Revision as of 02:20, 2 November 2008 view sourceTarc (talk | contribs)24,217 edits Don't really see the point of this. Would assuje that this field is only necessary for someone whose name has is signifigantly different from birth to what they're known as.← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 23:06, 24 December 2024 view source TreeBear (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users803 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit App section source | ||
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{{Short description|President of the United States since 2021}} | |||
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{{Redirect2|Joseph Biden|Biden|his first-born son, Joseph Biden III|Beau Biden|other uses|Biden (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Redirect|Biden}} | |||
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<!--{{Redirect|Biden}} Biden no longer redirects here in the interest of appearing equitable during the U.S. election. This change should be reverted following the U.S. election.--> | |||
{{Use American English|date=July 2024}} | |||
{{Infobox Senator | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} | |||
|name = Joe Biden | |||
{{Infobox officeholder | |||
|image = Joe Biden, official photo portrait 2-cropped.jpg | |||
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| image = Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg | ||
| alt = Official portrait of Joe Biden as president of the United States | |||
|smallimage = | |||
|caption = | | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | ||
<!-- Current office layout is a result of consensus at ]. Please do not restore old version without seeking consensus on talk first. --> | |||
|order = ]<br />from ] | |||
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| order = 46th | ||
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| office = President of the United States | ||
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| vicepresident = ] | ||
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| term_start = January 20, 2021 | ||
| term_end = <!--Wait until he leaves office:January 20, 2025--> | |||
|successor = | |||
| predecessor = ] | |||
|order2 = Chairman of the ] | |||
| successor = <!--Wait until Trump takes office:Donald Trump--> | |||
|term_start2 = January 4, 1987 | |||
| |
| order2 = 47th | ||
| office2 = Vice President of the United States | |||
|predecessor2 = ] | |||
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| president2 = ] | ||
| term_start2 = January 20, 2009 | |||
|order3 = Chairman of the ] | |||
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| term_end2 = January 20, 2017 | ||
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| predecessor2 = ] | ||
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| successor2 = ] | ||
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| jr/sr3 = United States Senator | ||
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| state3 = ] | ||
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| term_start3 = January 3, 1973 | ||
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| term_end3 = January 15, 2009 | ||
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| predecessor3 = ] | ||
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| successor3 = ] | ||
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| birth_name = Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. | ||
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1942|11|20}} | ||
| birth_place = ], U.S. | |||
|successor5 = | |||
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| party = ] (since 1969) | ||
| otherparty = ] (1968–1969) | |||
|term_start6 = 2007 | |||
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| spouse = {{Plainlist}} | ||
* {{marriage|]|August 27, 1966|December 18, 1972|reason=died}} | |||
|deputy6 = ]<br /><small>as co-chairman</small> | |||
* {{marriage|]|June 17, 1977|}} | |||
|preceded6 = ] | |||
{{endplainlist}} | |||
|succeeded6 = | |||
| children = {{Flatlist}} | |||
|order7 = Member of the ] Council | |||
* ] | |||
|term_start7 = 1970 | |||
* ] | |||
|term_end7 = 1972 | |||
* Naomi | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|11|20}} | |||
* ] | |||
| birth_place = ], ] | |||
{{endflatlist}} | |||
| death_date = | |||
| relatives = ] | |||
| death_place = | |||
| residence = ] | |||
| spouse = Neilia Hunter (''deceased''; m. 1966 – 1972)<br />] (m. 1977) | |||
| occupation = {{Flatlist}} | |||
| children = ]<br />]<br />Naomi Christina Biden<br />Ashley Blazer Biden | |||
* Politician | |||
| party = ] | |||
* lawyer | |||
| residence = ], ] | |||
* author | |||
| alma_mater = ] <br /> ] | |||
{{endflatlist}} | |||
| occupation = | |||
| education = {{Plainlist}} | |||
| profession = ], ] | |||
* ] (]) | |||
| religion = ] | |||
* ] (]) | |||
| net worth = between $59,000 and $366,000<ref name="lat082408nw"/> | |||
{{endplainlist}} | |||
| signature = Joe_Biden_signature.svg | |||
| awards = ] | |||
| website = <br /><br /> | |||
| signature = Joe Biden Presidential Signature.svg | |||
| footnotes =<center>More detailed articles about Joe Biden<br />——————————<br />]<br /> ]<br /> ]<br /> | |||
| signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | |||
] {{·}} ]<br /></center> | |||
| website = {{Plainlist}} | |||
* {{Official website|whitehouse.gov/administration/president-biden/|name = White House website}} | |||
{{endplainlist}} | |||
| footnotes = <!-- Do not move the chairmanships anywhere else without discussing in talk page; moving them to the footnotes was allowed for in previous talk page discussions on the question of the chairmanships in the infobox. -->{{#invoke:collapsible list|main | |||
| titlestyle = background:lavender;text-align:center; | |||
| title = Other offices | |||
| bullets = on | |||
| 2007–2009: Chair of the ] | |||
| 2001{{efn|Biden held the chairmanship from January 3 to 20, then was succeeded by ] until June 6, and thereafter held the position until 2003.}}–2003, 2007–2009: Chair of the ] | |||
| 1987–1995: Chair of the ] | |||
| 1971–1973: Member of the ] from the 4th district | |||
}} | |||
| module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Joe Biden speaks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and the fall of Kabul.ogg|title=Joe Biden's voice|type=speech|description={{br entries|Biden speaks on the ] and the ].|Recorded August 16, 2021}}}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Joe Biden series}} | |||
'''Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. ''' ({{pron-en|'dʒoʊsəf rɒbɪ'nɛt 'baɪdən}}; born November 20, 1942) is the ] from ]. He is both the ] ] nominee for the ] and a candidate for re-election to the U.S. Senate. | |||
'''Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|b|ɪ|n|ɪ|t|_|ˈ|b|aɪ|d|ən|audio=Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. Pronunciation.wav}} {{respell|ROB|in|it|_|BY|dən}}; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who has been the 46th and current ] since 2021.<!-- Please see the "Current consensus" section on the talk page and do NOT change the first sentence without prior consensus. Thank you. --> A member of the ], he served as the 47th ] from 2009 to 2017 under President ] and represented ] in the ] from 1973 to 2009.<!-- Please see the "Current consensus" section on the talk page and do NOT change the first paragraph without prior consensus. Thank you. --> | |||
Biden was born in {{city-state|Scranton|Pennsylvania}}, and lived there for ten years prior to moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a ] in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the fifth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate in ], ], ], ], and ], and has served for the ] | |||
Born in ], Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He received a ] from the ] in 1965 and a ] from ] in 1968. He was elected to the ] in 1970 and the ]. ], Biden drafted and led the effort to pass the ] and the ]. He also oversaw six ] confirmation hearings, including the contentious ] and ]. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the ] and ]. In 2008, Obama chose Biden as his running mate, and he was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as vice president. In the ], the Democratic Party nominated Biden for president. He selected ] as his running mate, and they defeated ] incumbents ] and ]. He became the ] and the first to serve with a female vice president. | |||
Biden is a long-time member and current chairman of the ]. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the ]. He voted in favor of the ], but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has served as chairman of the ], dealing with issues related to ], crime prevention, and ], and led creation of the ] and ]. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious ] nominations of ] and ]. | |||
As president, Biden signed the ] in response to the ] and ]. He signed bipartisan ] and ]. He proposed the ], which failed in Congress, but aspects of which were incorporated into the ] that he signed into law in 2022. Biden ]. He worked with congressional Republicans to resolve the ] by negotiating ]. In ], Biden restored America's membership in the ]. He oversaw the ] that ended the ], leading to the ]. He ] by imposing ] and authorizing ]. During the ], Biden condemned the actions of ] as terrorism and sent ], as well as limited humanitarian aid to the ]. | |||
Biden unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in ] and ], both times dropping out early in the process. ] selected Biden to be the Democratic Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 U.S. election. If elected, he will be the first ] Vice President and the first Vice President from ]. | |||
In April 2023, Biden announced ] and, after the ], became the party's presumptive nominee in the ]. ] persisted throughout his term, with renewed scrutiny after his performance during the ] on June 27. On July 21, he ]<!--Seek talk page consensus before changing this clause-->, becoming the first U.S. president to decline to seek reelection after securing enough delegates to win renomination. Biden endorsed Vice President Harris to be the Democratic presidential nominee. Harris won the nomination but lost the general election to Trump. | |||
==Early life and education== | |||
Biden was born in ], the son of Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. (1915–2002) and Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Finnegan (born 1918).<ref name="wargs">{{citeweb|url=http://www.wargs.com/political/biden.html | title=Ancestry of Joe Biden | publisher=wargs.com | accessdate=2008-08-26}}</ref><ref name="ap-timeline"/> He was the first of four siblings<ref name="ap-timeline"/> in an ] family.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7574085.stm | title=Profile: Joe Biden | publisher=] | date=2008-08-23 | accessdate=2008-10-24}}</ref> He has two brothers, James Brian Biden and Francis W. Biden, and a sister, Valerie (Biden) Owens.<ref name="4biden">{{cite web|title=Joe Biden Biography|url=http://www.4biden.com/news/joe-biden-biography/|accessdate=2008-08-19|publisher=4Biden.com - Joe Biden For President 2008}}</ref> One of his grandfathers was a member of the ].<ref name="aap08-bio"/> | |||
== Early life (1942–1965) == | |||
Biden's father had been very well-off earlier in his life, but had suffered several business reverses by the time Biden was born,<ref name="nyt-father">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24biden.html | title=Father’s Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden | author=Broder, John M. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-10-23 | accessdate=2008-10-24}}</ref> and for several years the family had to live with Biden's maternal grandparents, the Finnegans.<ref name="nyt-father"/> When the Scranton area went into economic decline during the 1950s, Biden's father could not find enough work.<ref name="ap-scranton">{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug27/0,4670,CVNBidenapossScrantonRoots,00.html | title=Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression | author=Rubinkam, Michael | publisher=] for ] | date=2008-08-27 | accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> In 1953 the Biden family moved to an apartment in ], where they lived for a few years before moving to a house in ].<ref name="nyt-father"/> Joe Biden Sr. then did better as a ], and the family's circumstances were ].<ref name="ap-scranton"/><ref name="aap08-bio">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 364.</ref><ref name="nyt-father"/> | |||
{{Main|Early life and career of Joe Biden}} | |||
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born on November 20, 1942,<ref name="cong-bio">{{Biographical Directory of Congress |id=b000444 |name=Joseph R. Biden|inline=YES|access-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref> at St. Mary's Hospital in ],{{sfn|Witcover|2010|p=5}} to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden ({{née|Finnegan}}; 1917–2010) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. (1915–2002)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chase |first=Randall |date=January 9, 2010 |title=Vice President Biden's mother, Jean, dies at 92 |publisher=] |agency=] |url=https://www.witn.com/home/headlines/81062772.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=May 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520012620/https://www.witn.com/home/headlines/81062772.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Smolenyak |first=Megan |author-link=Megan Smolenyak |date=September 3, 2002 |title=Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator |newspaper=] |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html |access-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230113231/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The oldest child in a ] family of mostly Irish descent, along with English and French; he has a sister, ], and two brothers, Francis and ]. The Biden surname traces back to William Biden, an ancestor of his who emigrated from England to Maryland around 1820.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=8–9}} | |||
Biden attended the ] in Claymont,<ref name="senate-timeline">{{cite web | url=http://biden.senate.gov/senator/timeline/|title=Joe Biden Timeline | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> where he was a standout ]/] on the ] team; he helped lead a perennially losing team to an undefeated season in his senior year.<ref name="tnj092808">{{cite news | url=http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20080928/SPORTS14/809280371/1006/NEWS02 | title=Auks recall Biden as kid who wanted the ball | author=Frank, Martin | publisher='']'' | date=2008-09-28 | accessdate=2008-10-31}}</ref><ref name="nyt-father"/> He played on the ] team as well.<ref name="nyt-father"/> During these years, he participated in an ] ] at a Wilmington theatre.<ref name="cby-43"/> Academically, Biden was undistinguished,<ref name="nyt-father"/> but he was a natural leader among the students.<ref name="taylor-99"/> He graduated in 1961.<ref name="senate-timeline"/> | |||
Biden's father had been wealthy and the family purchased a home in the affluent Long Island suburb of ] in the fall of 1946,<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=The New Yorker|date=August 15, 2022|access-date=August 25, 2022|first=Adam|last=Entous|title=The Untold History of the Biden Family|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/22/the-untold-history-of-the-biden-family|archive-date=August 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825154155/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/22/the-untold-history-of-the-biden-family|url-status=live}}</ref> but he suffered business setbacks around the time Biden was seven years old,<ref>{{cite news |last=Russell |first=Katie |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Joe Biden's family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect |newspaper=] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/joe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter/ |access-date=December 1, 2020 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108150352/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/joe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="promises2008">{{cite book |last1=Biden |first1=Joe |title=Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics |date=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-8129-7621-2 |pages=16–17}}</ref>{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=7–8}} and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents in Scranton.<ref name="nyt-father">{{Cite news |last=Broder |first=John M. |date=October 23, 2008 |title=Father's Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24biden.html |access-date=October 24, 2008 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108082045/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24biden.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden's father could not find steady work.<ref name="ap-scranton">{{Cite news |last=Rubinkam |first=Michael |date=August 27, 2008 |title=Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression |publisher=] |agency=] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug27/0,4670,CVNBidenapossScrantonRoots,00.html |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185424/https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug27/0,4670,CVNBidenapossScrantonRoots,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning in 1953 when Biden was ten,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/05/21/trump-biden-scranton-pennsylvania-deserted-delaware/ |title=Joe Biden, who left Scranton at 10, 'deserted' Pennsylvania |last=Farzan |first=Antonia Noori |date=May 21, 2019 |newspaper=] |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105045522/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/05/21/trump-biden-scranton-pennsylvania-deserted-delaware/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the family lived in an apartment in ], before moving to a house in nearby ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ebert |first=Jennifer |title=Joe Biden's houses |work=Homes and Gardens |date=January 20, 2021 |url=https://www.homesandgardens.com/news/joe-biden-house |accessdate=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918200800/https://www.homesandgardens.com/news/joe-biden-house |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Newman |first=Meredith |title=How Joe Biden went from 'Stutterhead' to senior class president |newspaper=] |date=June 24, 2019 |url=https://eu.delawareonline.com/story/news/2019/06/24/how-joe-biden-overcame-stutter-class-president-archmere-high-school/1261174001/ |accessdate=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103124946/https://eu.delawareonline.com/story/news/2019/06/24/how-joe-biden-overcame-stutter-class-president-archmere-high-school/1261174001/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="promises2008" /><ref name="nyt-father" /> Biden Sr. later became a successful ], maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.<ref name="nyt-father" /><ref name="ap-scranton" /><ref name="aap08-bio">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 364.</ref> | |||
Biden attended the ] in ], where he was more interested in sports and socializing than in studying,<ref name="nyt-father"/> although his classmates were impressed by his ] abilities.<ref name="cby-43">''Current Biography Yearbook 1987'', p. 43.</ref> He played halfback with the ] freshman football team,<ref name="tnj092808"/> but left football in his junior year, without significant varsity experience, in order to spend more time with his out-of-state girlfriend.<ref name="tnj092808"/> He graduated with a ] with a ] in ] and ] in 1965,<ref name="ap-timeline"/> ranked 506th of 688 in his class.<ref>Taylor, ''See How They Run'', p. 98.</ref> | |||
At ] in Claymont,{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=27, 32}} Biden played baseball and was a standout ] and ] on the ] team.<ref name="nyt-father" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Frank |first=Martin |date=September 28, 2008 |title=Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball |page=D.1 |newspaper=] |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742718581.html?FMT=ABS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601081204/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742718581.html?FMT=ABS |archive-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> Though a poor student, he was ] in his junior and senior years.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=40–41}}{{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=99}} He graduated in 1961.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=40–41}} At the ] in ], Biden briefly played freshman football,<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', pp. 27, 32–33.</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Domenico |last=Montanaro |title=Fact Check: Biden's Too Tall Football Tale |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/fact-check-bidens-too-tall-football-tale-flna1c6504609 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221225751/https://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/16/14489712-fact-check-bidens-too-tall-football-tale |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |publisher=] |date=October 16, 2012}}</ref> and, as an unexceptional student,<ref name="nyt091887" /> received a Bachelor of Arts degree with a ] in history and ] in 1965.<ref name="ap-timeline" />{{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=98}} | |||
He went on to receive his ] from ] in 1968,<ref name="cong-bio"/> where by his own description he found it to be "the biggest bore in the world" and pulled many ]s to get by.<ref name="cby-43"/><ref name="nyt091887" /> During his first year there, he was accused of having plagiarized 5 of 15 pages of a law review article. Biden said it was inadvertent due to his not knowing the proper rules of citation, and he was permitted to retake the course after receiving a ] of F, which was subsequently dropped from his record.<ref name="nyt091887">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DB143FF93BA2575AC0A961948260 | title= Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not 'Malevolent' | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=September 18, 1987}}</ref> He was admitted to the Delaware ] in 1969.<ref name="cong-bio">{{cite web | publisher=]| url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000444|title=Biden, Joseph Robinette, Jr.|accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref> | |||
Biden had a ] and has mitigated it since his early twenties.<ref>{{cite web | last=Biden | first=Joseph R. Jr. |date=July 9, 2009 |title=Letter to National Stuttering Association chairman |url=https://www.westutter.org/pdfs/Joe_Biden-PublicGreeting_NationalStutteringAssoc_7.1.09.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728173845/https://www.westutter.org/pdfs/Joe_Biden-PublicGreeting_NationalStutteringAssoc_7.1.09.pdf |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |access-date=December 9, 2010 |publisher=]}}</ref> He has described his efforts to reduce it by reciting poetry before a mirror.{{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=99}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Janet|last=Hook|date=September 16, 2019 |title=Joe Biden's childhood struggle with a stutter: How he overcame it and how it shaped him |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-15/joe-bidens-childhood-struggle-with-a-stutter |access-date=July 24, 2020 |newspaper=] |archive-date=September 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916173912/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2019-09-15/joe-bidens-childhood-struggle-with-a-stutter |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden received five ] during this period, with the first coming in late 1963 and the last in early 1968, at the peak of the ].<ref name="ap-draft">{{cite news | url=http://www.courant.com/news/politics/ats-ap-cvn-biden-vietnamaug31,0,2934547.story | title=Biden received 5 deferments before being declared medically ineligible for Vietnam | author=Chase, Randall | publisher=] for '']'' | date=2008-08-31 | accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref> In April 1968, he was reclassified by the ] as not available for service due to having had asthma as a teenager.<ref name="ap-draft"/> Biden was not a part of the ]; he would later say that at the time he was preoccupied with marriage and law school, and that he "wore sports coats ... not tie-dyed".<ref>Taylor, ''See How They Run'', p. 96.</ref> | |||
== Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973) == | |||
Negative impressions of drinking alcohol in the Biden and Finnegan families and in the neighborhood led to Joe Biden's becoming a ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/16/riding-the-rails-with-amtrak-joe/ | title=Riding the Rails With Amtrak Joe | author=Leibovich, Mark | publisher='']'' | date=2008-09-16 | accessdate=2008-09-17}}</ref><ref name="nyt-father"/> Biden suffered from ] through much of his childhood and into his twenties;<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nsastutter.org/newdetails/index.php?id=212 | title=Senator Joe Biden's 2004 Keynote Speech | publisher=National Stuttering Association| date=2008-08-26 | accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> he overcame it via long hours spent reciting poetry in front of a mirror.<ref name="taylor-99">{{cite book | last=Taylor | first=Paul | title=See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy | publisher=] | year=1990 | isbn=0-394-47059-6}} p. 99.</ref> | |||
{{Main|Early life and career of Joe Biden|l1 = Early career of Joe Biden}} | |||
{{See also|Family of Joe Biden}} | |||
Biden married ], a student at ], on August 27, 1966,<ref name="ap-timeline">{{Cite news |date=August 23, 2008 |title=A timeline of U.S. Sen. Joe Biden's life and career |work=] |agency=] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/08/22/politics/p222636D16.DTL |url-status=dead |access-date=September 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925021142/https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2008%2F08%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fp222636D16.DTL |archive-date=September 25, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Abby |title=The One: Joe Biden's 1st wife Neilia Biden shaped his life, career while at Syracuse |url=https://dailyorange.com/2022/02/joe-bidens-1st-wife-neilia-biden-shaped-life-career-syracuse/ |access-date=June 13, 2023 |work=] |date=February 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622163633/https://dailyorange.com/2022/02/joe-bidens-1st-wife-neilia-biden-shaped-life-career-syracuse/ |url-status=live}}</ref> after overcoming her parents' disinclination for her to wed a Catholic. Their wedding was held in a Catholic church in ].<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', pp. 32, 36–37.</ref> They had three children: ], ], and Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden.<ref name="ap-timeline" /> | |||
==Family and early political career== | |||
On August 27, 1966, Biden, then a law student, married Neilia Hunter, who was from an affluent background in ] and had attended ].<ref name="ap-timeline">{{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/08/22/politics/p222636D16.DTL | title=Timeline of Biden's life and career | publisher=] | date=2008-08-23 | accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref><ref name="nyt-ease">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/us/politics/14biden.html | title=Biden Campaigning With Ease After Hardships | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=2007-12-14 | accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref><ref name="nyt-father"/> They had met in 1964 while on ] in ], and he had overcome her parents' initial reluctance for her to be dating a Roman Catholic.<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', pp. 25, 28.<!--TBD doublecheck pg nos--></ref> They had three children, ] (born 1969), ] (born 1970), and Naomi Christina (born 1971).<ref name="ap-timeline"/> | |||
