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{{Short description|Uzbek variety of Afghanistan}} {{Short description|Uzbek dialect spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox language {{Infobox language
|name=Southern Uzbek |name=Southern Uzbek
|nativename=اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه سی |nativename=اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه‌سی
|states=], ], ], ] |states=]
|ethnicity=] |ethnicity=]
|speakers = L1: {{sigfig|4.756100|1}} million |speakers = ]: {{sigfig|3.482900|2}} million
|speakers2= L2: {{sigfig|0.540000|1}} million |speakers2= ]: {{sigfig|1.100000|2}} million (2022)<ref name=e27/>
|date = 2021 |date = 2017
|ref = e25 |ref = e27
|speakers_label = Speakers
|familycolor = Altaic |familycolor = Altaic
|fam1=] |fam1=]
Line 16: Line 17:
|fam4=] |fam4=]
|ancestor=] |ancestor=]
|ancestor2=] |ancestor2=]
|ancestor3=] |ancestor3=]
|nation={{AFG}} (3rd most spoken language) |nation=] (3rd most spoken language)
|script=] |script=]
|image = Uzbek language in nastaliq.jpg |image = Uzbek language in nastaliq.jpg
|imagescale =
|imagesize = 150px
|imagecaption = |imagecaption =
|iso3=uzs |iso3=uzs
Line 29: Line 30:
|notice=IPA |notice=IPA
|minority={{plainlist| |minority={{plainlist|
*{{flag|China}} *China
}} }}
|agency = ] |agency = ]
}} }}


{{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}}
⚫ '''Southern Uzbek''', also known as ''Afghan Uzbek'', is the southern variant of the ] and an official language of Afghanistan where it is based and has up to 6 million speakers. It uses the ] writing system in contrast to the language variant of ].


⚫ '''Southern Uzbek''', also known as '''Afghan Uzbek''', is the southern variant of the ], spoken chiefly in ] with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers.<ref name=e27/> It uses the ] writing system in contrast to the language variant of ].
⚫ Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the Northern Uzbek spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from ] (in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uzs|title=Uzbek, Southern}}</ref>

⚫ Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the ] spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However, it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from ], the local ] variety, in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uzs|title=Uzbek, Southern}}</ref>


== Southern Uzbek Alphabet == == Southern Uzbek Alphabet ==
Line 42: Line 45:
] ]


Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called ''Arab Yozuv'' ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to ], with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, '''"اۉ / ۉ"''' and '''"اې / ې"''', which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with '''"E e"''' and '''"Oʻ oʻ"'''. The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter '''"نگ"''', formerly (and currently in writing systems such as ]) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the ] sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wi'''ng'''man". Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called ''Arab Yozuv'' عرب یازوو ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to ], with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, '''"اۉ / ۉ"''' and '''"اې / ې"''' (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by '''"او / و"''' and '''"ای / ی"''' respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with '''"E e"''' and '''"Oʻ oʻ"'''. The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter '''"نگ"''', formerly (and currently in writing systems such as ]) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the ] sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wi'''ng'''man".


Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its ] rules, unlike other Turkic languages.<ref name=Asamura>Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. .</ref> Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its ] rules, unlike other Turkic languages.<ref name=Asamura>Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. .</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sjoberg|first1=Andrée F.|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar|series=Uralic and Altaic Series|volume=18|date=1963|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|pages=16–18|url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Uzbek%20Structural%20Grammar%20%28Sjoberg%29.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=DictionaryAimaq>Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) ()</ref> |+Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet (with alif at the beginning of words)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sjoberg|first1=Andrée F.|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar|series=Uralic and Altaic Series|volume=18|date=1963|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|pages=16–18|url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Uzbek%20Structural%20Grammar%20%28Sjoberg%29.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="DictionaryAimaq">Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) ()</ref>
|-align="center" |-align="center"
! rowspan="2" | Notes
! rowspan="2" | ] ! rowspan="2" | ]
! colspan="4" | Arabic ! colspan="3" | Arabic
! rowspan="2" | Latin ! rowspan="2" | Latin
! rowspan="2" | Cyrillic ! rowspan="2" | Cyrillic
Line 57: Line 61:
! Medial ! Medial
! Initial ! Initial
! Isolated
|- |-
|
| ~ |
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ه}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَه}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَ}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span>
| A a || А а | A a || А а
|- |-
|
| ~ |
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـا}}</span> |colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـا}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span>
|‌ O o || О о |‌ O o || О о
|- |-
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِی}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـیـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِیـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ایـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیـ}}</span>
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ای}}</span>
| I i || И и | I i || И и
|- |-
| In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.
⚫ |
| rowspan=2 |
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـې}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـې}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـېـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـېـ }}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اېـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اېـ}}</span>
⚫ | rowspan=2 | E e || rowspan=2 | Э э / Е е
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اې}}</span>
⚫ | E e || Э э / Е е
|- |-
| Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.<br />For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred to transliterate -e.
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِه}}</span>
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.
|
| N/A
| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِ }}</span>
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}</span>
| I i<br>E e || И и<br>Э э / Е е
|-
|
⚫ |
⚫ |colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـُو}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اُو}}</span>
⚫ |‌ U u || У у
|-
| In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by و.
| |
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـۉ}}</span> |colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـۉ}}</span>
|colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اۉ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اۉ}}</span>
| Oʻ oʻ || Ў ў | Oʻ oʻ || Ў ў
|- |-
| Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.
| |
⚫ |colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـو}}</span>
| N/A
⚫ |colspan=2 | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|او}}</span>
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـُ}}</span>
⚫ |‌ U u || У у
⚫ | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}</span>
| U u<br>Oʻ oʻ || У у<br>Ў ў
|} |}


Other than the additional combined letter '''"نگ / -ng"''', the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of ]. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters '''"ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع"''' are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They're solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages. Other than the additional combined letter '''"نگ / -ng"''', the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of ]. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters '''"ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع"''' are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They are solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Line 330: Line 356:
== See also == == See also ==
* ] * ]
* ]


== References == == References ==
Line 337: Line 364:
'''Dictionaries''' '''Dictionaries'''
* () by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada * () by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada
* Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
* Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
* *


Latest revision as of 22:35, 4 December 2024

Uzbek dialect spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Southern Uzbek
اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه‌سی
Native toAfghanistan
EthnicityUzbeks
SpeakersL1: 3.5 million (2017)
L2: 1.1 million (2022)
Language familyTurkic
Early formsMiddle Turkic
Writing systemPerso-Arabic
Official status
Official language inAfghanistan (3rd most spoken language)
Recognised minority
language in
  • China
Regulated byAfghan Ministry of Education
Language codes
ISO 639-3uzs
Glottologsout2699
Linguaspheredb 44-AAB-da, db
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
Persian alphabet
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی
Perso-Arabic script

Southern Uzbek, also known as Afghan Uzbek, is the southern variant of the Uzbek language, spoken chiefly in Afghanistan with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers. It uses the Perso-Arabic writing system in contrast to the language variant of Uzbekistan.

Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the Northern Uzbek spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However, it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from Dari, the local New Persian variety, in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient.

Southern Uzbek Alphabet

Main article: Uzbek alphabet
A 1911 text in Southern Uzbek

Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called Arab Yozuv عرب یازوو ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to Persian alphabet, with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, "اۉ / ۉ" and "اې / ې" (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by "او / و" and "ای / ی" respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with "E e" and "Oʻ oʻ". The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter "نگ", formerly (and currently in writing systems such as Uyghur) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the Voiced velar nasal sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wingman".

Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its vowel harmony rules, unlike other Turkic languages.

Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet (with alif at the beginning of words)
Notes IPA Arabic Latin Cyrillic
Final Medial Initial
ـَه‎ ـَ‎ اَ‎ A a А а
ـا‎ آ‎ ‌ O o О о
ـِی‎ ـِیـ‎ اِیـ‎ I i И и
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords. ـې‎ ـېـ ‎ اېـ‎ E e Э э / Е е
Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.
For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred to transliterate -e. 		ـِه‎ N/A N/A
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords. N/A ـِ ‎ اِ‎ I i
E e		 И и
Э э / Е е
ـُو‎ اُو‎ ‌ U u У у
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by و. ـۉ‎ اۉ‎ Oʻ oʻ Ў ў
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords. N/A ـُ‎ اُ‎ U u
Oʻ oʻ		 У у
Ў ў

Other than the additional combined letter "نگ / -ng", the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of Persian. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters "ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع" are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They are solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages.

Letter Latin IPA
Final Medial Initial Isolated
ـب‎ ـبـ‎ بـ‎ ب‎ B b /b/
ـپ‎ ـپـ‎ پـ‎ پ‎ P p /p/
ـت‎ ـتـ‎ تـ‎ ت‎ T t /t/
ـث‎ ـثـ‎ ثـ‎ ث‎ S s /s/
ـج‎ ـجـ‎ جـ‎ ج‎ J j /dʒ/
ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎ چ‎ Ch ch /tʃ/
ـح‎ ـحـ‎ حـ‎ ح‎ H h /h/
ـخ‎ ـخـ‎ خـ‎ خ‎ X x /x/
ـد‎ د‎ د‎ D d /d/
ـذ‎ ذ‎ ذ‎ Z z /z/
ـر‎ ر‎ ر‎ R r /r/
ـز‎ ز‎ ز‎ Z z /z/
ـژ‎ ژ‎ ژ‎ J j /ʒ/
ـس‎ ـسـ‎ سـ‎ س‎ S s /s/
ـش‎ ـشـ‎ شـ‎ ش‎ Sh Sh /ʃ/
ـص‎ ـصـ‎ صـ‎ ص‎ S s /s/
ـض‎ ـضـ‎ ضـ‎ ض‎ Z z /z/
ـط‎ ـطـ‎ طـ‎ ط‎ T t /t/
ـظ‎ ـظـ‎ ظـ‎ ظ‎ Z z /z/
ـع‎ ـعـ‎ عـ‎ ع‎ ʻ /ʔ/
ـغ‎ ـغـ‎ غـ‎ غ‎ Gʻ gʻ /ɣ~ʁ/
ـف‎ ـفـ‎ فـ‎ ف‎ F f /f/
ـق‎ ـقـ‎ قـ‎ ق‎ Q q /q/
ـک‎ ـکـ‎ کـ‎ ک‎ K k /k/
ـگ‎ ـگـ‎ گـ‎ گ‎ G g /g/
ـم‎ ـمـ‎ مـ‎ م‎ M m /m/
ـن‎ ـنـ‎ نـ‎ ن‎ N n /n/
ـنگ‎ ـنگـ‎ -‎ نگ‎ -ng /ŋ/
ـو‎ و‎ و‎ V v /v/
ـه‎ ـهـ‎ هـ‎ ه‎ H h /h/
ـی‎ ـیـ‎ یـ‎ ی‎ ‌ Y y /j/
-‎ ـئـ / ـأ / ـؤ‎ ئـ / أ / ؤ‎ ء‎ ʻ /ʔ/

See also

References

  1. ^ Southern Uzbek at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Closed access icon
  2. Scott Newton (20 November 2014). Law and the Making of the Soviet World: The Red Demiurge. Routledge. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-317-92978-9.
  3. "Uzbek, Southern".
  4. Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.5823/jarees.2007.48.
  5. Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963). Uzbek Structural Grammar (PDF). Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 18. Bloomington: Indiana University. pp. 16–18.
  6. Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) (Archive)

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