . 122 (3): 251–5. doi :10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5 . PMID 17909833 . S2CID 11556974 .
Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, Caeiro B, Cinnioğlu C, Roseman C, et al. (March 2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations" . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 (3): 532–44. doi :10.1086/382286 . PMC 1182266 . PMID 14973781 .
Kujanová M, Pereira L, Fernandes V, Pereira JB, Cerný V (October 2009). "Near eastern neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert". American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 140 (2): 336–46. doi :10.1002/ajpa.21078 . PMID 19425100 .
^ Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Haber M, Martínez-Cruz B, Zalloua P, Benammar Elgaaied A, Comas D (2013). "Genome-wide and paternal diversity reveal a recent origin of human populations in North Africa" . PLOS ONE . 8 (11): e80293. Bibcode :2013PLoSO...880293F . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0080293 . PMC 3842387 . PMID 24312208 .
^ Fregel R, Gomes V, Gusmão L, González AM, Cabrera VM, Amorim A, Larruga JM (August 2009). "Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European" . BMC Evolutionary Biology . 9 (1): 181. Bibcode :2009BMCEE...9..181F . doi :10.1186/1471-2148-9-181 . PMC 2728732 . PMID 19650893 .
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