Biden earned a ] from ] in 1968. In his first year of law school, he failed a course because he ] a law review article for a paper he wrote, but the failing grade was later stricken. His grades were relatively poor, and he graduated 76th in a class of 85 students.<ref name="nyt091887" /> He was ] to the ] in 1969.<ref name="cong-bio" /> | |||
In 1969, Biden began practicing law in ], first as a ] and then with his own firm, Biden and Walsh.<ref name="cby-43"/> But ] did not appeal to him and ] did not pay well.<ref name="nyt-father"/> He ran as a Democrat for the ] ] on a liberal platform that included support for ] in the suburban area.<ref name="cby-43"/> He won by a solid margin in the usually ] district,<ref name="cby-43"/> and served from 1970 to 1972<ref name="cong-bio"/> while continuing his private law practice as well.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/joe-biden/ | title=2008 Presidential Candidates: Joe Biden | publisher='']'' | accessdate=2008-10-24}}</ref> | |||
Biden clerked at a ] law firm headed by prominent local ] William Prickett in 1968 and, he later said, "thought of myself as a Republican".<ref name="dmn-87">{{Cite news |last=Leubsdorf |first=Carl P. |date=September 6, 1987 |title=Biden Keeps Sights Set On White House |work=] |url=https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_text_direct-0=0ED3CF5858543A33&p_field_direct-0=document_id |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103080715/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_text_direct-0=0ED3CF5858543A33&p_field_direct-0=document_id |url-status=live}} Reprinted in {{cite news |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/washington/cleubsdorf/stories/082308dnpolbiden87profile.4d6e19b.html |title=Lifelong ambition led Joe Biden to Senate, White House aspirations |date=August 23, 2008 |newspaper=] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919060037/https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/washington/cleubsdorf/stories/082308dnpolbiden87profile.4d6e19b.html |archive-date=September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Laurence I. |date=June 22, 1987 |title=Campaign Portrait, Joe Biden: Orator for the Next Generation |magazine=] |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964716,00.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113235512/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964716,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor ]'s conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, ], who defeated Terry in 1968.<ref name="dmn-87" /> Local Republicans attempted to recruit Biden, but he registered as an ] because of his distaste for Republican presidential candidate ].<ref name="dmn-87" /> | |||
His entry into the ] presented Biden with a unique circumstance. Longtime Delaware political figure and Republican incumbent Senator ] was considering retirement, which would likely have left ] ] and Wilmington Mayor ] in a divisive ] fight. To avoid that, ] ] helped convince Boggs to run again with full party support.<ref>{{cite book |title = Only in Delaware, Politics and Politicians in the First State |last = Cohen |first = Celia |authorlink = |coauthors = |year = 2002 |publisher = Grapevine Publishing |id =}} p. 199</ref> No other Democrat wanted to run against Boggs.<ref name="cby-43"/> Biden's campaign had virtually no money and was given no chance of winning.<ref name="nyt-father"/> It was managed by his sister Valerie Biden Owens (who would go on to manage his future campaigns as well) and staffed by other members of his family, and relied upon handed-out newsprint position papers.<ref name="npr-72">{{cite news | url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14999603 | title=Biden's Road to Senate Took Tragic Turn | author=Naylor, Brian | publisher=] | date=2007-10-08 | accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref> Biden did receive some assistance from the ] and Democratic pollster ].<ref name="cby-43"/> Biden's campaign issues focused on withdrawal from Vietnam, the environment, civil rights, mass transit, more equitable taxation, health care, the public's dissatisfaction with politics-as-usual, and "change".<ref name="npr-72"/><ref name="cby-43"/> During the summer Biden trailed by almost 30 percentage points,<ref name="cby-43"/> but his energy level, his attractive young family, and his ability to connect with voters' emotions gave the surging Biden an advantage over the ready-to-retire Boggs.<ref name="aap08-bio"/> Biden won the November 7, 1972 election in an upset by a margin of 3,162 votes.<ref name="npr-72"/> | |||
] | |||
On December 18, 1972, a few weeks after the election, Biden's wife and one-year-old daughter were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in ].<ref name="ap-timeline"/> Neilia Biden's station wagon was hit by a tractor-trailer as she pulled out from an intersection; the truck driver was cleared of any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080904/NEWS02/809040379 | title=1972 crash still haunts driver's family | author=Kipp, Rachel | publisher='']'' | date=2008-09-04 | accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> Biden's two sons, Beau and Hunter, were critically injured in the accident, but both eventually made full recoveries.<ref name="ap-timeline"/> Biden considered resigning in order to care for them;<ref name="aap08-bio"/> he was persuaded not to by ] ] and was sworn into office from one of their bedsides.<ref name="lat-joe">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-biden24-2008aug24,0,5581055,full.story | title=In his home state, Biden is a regular Joe | author=Levey, Noam M. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> The accident left Biden filled with both anger and religious doubt: "I liked to at night when I thought there was a better chance of finding a fight ... I had not known I was capable of such rage ... I felt God had played a horrible trick on me."<ref name="lat-joe"/> | |||
In 1969, Biden practiced law, first as a ] and then at a law firm headed by a locally active Democrat,<ref name="cby-43">''Current Biography Yearbook 1987'', p. 43.</ref><ref name="dmn-87" /> who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to reform and revitalize the state party;{{sfn|Witcover|2010|p=86}} Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat.<ref name="dmn-87" /> He and another attorney also formed a law firm.<ref name="cby-43" /> ] did not appeal to him, and ] did not pay well.<ref name="nyt-father" /> He supplemented his income by managing properties.<ref name="watn020109">{{Cite news |last=Palmer |first=Nancy Doyle |date=February 1, 2009 |title=Joe Biden: 'Everyone Calls Me Joe' |work=] |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2009/02/01/joe-biden-everyone-calls-me-joe/ |access-date=February 4, 2009 |archive-date=July 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731071850/https://www.washingtonian.com/2009/02/01/joe-biden-everyone-calls-me-joe/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In order to be at home every day for his young sons,<ref name="family values">{{cite news|url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071201/OPINION/712010307&template=single | title=Biden a smart guy who has lived his family values | author=Pride, Mike | publisher='']''|date=2007-12-01|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref> Biden began the practice of commuting an hour and a half each day on the train from his home in the Wilmington suburbs to ], which he continues to do.<ref name="aap08-bio"/> In the aftermath of the accident, he had trouble focusing on work, and appeared to just go through the motions of being a senator. In his memoirs, Biden notes that staffers were taking bets on how long he would last.<ref name="npr-int">{{cite news | url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12389154 | title=On Becoming Joe Biden | work=] | publisher=] | date=2007-08-01 | accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref><ref name="nyt-ease"/> A single father for five years, Biden left standing orders that he be interrupted in the Senate at any time if his sons called.<ref name="lat-joe"/> In remembrance of his wife and daughter, Biden does not work on December 18, the anniversary of the accident.<ref name="ap-aug22"/> Biden's elder son, ], later became ] and an Army ] serving in Iraq,<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2008-08-23|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121919956426355701.html?mod=googlenews_wsj | |||
|title=Biden's Foreign Policy Background Carries Growing Cachet|author=Cooper, Christopher|work=] | |||
|date=2008-08-20|page=A4}}</ref> and his younger son, ], is a Washington attorney. | |||
Biden ran for the 4th district seat on the ] in 1970 on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburbs.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|p=59}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harriman |first=Jane |date=December 31, 1969 |title=Joe Biden: Hope for Democratic Party in '72? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-journal/8326887/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009054235/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-journal/8326887/ |archive-date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-09 |work=The News Journal |location=Wilmington, Delaware |page=3 |via=]}}</ref> The seat had been held by Republican Henry R. Folsom, who was running in the 5th District following a reapportionment of council districts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/24355/MSS0733_F5.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Republican Information Center: 1970 List of Candidates |last=Delaware Republican State Headquarters |year=1970 |website=University of Delaware Library Institutional Repository |publisher=] |location=Newark, DE |access-date=January 13, 2021 |page=11 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185424/https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/24355/MSS0733_F5.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 1, 1969 |title=County Ponders Housing Code |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67562209/housing-code/ |work=] |location=Wilmington, DE |page=2 |via=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185425/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67562209/housing-code/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockman |first=Norm |date=December 20, 1969 |title=New Housing Code Favored for County |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67562907/housing-code/ |work=] |location=Wilmington, DE |page=2 |via=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185426/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67562907/housing-code/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden won the general election, defeating Republican Lawrence T. Messick, and took office on January 5, 1971.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 2, 1971 |title=County Council to Take Oath |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67554678/council-oath/ |work=] |location=Wilmington, DE |page=4 |via=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185436/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67554678/council-oath/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 6, 1971 |title=Conner Calls Shake of 7 Lucky Omen for Council |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67567899/lucky-omen/ |work=] |location=Wilmington, DE |page=3 |via=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185426/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67567899/lucky-omen/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He served until January 1, 1973, and was succeeded by Democrat Francis R. Swift.<ref>{{cite news |last=Frump |first=Bob |date=November 8, 1972 |title=GOP Decade Ends with Slawik Win |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67555456/gop-decade/ |work=] |location=Wilmington, DE |page=3 |via=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185431/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67555456/gop-decade/ |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=52–64}} During his time on the county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=52–64}} | |||
In 1975, Biden met ], who grew up in ] and would become a teacher in Delaware.<ref name="nyt082508"/> They had met on a blind date with Biden's brother's help, although it turned out that Biden had already noticed her in a local advertisement.<ref name="nyt082508">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/25/us/politics/25wife.html | title=Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight | author=Seelye, Katharine Q. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> Biden would credit her with renewing his interest in both politics and life.<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', pp. 117–118.</ref> On June 17, 1977, Biden and Jacobs married.<ref name="ap-timeline"/> They have one daughter, Ashley Blazer (born 1981).<ref name="ap-timeline"/> Biden and his family are members of the ], and regularly attend services at St. Joseph on the Brandywine in ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080825/NEWS02/808250357 | title=Parishioners not surprised to see Biden at Mass | author=Gibson, Ginger | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-25 | accessdate=2008-09-28}}</ref> | |||
Biden had not openly supported or opposed the ] until he ran for Senate and opposed Richard Nixon's conduct of the war.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=50, 75}} While studying at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, Biden obtained five student ] deferments at a time when most draftees were sent to the war. Based on a physical examination, he was given a conditional medical deferment in 1968; in 2008, a spokesperson for Biden said his having had "] as a teenager" was the reason for the deferment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caldera |first1=Camille |title=Fact check: Biden, like Trump, received multiple draft deferments from Vietnam |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/09/16/fact-check-biden-received-multiple-draft-deferments-vietnam/5809482002/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |work=] |date=September 16, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630191208/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/09/16/fact-check-biden-received-multiple-draft-deferments-vietnam/5809482002/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==United States Senator== | |||
When Biden did take office on January 3, 1973, at age 30 (the minimum age to become a ]), he became the fifth-youngest senator in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Youngest_Senator.htm | title=Youngest Senator | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> In 1974, freshman Senator Biden was named one of the ''200 Faces for the Future'' by '']'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879402-6,00.html |title=200 Faces for the Future|publisher='']''|date =July 15, 1974|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> | |||
=== 1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware === | |||
Biden has since been elected to five additional terms, in most cases with about 60 percent of the vote.<ref name="aap08-366"/> He has not faced strong opposition; Governor ] chose not to run against him in 1984.<ref name="cby-44">''Current Biography Yearbook 1987'', p. 44.</ref> Biden spent 28 years as a junior senator due to the two-year seniority of his Republican colleague ]. After Roth was defeated for re-election by ] in 2000, Biden became Delaware's senior senator. He is now the longest-serving senator in Delaware history.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/23/biden.democrat.vp.candidate/ | title= Obama introduces Biden as running mate | publisher=] | date=2008-08-23 | accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|1972 United States Senate election in Delaware}} | |||
] | |||
Biden defeated Republican incumbent ] to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware in 1972. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs and, with minimal campaign funds, he was thought to have no chance of winning.<ref name="cby-43" /><ref name="nyt-father" /> Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers,<ref name="npr-72">{{Cite news |last=Naylor |first=Brian |date=October 8, 2007 |title=Biden's Road to Senate Took Tragic Turn |publisher=] |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14999603 |access-date=September 12, 2008 |archive-date=September 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911183158/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14999603 |url-status=live}}</ref> an approach made feasible by Delaware's small size.<ref name="watn020109" /> He received help from the ] and Democratic pollster ].<ref name="cby-43" /> His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care and public dissatisfaction with "politics as usual".<ref name="cby-43" /><ref name="npr-72" /> A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points,<ref name="cby-43" /> but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters' emotions worked to his advantage,<ref name="aap08-bio" /> and he won with 50.5% of the vote.<ref name="npr-72" /> | |||
In February 1988, after suffering from several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden was taken by long-distance ambulance to ] and given lifesaving surgery to correct a ] that had begun leaking;<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5D91E38F930A15751C0A96E948260 | |||
|title= The Doctor's World; Subtle Clues Are Often The Only Warnings Of Perilous Aneurysms | |||
|author=Altman, Lawrence, M.D. | publisher='']''|date=1998-02-23| accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref><ref name="nyt-4cmed">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/us/politics/20health.html | title=Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees’ Health |author=Altman, Lawrence, M.D. | publisher='']''|date=2008-10-19|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> the situation was serious enough that a priest had administered ] at the hospital.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/22/AR2008102203657.html | title=Campaign Curriculum | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=2008-10-23 | accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> While recuperating, he suffered a ], which represented a major complication.<ref name="nyt-4cmed"/> Another operation to repair a second aneurysm, which had caused no symptoms but was also at risk from bursting, was performed in May 1988.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940de5d81739f937a35756c0a96e948260 | title= Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm | publisher=] for '']'' | date=1988-05-04}}</ref><ref name="nyt-4cmed"/> The hospitalization and recovery kept Biden from his duties in the U.S. Senate for seven months.<ref name="ap-aug22">{{cite news | url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/aug/22/biden-speaks-_-and-speaks-_-his-own-mind/ | title=Biden speaks – and speaks – his own mind | publisher=] for '']'' | date=2008-08-22 | accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> Biden has had no recurrences or effects from the aneurysms since then.<ref name="nyt-4cmed"/> | |||
=== Death of wife and daughter === | |||
Biden serves on the following committees in the ]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biden.senate.gov/committee_work/|title=Senator Biden's Committee Work|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref> | |||
A few weeks after Biden was elected senator, his wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in ], on December 18, 1972.<ref name="ap-timeline" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 19, 1972 |title=Biden's Wife, Child Killed in Car Crash |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/19/archives/bidens-wife-child-killed-in-car-crash.html |page=9 |access-date=January 8, 2021 |agency=United Press International |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202063824/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/19/archives/bidens-wife-child-killed-in-car-crash.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Neilia's station wagon was hit by a semi-trailer truck as she pulled out from an intersection. Their sons Beau (aged 3) and Hunter (aged 2) were in the car and were taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries, Beau with a broken leg and other wounds and Hunter with a minor skull fracture and other head injuries.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=93, 98}} Biden considered resigning to care for them,<ref name="aap08-bio" /> but ] ] persuaded him not to.<ref>{{cite news|last=Levey |first=Noam M. |date=August 24, 2008 |title=In his home state, Biden is a regular Joe |newspaper=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-biden24-story.html |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230125100/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-biden24-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden contemplated suicide and was filled with anger and religious doubt.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cohen |first=Max |date=August 17, 2020 |title=Biden says he thought about suicide after 1972 death of his wife and daughter |work=] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/17/biden-contemplated-suicide-after-1972-deaths-wife-daughter-397487 |access-date=April 30, 2024 |archive-date=July 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721183748/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/17/biden-contemplated-suicide-after-1972-deaths-wife-daughter-397487 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bedigan |first=Mike |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Biden opens up about contemplating suicide after tragic deaths of first wife and daughter |work=] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/joe-biden-suicide-howard-stern-b2535629.html |access-date=April 30, 2024 |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430031830/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/joe-biden-suicide-howard-stern-b2535629.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He wrote that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', p. 81</ref> and had trouble focusing on work.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bumiller |first=Elisabeth |author-link=Elisabeth Bumiller |date=December 14, 2007 |title=Biden Campaigning With Ease After Hardships |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/us/politics/14biden.html |access-date=September 13, 2008 |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210154755/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/us/politics/14biden.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 1, 2007 |title=On Becoming Joe Biden |work=] |publisher=] |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12389154 |access-date=September 12, 2008 |archive-date=September 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909093445/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12389154 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
*] (chairman) | |||
**As chairman of the full committee Biden is an ''ex officio'' member of each subcommittee. | |||
*] | |||
**] | |||
**] (chairman) | |||
**] | |||
**] | |||
**] | |||
*] (co-chairman) | |||
] and ] ] after signing ], 1979]] | |||
Biden has been co-chair of the ] Observer Group in the Senate.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1997/9705-05.htm | title=Transatlantic relations: Stormy weather on the way to enlargement? | author=Sloan, Stanley | publisher=NATO Review|date=October 1997| accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> | |||
=== |
=== Second marriage === | ||
], met in 1975 and married in 1977.|alt=Photo of Biden and his wife smiling, dressed casually]] | |||
Biden is a long-time member of the ], which he chaired from 1987 until 1995 and on which he served as ] from 1981 until 1987 and again from 1995 until 1997. In this capacity, he dealt with issues related to ], crime prevention, and ]. | |||
Biden met teacher ] in 1975 on a ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Seelye |first=Katharine Q. |date=August 24, 2008 |title=Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/25/us/politics/25wife.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210193454/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/25/us/politics/25wife.html |archive-date=December 10, 2008}}</ref> They married at the ] in New York on June 17, 1977,<ref>{{cite news |last=Dart |first=Bob |date=October 24, 2008 |title=Bidens met, forged life together after tragedy |newspaper=] |agency=] |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2008-10-24-a3bidenwife24-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020153208/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2008-10-24-a3bidenwife24-story.html |archive-date=October 20, 2020}}</ref><ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', p. 117.</ref> and spent their honeymoon at ] in the ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://444.hu/2020/11/08/biden-es-felesege-1977-ben-a-balatonnal-voltak-naszuton | title=Biden és felesége 1977-ben a Balatonnál voltak nászúton |last=Sarkadi |first= Zsolt | work=444.hu | date=November 8, 2020 | access-date=November 8, 2020 | language=hu | archive-date=November 8, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108225640/https://444.hu/2020/11/08/biden-es-felesege-1977-ben-a-balatonnal-voltak-naszuton | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54868002 | title=US election: What does Joe Biden's win mean for Brexit Britain and Europe? | author-first=Katya | author-last=Adler | work=BBC News | date=November 8, 2020 | access-date=November 9, 2020 | archive-date=November 10, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110014205/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54868002 | url-status=live}}</ref> Biden credits her with the renewal of his interest in politics and life.<ref>Biden, ''Promises to Keep'', p. 113.</ref> The couple attends Mass at ] in ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Parishioners not surprised to see Biden at usual Mass |last=Gibson|first=Ginger |newspaper=] |date=August 25, 2008 |page=A.12 |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742751081.html?FMT=ABS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601093036/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742751081.html?FMT=ABS |archive-date=June 1, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Yuan |first=Jada |date=October 28, 2021 |title=Jill Biden paid a surprise visit to the woman who helped her regain faith in God |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2021/10/18/jill-biden-lost-faith/ |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306230305/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2021/10/18/jill-biden-lost-faith/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stravinskas |first=Peter M.J. |date=January 27, 2023 |title=Some questions about the Bidens' 1977 Catholic wedding |work=] |url=https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2023/01/27/some-questions-about-the-bidens-1977-catholic-wedding/ |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305141036/https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2023/01/27/some-questions-about-the-bidens-1977-catholic-wedding/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In 1981, the couple had a daughter, ].<ref name="ap-timeline" /> She is a social worker and married to physician ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/fashion/weddings/ashley-biden-howard-krein-wedding.html |title=Ashley Biden and Howard Krein |newspaper=] |date=June 3, 2012 |page=ST15 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101001405/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/fashion/weddings/ashley-biden-howard-krein-wedding.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Jill helped raise her stepsons, Hunter and Beau, who were seven and eight respectively at the time of her marriage. Hunter has worked as a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser; his business dealings, ], and ] have come under ] during his father's presidency. In December 2024, Biden pardoned Hunter following his ] on gun and tax charges despite repeated promises that he would not do so.<ref name = "NBCpardon">{{cite web |title=President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/joe-biden-issue-pardon-son-hunter-biden-rcna182369 |website=nbcnews.com |publisher=NBC News |access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Emma |date=August 24, 2008 |title=My Son, The Lobbyist: Biden's Son a Well-Paid DC Insider |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=5640118&page=1 |access-date=January 4, 2023 |agency=ABC News |archive-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104005221/https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=5640118&page=1 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Levenson |first=Michael |date=August 11, 2023 |title=A Timeline of Hunter Biden's Life and Legal Troubles |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/11/us/politics/hunter-biden-legal-troubles-timeline.html |access-date=September 28, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928092007/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/11/us/politics/hunter-biden-legal-troubles-timeline.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="White House 2024">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Statement from President Joe Biden |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/12/01/statement-from-president-joe-biden-11/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref> Beau became an Army ] in Iraq and later ];<ref>{{cite news|access-date=August 23, 2008 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121919956426355701|title=Biden's Foreign Policy Background Carries Growing Cachet |last=Cooper |first=Christopher |newspaper=] |date=August 20, 2008 |page=A4 |archive-date=June 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601130450/https://online.wsj.com/article/SB121919956426355701.html |url-status=live}}</ref> he died of brain cancer in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/vice-president-joe-bidens-son-beau-dies-n367171 |first=Phil |last=Helsel |title=Beau Biden, Son of Vice President Joe Biden, Dies After Battle With Brain Cancer |publisher=] |date=May 31, 2015 |access-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-date=January 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122170447/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/vice-president-joe-bidens-son-beau-dies-n367171 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Kane |date=May 31, 2015 |newspaper=] |title=Family losses frame Vice President Biden's career |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/beau-biden-vice-presidents-son-dies-of-brain-cancer-at-46/2015/05/31/4198da78-07c6-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html |access-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230125058/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/beau-biden-vice-presidents-son-dies-of-brain-cancer-at-46/2015/05/31/4198da78-07c6-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
