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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.
Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.
List of isotopes
Nuclide |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) |
Half-life |
Decay mode |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity |
Isotopic abundance | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | |||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 37 | 75.95894(32)# | 28(9) ms | β? | Sr | 1−# | ||||||||||||
p? | Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, p? | Rb | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 38 | 76.95015(22)# | 63(17) ms | β | Sr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
p? | Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, p? | Rb | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 39 | 77.94399(32)# | 54(5) ms | β | Sr | (0+) | ||||||||||||
β, p? | Rb | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 0(500)# keV | 5.8(6) s | β | Sr | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
β, p? | Rb | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 40 | 78.937946(86) | 14.8(6) s | β | Sr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 41 | 79.9343548(67) | 30.1(5) s | β | Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
Y | 228.5(1) keV | 4.8(3) s | IT (81%) | Y | 1− | ||||||||||||||
β (19%) | Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 312.6(9) keV | 4.7(3) μs | IT | Y | (2+) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 42 | 80.9294543(58) | 70.4(10) s | β | Sr | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 43 | 81.9269302(59) | 8.30(20) s | β | Sr | 1+ | ||||||||||||
Y | 402.63(14) keV | 258(22) ns | IT | Y | 4− | ||||||||||||||
Y | 507.50(13) keV | 148(6) ns | IT | Y | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 44 | 82.922484(20) | 7.08(8) min | β | Sr | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
Y | 62.04(10) keV | 2.85(2) min | β (60%) | Sr | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||||
IT (40%) | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 45 | 83.9206711(46) | 39.5(8) min | β | Sr | (6+) | ||||||||||||
Y | 67.0(2) keV | 4.6(2) s | β | Sr | 1+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 210.42(16) keV | 292(10) ns | IT | Y | 4− | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 46 | 84.916433(20) | 2.68(5) h | β | Sr | (1/2)− | ||||||||||||
Y | 19.68(17) keV | 4.86(20) h | β | Sr | (9/2)+ | ||||||||||||||
IT? | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 266.18(10) keV | 178(7) ns | IT | Y | (5/2)− | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 47 | 85.914886(15) | 14.74(2) h | β | Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
Y | 218.21(9) keV | 47.4(4) min | IT (99.31%) | Y | (8+) | ||||||||||||||
β (0.69%) | Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 302.18(9) keV | 125.3(55) ns | IT | Y | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 48 | 86.9108761(12) | 79.8(3) h | β | Sr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 380.82(7) keV | 13.37(3) h | IT (98.43%) | Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β (1.57%) | Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 49 | 87.9095013(16) | 106.629(24) d | β | Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
Y | 392.86(9) keV | 301(3) μs | IT | Y | 1+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 674.55(4) keV | 13.98(17) ms | IT | Y | 8+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 50 | 88.90583816(36) | Stable | 1/2− | 1.0000 | |||||||||||||
Y | 908.97(3) keV | 15.663(5) s | IT | Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 51 | 89.90714175(38) | 64.05(5) h | β | Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 682.01(5) keV | 3.226(11) h | IT | Y | 7+ | ||||||||||||||
β (0.0018%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 52 | 90.9072980(20) | 58.51(6) d | β | Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 555.58(5) keV | 49.71(4) min | IT | Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 53 | 91.9089458(98) | 3.54(1) h | β | Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 807(50)# keV | 3.7(5) μs | IT | Y | 7+# | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 54 | 92.909578(11) | 10.18(8) h | β | Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 758.719(21) keV | 820(40) ms | IT | Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 55 | 93.9115921(68) | 18.7(1) min | β | Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 1202.3(10) keV | 1.304(12) μs | IT | Y | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 56 | 94.9128197(73) | 10.3(1) min | β | Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
Y | 1087.6(6) keV | 48.6(5) μs | IT | Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 57 | 95.9159093(65) | 5.34(5) s | β | Zr | 0− | ||||||||||||
Y | 1540(9) keV | 9.6(2) s | β | Zr | 8+ | ||||||||||||||
Y | 1655.0(11) keV | 181(9) ns | IT | Y | (6+) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 58 | 96.9182867(72) | 3.75(3) s | β (99.945%) | Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
β, n (0.055%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 667.52(23) keV | 1.17(3) s | β (>99.2%) | Zr | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (<0.7%) | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
β, n (0.11%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 3522.6(4) keV | 142(8) ms | IT (94.8%) | Y | (27/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β (5.2%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 59 | 97.9223948(85) | 548(2) ms | β (99.67%) | Zr | 0− | ||||||||||||
β, n (0.33%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 170.78(5) keV | 615(8) ns | IT | Y | 2− | ||||||||||||||
Y | 465.7(7) keV | 2.32(8) s | β (96.56%) | Zr | (6,7)+ | ||||||||||||||
β, n (3.44%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
IT? | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 496.10(11) keV | 6.90(54) μs | IT | Y | (4)− | ||||||||||||||
Y | 594(10) keV | 180(7) ns | IT | Y | (3−,4−) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 972.17(20) keV | 450(150) ns | IT | Y | (8+) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 1181.50(18) keV | 762(14) ns | IT | Y | (10−) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 60 | 98.9241608(71) | 1.484(7) s | β (98.23%) | Zr | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
β, n (1.77%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 2141.65(19) keV | 8.2(4) μs | IT | Y | (17/2+) | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 61 | 99.927728(12) | 940(30) ms | β | Zr | 4+ | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 144(16) keV | 727(6) ms | β (98.92%) | Zr | 1+# | ||||||||||||||
β, n (1.08%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 62 | 100.9301608(76) | 426(20) ms | β (97.7%) | Zr | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
β, n (2.3%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 1205.0(10) keV | 870(90) ns | IT | Y | 13/2−# | ||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 63 | 101.9343285(44) | 360(40) ms | β (>97.4%) | Zr | (5−) | ||||||||||||
β, n (<2.6%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 100(100)# keV | 300(100) ms | β (>97.4%) | Zr | (0−,1−) | ||||||||||||||
β, n (<2.6%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
IT? | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 64 | 102.937244(12) | 239(12) ms | β (92.0%) | Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n (8.0%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 65 | 103.94194(22)# | 197(4) ms | β (66%) | Zr | (0+,1+)# | ||||||||||||
β, n (34%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 66 | 104.94571(43)# | 95(9) ms | β | Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n (<82%) | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 67 | 105.95084(54)# | 75(6) ms | β | Zr | 2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 68 | 106.95494(54)# | 33.5(3) ms | β | Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 69 | 107.96052(64)# | 30(5) ms | β | Zr | 6−# | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 70 | 108.96513(75)# | 25(5) ms | β | Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 71 | |||||||||||||||||
Y | 39 | 72 | |||||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- Y – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
-
Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
- ^ Fission product
References
- "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
- Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.