While chairman, Biden presided over the two most contentious ] confirmation hearings in history, those for ] in 1987 and ] in 1991.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> In the ], Biden stated his opposition to Bork soon after the nomination, reversing an approval in an interview of a hypothetical Bork nomination he had made the previous year and angering conservatives who thought he could not conduct the hearings dispassionately.<ref name="bronner">{{cite book | last=Bronner | first=Ethan | title=Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America | publisher=] | year=1989 | isbn=0-393-02690-6}} pp. 138–139, 214, 305.</ref> At the close, Biden won praise for conducting the proceedings fairly and with good humor and courage, as his 1988 presidential campaign collapsed in the middle of the hearings.<ref name="nyt-lg-87">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DF153BF93BA35753C1A961948260 | title= Washington Talk: The Bork Hearings; For Biden: Epoch of Belief, Epoch of Incredulity | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=1987-10-08}}</ref><ref name="bronner"/> Rejecting some of the less intellectually honest arguments that other Bork opponents were making,<ref name="aap08-bio" /> Biden framed his discussion around the belief that the ] provides rights to liberty and privacy that extend beyond those explicitly enumerated in the text, and that Bork's strong ] was ideologically incompatible with that view.<ref name="nyt-lg-87"/> Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 9–5 vote,<ref name="nyt-lg-87"/> and then rejected in the full Senate by a 58–42 margin. | |||
=== Teaching === | |||
In the ], Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often long and convoluted, sometimes such that Thomas forgot the question being asked.<ref name="mayer-abramson">{{cite book | last=Mayer | first=Jane | authorlink=Jane Mayer | coauthors=] | title=Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas | publisher=] | year=1994 | isbn=0-395-633184-4}} p. 213, 218, 336.</ref> Thomas later wrote that despite earlier private assurances from the senator, Biden's questions had been akin to a ].<ref name="thomas-vi">{{cite news | title = Clarence Thomas: A Silent Justice Speaks Out: Part VI: Becoming a Judge — and perhaps a Justice| author = Greenburg, Jan Crawford| publisher = ]| date = 2007-09-30| url = http://www.abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/Story?id=3664944&page=4| accessdate = 2008-10-18 }}</ref> The nomination came out of the committee without a recommendation, with Biden opposed.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> In part due to his own bad experiences in 1987 with his presidential campaign, Biden was reluctant to let personal matters enter into the hearings.<ref name="mayer-abramson"/> Biden initially shared with committee, but not the public, ]'s sexual harassment charges, on the grounds she was not yet willing to testify.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> After she did, Biden did not permit other witnesses to testify further on her behalf, such as Angela Wright (who made a similar charge) and experts on harassment.<ref name="nyt-hill">{{cite news | url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/biden-and-anita-hill-revisited/ | title=Biden and Anita Hill, Revisited | author=Phillips, Kate | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-23 | accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref> Biden said he was striving to preserve Thomas's ] and the decency of the hearings.<ref name="nyt-hill"/><ref name="mayer-abramson"/> The nomination was approved by a 52–48 vote in the full Senate, with Biden again opposed.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> During and afterwards, Biden was strongly criticized by liberal legal groups and women's groups for having mishandled the hearings and having not done enough to support Hill.<ref name="nyt-hill"/> Biden subsequently sought out women to serve on the Judiciary Committee and emphasized women's issues in the committee's legislative agenda.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> | |||
From 1991 to 2008, as an ], Biden co-taught a ] on ] at ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Evon |first1=Dan |title=Did Biden Teach Constitutional Law for 21 Years? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-constitutional-law-teach/ |access-date=July 8, 2021 |work=] |date=October 16, 2020 |archive-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110005703/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-constitutional-law-teach/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Miriam|last=Fauzia|title=Fact check: If he loses election, Biden said he wants to teach, but where is uncertain|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/10/28/fact-check-joe-biden-wants-return-teaching-if-he-loses-election/6037909002/|date=October 28, 2020|access-date=August 29, 2021|newspaper=]|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101033652/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/10/28/fact-check-joe-biden-wants-return-teaching-if-he-loses-election/6037909002/|url-status=live}}</ref> He sometimes flew back from overseas to teach the class.<ref>{{cite web|title=Faculty: Joseph R. Biden, Jr.|url=https://law.widener.edu/Academics/Faculty/ProfilesDeAdj/BidenJosephR.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006123224/https://law.widener.edu/Academics/Faculty/ProfilesDeAdj/BidenJosephR.aspx|archive-date=October 6, 2008|access-date=September 24, 2008|publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Purchla|first=Matt|date=August 26, 2008|title=For Widener Law students, a teacher aims high|publisher=]|url=https://philly.metro.us/metro/local/article/For_Widener_Law_students_a_teacher_aims_high/13457.html|url-status=dead|access-date=September 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004214751/https://philly.metro.us/metro/local/article/For_Widener_Law_students_a_teacher_aims_high/13457.html|archive-date=October 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carey|first=Kathleen E.|date=August 27, 2008|title=Widener students proud of Biden|publisher=]|url=https://www.delcotimes.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=20094884&BRD=1675&PAG=461&dept_id=18171&rfi=6|url-status=dead|access-date=September 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919152356/https://www.delcotimes.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=20094884&BRD=1675&PAG=461&dept_id=18171&rfi=6|archive-date=September 19, 2008}}</ref> | |||
== U.S. Senate (1973–2009) == | |||
] in ] in 2003]] | |||
{{Main|U.S. Senate career of Joe Biden}} | |||
Biden has been involved in crafting many federal crime laws. In 1984, he was Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the ]; civil libertarians praised him for modifying some of the Act's provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to then.<ref name="cby-44"/> He later spearheaded the ] of 1994, also known as the Biden Crime Law, and the landmark ] of 1994 (VAWA), which contains a broad array of measures to combat ] and provides billions of dollars in federal funds to address ]-based crimes. In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that the section of VAWA allowing a federal civil remedy for victims of ]-motivated violence exceeded Congress's authority and therefore was ].<ref>{{citeweb|title=''United States v. Morrison'', 529 U.S. 598 (2000)|url=http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-5.ZS.html|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Congress reauthorized VAWA in 2000 and 2005.<ref>{{citeweb|last=Bash|first=Dana|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/11/congress.terror/index.html|title=Senate votes to allow compensation for terror victims, re-authorizes Violence Against Women Act|publisher=]|date=October 11, 2000|accessdate=2008-08-24}} See also: {{citeweb|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,179001,00.html|title=Deal Reached on Violence Against Women Act|publisher=Fox News|date=December 16, 2005|accessdate=2008-08-24}}</ref> Biden has said, "I consider the Violence Against Women Act the single most significant legislation that I’ve crafted during my 35-year tenure in the Senate."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://biden.senate.gov/issues/issue/?id=975b0cf4-ce25-42cc-b63d-072fb81e8618 | title=Domestic Violence | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-09-09}}</ref> In March 2004, Biden enlisted major American technology companies in diagnosing the problems of the ]-based ], and to donate equipment and expertise to it.<ref>{{citeweb|title=History of the Violence Against Women Act|url=http://www.endabuse.org/vawa/display.php?DocID=34005|publisher=End Abuse|accessdate=2008-08-23}} See also: {{citeweb|title=Making connections to end Domestic Violence|url=http://www.microsoft.com/issues/essays/2004/05-05violence.mspx|accessdate=2008-08-23|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref name="aap08-bio" /> | |||
=== Senate activities === | |||
Biden was critical of the actions of ] ] during the 1990s ] and ] investigations, and said "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another Independent Counsel is granted the same powers.<ref>''Almanac of American Politics'' 2000, p. 372.</ref> Biden voted to acquit on both charges during the ]. | |||
], 1978|alt=Photo of Biden and Carter greeting each other in the Oval Office]] | |||
] ] swore Biden in at the ] in January 1973.<ref name="ap-sworn">{{Cite news |date=January 6, 1973 |title=Oath Solemn |page=11 |work=] |agency=] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yadYAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556,1874966 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103080828/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yadYAAAAIBAJ&pg=5556%2C1874966 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=93, 98}} Present were his sons Beau (whose leg was still in traction from the automobile accident) and Hunter and other family members.<ref name="ap-sworn" />{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=93, 98}} At age 30, he was the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosenwald |first=Michael S. |date=January 11, 2021 |title=Biden, once one of the nation's youngest senators, will be its oldest president |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/01/11/youngest-senators-joe-biden/ |access-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307043412/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/01/11/youngest-senators-joe-biden/ |url-status=live}}</ref> To see his sons, Biden traveled by ] between his Delaware home and D.C.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pride |first=Mike |date=December 1, 2007 |title=Biden a smart guy who has lived his family values |work=] |url=https://concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071201/OPINION/712010307 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 4, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203001952/https://concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071201%2FOPINION%2F712010307 |archive-date=December 3, 2007}}</ref>—74 minutes each way—and maintained this habit throughout his 36 years in the Senate.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> | |||
As chairman of the ], Biden wrote the laws that created the U.S. "]", who oversees and coordinates national drug control policy. In April 2003 he introduced the controversial Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act, also known as the ]. He continues to work to stop the spread of "] drugs" such as ], and drugs such as ] and ]. In 2004 he worked to pass a bill outlawing ] like ], the drug used by many ] players.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> | |||
Elected to the U.S. Senate in ], Biden was reelected in ], ], ], ], ], and ], regularly receiving about 60% of the vote.<ref name="aap08-366" /> He was junior senator to ], who was first elected in 1970, until Roth was defeated in 2000.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wald |first=Matthew L. |date=December 15, 2003 |title=William V. Roth Jr., Veteran of U.S. Senate, Dies at 82 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/15/us/william-v-roth-jr-veteran-of-us-senate-dies-at-82.html |access-date=January 4, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104010233/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/15/us/william-v-roth-jr-veteran-of-us-senate-dies-at-82.html |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2024}}, he was the ] in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Longest Serving Senators |url=https://www.senate.gov/senators/longest_serving_senators.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919101452/https://www.senate.gov/senators/longest_serving_senators.htm |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |access-date=August 26, 2018 |website=] |publisher=United States Senate}}</ref> | |||
Biden's legislation to promote ] and ] programs allows families to deduct on their annual ] returns up to $10,000 per year in higher education expenses. His "Kids 2000" legislation established a public/private partnership to provide computer centers, teachers, ] access, and technical training to young people, particularly to low-income and at-risk youth.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=229820&&|title=Kids 2000 Program|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071223064751/http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=229820&& |archivedate=2007-12-23|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> | |||
During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 15, 1974 |title=200 Faces for the Future |magazine=] |url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879402-6,00.html |access-date=August 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813045404/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879402-6,00.html |archive-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref> In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens' concerns and healthcare, but conservative on other issues, including abortion and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelley |first=Kitty |date=June 1, 1974 |title=Death and the All-American Boy |work=] |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/1974/06/01/joe-biden-kitty-kelley-1974-profile-death-and-the-all-american-boy/ |access-date=March 8, 2020 |archive-date=November 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110162757/https://www.washingtonian.com/1974/06/01/joe-biden-kitty-kelley-1974-profile-death-and-the-all-american-boy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden was the first U.S. senator to endorse ] for president in the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Becky |title=President Biden says Jimmy Carter asked him to give his eulogy |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/03/14/1163392887/biden-jimmy-carter-eulogy |access-date=July 6, 2024 |publisher=NPR |date=March 14, 2023 |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706175321/https://www.npr.org/2023/03/14/1163392887/biden-jimmy-carter-eulogy |url-status=live }}</ref> Carter went on to win the Democratic nomination and defeat incumbent Republican President ] in the ]. Biden also worked on ].<ref name="nyt-foreign" /><ref>''Current Biography Yearbook 1987'', p. 45.</ref> After Congress failed to ratify the ] Treaty signed in 1979 by ] ] and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet foreign minister ] to communicate American concerns and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's objections.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salacuse|first=Jeswald W.|url=https://archive.org/details/leadingleaders00jesw|title=Leading Leaders: How to Manage Smart, Talented, Rich and Powerful People|publisher=]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8144-0855-1}} p. 144.</ref> He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State ] at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its continued policy of ].<ref name="dmn-87" /> In a congressional hearing in 1984, he objected to the ] plan to construct autonomous systems of ICBM defense.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Roland, Alex |title=Strategic computing : DARPA and the quest for machine intelligence, 1983-1993 |date=2002 |publisher=MIT Press |others=Shiman, Philip. |isbn=0262182262 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=88 |oclc=48449800}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/5051200 |title=Strategic defense and anti-satellite weapons: hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, April 25, 1984 |date=1984 |publisher=U.S. G.P.O |editor-last=United States |series=S. hrg |location=Washington |pages=68–74}}</ref> | |||
===Foreign Relations Committee=== | |||
Biden is also a long-time member and current chairman of the ]. In 1997, he became the ] and chaired the committee from June 2001 through 2003. When Democrats re-took control of the Senate following the ], Biden again assumed the top spot on the committee in 2007. Biden has generally been a ] in foreign policy, who has collaborated effectively with important Republican Senate figures such as ] and ] and who has sometimes gone against elements of his own party.<ref name="lat-foreign"/> | |||
In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's strongest opponents of ]. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies.<ref name="Gadsden">{{Cite news |last=Gadsden |first=Brett |date=May 5, 2019 |title=Here's How Deep Biden's Busing Problem Runs |work=] |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/05/05/joe-biden-busing-problem-226791 |url-status=live |access-date=May 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505123922/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/05/05/joe-biden-busing-problem-226791 |archive-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref> In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy '']'' ], as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy ] arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely.{{sfn|Gadsden|2012|p=214}} Biden supported a 1976 measure forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them.<ref name="Gadsden" /> He co-sponsored a 1977 amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raffel |first=Jeffrey A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gA1JljCpxzEC&pg=PA90 |title=Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation: The American Experience |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-313-29502-7 |page=90 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930184823/https://books.google.com/books?id=gA1JljCpxzEC&pg=PA90 |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In response to the refusal of the ] to ratify the ] Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet leader ] and President ], Biden took the initiative to meet the Soviet Foreign Minister ], educated him about American concerns and interests, and secured several changes to address objections of the Foreign Relations Committee.<ref>{{cite book | last=Salacuse | first=Jeswald W. | title=Leading Leaders: How to Manage Smart, Talented, Rich and Powerful People | publisher=] | year=2005 | isbn=0814408559}} p. 144.</ref> Biden's efforts to combat hostilities in the ] in the 1990s brought national attention and influenced presidential policy: traveling repeatedly to the region, he made one meeting famous by calling ] leader ] a "war criminal". He consistently argued for lifting the ], training ], investigating ]s and administering ] air strikes. Biden's subsequent "]" resolution was instrumental in convincing President ] to use military force in the face of systemic human rights violations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theiowacaucus.com/Presidential-Candidate-Profiles.php|title=Democratic Presidential Candidates|publisher=The Iowa Caucus|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Biden has called his role in affecting Balkans policy his "proudest moment in public life" that related to foreign policy.<ref name="lat-foreign"/> Biden has also called on ] to release ] ].<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=255274|title=Biden Renews Call for Release of Libyan Political Prisoner|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071223060256/http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=255274|archivedate=2007-12-23}}</ref> | |||
], 1984|alt=Photo of Biden shaking hands with Reagan in the Oval Office]] | |||
] ] and General ] at the ] Hearing on Iraq, September 11, 2007]] | |||
Biden had voted against authorization for the ] in 1991.<ref name="lat-foreign">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/washingtondc/la-na-foreignpol24-2008aug24,0,1369471.story | title=On foreign policy, Biden is respected but not always popular | author=Richter, Paul and Levey, Noam N. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-09-22}}</ref> Biden stated in 2002 that ] was a threat to national security, and that there was no option but to eliminate that threat.<ref name="MTP04292007">{{cite news | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18381961/page/2 | title=MTP Transcript for April 29, 2007 | author=] | publisher=] | date=2007-04-29 |page=2}}</ref> The ] rejected an effort Biden undertook with Senator ] to pass a resolution authorizing military action only after the exhaustion of ] efforts. In October 2002, Biden voted in favor of the ], justifying the ]. He has long supported the appropriations to pay for the occupation, but has argued repeatedly that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers are needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about the cost and length of the conflict.<ref>''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 365.</ref> | |||
Biden became ] of the ] in 1981. He was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the ] in 1984. His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time.<ref name="cby-44">''Current Biography Yearbook 1987'', p. 44.</ref> In 1994, Biden helped pass the ], which included ],<ref>{{cite news |last=Fifield |first=Anna |date=January 4, 2013 |title=Biden faces key role in second term |newspaper=]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/412f47b0-5694-11e2-aad0-00144feab49a |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720074130/https://www.ft.com/content/412f47b0-5694-11e2-aad0-00144feab49a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Scherer |first=Michael |date=January 16, 2013 |title=America's New Gunfight: Inside the Campaign to Avert Mass Shootings |magazine=]| url=https://swampland.time.com/2013/01/16/americas-new-gunfight-inside-the-campaign-to-avert-mass-shootings/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081050/https://swampland.time.com/2013/01/16/americas-new-gunfight-inside-the-campaign-to-avert-mass-shootings/ |archive-date=January 3, 2021}} Cover story.</ref> and the ],<ref>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Bruce|date=September 19, 2014|title=Biden: Men who don't stop violence against women are "cowards"|newspaper=]|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2014/09/19/biden-men-who-dont-stop-violence-against-women-are-cowards/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013133013/https://www.denverpost.com/environment/ci_26568257/vice-president-biden-denver-discuss-domestic-violence-issues|archive-date=October 13, 2015|access-date=August 29, 2021}}</ref> which he has called his most significant legislation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Domestic Violence|url=https://biden.senate.gov/issues/issue/?id=975b0cf4-ce25-42cc-b63d-072fb81e8618|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822144642/https://biden.senate.gov/issues/issue/?id=975b0cf4-ce25-42cc-b63d-072fb81e8618|archive-date=August 22, 2008|access-date=September 9, 2008|publisher=]}}</ref> The 1994 crime law was unpopular among progressives and criticized for resulting in mass incarceration;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herndon |first=Astead W. |date=January 21, 2019 |title=On King Holiday, Democrats Convey Hope, Remorse and Invective Against Trump |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/21/us/politics/biden-crime-bill-regrets.html |access-date=January 21, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110162903/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/21/us/politics/biden-crime-bill-regrets.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Jonathan|last1=Martin|first2=Alexander|last2=Burns|date=January 6, 2019|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/us/politics/joe-biden-2020-president.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110163104/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/us/politics/joe-biden-2020-president.html|title= Biden in 2020? Allies Say He Sees Himself as Democrats' Best Hope|url-status=live|archive-date=November 10, 2020|access-date=August 29, 2021|newspaper=]}}</ref> in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big mistake", citing its policy on ] and saying that the bill "trapped an entire generation".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schor |first1=Elana |last2=Kinnard |first2=Meg |title=Biden says he regrets 1990s crime bill, calls it a 'big mistake' at MLK Day event |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2019/01/21/biden-says-he-regrets-1990-s-crime-bill-calls-big-mistake-mlk-day-event/2639190002/ |access-date=July 20, 2021 |newspaper=] |agency=] |date=January 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704120222/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2019/01/21/biden-says-he-regrets-1990-s-crime-bill-calls-big-mistake-mlk-day-event/2639190002/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden is a leading advocate for dividing Iraq into a loose ] of three ] states.<ref name="Divided">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/weekinreview/19shanker.html | title=Divided They Stand, but on Graves | author=Thom Shanker | publisher='']'' | date=2007-08-19}}</ref> In November 2006, Biden and ], President Emeritus of the ], released a comprehensive strategy to end ].<ref name="LAT20071001">{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/01/world/fg-iraq1 | author=Ned Parker and Raheem Salman | title=U.S. vote unites Iraqis in anger | publisher='']'' | date=2007-10-01}}</ref> Rather than continuing the present approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a third way": federalizing Iraq and giving ]s, ]s, and ]s "breathing room" in their own regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biden.senate.gov/press/press_releases/release/?id=45438bed-1350-418d-8353-4781487eef9b|title=Biden: Iraqi Progress on Oil is Important Step, But More Needs to be Done|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> In September 2007, a non-binding resolution passed the Senate endorsing such a scheme.<ref name="LAT20071001"/> Iraq’s political leadership united in denouncing the resolution as a '']'' partitioning of the country, and the ] issued a statement distancing itself.<ref name="LAT20071001" /> | |||
], 1993]] | |||
In May 2008, Biden sharply criticized President ] for his speech to ]'s ] in which he suggested that some Democrats were acting in the same way some Western leaders did when they appeased Hitler in the runup to World War II. Biden stating that "This is bullshit. This is malarkey. This is outrageous. Outrageous for the president of the United States to go to a foreign country, sit in the Knesset ... and make this kind of ridiculous statement." Biden later apologized for using the expletive. Biden further stated that "Since when does this administration think that if you sit down, you have to eliminate the word 'no' from your vocabulary?"<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/05/15/bush.dems/index.html | title=Dems fire back at Bush on 'appeasement' statement | author=Henry, Ed | publisher=] | date=May 16, 2008 | accessdate=2008-09-02}}</ref> | |||
Biden voted for a 1993 provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gay people from serving in the armed forces.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Epstein |first1=Reid J. |last2=Lerer |first2=Lisa |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Joe Biden Has Tense Exchange Over L.G.B.T.Q. Record |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/us/politics/lgbt-forum-2020.html |access-date=April 15, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416100800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/us/politics/lgbt-forum-2020.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Del Real |first=Jose A. |title=Sanders attacks Biden's record on gay rights and women's issues |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sanders-calls-biden-my-friend-then-he-goes-on-the-attack/2020/03/08/20a23f86-60d0-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html |date=March 8, 2020 |access-date=April 15, 2020 |newspaper=] |archive-date=March 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308233903/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sanders-calls-biden-my-friend-then-he-goes-on-the-attack/2020/03/08/20a23f86-60d0-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1996, he voted for the ], which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring people in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same.<ref name="NYT Biden Evolution on LGBTQ">{{Cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |last2=Kaplan |first2=Thomas |date=June 21, 2020 |title=Behind Joe Biden's Evolution on L.G.B.T.Q. Rights |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/us/politics/biden-gay-rights-lgbt.html |access-date=January 4, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601215617/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/us/politics/biden-gay-rights-lgbt.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in '']''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=de Vogue |first1=Ariane |last2=Diamond |first2=Jeremy |title=Supreme Court rules states must allow same-sex marriage |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/26/politics/supreme-court-same-sex-marriage-ruling/index.html |date=June 27, 2015 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |publisher=] |archive-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627065146/https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/26/politics/supreme-court-same-sex-marriage-ruling/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===Delaware matters=== | |||
].]] | |||
Biden is a familiar figure to his Delaware constituency, by virtue of his daily train commuting from there,<ref name="aap08-bio" /> and has generally sought to attend to state needs.<ref name="aap08-366"/> Biden has been a strong supporter of increased ] funding and rail security;<ref name="aap08-366"/> he hosts an annual Christmas dinner for the Amtrak crews.<ref name="aap08-366"/> He has been an advocate for Delaware military installations, including ] and ].<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://biden.creativengine.com/press/press_releases/release/?id=98f770c4-dc05-46e4-8c1d-09a3e379db76 | title= Senate Approves $24.4 Million for Guard, Dover Air Force Bases | publisher=] | date=2005-09-23 | accessdate=2008-09-16}}</ref> | |||
Biden was critical of ] ] during the 1990s ] and ] investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers.<ref>''Almanac of American Politics'' 2000, p. 372.</ref> He voted to acquit during the ].<ref>{{cite news |date=February 12, 1999 |title=How the senators voted on impeachment |publisher=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/02/12/senate.vote/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081326/https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/02/12/senate.vote/ |archive-date=January 3, 2021}}</ref> During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> ] vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the ],<ref name="aap08-bio" /> with Biden being one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |date=December 2, 2019 |title=How Biden Helped Create the Student Debt Problem He Now Promises to Fix |newspaper=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/dec/02/joe-biden-student-loan-debt-2005-act-2020 |access-date=March 8, 2020 |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306071514/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/dec/02/joe-biden-student-loan-debt-2005-act-2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased ] funding and rail security.<ref name="aap08-366" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Verma|first=Pranshu|date=October 24, 2020|title=Biden, an Amtrak Evangelist, Could Be a Lifeline for a Rail Agency in Crisis|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/us/biden-amtrak-covid.html|access-date=November 19, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119015056/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/us/biden-amtrak-covid.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden has been a sponsor of ] legislation during the 2000s, which was sought by ], one of Delaware's largest companies, and other credit card issuers.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> Biden fought for certain amendments to the bill that would indirectly protect homeowners and forbid anti-abortion felons from using bankruptcy to discharge fines; the overall bill was vetoed by Bill Clinton in 2000 but then finally passed as the ] in 2005, with Biden supporting.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> The downstate ] region is the nation's top chicken-producing area, and Biden held up trade agreements with ] when that country stopped importing U.S. chickens.<ref name="aap08-366"/> | |||
=== Brain surgeries === | |||
In 2007, Biden requested and gained $67 million worth of projects for his constituents through ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/clinton-tops-2008-rivals-gets-530m-in-earmarks-2007-11-09.html|title=Clinton tops 2008 rivals, gets $530M in earmarks |date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-08-24|publisher='']''|author=Bolton, Alexander}}</ref> | |||
In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden underwent surgery to correct a leaking ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |date=February 23, 1998 |title=The Doctor's World; Subtle Clues Are Often The Only Warnings Of Perilous Aneurysms |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/23/science/the-doctors-world-subtle-clues-are-often-the-only-warnings-of-perilous-aneurysms.html |access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428023004/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/23/science/the-doctors-world-subtle-clues-are-often-the-only-warnings-of-perilous-aneurysms.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt-4cmed">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/us/politics/20health.html|title=Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees' Health|last=Altman|first=Lawrence K.|newspaper=]|date=October 19, 2008|access-date=October 26, 2008|archive-date=February 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225194337/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/us/politics/20health.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While recuperating, he suffered a ], a serious complication.<ref name="nyt-4cmed" /> After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May,<ref name="nyt-4cmed" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/04/us/biden-resting-after-surgery-for-second-brain-aneurysm.html |title=Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm |agency=] |newspaper=] |date=May 4, 1988 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105212210/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/04/us/biden-resting-after-surgery-for-second-brain-aneurysm.html |url-status=live}}</ref> his recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/vp-candidate-profile-sen-joe-biden/ |title=V.P. candidate profile: Sen. Joe Biden |agency=] |newspaper=] |date=August 23, 2008 |access-date=September 7, 2008 |first=Calvin |last=Woodward |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230131941/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/vp-candidate-profile-sen-joe-biden/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
=== Senate Judiciary Committee === | |||
===Characteristics as senator=== | |||
] with President ].|alt=Photo of Senator Biden giving a speech, with uniformed law enforcement officers in the background]] | |||
] | |||
With a ] between $59,000 and $366,000, and almost no outside income or investment income, he is consistently ranked as one of the least wealthy members of the Senate.<ref name="lat082408nw">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-assess24-2008aug24,0,4944908.story | title=Choice of Biden is a demographic calculation too | author=Wallsten, Peter | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5ivD75Of6JQzDRixNbfD-4VP9CCzQD92OQL784 | publisher=] | title=A look at Biden's net worth | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/13/us/politics/13biden.html | title=Biden Releases Tax Returns, in Part to Pressure Rivals | author=Broder, John M. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-09-13 | accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> Biden states that he has been listed as the second poorest member in Congress, a distinction that he is not proud of, but attributes it to being elected early in his career.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/12/biden-tax-returns-revealed/ | title=Biden tax returns revealed | author=Mooney, Alexander | publisher=] | date=2008-09-12 | accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> Biden realized early in his senatorial career how vulnerable poorer public officials are to offers of financial contributions in exchange for policy support, and he pushed ] measures during his first term.<ref name="cby-44"/> | |||
Biden was a longtime member of the ]. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was a ] from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous Committee Chairman |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/chairman/previous |access-date=May 14, 2023 |publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary |archive-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511035733/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/chairman/previous |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
During his years as a senator, Biden has amassed a reputation for loquaciousness,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0601/12/sitroom.01.html | title=Transcripts | work=] | publisher=] | date=2006-01-12 | accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref><ref name="abc-loq">{{cite news | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=2838420 | title=A Biden Problem: Foot in Mouth | author=] | publisher=] | date=2007-01-31 | accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref><ref name="nyt-no2"/> with his questions and remarks during Senate hearings being especially known for being long-winded.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE2D81E39F93AA25750C0A96E958260 | title= Senate Struggles to Pay Attention to the Remapping of NATO | author=Seelye, Katharine Q. | publisher='']'' | date=1998-03-19 | accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref><ref name="time-pcs">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1835480,00.html | title=Halperin on Biden: Pros and Cons | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-23 | accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref> He has been a strong speaker and debater and a frequent and effective guest on the influential ].<ref name="time-pcs"/> According to political analyst ], he has also shown "a persistent tendency to say silly, offensive, and off-putting things";<ref name="time-pcs"/> '']'' writes that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".<ref name="nyt-no2"/> | |||
As chair, Biden presided over two highly contentious ] confirmation hearings.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> When ] in 1988, Biden reversed his approval{{mdashb}}given in an interview the previous year{{mdashb}}of a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered,{{sfn|Bronner|1989|pp=138–139, 214, 305}} but at the hearings' close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage.{{sfn|Bronner|1989|pp=138–139, 214, 305}}<ref name="nyt-lg-87">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/08/us/washington-talk-the-bork-hearings-for-biden-epoch-of-belief-epoch-of-incredulity.html |title=Washington Talk: The Bork Hearings; For Biden: Epoch of Belief, Epoch of Incredulity |last=Greenhouse |first=Linda |newspaper=] |date=October 8, 1987 |author-link=Linda Greenhouse |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111141909/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/08/us/washington-talk-the-bork-hearings-for-biden-epoch-of-belief-epoch-of-incredulity.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents,<ref name="aap08-bio" /> Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork's strong ] and the view that the ] provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text.<ref name="nyt-lg-87" /> Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 5–9 vote<ref name="nyt-lg-87" /> and then in the full Senate, 42–58.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/24/us/senate-s-roll-call-on-the-bork-vote.html|title=Senate's Roll-Call On the Bork Vote|date=October 24, 1987|newspaper=]|agency=]|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084644/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/24/us/senate-s-roll-call-on-the-bork-vote.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Presidential campaigns== | |||
Biden has twice run for the Democratic nomination for President, first in 1988, and again in 2008. He first considered running in 1984, after he gained notice for giving speeches to party audiences that simultaneously scolded and encouraged Democrats.<ref name="fj-216">{{cite book | last=Germond | first=Jack | authorlink=Jack Germond | coauthors=] | title=Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988 | publisher=] | year=1989 | isbn=0-446-51424-1}} p. 216</ref> He chose not to run in 1992 in part because he had voted against the resolution authorizing the ].<ref name="aap08-366"/> He considered joining the Democratic field of candidates for the ] but in August 2003 decided otherwise, saying he did not have enough time and any attempt would be too much of a long shot.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/08/11/biden/ | title=Sen. Biden not running for president | publisher=] | date=2003-08-12 | accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> In May 2004, Biden urged ] Senator ] to run as vice president with presumptive Democratic presidential nominee ], saying the cross-party ticket would help heal the “vicious rift” in U.S. politics.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4961694/ |title=McCain Urged to Join Kerry Ticket |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040803085719/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4961694/ |archivedate=2004-08-03 | publisher=] for ] | date=May 16, 2004}}</ref> During this time, Biden was also widely discussed as a possible ] in a Democratic administration.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article500363.ece|accessdate=2008-08-24|publisher='']''|title=Kerry to opt for the senator who copied Kinnock|author=Baker, Gerard|date=2004-10-29}}</ref> | |||
During ] in 1991, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them,{{sfn|Mayer|Abramson|1994|pp=213, 218, 336}} and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions were akin to "]s".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clarence Thomas: A Silent Justice Speaks Out: Part VI: Becoming a Judge—and perhaps a Justice |last=Greenburg |first=Jan Crawford |agency=] |date=September 30, 2007 |url=https://www.abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/Story?id=3664944&page=4 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622121644/https://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/Story?id=3664944&page=4 |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that ], a ] law school professor, had accused Thomas of ] when they had worked together.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=2101289|title=Nina Totenberg, NPR Biography|access-date=May 31, 2008|publisher=]|archive-date=April 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414042451/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=2101289|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Excerpt from Nina Totenberg's breaking National Public Radio report on Anita Hill's accusation of sexual harassment by Clarence Thomas.|url=https://jwa.org/feminism/_html/_transcripts/transcript_JWA071a.htm|access-date=October 5, 2008|date=October 6, 1991|publisher=]|archive-date=February 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221202700/https://jwa.org/feminism/_html/_transcripts/transcript_JWA071a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment.<ref name="nyt-hill">{{cite news |url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/biden-and-anita-hill-revisited/ |title=Biden and Anita Hill, Revisited |last=Phillips |first=Kate |newspaper=] |date=August 23, 2008 |access-date=September 12, 2008 |archive-date=September 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911204456/https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/biden-and-anita-hill-revisited/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed.<ref name="aap08-bio" /> Liberal legal advocates and women's groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill.<ref name="nyt-hill" /> In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/politics/joe-biden-anita-hill.html|title=Joe Biden Expresses Regret to Anita Hill, but She Says 'I'm Sorry' Is Not Enough|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|date=April 25, 2019|newspaper=]|access-date=April 25, 2019|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425205328/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/politics/joe-biden-anita-hill.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===1988=== | |||
{{main|Joe Biden presidential campaign, 1988}} | |||
] | |||
In 1987, Biden ran as a Democratic presidential candidate, formally declaring his candidacy at the ] on June 9, 1987.<ref name="nyt-1987-ann">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD91538F933A25755C0A961948260 | title= Biden Joins Campaign for the Presidency | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=1987-06-10}}</ref> When the campaign began, Biden was considered a potentially strong candidate because of his ] image, his speaking ability on the stump, his appeal to ]s, his high profile position as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming ] hearings, and his fundraising appeal: he raised $1.7 million in the first quarter of 1987, more than any other candidate.<ref name="nyt083187"/><ref name="taylor-83">Taylor, ''See How They Run'', p. 83.</ref> Biden received considerable attention in the summer of 1986 when he excoriated ] ] at a Senate hearing because of the ]'s support of ], which continued to support a system of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/washington/cleubsdorf/stories/082308dnpolbiden87profile.4d6e19b.html|title=Lifelong ambition led Joe Biden to Senate, White House aspirations|publisher=Dallas News|accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> | |||
=== Senate Foreign Relations Committee === | |||
By August 1987, Biden's campaign, whose messaging was confused due to staff rivalries,<ref>Taylor, ''See How They Run'', pp. 108–109.</ref> had begun to lag behind those of ] and ],<ref name="nyt083187">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD6123AF932A0575BC0A961948260 | title= Biden, Once the Field's Hot Democrat, Is Being Overtaken by Cooler Rivals | author=Toner, Robin | publisher='']'' | date=August 31, 1987}}</ref> although he had still raised more funds than all candidates but Dukakis, and was seeing an upturn in Iowa polls.<ref name="cook">{{cite book | last=Cook | first=Rhodes | chapter=The Nominating Process | title=The Elections of 1988 | editor=Nelson, Michael (ed.) | publisher=] | year=1989 | isbn=0-87187-494-6}} p. 46.</ref><ref name="taylor-83"/> In September 1987, the campaign ran into trouble when he was accused of ] a speech by ], then-leader of the ] ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DD1531F931A2575AC0A961948260 | title= Biden's Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=September 12, 1987}}</ref> Kinnock’s speech included the lines: <blockquote> | |||
], December 1997.|alt=Photo of Clinton, his senior officials, and Biden on Air Force One]] | |||
"Why am I the first Kinnock in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Why is Glenys the first woman in her family in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Was it because all our predecessors were thick?" | |||
</blockquote> While Biden’s speech included the lines: <blockquote> | |||
"I started thinking as I was coming over here, why is it that Joe Biden is the first in his family ever to go to a university? Why is it that my wife who is sitting out there in the audience is the first in her family to ever go to college? Is it because our fathers and mothers were not bright? Is it because I'm the first Biden in a thousand generations to get a college and a graduate degree that I was smarter than the rest?" </blockquote> Though Biden had cited Kinnock as the source for the formulation many times before, he made no reference to the original source at the August 23 ] debate in question or in another appearance.<ref>Germond and Witcover, ''Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars?'', pp. 230–231.</ref><ref name="mm-87">{{cite news|url=http://mediamatters.org/items/200808230003 |publisher=]|title=Media outlets reported allegations Biden plagiarized Kinnock, but not that he had previously credited him |accessdate=2008-08-28|date=2008-08-23}}</ref> While political speeches often appropriate ideas and language from each other, Biden's use came under more scrutiny because he somewhat distorted his own family's background in order to match Kinnock's.<ref name="aap08-bio" /><ref name="mm-87"/> | |||
Biden was a longtime member of the ]. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009.<ref name="aap08-365" /> His positions were generally ].<ref name="nyt-foreign">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/world/americas/24iht-policy.4.15591832.html | title=In Biden, Obama chooses a foreign policy adherent of diplomacy before force | last=Gordon | first=Michael R. | newspaper=] | date=August 24, 2008 | access-date=November 5, 2009 | author-link=Michael R. Gordon | archive-date=February 27, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227192937/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/world/americas/24iht-policy.4.15591832.html | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="lat-foreign" /> He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party.<ref name="aap08-365" /><ref name="lat-foreign" /> During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/09/23/meetings_with_foreign_leaders.html |title=Meetings with Foreign Leaders? Biden's Been There, Done That |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |newspaper=] |date=September 23, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2009 |author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112112314/https://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/09/23/meetings_with_foreign_leaders.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
A few days later, Biden's plagiarism incident in law school came to light.<ref name="nyt091887"/> It was also revealed that when earlier questioned by a ] resident about his grades in law school, Biden had inaccurately recollected graduating in the "top half" of his class when he actually graduated 76th from 85, that he had attended law school on a full scholarship, and had received three degrees in college.<ref name="nyt092287">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4D91F3CF931A1575AC0A961948260 | title= Biden Admits Errors and Criticizes Latest Report | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=September 22, 1987}}</ref> In fact, he had earned a single ] with a double major in history and political science, and had received a half scholarship to law school based on financial need with some additional assistance based in part upon academics.<ref name="nyt092287" /> | |||
Biden voted against authorization for the ] in 1991,<ref name="lat-foreign">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-foreignpol24-story.html |title=Joe Biden respected—if not always popular—for foreign policy record |last1=Richter |first1=Paul |last2=Levey |first2=Noam N. |newspaper=] |date=August 24, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2009 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051910/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-foreignpol24-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> siding with 45 of the 55 Democratic senators. He said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/13/world/confrontation-gulf-congress-acts-authorize-war-gulf-margins-are-5-votes-senate.html |title=Congress Acts to Authorize War in Gulf |last=Clymer |first=Adam |newspaper=] |date=January 13, 1991 |author-link=Adam Clymer |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081353/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/13/world/confrontation-gulf-congress-acts-authorize-war-gulf-margins-are-5-votes-senate.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The Kinnock and school revelations were magnified by the limited amount of other news about the nomination race at the time,<ref>{{cite book | last=Pomper | first=Gerald M. | chapter=The Presidential Nominations | title=The Election of 1988 | publisher=Chatham House Publishers|year=1989 | isbn=0-934540-77-4}} p. 37.</ref> when most of the public were not yet paying attention to any of the campaigns; Biden thus fell into what '']'' writer Paul Taylor described as that year's trend, a "trial by media ordeal".<ref>Taylor, ''See How They Run'', pp. 86, 88.</ref> Biden lacked a strong demographic or political group of support to help him survive the crisis.<ref name="cook"/><ref>Taylor, ''See How They Run'', pp. 88–89.</ref> He withdrew from the nomination race on September 23, 1987, saying his candidacy had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DF173AF937A1575AC0A961948260 | title= Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor | author=] | publisher='']'' | date=September 24, 1987}}</ref> After Biden withdrew from the race, it was revealed that the Dukakis campaign had secretly made a video showcasing the Biden–Kinnock comparison and distributed it to news outlets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Offers Briton His Talks `Without Attribution' Biden Meets Kinnock, but He's Not Speechless|publisher=]|date=January 12, 1988}} See also: {{cite news | title=Joseph Biden's Plagiarism; Michael Dukakis's 'Attack Video' – 1988 | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/biden.htm | publisher='']'' | accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref> Also later in 1987, the ]'s Board of Professional Responsibility cleared Biden of the law school plagiarism charges regarding his standing as a lawyer, saying Biden had "not violated any rules".<ref name="nyt-cleared">{{cite news | title=Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE1DD1230F93AA15756C0A96F948260 | publisher=] for '']'' | date=May 29, 1989}}</ref> | |||
<!-- Biden's statement about McCain for the 2004 election is mentioned - at least currently - at the start of the Presidential campaigns section. It was not deleted, the NewsBusters story claiming so is false. Please do not repeat Mccain point here if it's already in the article somewhere. See talk page Talk:Joe Biden for evidence. --> | |||
Biden became interested in the ] after hearing about ] abuses during the ] in 1991.<ref name="nyt-foreign" /> Once the ] broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "]" policy.<ref name="nyt-foreign" /><ref name="aap08-365" /> The ] and ] were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing ] entanglement.<ref name="nyt-foreign" /><ref name="lat-foreign" /> In April 1993, Biden held a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader ].<ref name="wapo-bosnia">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/06/AR2008100602681.html | title=Biden Played Less Than Key Role in Bosnia Legislation | last=Kessler | first=Glenn | newspaper=] | date=October 7, 2008 | access-date=November 5, 2009 | author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) | archive-date=August 26, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826101923/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/06/AR2008100602681.html | url-status=live}}</ref> Biden worked on several versions of legislative language urging the U.S. toward greater involvement.<ref name="wapo-bosnia" /> Biden has called his role in affecting Balkan policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy.<ref name="lat-foreign" /> In 1999, during the ], Biden supported the ].<ref name="nyt-foreign" /> He and Senator ] co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over ] actions toward ] in ].<ref name="lat-foreign" /><ref name="wsj082508">{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121954185485266719 | title=Biden, McCain Have a Friendship—and More—in Common | last=Holmes | first=Elizabeth | newspaper=] | date=August 25, 2008 | access-date=November 5, 2009 | archive-date=October 16, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016194520/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121954185485266719 | url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===2008=== | |||
{{main|Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008}} | |||
] | |||
] ], July 2007]] | |||
==== Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq ==== | |||
Biden declared his candidacy for president on January 31, 2007, although he had discussed running for months prior,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/31/AR2007013100404.html |title=Biden Stumbles at the Starting Gate|publisher=''[[The | |||
{{Main|War on terror}} | |||
Washington Post]]''|accessdate=2008-08-23|date=2007-01-01}}</ref> and first made a formal announcement to ] on '']'' on January 7, stating he would "be the best Biden I can be."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/politics/war_room/2007/01/08/biden/?source=refresh |title=The "Best Biden" for President?|publisher= | |||
] in ] in 2004.|alt=refer to caption]] | |||
]|accessdate=2008-08-23|author=Koppelman, Alex|date=2007-01-08}}</ref> In January 2006, Delaware newspaper columnist Harry F. Themal wrote that Biden "occupies the sensible center of the Democratic Party."<ref name="themal">{{cite news | title=unknown | author=Themal, Harry F. | publisher='']'' | date=January 23, 2006}}</ref> Themal concludes that this is the position Biden desires, and that in a campaign "he plans to stress the dangers to the security of the average American, not just from the terrorist threat, but from the lack of health assistance, crime, and energy dependence on unstable parts of the world."<ref name="themal"/> | |||
Biden was a strong supporter of the ], saying, "Whatever it takes, we should do it."<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Crowley|first1=Michael|title=Hawk Down|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/hawk-down|magazine=]|quote=Even before Obama announced his run for president, Biden was warning that Afghanistan, not Iraq, was the 'central front' in the war against Al Qaeda, requiring a major U.S. commitment. 'Whatever it takes, we should do it,' Biden said in February 2002.|date=September 24, 2009|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016194518/https://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/hawk-down|url-status=live}}</ref> As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president ] was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to "eliminate" that threat.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18381961 |work=] |title=MTP Transcript for April 29, 2007 |first=Tim |last=Russert |publisher=] |date=April 29, 2007 |page=2 |author-link=Tim Russert |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208191954/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/18381961 |url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2002, he voted in favor of the ], approving the ].<ref name="lat-foreign" /> As chair of the committee, he assembled a series of witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his secular government, which was an avowed enemy of ], and touted Iraq's fictional possession of ].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Mark|last=Weisbrot|author-link=Mark Weisbrot|date=February 18, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2021|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/17/joe-biden-role-iraq-war |title=Joe Biden championed the Iraq war. Will that come back to haunt him now?|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109174540/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/17/joe-biden-role-iraq-war|archive-date=January 9, 2021|work=]}}</ref> Biden eventually became a critic of the war and called his vote and role a "mistake", but did not push for withdrawal.<ref name="lat-foreign" /><ref name="wapo-bosnia" /> He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about its cost and length.<ref name="aap08-365">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 365.</ref><ref name="wsj082508" /> | |||
During his campaign, Biden focused on the ] and his support for the implementation of the Biden-Gelb plan to achieve political success. He touted his record in the Senate as the head of major congressional committees and his experience on foreign policy. Despite speculation to the contrary,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.com/2007/candidate-secretary-state |title=A Candidate For Secretary Of State|publisher='']''|date = June 12, 2007 |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Biden rejected the notion of accepting the position of ], focusing only on the presidency. At a 2007 campaign event, Biden said, "I know a lot of my opponents out there say I'd be a great Secretary of State. Seriously, every one of them. Do you watch any of the debates? 'Joe's right, Joe's right, Joe's right.'"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Nov29/0,4670,PoliticalPlayoftheDay,00.html |publisher=]|title=Biden Won't Serve As Secretary of State|date = Thursday, November 29, 2007 |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Other candidates commenting that "Joe is right" in the ] was converted into a Biden campaign theme and ad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbOa989IRYw |publisher=]|title=Joe is Right|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> In mid-2007, Biden stressed his foreign policy expertise compared to Obama's, saying of the latter, "I think he can be ready, but right now I don't believe he is. The presidency is not something that lends itself to on-the-job training."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Decision2008/Story?id=3498294&page=1 | title=Transcript: The Democratic Debate | publisher=] | date=2007-08-19 | accessdate=2008-09-24}}</ref> Biden was noted for his one-liners on the campaign trail, saying of Republican then-frontrunner ] at the October 30, 2007, debate in ], "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and ]."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071101/NEWS01/711010358/1043/NEWS01 |publisher='']''|title='A noun, a verb and 9/11'|author=Farrell, Joelle|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> | |||
By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the ],<ref name="lat-foreign" /><ref name="wapo-bosnia" /> saying General ] was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work.<ref name="nytm-traub">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Traub|first=James|author-link=James Traub|date=November 24, 2009|title=After Cheney |page=MM34 |magazine=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/magazine/29Biden-t.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084703/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/magazine/29Biden-t.html|archive-date=January 3, 2021}}</ref> Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose ] of three ethnic states.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/weekinreview/19shanker.html |title=Divided They Stand, but on Graves |first=Thom |last=Shanker |newspaper=] |date=August 19, 2007 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081421/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/weekinreview/19shanker.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rather than continue the existing approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a third way": federalizing Iraq and giving ], ], and ] "breathing room" in their own regions.{{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=572–573}} In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Salman |first2=Raheem |date=October 1, 2007 |title=U.S. vote unites Iraqis in anger |newspaper=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-01-fg-iraq1-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081500/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-01-fg-iraq1-story.html |archive-date=January 3, 2021}}</ref> but the idea failed to gain traction.<ref name="nytm-traub" /> | |||
Biden made remarks during the campaign that attracted controversy. In January 2007, he spoke of fellow Democratic candidate and Senator ]: "I mean, you got the first mainstream African-American who is articulate and bright and clean and a nice-looking guy, I mean, that's a storybook, man."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.com/node/36658|title=Biden Unbound: Lays Into Clinton, Obama, Edwards |author=Horowitz, Jason|publisher='']''|date=2007-02-04}} Several ] and political analysts stated that the correct transcription includes a comma after the word "African-American", which "would significantly change the meaning (and the degree of offensiveness) of Biden's comment". See {{cite web|url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004131.html|title=Language Log: Biden's Comma|author=]|date=2007-02-01|publisher=]}}</ref> This comment took second place on '']'' magazine's list of Top 10 Campaign Gaffes for 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/top10/article/0,30583,1686204_1690170_1690790,00.html | title=Top 10 Campaign Gaffes | author=Lim, Christine| coauthors=M.J. Stephey| publisher='']'' | accessdate=2008-08-20}}</ref> Biden had earlier been criticized in July 2006 for a remark he made about his support among ]s: "I've had a great relationship. In Delaware, the largest growth in population is Indian-Americans moving from India. You cannot go to a 7-Eleven or a Dunkin' Donuts unless you have a slight Indian accent. I'm not joking."<ref name="cbs070706">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/07/07/politics/main1785303.shtml|title=Biden's Comments Ruffle Feathers, Senator Forced To Explain His Remarks About Indian-Americans|date=2006-07-07|accessdate=2008-08-24|publisher=]}}</ref> Biden later said the remark was not intended to be derogatory.<ref name="cbs070706"/><ref>The Indian-American activist who was on the receiving end of Biden's comment stated that he was "100 percent behind (Biden) because he did nothing wrong." See {{cite news | first = John | last = Distaso | title = Indian-American activist defends Sen. Biden | url = http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Indian-American+activist+defends+Sen.+Biden&articleId=0108a2f4-0530-4860-b010-5b076007bff6 | publisher = '']''| date = 2006-07-10 | accessdate = 2008-02-01}} </ref> | |||
== 1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns == | |||
Overall, Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator ];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080825_3122.php | title=Conventions 2008: Sen. Joseph Biden (D) | publisher=] | date=2008-08-25 | accessdate=2008-09-16}}</ref> he never rose above single digits in ]. In the initial contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the ], garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iowacaucusresults.com/ | title=Iowa Democratic Party Caucus Results | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> Biden withdrew from the race that evening, saying "There is nothing sad about tonight.... I feel no regret."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010400260.html | title=Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race | author=Murray, Shailagh | publisher='']'' | date=2008-01-04 | accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> | |||
=== 1988 campaign === | |||
==2008 vice-presidential candidacy== | |||
{{Main|Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign}} | |||
{{Future election candidate|section|Biden, Joe}} | |||
] | |||
{{wikinews|US candidate Barack Obama announces Joe Biden as his running mate via text message}} | |||
] listens]] | |||
]]] | |||
In a June 22, 2008, interview on ]'s '']'', Biden confirmed that, although he was not actively seeking a spot on the ticket, he would accept the vice presidential nomination if offered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/06/23/biden-id-say-yes-to-being-vp/ |title=Biden: I’d say yes to being VP|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> On August 22, 2008, Barack Obama announced that Biden would be his ].<ref>{{cite news |author=] |title=Obama's veep message to supporters |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082300455.html?hpid%3Dtopnews&sub=AR |work= |publisher='']'' |date=August 23, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-23 }}{{cite web|url=http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/post/samgrahamfelsen/gG5sB7 |title=Text message is out and it's official}}</ref><ref name="Obama-rm">{{citeweb|publisher=BarackObama.com|url=http://my.barackobama.com/page/s/welcomejoe|title=Welcome the Next Vice President|accessdate=2008-08-24}}</ref> '']'' reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone who has ] and ] experience—and not to help the ticket win a ] or to emphasize Obama's "change" message.<ref>{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Nagourney |authorlink=Adam Nagourney |coauthors=Jeff Zeleny |title=Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/us/politics/24biden.html |publisher='']'' |date=August 23, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-23 }}</ref> Other observers pointed out Biden's appeal to ] and ] voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge Republican nominee ] in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at times.<ref>{{cite news |first=E.J. |last=Dionne |authorlink= |title=Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week's convention |url=http://tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=2ecbd0b9-c2c4-44d7-824a-603b4a418c74 |work= |publisher='']'' |date=August 25, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-25 }}</ref> | |||
Biden formally declared his candidacy for the ] on June 9, 1987.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dionne |first=E. J. Jr. |author-link=E. J. Dionne |date=June 10, 1987 |title=Biden Joins Campaign for the Presidency |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/10/us/biden-joins-campaign-for-the-presidency.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=November 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105150453/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/10/us/biden-joins-campaign-for-the-presidency.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming ] hearings, and his appeal to ]s; he would have been the second-youngest person elected president, after ].<ref name="dmn-87" /><ref name="nyt083187">{{Cite news |last=Toner |first=Robin |date=August 31, 1987 |title=Biden, Once the Field's Hot Democrat, Is Being Overtaken by Cooler Rivals |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/31/us/biden-once-the-field-s-hot-democrat-is-being-overtaken-by-cooler-rivals.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084657/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/31/us/biden-once-the-field-s-hot-democrat-is-being-overtaken-by-cooler-rivals.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=83}} He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.<ref name="nyt083187" />{{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=83}} | |||
After his selection as a vice presidential candidate, Biden was criticized by his own ] bishop over his stance on abortion, which goes against the church's pro-life teachings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/sep/08090212.html |title=Scranton Bishop Says He will Refuse Communion to Joseph Biden |publisher=Lifesitenews.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2008-09-10}}</ref> The diocese confirmed that even if elected vice president, Biden would not be allowed to speak at Catholic schools.<ref name="ce082808">{{cite news | url=http://www.catholicexchange.com/2008/08/28/113619/ | title=Biden’s Bishop Will not Permit Him, Even if Elected VP, to Speak at Catholic Schools | author=Westen, John-Henry | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-28 | accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref> Biden was soon barred from receiving ] by the bishop of his original hometown of ], because of his support for abortion rights;<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Kirkpatrick |title=Abortion Issue Again Dividing Catholic Votes |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/us/politics/17catholics.html?bl&ex=1221883200&en=1e3acb5115249581&ei=5087%0A |work=] |date=2008-09-16 |accessdate=2008-09-19 }}</ref> however, Biden did continue to receive Communion at his local Delaware parish.<ref name="ce082808"/> Scranton became a flash point in the competition for swing state Catholic voters between the Democratic campaign and liberal Catholic groups, who stressed that other social issues should be considered as much or more than abortion, and many bishops and conservative Catholics, who maintained abortion was paramount.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/us/politics/05catholic.html | title=A Fight Among Catholics Over Which Party Best Reflects Church Teachings | author=Kirkpatrick, David D. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-10-04 | accessdate=2008-10-05}}</ref> '']'' reported that Biden "departed from party doctrine on abortion rights, declaring that as a Catholic, he believes life begins at conception", but Biden said that he would not impose his personal religious views on others.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Phillips |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=As a Matter of Faith, Biden Says Life Begins at Conception |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/08/us/politics/08campaign.html?ref=us |work= |publisher='']'' |date=September 7, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-07 }}</ref> | |||
By August his campaign's messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries,{{sfn|Taylor|1990|pp=108–109}} and in September, he was accused of ] a speech by ] leader ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dowd |first=Maureen |author-link=Maureen Dowd |date=September 12, 1987 |title=Biden's Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/12/us/biden-s-debate-finale-an-echo-from-abroad.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215003637/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/12/us/biden-s-debate-finale-an-echo-from-abroad.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden's speech had similar lines about being the first person in his family to attend university. Biden had credited Kinnock with the formulation on previous occasions,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Randolph |first=Eleanor |date=September 13, 1987 |title=Plagiarism Suggestion Angers Biden's Aides |page=A6 |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/13/plagiarism-suggestion-angers-bidens-aides/912bfcf1-b3f3-4850-a14d-e8b0bee1ed63/ |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081200/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/13/plagiarism-suggestion-angers-bidens-aides/912bfcf1-b3f3-4850-a14d-e8b0bee1ed63/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="lat-speech" /> but did not on two occasions in late August.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Germond|first1=Jack|url=https://archive.org/details/whosebroadstripe00germ|title=Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988|last2=Witcover|first2=Jules|publisher=]|year=1989|isbn=978-0-446-51424-8|author-link=Jack Germond|author-link2=Jules Witcover}}</ref>{{rp|230–232}}<ref name="lat-speech">{{Cite news |last1=Risen |first1=James |author-link=James Risen |last2=Shogan |first2=Robert |date=September 16, 1987 |title=Differing Versions Cited on Source of Passages: Biden Facing New Flap Over Speeches |work=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-16-mn-5412-story.html |access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081219/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-16-mn-5412-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Kinnock himself was more forgiving; the two men met in 1988, forming an enduring friendship.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=David|author-link=David Smith (journalist)|date=September 7, 2020|title=Neil Kinnock on Biden's plagiarism 'scandal' and why he deserves to win: 'Joe's an honest guy'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/07/neil-kinnock-joe-biden-1987-scandal|access-date=February 24, 2021|website=]|archive-date=February 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223091956/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/07/neil-kinnock-joe-biden-1987-scandal|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In general, Biden's vice presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press attention was focused on the Republican running mate, ] ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/joe-who.html | title=Joe Who? | author=] | publisher=] | date=2008-09-14 | accessdate=2008-09-15}}</ref><ref name="nyt-no2">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/us/politics/20biden.html | title=Meanwhile, the Other No. 2 Keeps On Punching | author=Leibovich, Mark | publisher='']'' | date=2008-09-19 | accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref> Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically-challenged areas of ]s and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who had supported ].<ref name="nyt-no2"/> Biden attacked McCain heavily, despite a long-standing personal friendship; he would say, “That guy I used to know, he’s gone. It literally saddens me.”<ref name="nyt-no2"/> As the ] reached a peak with the ] and the ] became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the $700 billion ], which passed the Senate 74–25.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ny1.com/content/features/86538/senate-passes-economic-rescue-package/Default.aspx | title=Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package | publisher=] | date=2008-10-01 | accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref> | |||
Earlier that year, Biden had also used passages from a 1967 speech by ] (for which his aides took blame) and a short phrase from ]; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dowd |first=Maureen |author-link=Maureen Dowd |date=September 16, 1987 |title=Biden Is Facing Growing Debate On His Speeches |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/us/biden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081135/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/us/biden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, ], had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.<ref name="aap08-bio" /><ref name="nyt091887">{{Cite news |last=Dionne | first=E. J. Jr. |author-link=E. J. Dionne |date=September 18, 1987 |title=Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not 'Malevolent' |work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/18/us/biden-admits-plagiarism-in-school-but-says-it-was-not-malevolent.html |access-date=February 4, 2022 |archive-date=April 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404115603/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/18/us/biden-admits-plagiarism-in-school-but-says-it-was-not-malevolent.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the ] with Palin. Polling from ], ] and ] found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/03/debate.poll/?iref=hpmostpop|title=Debate poll says Biden won, Palin beat expectations|accessdate=2008-10-04|publisher=Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/03/debate.poll/?iref=hpmostpop|title=CBS Poll: Uncommitted Voters Say Biden Won|accessdate=2008-10-04|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.kansascity.com/node/2299|title=Who Won VP Debate: A Review of Polls with October 3 pm update|publisher=Kansascity.com|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref> On October 5, Biden suspended campaign events for a few days after the death of his wife's mother.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/05/bidens-mother-in-law-dies/ | title=Biden's mother-in-law dies | author=Marquardt, Alexander | publisher=] | date=2008-10-05}}</ref> During the final days of the campaign, Biden focused on less-populated, older areas of battleground states, especially in Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated he was popular.<ref name="nyt103008">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/us/politics/31biden.html | title=Hitting the Backroads, and Having Less to Say | author=Broder, John M. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-10-30 | accessdate=2008-10-31}}</ref><ref name="time102908"/> Under instructions from the Obama campaign, he kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid off-hand remarks, such as one about Obama being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office that had attracted negative attention.<ref name="time102908">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1854640,00.html?imw=Y |title=Hidin' Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2 | author=Tumulty, Karen | publisher='']'' | date=2008-10-29 | accessdate=2008-11-01}}</ref><ref name="nyt103008"/> Nationally, Biden had a 60 percent favorability rating in a ] poll, compared to Palin's 44 percent.<ref name="nyt103008"/> | |||
A few days later, an incident was publicized in which, while in law school, Biden had taken text from a '']'' article with inadequate citations.<ref name="nyt091887" /> He was required to repeat the course and passed with high marks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=May |first=Lee |date=September 18, 1987 |title=Biden Admits Plagiarism in Writing Law School Brief |work=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-18-mn-5748-story.html |access-date=February 4, 2022 |archive-date=September 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130911001224/https://articles.latimes.com/print/1987-09-18/news/mn-5748_1_law-school |url-status=live}}</ref> At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 29, 1989 |title=Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism |work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/29/us/professional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html |access-date=February 4, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707020556/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/29/us/professional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==2008 Senate candidacy== | |||
{{Future election candidate|section|Biden, Joe}}<!--Do not remove, this denotes his current senate campaign-->{{main|United States Senate election in Delaware, 2008}} | |||
After ending his 2008 presidential bid in January, Biden focused instead on running for a seventh Senate term against ] ]. In late August 2008, he was picked by Obama to be his running mate. Biden is nevertheless continuing to run for Senate re-election as well as Vice President,<ref name="ap082408">{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug24/0,4670,CVNBidenTwoCampaigns,00.html | title=Biden Wages 2 Campaigns At Once | publisher=] | date=2008-08-24 | accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> as permitted by Delaware state law.<ref name="aap08-366">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 366.</ref> If he won both races, he would resign from the Senate before ] – January 20, 2009, assuming he chose to become Vice President.<ref name="ap082408"/><!--Do not remove, Misplaced Pages must not have false information or lies; we assume he will resign from the Senate but there are no reliable sources that states he would--> Delaware's Democratic governor, ], or possibly her successor, would then appoint someone else to serve the first two years of his term.<ref name="ap082408"/> There has been speculation in the media as to who the appointee might be.<ref>{{cite news |first=Shailagh |last=Murray |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Biden's Son Off to Iraq |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/08/20/bidens_son_off_to_iraq.html |work= |publisher='']'' |date=August 20, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.swingstateproject.com/showDiary.do?diaryId=2860 |title=Swing State Project:DE-Sen: Bidenmania|accessdate=2008-08-24|publisher=Swing State Project}}</ref> | |||
Biden has made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dionne |first=E. J. Jr. |author-link=E. J. Dionne |date=September 22, 1987 |title=Biden Admits Errors and Criticizes Latest Report |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/us/biden-admits-errors-and-criticizes-latest-report.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081243/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/us/biden-admits-errors-and-criticizes-latest-report.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=August 23, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1j0FS0Z6ho |title=1988 Road to the White House with Sen. Biden |publisher=] |via=] |access-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104111625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1j0FS0Z6ho |archive-date=January 4, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> and that he had marched in the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flegenheimer |first=Matt |date=June 3, 2019 |title=Biden's First Run for President Was a Calamity. Some Missteps Still Resonate. |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/us/politics/biden-1988-presidential-campaign.html |access-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603140340/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/us/politics/biden-1988-presidential-campaign.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The limited amount of other news about the presidential race amplified these disclosures<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pomper |first=Gerald M. |url=https://archive.org/details/electionof1988re00pomp/page/37 |title=The Election of 1988 |publisher=Chatham House Publishers |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-934540-77-3 |page= |chapter=The Presidential Nominations |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/electionof1988re00pomp|access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew his candidacy, saying it had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dionne |first=E. J. Jr. |author-link=E. J. Dionne |date=September 24, 1987 |title=Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/24/us/biden-withdraws-bid-for-president-in-wake-of-furor.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=December 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221235355/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/24/us/biden-withdraws-bid-for-president-in-wake-of-furor.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Career outside of government == | |||
In 1981, Biden received an ] from ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sju.edu/ir/documents/HonDegreeRecip_IR2008.pdf | title=Honorary Degree Recipients | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref> Since 1991, Biden has served as an ] at the ], where has taught a seminar on ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://law.widener.edu/Academics/Faculty/ProfilesDeAdj/BidenJosephR.aspx | title=Faculty: Joseph R. Biden, Jr. | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-09-24}}</ref> Biden has typically co-taught the course with another professor, taking on at least half the course minutes and sometimes flying back from overseas to make one of the classes.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://philly.metro.us/metro/local/article/For_Widener_Law_students_a_teacher_aims_high/13457.html | title=For Widener Law students, a teacher aims high | author=Purchla, Matt | publisher=] | date=2008-08-26 | accessdate=2008-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.delcotimes.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=20094884&BRD=1675&PAG=461&dept_id=18171&rfi=6 | title=For Widener Law students, a teacher aims high | author=Carey, Kathleen E. | publisher='']'' | date=2008-08-27 | accessdate=2008-09-25}}</ref> | |||
=== 2008 campaign === | |||
Biden is an inductee of the ] Hall of Fame,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dvfassn.com/awards.cfm?id=2 | title=Hall of Fame | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-09-16}}</ref> and sits on the board of advisors of the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.closeup.org/About/BoardofAdvisors.aspx | title=Board of Advisors | publisher=] | accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign}} | |||
] in ], July 2007.|alt=Photo of Biden, casually dressed, talking with a citizen in a garden]] | |||
After exploring the possibility of a run in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared ].<ref name="aap08-366" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2003 |title=Sen. Biden not running for president |publisher=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/08/11/biden/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123957/https://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/08/11/biden/index.html |archive-date=February 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balz |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Balz |date=February 1, 2007 |title=Biden Stumbles at the Starting Gate |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/31/AR2007013100404.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018123657/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/31/AR2007013100404.html |archive-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> During his campaign, Biden focused on the ], his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 19, 2007 |title=Transcript: The Democratic Debate |work=] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Decision2008/Story?id=3498294&page=1 |url-status=live |access-date=September 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011185127/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Decision2008/story?id=3498294&page=1 |archive-date=October 11, 2008}}</ref> Biden was noted for his ] during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate ], "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and ]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrell |first=Joelle |date=November 1, 2007 |title=A noun, a verb and 9/11 |work=] |url=https://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071101/NEWS01/711010358/1043/NEWS01 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828010554/https://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071101%2FNEWS01%2F711010358%2F1043%2FNEWS01 |archive-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref> | |||
==Political positions== | |||
{{main|Political positions of Joe Biden}} | |||
Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator ].<ref>{{cite web |date=August 25, 2008 |title=Conventions 2008: Sen. Joseph Biden (D) |url=https://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080825_3122.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906210353/https://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080825_3122.php |archive-date=September 6, 2008 |access-date=September 16, 2008 |website=]}}</ref> He never rose above single digits in ]. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the ], garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iowa Democratic Party Caucus Results |url=https://www.iowacaucusresults.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229055041/https://www.iowacaucusresults.com/ |archive-date=December 29, 2008 |access-date=August 28, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref> He withdrew from the race that evening.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Shailagh |date=January 4, 2008 |title=Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010400260.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520022844/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010400260.html |archive-date=May 20, 2008}}</ref> | |||
A method that political scientists use for gauging ideology is to compare the annual ratings by the ] (ADA) with the ratings by the ] (ACU).<ref>{{citeweb|last=Mayer|first=William|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A28761-2004Mar27?language=printer|title=Kerry's Record Rings a Bell|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-24}} "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU)."</ref> Biden has a lifetime ] 72 percent score from the ADA through 2004, while the ACU awarded Biden a lifetime ] rating of 13 percent through 2007.<!-- Really want through 2007, but ADA does not supply lifetime averages, and have not yet found reliable media source for it--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/judicial/2005-09-11-judiciarycommitteeprofiles_x.htm|title="Judging Judge Roberts: A look at the Judiciary Committee"], '']'', ]. Retrieved ]|last=Kiely|first=Kathy}} See also: {{citeweb|url=http://www.acuratings.org/2007senate.htm|title=2007 U.S. Senate votes|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-24}} Lifetime rating is given.</ref> | |||
Using another metric, Biden has a lifetime average liberal score of 77.5 percent, according to a '']'' analysis that places him ideologically among the center of Senate Democrats.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biden's Senate Vote Record|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080823_9669.php|date=August 23, 2008|accessdate=2008-08-23|publisher=nationaljournal.com}}</ref> | |||
'']'' rates congressional votes as liberal or conservative on the ], in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006, Biden's average ratings were as follows: the economic rating was 80 percent liberal and 13 percent conservative, the social rating was 78 percent liberal and 18 percent conservative, and the foreign rating was 71 percent liberal and 25 percent conservative.<ref name="aap-08">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 363. In 2005, the ratings were E 73 26, S 83 10, F 76 15; in 2006, E 87 0, S 73 26, F 65 34.</ref> This has not changed much over time; his liberal ratings in the mid-1980s were also in the 70–80 percent range.<ref name="cby-44"/> | |||
Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world.<ref name="gamechange">{{Cite book |last1=Heilemann |first1=John |title=Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime |title-link=Game Change |last2=Halperin |first2=Mark |publisher=] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-06-173363-5 |location=New York |author-link=John Heilemann |author-link2=Mark Halperin}}</ref>{{rp|336}} In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the ], they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom,<ref name="nytm-traub" />{{sfn|Wolffe|2009|p=218}} while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing.<ref name="gamechange" />{{rp|28, 337–338}} Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal".{{sfn|Wolffe|2009|p=218}}<ref name="gamechange" />{{rp|28, 337–338}} | |||
Various ]s have given Biden scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group. | |||
The ] (ACLU) gives him an 86 percent lifetime score, with a 91 percent score for the current session of Congress.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://action.aclu.org/site/VoteCenter?congress=110&repId=199&session_num=0&page=legScore|title=ACLU Congressional Scorecard|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> | |||
Biden received a 91 percent voting record from the ] (NEA) showing a pro-teacher union voting record.<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url = http://www.ed.gov/legislation/ESEA/sec14510.html |title = Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, SEC. 14510 |accessdate = 2008-08-23 | |||
|publisher = US Department of Education}}</ref> Biden opposes drilling for oil in the ] and supports governmental funding to find new energy sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anwr.org/Politics/Presidential-Candidates-views-on-ANWR-The-Democrats.php |title=Arctic Power - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Presidential Candidates views on ANWR, The Democrats |accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> Biden believes action must be taken on ]. He co-sponsored the Sense of the Senate resolution calling on the ] to be a part of the ] climate negotiations and the ], the most stringent climate bill in the ].<ref>{{cite news | publisher='']'' | date=January 3, 2008 | accessdate=2008-05-04 | url=http://www.grist.org/feature/2007/08/29/biden_factsheet/ | title=A look at the environmental record of Joe Biden, Barack Obama's ...}}</ref> Biden cites high health care and energy costs as two major threats to the prosperity of American businesses, and believes that addressing these issues will improve American economic competitiveness. Biden was given a 100 percent approval rating from ] indicating a heavily pro-union voting record. Biden is opposed to the ] and was given an 89 percent approval rating from the ] (ARA), an organization of retired union members. | |||
== 2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns == | |||
==Almanac== | |||
{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center" | |||
|-bgcolor=#cccccc | |||
!colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" | '''Public Offices''' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Office''' | |||
! '''Type''' | |||
! '''Location''' | |||
! '''Elected''' | |||
! '''Term began''' | |||
! '''Term ends''' | |||
! '''notes''' | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|1970 | |||
|January 4, 1971 | |||
|January 3, 1973 | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 1973 | |||
|January 3, 1979 | |||
| | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 1979 | |||
|January 3, 1985 | |||
| | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 1985 | |||
|January 3, 1991 | |||
| | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 1991 | |||
|January 3, 1997 | |||
| | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 1997 | |||
|January 3, 2003 | |||
| | |||
|-{{Party shading/Anti-Masonic}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|January 3, 2003 | |||
|January 3, 2009 | |||
| | |||
{{end box}} | |||
=== 2008 campaign === | |||
{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center" | |||
{{Main|Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign|2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection}} | |||
|-bgcolor=#cccccc | |||
] in ].|alt=Photo of Biden outdoors behind a lectern, with Obama seated behind him and smiling]] | |||
!colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" |] | |||
|- | |||
! '''Dates''' | |||
! '''Congress''' | |||
! '''Sen. Majority''' | |||
! '''President''' | |||
! '''Committees''' | |||
! '''Class/District''' | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1973–1975 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|]<br />] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1975–1977 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1977–1979 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1979–1981 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1981–1983 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1983–1985 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1985–1987 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1987–1989 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1989–1991 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1991–1993 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|1993–1995 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1995–1997 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1997–1999 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|1999–2001 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|- | |||
|2001–2003 | |||
|] | |||
|]<br />] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|2003–2005 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Republican}} | |||
|2005–2007 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | |||
|2007–2009 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|], ] | |||
|] | |||
{{end box}} | |||
Shortly after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Obama privately told him he was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration.<ref name="ny-lizza">{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/10/20/bidens-brief |title=Biden's Brief |last=Lizza |first=Ryan |magazine=] |date=October 20, 2008 |access-date=November 24, 2008 |author-link=Ryan Lizza |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725212805/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/10/20/bidens-brief |url-status=live}}</ref> In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility,<ref name="ny-lizza" /> and developed a strong personal rapport.{{sfn|Wolffe|2009|p=218}} On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama's veep message to supporters |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082300455.html |first=Jose Antonio |last=Vargas |newspaper=] |date=August 23, 2008 |access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204011137/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082300455.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with ] and ] experience.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Adam |last1=Nagourney |author-link=Adam Nagourney |first2=Jeff|last2=Zeleny |title=Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/us/politics/24biden.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825223450/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/us/politics/24biden.html |archive-date=August 25, 2008 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=] |date=August 23, 2008 |access-date=August 23, 2008}}</ref> Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and ] voters.<ref>{{#invoke:cite magazine||last=Dionne |first=E. J. Jr. |author-link=E. J. Dionne |title=Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week's convention |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/62212/tramps-us |magazine=] |date=August 25, 2008 |access-date=August 25, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828210626/https://tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=2ecbd0b9-c2c4-44d7-824a-603b4a418c74 |archive-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref>{{sfn|Wolffe|2009|p=217}} Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at the ] in ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2008/08/27/biden-accepts-vp-nominationhttps:// |title=Biden accepts VP nomination |first=Jennifer |last=Brown |work=] |date=August 27, 2008 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907020534/https://www.denverpost.com/2008/08/27/biden-accepts-vp-nomination/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===Electoral history=== | |||
{{main|Electoral history of Joe Biden}} | |||
{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center" | |||
|-bgcolor=#cccccc | |||
!colspan=13 style="background: #ccccff;" |'''Election results''' | |||
|- | |||
!Year | |||
!Office | |||
!Election | |||
!Votes for Biden | |||
!% | |||
!Opponent | |||
!Party | |||
!Votes | |||
!% | |||
|- | |||
|1970 | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |10,573 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |55% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Lawrence T. Messick | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |8,192 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |43% | |||
|-|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |116,006 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |50% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |112,844 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |49% | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |93,930 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |58% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |James H. Baxter, Jr. | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |66,479 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |41% | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |147,831 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |60% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |John M. Burris | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |98,101 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |40% | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |112,918 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |63% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |M. Jane Brady | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |64,554 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |36% | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |165,465 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |60% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Raymond J. Clatworthy | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |105,088 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |38% | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|General | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |135,253 | |||
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |58% | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |Raymond J. Clatworthy | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |] | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |94,793 | |||
|{{Party shading/Republican}} |41% | |||
|- | |||
{{end box}} | |||
Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media attention, as the press devoted far more coverage to the Republican nominee, ] ].<ref name="nyt-no2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/us/politics/20biden.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921063344/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/us/politics/20biden.html |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Meanwhile, the Other No. 2 Keeps On Punching |last=Leibovich |first=Mark |work=] |date=September 19, 2008 |access-date=September 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/joe-who.html |title=Joe Who? |last=Tapper |first=Jake |work=] |date=September 14, 2008 |access-date=September 15, 2008 |author-link=Jake Tapper |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915055913/https://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/joe-who.html |archive-date=September 15, 2008}}</ref> Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks, such as one he made about Obama's being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention.<ref>{{cite news |last=Broder |first=John M. |date=October 30, 2008 |title=Hitting the Backroads, and Having Less to Say |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/us/politics/31biden.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 31, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031091558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/us/politics/31biden.html |archive-date=October 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Tumulty |first=Karen |date=October 29, 2008 |title=Hidin' Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2 |magazine=] |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1855355,00.html |access-date=November 1, 2008 |archive-date=January 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109102805/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1855355,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?", he asked.<ref name="gamechange" />{{rp|411–414, 419}} Obama campaign staffers called Biden's blunders "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.<ref name="nyt0508122" /> Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.<ref name="gamechange" />{{rp|411–414}} | |||
==Further reading== | |||
{{JoeBidenseries}} | |||
], January 2007 ]] | |||
As the ] reached a peak in September 2008, and the proposed ] became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted for the $700{{nbsp}}billion ], which passed in the Senate, 74–25.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ny1.com/content/features/86538/senate-passes-economic-rescue-package/Default.aspx |title=Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package |publisher=] |date=October 1, 2008 |access-date=October 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005022401/https://www.ny1.com/content/features/86538/senate-passes-economic-rescue-package/Default.aspx |archive-date=October 5, 2008}}</ref> On October 2, he participated in the ] with Palin at ]. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall. {{sfn|Witcover|2010|pp=655–661}} | |||
On November 4, Obama and Biden ] with 53% of the popular vote and 365 ] to McCain and Palin's 173.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html |title=Obama: 'This is your victory' |publisher=] |access-date=November 5, 2008 |date=November 4, 2008 |archive-date=November 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107223835/https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Franke-Ruta |first=Garance |url=https://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/11/19/mccain_takes_missouri.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023022914/https://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/11/mccain-takes-missouri.html |title=McCain Takes Missouri |newspaper=] |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |date=November 19, 2008 |access-date=November 19, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/ |title=President—Election Center 2008 |publisher=] |access-date=November 19, 2008 |archive-date=November 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109050840/https://edition.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
At the same time Biden was running for vice president, he was also running for reelection to the Senate,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug24/0,4670,CVNBidenTwoCampaigns,00.html |title=Biden Wages 2 Campaigns At Once |agency=] |date=August 24, 2008 |access-date=August 29, 2008 |first=Randall |last=Chase |publisher=] |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185451/https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug24/0,4670,CVNBidenTwoCampaigns,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> as permitted by Delaware law.<ref name="aap08-366">''Almanac of American Politics'' 2008, p. 366.</ref> On November{{nbsp}}4, he was ] to the Senate, defeating Republican ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-11-04-420465768_x.htm |title=Biden wins 7th Senate term but may not serve |last=Nuckols |first=Ben |agency=] |newspaper=] |date=November 4, 2008 |access-date=February 6, 2009 |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226050628/https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-11-04-420465768_x.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Having won both races, Biden made a point of not resigning from the Senate before he was sworn in for his seventh term in January 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2009901070333 |title=A bittersweet oath for Biden |last=Gaudiano |first=Nicole |work=] |date=January 7, 2009 |access-date=February 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212100305/https://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2009901070333 |archive-date=February 12, 2009}}</ref> He cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350{{nbsp}}billion for the ],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trish |last=Turner |agency=] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senate-releases-350-billion-in-bailout-funds-to-obama |title=Senate Releases $350 Billion in Bailout Funds to Obama |publisher=] |date=January 15, 2009 |access-date=January 25, 2009 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230182202/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senate-releases-350-billion-in-bailout-funds-to-obama |url-status=live}}</ref> and ] later that day, after which ] took office as his successor.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 15, 2009 |title=Obama Wins $350B Senate TARP Vote |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Economy/story?id=6654133&page=1 |url-status=live |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104093212/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Economy/story?id=6654133&page=1 |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |access-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 16, 2009 |title=Senate swears in Biden replacement Kaufman |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28692968 |url-status=live |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924063807/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28692968 |archive-date=September 24, 2022 |access-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref> | |||
=== 2012 campaign === | |||
{{Main|Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign}} | |||
In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the ],<ref name="nyt1013102" /> but with Obama's popularity on the decline, ] ] conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton.<ref name="nyt-dd-replace" /> The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for Obama,<ref name="nyt-dd-replace">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/01/us/politics/book-details-consideration-of-replacing-biden-on-2012-ticket.html |title=Book Details Obama Aides' Talks About Replacing Biden on 2012 Ticket |last=Martin |first=Jonathan |newspaper=] |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082553/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/01/us/politics/book-details-consideration-of-replacing-biden-on-2012-ticket.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and White House officials later said Obama himself had never entertained the idea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/politico44/2013/11/wh-obama-never-considered-dropping-joe-biden-176520 |title=W.H.: Obama never considered dropping Joe Biden |last=Allen |first=Jonathan |newspaper=] |date=November 1, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104143531/https://www.politico.com/politico44/2013/11/wh-obama-never-considered-dropping-biden-176520.html |archive-date=November 4, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with ] gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-may-06-la-na-biden-gay-marriage-20120507-story.html |title=Biden 'comfortable' with equal rights for gays who wed |date=May 6, 2012 |first=Christi |last=Parsons |newspaper=] |access-date=May 8, 2012 |archive-date=May 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526082737/https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-may-06-la-na-biden-gay-marriage-20120507-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention.<ref name="nyt0508122" /><ref name="ap051012" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/6-hidden-obama-campaign-fault-lines-080028 |title=6 hidden fault lines in President Obama's campaign |last=Thursh |first=Glenn |newspaper=] |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208190849/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/6-hidden-obama-campaign-fault-lines-080028 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement,<ref name="ap051012" /> and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's remarks.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/10/us/politics/obama-says-same-sex-marriage-should-be-legal.html | title=Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legal | first1=Jackie | last1=Calmes | first2=Peter | last2=Baker | newspaper=] | date=May 9, 2012 | access-date=May 10, 2012 | archive-date=May 10, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510014102/https://www.nytimes.comhttps://2012/05/10/us/politics/obama-says-same-sex-marriage-should-be-legal.html | url-status=live}}</ref> Biden apologized to Obama in private for having spoken out,<ref>{{cite news |last=Thrush |first=Glenn |date=August 20, 2012 |title=Politico e-book: Obama campaign roiled by conflict |newspaper=] |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/politico-e-book-obama-campaign-roiled-by-conflict-079867 |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084846/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/politico-e-book-obama-campaign-roiled-by-conflict-079867 |archive-date=January 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Julie|last=Pace|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/10/joe-biden-gay-marriage-apology_n_1507939.html |title=Joe Biden Reportedly Apologized To Obama Over Gay Marriage Comments |agency=] |work=] |date=May 10, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528233546/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/10/joe-biden-gay-marriage-apology_n_1507939.html |archive-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the heart.<ref name="ap051012">{{cite news | url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/ap-source-biden-apologizes-to-obama-over-comments | title=AP source: Biden apologizes to Obama over comments | agency=] | publisher=] | date=May 10, 2012 | access-date=May 16, 2012 | archive-date=October 6, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006123920/https://www.foxnews.com/us/ap-source-biden-apologizes-to-obama-over-comments | url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The Obama campaign valued Biden as a retail-level politician, and he had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the ] began in earnest in spring 2012.<ref name="time-be-joe">{{cite news |last=Von Drehle |first=David |author-link=David Von Drehle |date=September 10, 2012 |title=Let There Be Joe |pages=41–43 |magazine=] |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2123322,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109162947/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2123322,00.html |archive-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name="time-mo">{{cite news |title=Mo Joe |last=Scherer |first=Michael |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,2116132-1,00.html |magazine=] |date=June 11, 2012 |pages=26–30 |access-date=September 6, 2022 |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927141830/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,2116132-1,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" once again drew attention to Biden's propensity for colorful remarks.<ref name="time-be-joe" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Memoli |first=Michael A. |date=August 17, 2012 |title=Biden's unscripted moments keep campaign on its toes |newspaper=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2012-aug-17-la-na-biden-20120817-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082611/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2012-aug-17-la-na-biden-20120817-story.html |archive-date=January 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/mission-impossible-managing-biden-079776 |title=Mission Impossible: Managing Joe Biden |last=Martin |first=Jonathan |newspaper=] |date=August 16, 2012 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084811/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/mission-impossible-managing-biden-079776 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
]]] | |||
In the first presidential debate of the general election, President Obama's performance was considered surprisingly lackluster.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2012 |title=Romney Narrows Vote Gap After Historic Debate Win |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/157907/romney-narrows-vote-gap-historic-debate-win.aspx |access-date=January 29, 2024 |publisher=] |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://news.gallup.com/poll/157907/romney-narrows-vote-gap-historic-debate-win.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Time'' magazine's Joe Klein called it "one of the most inept performances I've ever seen by a sitting president".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Klein |first=Joe |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Obama's Debate Strategy: Unilateral Disarmament? |url=https://swampland.time.com/2012/10/03/the-debate/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055645/https://swampland.time.com/2012/10/03/the-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Over the next few days, Obama's lead over Romney collapsed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2012 |title=Romney's Strong Debate Performance Erases Obama's Lead |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2012/10/08/romneys-strong-debate-performance-erases-obamas-lead/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |publisher=] |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2012/10/08/romneys-strong-debate-performance-erases-obamas-lead/ |url-status=live}}</ref> putting pressure on Biden to stop the bleeding with a strong showing against the Republican vice-presidential nominee, ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reston |first=Maeve |date=September 25, 2016 |title=When Romney trounced Obama |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/25/politics/obama-debate-election-2012/index.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/25/politics/obama-debate-election-2012/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |date=October 4, 2012 |title=Mitt Romney comes out on top as Obama stumbles in first debate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/04/romney-obama-first-presidential-debate |access-date=January 29, 2024 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/04/romney-obama-first-presidential-debate |url-status=live}}</ref> Some political analysts considered Biden's performance against Ryan in the October 11 vice-presidential debate one of the best of his career<ref>{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Daniel |date=September 27, 2020 |title=Biden's team hopes for repeat of his 2012 performance as Trump debate nears |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/27/trump-biden-us-presidential-debate-2012 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/27/trump-biden-us-presidential-debate-2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Michael |date=October 11, 2012 |title=Biden plays aggressor in debate as Ryan makes GOP case |url=https://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/11/14376267-biden-plays-aggressor-in-debate-as-ryan-argues-gop-case |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928140933/https://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/11/14376267-biden-plays-aggressor-in-debate-as-ryan-argues-gop-case |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref> and a key factor in Obama's rebound in the polls and eventual victory over Romney.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=Nate |date=October 12, 2012 |title=In Polls, Biden Gets a Hold |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/in-polls-biden-gets-a-hold/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=FiveThirtyEight |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129055644/https://archive.nytimes.com/fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/in-polls-biden-gets-a-hold/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Sparks fly as Biden, Ryan face off in feisty vice presidential debate |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sparks-fly-as-biden-ryan-face-off-in-feisty-vice-presidential-debate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082631/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sparks-fly-as-biden-ryan-face-off-in-feisty-vice-presidential-debate |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref> The debate also became memorable for the popularization of Biden's use of the phrase "a bunch of malarkey" in response to an attack by Ryan on the administration's response to the September 11, 2012, attacks on the U.S. embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Memmott |first=Mark |date=October 12, 2012 |title=What's All This Malarkey About Malarkey? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/10/12/162791655/whats-all-this-malarkey-about-malarkey |access-date=January 28, 2024 |publisher=NPR |archive-date=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606155406/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/10/12/162791655/whats-all-this-malarkey-about-malarkey |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Guarino |first=Ben |date=July 28, 2016 |title=Joe Biden loves the word 'malarkey.' But nobody knows where it came from. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/07/28/joe-biden-loves-the-word-malarkey-but-nobody-knows-where-it-came-from/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828231353/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/07/28/joe-biden-loves-the-word-malarkey-but-nobody-knows-where-it-came-from/ |archive-date=August 28, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Biden reused the phrase during his 2020 presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=December 2, 2019 |title=The unexpected nostalgia of Biden's 'malarkey' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/02/unexpected-nostalgia-bidens-malarkey/ |access-date=January 28, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007174617/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/02/unexpected-nostalgia-bidens-malarkey/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On November 6, Obama and Biden won reelection<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/obama-defeats-romney-to-win-second-term-vows-he-has-more-work-to-do | title=Obama defeats Romney to win second term, vows he has 'more work to do' | publisher=] | date=November 7, 2012 | access-date=August 27, 2021 | archive-date=February 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215014622/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/obama-defeats-romney-to-win-second-term-vows-he-has-more-work-to-do | url-status=live}}</ref> over Romney and Ryan with 332 of 538 ] and 51% of the popular vote.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2013-jan-04-la-pn-obama-biden-officially-win-second-term-20130104-story.html |title=It's official: Obama, Biden win second term |last=Memoli |first=Michael A. |newspaper=] |date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082641/https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2013-jan-04-la-pn-obama-biden-officially-win-second-term-20130104-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Vice presidency (2009–2017) == | |||
{{See also|Presidency of Barack Obama}} | |||
=== First term (2009–2013) === | |||
{{See also|First inauguration of Barack Obama}} | |||
] on January 20, 2009|alt=Photo of Biden raising his right hand, reciting the Oath]] | |||
Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by ]'s vice president, ], and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/22/biden.lkl/index.html |title=Biden says he'll be different vice president |publisher=] |date=December 22, 2008 |access-date=December 22, 2008 |archive-date=December 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224093055/https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/22/biden.lkl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He was sworn in as the 47th vice president of the United States on January 20, 2009.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=January 20, 2009|title=In culminating moment, Biden is vice president |work=] |agency=]|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2009/01/in_culminating_moment_biden_is.html|access-date=July 27, 2016|archive-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101194210/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2009/01/in_culminating_moment_biden_is.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the first vice president from Delaware<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=November 3, 2008 |title=Think you know your election trivia? |publisher=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/03/election.trivia/index.html |access-date=November 9, 2008 |archive-date=November 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106075757/https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/03/election.trivia/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the first ] vice president.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Ken |last=Rudin |date=January 9, 2009|title=The First Catholic Vice President? |publisher=] |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/politicaljunkie/2009/01/the_first_catholic_vice_presid.html|access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-date=September 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925060421/https://www.npr.org/sections/politicaljunkie/2009/01/the_first_catholic_vice_presid.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Gaudiano |first=Nicole|date=November 6, 2008 |title=VP's home awaits if Biden chooses |work=] |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/article/20081106/NEWS02/811060379 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109060406/https://www.delawareonline.com/article/20081106/NEWS02/811060379 |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}</ref> | |||
Obama was soon comparing Biden to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things that don't show up in the stat sheet".<ref name="nyt032809">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Leibovich|first=Mark|date=March 28, 2009|title=Speaking Freely, Biden Finds Influential Role|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/us/politics/29biden.html|access-date=March 31, 2009|archive-date=April 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401232903/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/us/politics/29biden.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden visited ] in May and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chun|first=Kwang-Ho|title=Kosovo: A New European Nation-State?|url=https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/96517/1/5.Kosovo-A-New-European-Nation-State_Kwang-ho-Chun.pdf|journal=Journal of International and Area Studies|volume=18|issue=1|year=2011|pages=91, 94|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082124/https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/96517/1/5.Kosovo-A-New-European-Nation-State_Kwang-ho-Chun.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State ] about ],<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Dilanian|first=Ken|date=June 11, 2009|title=In a supporting role, Clinton takes a low-key approach at State Dept.|work=]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/printedition/news/20090611/1aclinton11_cv.art.htm|access-date=July 22, 2009|archive-date=May 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516020144/https://www.usatoday.com/printedition/news/20090611/1aclinton11_cv.art.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Smith|first=Ben|date=June 23, 2009|title=Hillary Clinton toils in the shadows|work=]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/06/clinton-toils-in-the-shadows-024067|access-date=July 22, 2009|archive-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916005405/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/06/clinton-toils-in-the-shadows-024067|url-status=live}}</ref> but his skepticism was valued,<ref name="pol091609">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Cummings|first=Jeanne|date=September 16, 2009|title=Joe Biden, 'the skunk at the family picnic'|publisher=]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/09/the-skunk-at-the-family-picnic-027211|access-date=September 17, 2009}}</ref> and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.<ref name="nw-cov-1010092">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Bailey|first1=Holly|last2=Thomas|first2=Evan|author-link2=Evan Thomas|date=October 10, 2009|title=An Inconvenient Truth Teller|magazine=]|url=https://www.newsweek.com/joe-biden-white-house-truth-teller-81181|access-date=November 6, 2009|archive-date=November 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123063731/https://www.newsweek.com/joe-biden-white-house-truth-teller-81181|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden visited Iraq about every two months,<ref name="nytm-traub" /> becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there.<ref name="pol091609" /> More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility: Obama was said to have said, "Joe, you do Iraq."<ref>{{#invoke:cite magazine||last=Osnos|first=Evan|author-link=Evan Osnos|date=August 12, 2014|title=Breaking Up: Maliki and Biden|magazine=]|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/breaking-maliki-biden|access-date=August 26, 2015|archive-date=October 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002053443/https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/breaking-maliki-biden|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.<ref name="time-mo" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Crowley|first=Michael|date=November 9, 2014|title=The war over President Obama's new war in Iraq|work=]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/president-obama-war-iraq-112730|access-date=August 26, 2015|archive-date=October 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013002931/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/president-obama-war-iraq-112730|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden oversaw ] intended to help counteract the ].<ref>{{#invoke:cite magazine||last=Scherer|first=Michael|date=July 1, 2009|title=What Happened to the Stimulus?|magazine=]|url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1908417,00.html|access-date=July 8, 2009|archive-date=January 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109095116/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1908417,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred,<ref name="pol091609" /> and when he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Travers|first=Karen|date=February 17, 2011|title='Sheriff Joe' Biden Touts Recovery Act Success—and Hands Over His Badge|work=]|url=https://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/02/sheriff-joe-biden-touts-recovery-act-success-and-hands-over-his-badge.html|url-status=dead|access-date=March 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221153327/https://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/02/sheriff-joe-biden-touts-recovery-act-success-and-hands-over-his-badge.html|archive-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref> | |||
Biden's off-message response to a question in late April 2009, during the beginning of the ], led to a swift retraction by the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Silva|first1=Mark|last2=Parsons|first2=Christi|date=May 1, 2009|title=White House adjusts Biden's swine flu advice|work=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-01-na-biden1-story.html|access-date=May 28, 2009|archive-date=October 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009170032/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-01-na-biden1-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The remark revived Biden's reputation for ].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=May 1, 2009|title=White House tempers Biden's swine flu advice|work=]|url=https://www.boston.com/news/health/articles/2009/05/01/white_house_tempers_bidens_swine_flu_advice/|url-status=dead |access-date=May 28, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505114058/https://www.boston.com/news/health/articles/2009/05/01/white_house_tempers_bidens_swine_flu_advice/|archive-date=May 5, 2009}}</ref><ref name="nw-cov-1010092" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Kurtzman|first=Daniel|date=May 8, 2009|title=The Week's Best Late-Night Jokes|publisher=]|url=https://www.liveabout.com/late-night-political-jokes-2733896|access-date=May 28, 2009|archive-date=June 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611193402/https://www.liveabout.com/late-night-political-jokes-2733896|url-status=live}}</ref> Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was", but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=July 5, 2009|title=Biden: 'We misread how bad the economy was'|publisher=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/31745563|access-date=July 9, 2009|archive-date=December 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217104812/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/31745563/|url-status=live}}</ref> A ] picked up Biden telling Obama that his signing the ] was "a big fucking deal" on March 23, 2010. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended ] together.<ref name="nyt0508122">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Leibovich|first=Mark|date=May 7, 2012|title=For a Blunt Biden, an Uneasy Supporting Role|page=1|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/us/politics/for-a-blunt-biden-an-uneasy-supporting-role.html|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081748/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/us/politics/for-a-blunt-biden-an-uneasy-supporting-role.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
] deal which led to the ].|alt=Photo of Obama and Biden shaking hands in the Oval Office]] | |||
Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions.<ref name="The New York Times-2">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Baker|first=Peter|date=April 28, 2019|title=Biden and Obama's 'Odd Couple' Relationship Aged Into Family Ties|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/28/us/politics/barack-obama-biden.html|access-date=April 26, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606093422/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/28/us/politics/barack-obama-biden.html|quote=He was also the in-house skeptic on the use of force, arguing against a troop surge to Afghanistan, military intervention in Libya and the raid that killed Osama bin Laden.|url-status=live}}</ref> ], White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter ].<ref name="nyt032809" /> Obama said, "The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me."<ref name="pol091609" /> The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their ] in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Parnes|first=Amie|date=June 28, 2011|title=The Bidens' 'regular' lives|newspaper=]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/06/the-bidens-regular-lives-057887|access-date=June 28, 2011|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016194519/https://www.politico.com/story/2011/06/the-bidens-regular-lives-057887|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the ], maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.<ref name="nyt1013102">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|date=October 12, 2010|title=Vice President Tries to Energize Democrats|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/13/us/politics/13biden.html|access-date=October 14, 2010|archive-date=October 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028044617/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/13/us/politics/13biden.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House chief of staff ], Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.<ref name="pol1209102">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|last2=Bresnahan|first2=John|date=December 9, 2010|title=Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress|newspaper=]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/12/biden-steps-into-rahms-shoes-046173|access-date=December 10, 2010|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016194519/https://www.politico.com/story/2010/12/biden-steps-into-rahms-shoes-046173|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt1211102">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Cooper|first=Helene|date=December 11, 2010|title=As the Ground Shifts, Biden Plays a Bigger Role|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/us/politics/12biden.html|access-date=December 13, 2010|archive-date=December 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213044241/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/us/politics/12biden.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the ].<ref name="pol1209102" /><ref name="nyt1211102" /> In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader ], were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary ].<ref name="nyt1211102" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Hulse|first1=Carl|last2=Calmes|first2=Jackie|date=December 7, 2010|title=Biden and G.O.P. Leader Helped Hammer Out Bipartisan Tax Accord|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/us/politics/08deal.html|access-date=December 8, 2010|archive-date=December 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208043606/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/us/politics/08deal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The package passed as the ]. | |||
] to monitor the progress of the May 2011 ] to kill ].|alt=Photo of Obama, Biden, and national security staffers in the Situation Room, somberly listening to updates on the bin Laden raid]] | |||
Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress in March 2011 to resolve federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoid a government shutdown.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Congress averts shutdown, sends stopgap to Obama |date=March 2, 2011 |first1=Andy |last1=Sullivan |first2=Kim |last2=Dixon |first3=Alister |last3=Bull |first4=Thomas |last4=Ferraro |first5=Richard |last5=Cowan |work=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-spending-idUSTRE7205MS20110302}}</ref> The ] developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in breaking a deadlock and bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the ], signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented ] had loomed.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Thrush |first1=Glenn |last2=Brown |first2=Carrie Budoff |last3=Raju |first3=Manu |last4=Bresnahan |first4=John |date=August 2, 2011 |title=Joe Biden, Mitch McConnell and the making of a debt deal |newspaper=] |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/08/biden-mcconnell-and-the-making-of-a-deal-060463 |access-date=August 4, 2011 |archive-date=September 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922144250/https://www.politico.com/story/2011/08/biden-mcconnell-and-the-making-of-a-deal-060463|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=August 3, 2011 |first1=Ben |last1=Feller |first2=Julie |last2=Pace |first3=Laurie |last3=Kellman |first4=Nancy |last4=Benac |title=The real drama was in private as debt deal hatched |publisher=] |agency=] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/the-real-drama-was-in-private-as-debt-deal-hatched |access-date=August 4, 2011 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230142752/https://www.foxnews.com/us/the-real-drama-was-in-private-as-debt-deal-hatched |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Bohan |first1=Caren |last2=Sullivan |first2=Andy |last3=Ferraro |first3=Thomas |date=August 3, 2011 |title=Special report: How Washington took the U.S. to the brink |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-debt-brink/special-report-how-washington-took-the-u-s-to-the-brink-idUSTRE77271R20110803|access-date=August 4, 2011|archive-date=October 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013231825/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-debt-brink/special-report-how-washington-took-the-u-s-to-the-brink-idUSTRE77271R20110803|url-status=live}}</ref> Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 ],<ref name="time-mo" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |author-link=David Weigel |date=January 10, 2014 |title=Hillary Told the President That Her Opposition to the Surge in Iraq Had Been Political |work=] |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2014/01/robert-gates-duty-hillary-told-the-president-that-her-opposition-to-the-surge-in-iraq-had-been-political.html |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082441/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2014/01/robert-gates-duty-hillary-told-the-president-that-her-opposition-to-the-surge-in-iraq-had-been-political.html |url-status=live}}</ref> lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thiessen |first=Marc A. |date=October 8, 2012 |title=Biden's Bin Laden Hypocrisy |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/marc-thiessen-bidens-bin-laden-hypocrisy/2012/10/08/990aca7c-114d-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html |access-date=August 29, 2015 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904124649/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/marc-thiessen-bidens-bin-laden-hypocrisy/2012/10/08/990aca7c-114d-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Andersen Brower |first=Kate |date=June 1, 2018 |title=Hillary Clinton's 'ass-covering' on bin Laden raid 'rattled' Biden |website=] |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/390144-hillary-clintons-ass-covering-on-bin-laden-raid-rattled-biden |access-date=April 29, 2019 |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513134732/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/390144-hillary-clintons-ass-covering-on-bin-laden-raid-rattled-biden |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Obama named Biden to head the ], created to address the causes of ]s and consider possible ] to implement in the aftermath of the ], in December 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Caldwell|first=Leigh Ann|date=December 19, 2012|title=Obama sets up gun violence task force|publisher=]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-sets-up-gun-violence-task-force/|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185454/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-sets-up-gun-violence-task-force/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "]", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the ] being passed at the start of 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2013/jan/01/its-over-house-passes-fiscal-cliff-deal/ |title=It's over: House passes 'fiscal cliff' deal |last=Demirjian |first=Karoun |newspaper=] |date=January 1, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185455/https://lasvegassun.com/news/2013/jan/01/its-over-house-passes-fiscal-cliff-deal/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ap-cliff">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.startribune.com/politics/national/185276422.html |title=Congress' OK of fiscal cliff deal gives Obama a win, prevents GOP blame for tax boosts |last=Fram|first=Alan |agency=] |newspaper=] |location=Minneapolis |date=January 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105020524/https://www.startribune.com/politics/national/185276422.html |archive-date=January 5, 2013}}</ref> It made many of the Bush tax cuts permanent but raised rates on upper income levels.<ref name="ap-cliff" /> | |||
=== Second term (2013–2017) === | |||
{{See also|Second inauguration of Barack Obama}} | |||
Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at ], his official residence, with Justice ] presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-inauguration-biden-idUSBRE90J08B20130120 | title=Vice President Biden sworn into office for second term | last=Rampton|first=Roberta | work=] | date=January 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122062434/https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/20/us-usa-inauguration-biden-idUSBRE90J08B20130120| archive-date=January 22, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the ], which resolved the ] and the ]. This was because Senate majority leader ] and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/anatomy-of-a-shutdown-098518 |title=Anatomy of a shutdown |last1=Bresnahan |first1=John |last2=Manu |first2=Raju |last3=Sherman |first3=Jake |last4=Brown |first4=Carrie Budoff |newspaper=] |date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185529/https://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/anatomy-of-a-shutdown-098518 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/13/biden-mostly-out-of-sight-during-shutdown-showdown/2968373/ |title=Biden mostly out of sight as shutdown drags on |last=Gaudiano |first=Nicole |newspaper=] |date=October 13, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082716/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/13/biden-mostly-out-of-sight-during-shutdown-showdown/2968373/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/biden-takes-back-seat-in-budget-negotiations-during-shutdown | title=Biden takes a back seat during budget negotiations over shutdown | last=Bowman | first=Bridget | work=] | publisher=] | date=October 14, 2013 | access-date=January 24, 2021 | archive-date=January 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082723/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/biden-takes-back-seat-in-budget-negotiations-during-shutdown | url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
], November 2014]] | |||
Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the ], begun in the first term, as well as the ], begun in January 2014 with Biden and ] as co-chairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/sexual_assault_report_1-21-14.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121105625/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/sexual_assault_report_1-21-14.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=January 21, 2017 |title=Rape and sexual assault: A renewed call to action |date=January 2014 |via=] |publisher=] |access-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/22/memorandum-establishing-white-house-task-force-protect-students-sexual-a | title=Memorandum: Establishing White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault | date=January 22, 2014 | access-date=June 10, 2014 | archive-date=January 22, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122115707/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/22/memorandum-establishing-white-house-task-force-protect-students-sexual-a | via=] | publisher=] | url-status=live}}</ref> He talked about sexual violence while introducing ] at the ] in 2016, receiving a ] from the audience.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Stone |first=Natalie |date=February 28, 2016 |title=Oscars: Joe Biden Introduces Lady Gaga for Performance of 'Til It Happens to You' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/lady-gagas-oscars-performance-til-870679/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |archive-date=March 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301042445/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gagas-oscars-performance-til-870679 |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
Biden favored arming ].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Who to Blame If Arming the Syrian Rebels Goes Wrong |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |author-link=Conor Friedersdorf |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/who-to-blame-if-arming-syrian-rebels-goes-wrong/380411/ |magazine=] |date=September 18, 2014 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=May 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512184447/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/who-to-blame-if-arming-syrian-rebels-goes-wrong/380411/ |url-status=live}}</ref> As the ] ] intensified in 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/joe-biden-iraq-107858 | title=Was Joe Biden right? | last=Gerstein | first=Josh | newspaper=] | date=June 13, 2014 | access-date=September 14, 2014 | archive-date=September 27, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927001111/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/joe-biden-iraq-107858 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/62830 |title=Turns Out, Joe Biden Was Right About Dividing Iraq |last=Kitfield |first=James |magazine=] |date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=September 14, 2014 |archive-date=October 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011194233/https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/62830 |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/0903/Joe-Biden-vows-to-chase-Islamic-State-to-gates-of-hell.-Does-he-mean-it |title=Joe Biden vows to chase Islamic State to 'gates of hell'. Does he mean it? |last=Grier |first=Peter |newspaper=] |date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=September 14, 2014 |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185455/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/0903/Joe-Biden-vows-to-chase-Islamic-State-to-gates-of-hell.-Does-he-mean-it |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and was assigned a focus on the region during the administration; he visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Paz|first=Christian|date=October 26, 2020|title=The Biden Doctrine Begins With Latin America|magazine=]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/joe-biden-foreign-policy-latin-america/616841/|access-date=November 15, 2020|issn=1072-7825|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111041523/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/joe-biden-foreign-policy-latin-america/616841/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2016, Biden visited ], where he met with the Serbian Prime Minister, ], and expressed his condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Melander |first1=Ingrid |date=August 16, 2016 |title=Biden offers condolences for Serbs killed in 1999 NATO air strikes |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-balkans-biden-serbia/biden-offers-condolences-for-serbs-killed-in-1999-nato-air-strikes-idUSKCN10R1ZD |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185455/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-balkans-biden-serbia/biden-offers-condolences-for-serbs-killed-in-1999-nato-air-strikes-idUSKCN10R1ZD |archive-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref> | |||
] in ], March 9, 2016|alt=Photo of Biden and Netanyahu giving speeches, with American and Israeli flags in the background]] | |||
Biden never ], making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bycoffe|first=Aaron|date=February 7, 2017|title=Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/|website=]|quote=Twelve vice presidents, including Biden, never broke a tie; Biden was the longest-serving vice president to never do so.|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082937/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==== Role in the 2016 presidential campaign ==== | |||
During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a bid for the ].<ref name="Itkowitz1" /> With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with ]'s favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "] Biden 2016" ] was established.<ref name="Itkowitz1">{{cite news |first=Colby |last=Itkowitz |title=There is a 'Draft Joe Biden' Super PAC Now; It's Even Hiring a Fundraiser |newspaper=] |date=March 23, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/in-the-loop/wp/2015/03/23/job-opening-raise-money-to-draft-joe-biden-to-run-in-2016/ |access-date=August 2, 2015 |archive-date=July 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716011912/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/in-the-loop/wp/2015/03/23/job-opening-raise-money-to-draft-joe-biden-to-run-in-2016/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Maureen |last=Dowd |title=Joe Biden in 2016: What Would Beau Do? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/opinion/sunday/maureen-dowd-joe-biden-in-2016-what-would-beau-do.html |newspaper=] |date=August 1, 2015 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106105547/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/opinion/sunday/maureen-dowd-joe-biden-in-2016-what-would-beau-do.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jeff |last1=Zeleny |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/31/politics/vice-president-joe-biden-presidential-elections/ |title=Joe Biden Keeps Watchful Eye on 2016 Race |publisher=] |date=August 1, 2015 |access-date=August 2, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202185430/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/31/politics/vice-president-joe-biden-presidential-elections/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
By late 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son Beau's recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right{{nbsp}}... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are."<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34216117|title=Joe Biden still undecided on presidential run|work=]|date=September 11, 2015|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083021/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34216117|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 21, speaking from a podium in the ] with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Mason |url=https://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/21/biden-announces-hes-not-running-for-president/21252056/ |title=Biden says he will not seek 2016 Democratic nomination |date=October 21, 2015 |access-date=October 21, 2015 |website=] |archive-date=October 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022211907/https://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/21/biden-announces-hes-not-running-for-president/21252056/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Mollie|last=Reilly|title=Joe Biden Is Not Running For President In 2016|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-president-2016_n_55f1cefbe4b093be51be0d69|work=]|date=October 21, 2015|access-date=October 21, 2015|archive-date=April 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405213056/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-president-2016_n_55f1cefbe4b093be51be0d69|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first1=Colleen|last1=McCain Nelson|first2=Peter|last2=Nicholas|title=Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/joe-biden-decides-not-to-enter-presidential-race-1445444657|newspaper=]|date=October 21, 2015|access-date=October 21, 2015|archive-date=October 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021204730/https://www.wsj.com/articles/joe-biden-decides-not-to-enter-presidential-race-1445444657|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Post-vice presidency (2017–2021) == | |||
] and ], at the latter's ] on January 20, 2017|alt=Photo of Trump speaking to Biden and Obama, with Trump's hand on Obama's shoulder]] | |||
After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became an honorary professor at the ], developing the ]. Biden remained in that position into 2019, before running for president.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2021/10/23/biden-administration-penn/|title=The Biden Administration Keeps Tapping Penn People for Major Roles: D.C.'s gain is Philly's loss|first=Sandy|last=Hingston|magazine=Philadelphia|date=October 23, 2021|accessdate=March 5, 2022|archive-date=March 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305173530/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2021/10/23/biden-administration-penn/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamari |first=Jonathan |date=July 12, 2019 |title=Penn has paid Joe Biden more than $900K since he left the White House. What did he do to earn the money? |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/joe-biden-penn-salary-lectures-20190712.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |magazine=] |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222055817/https://www.inquirer.com/news/joe-biden-penn-salary-lectures-20190712.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In 2017, Biden wrote a memoir, '']'', and went on a book tour.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kane|first=Paul|title=Biden wraps up book tour amid persistent questions about the next chapter|newspaper=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/biden-wraps-up-book-tour-amid-persistent-questions-about-the-next-chapter/2018/06/11/33ebbe8e-6daf-11e8-bf86-a2351b5ece99_story.html|date=June 11, 2018|access-date=November 10, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107171225/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/biden-wraps-up-book-tour-amid-persistent-questions-about-the-next-chapter/2018/06/11/33ebbe8e-6daf-11e8-bf86-a2351b5ece99_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2019, he and his wife reported that they had earned over $15 million since the end of his vice presidency from speaking engagements and book sales.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eder|first1=Steve|last2=Glueck|first2=Katie|date=July 9, 2019|title=Joe Biden's Tax Returns Show More Than $15 Million in Income After 2016|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/politics/joe-biden-net-worth.html|access-date=July 16, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715211457/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/politics/joe-biden-net-worth.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the ].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2017/05/28/biden-backing-phil-murphy-says-nj-governors-race-single-most-important-112380|title=Biden backs Phil Murphy, says N.J. governor's race 'most important' in nation|first=Ryan|last=Hutchins|date=May 28, 2017|magazine=]|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230125059/https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2017/05/28/biden-backing-phil-murphy-says-nj-governors-race-single-most-important-112380|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="foreign-policy2" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/335859-biden-paris-deal-best-way-to-protect-us-leadership|title=Biden: Paris deal 'best way to protect' US leadership|first=Max|last=Greenwood|newspaper=]|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=February 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225090215/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/335859-biden-paris-deal-best-way-to-protect-us-leadership|url-status=live}}</ref> He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Edward-Isaac|last=Dovere|title=VP's LGBT comments raise eyebrows |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/joe-biden-lgbt-workplace-discrimination-executive-order-human-rights-campaign-105018 |magazine=] |date=March 26, 2014 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083142/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/joe-biden-lgbt-workplace-discrimination-executive-order-human-rights-campaign-105018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/joe-biden-to-lgbt-gala-hold-president-trump-accountable/|title=Joe Biden to LGBT gala: 'Hold President Trump accountable'|date=June 21, 2017|first=Steve|last=Peoples|newspaper=]|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090144/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/joe-biden-to-lgbt-gala-hold-president-trump-accountablehttps://|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator ], praising McCain's embrace of American ideals and bipartisan friendships.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Friedman|first=Megan|date=August 30, 2018|title=Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain's Memorial|magazine=]|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a22877209/joe-biden-eulogy-john-mccain-memorial-full-transcript/|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=June 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610041411/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a22877209/joe-biden-eulogy-john-mccain-memorial-full-transcript/|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden continued to support ].<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=March 12, 2017 |title=Joe Biden: The fight against cancer is bipartisan |agency=] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/03/12/technology/sxsw-joe-biden-cancer/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526151625/https://money.cnn.com/2017/03/12/technology/sxsw-joe-biden-cancer/index.html |archive-date=May 26, 2019}}</ref> | |||
==2020 presidential campaign== | |||
{{Main|Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign}} | |||
=== Speculation and announcement === | |||
], May 2019|alt=Photo of Biden raising his fist while while standing behind a lectern]] | |||
Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-201612-htmlstory.html#joe-biden-wouldnt-count-out-a-2020-run-for-president-but-he-was-asked-in-an-emotional-moment|title=Joe Biden wouldn't count out a 2020 run for president. But he was asked in an emotional moment|work=]|access-date=August 27, 2021|date=December 6, 2016|last=A. Memoli|first=Michael|archive-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090152/https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-201612-htmlstory.html#joe-biden-wouldnt-count-out-a-2020-run-for-president-but-he-was-asked-in-an-emotional-moment|url-status=live}}</ref> When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying "never say never".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/07/politics/joe-biden-colbert-interview-2020-buzz/|title=Biden stokes 2020 buzz on Colbert: 'Never say never' |publisher=] |access-date=December 8, 2016|date=December 7, 2016|last=Wright|first=David|archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090156/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/07/politics/joe-biden-colbert-interview-2020-buzzhttps://|url-status=live}}</ref> A ] known as ] was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wvik.org/post/new-quad-city-super-pac-time-biden |title=New Quad City Super PAC: 'Time for Biden' |last=Charnetzki |first=Tori |publisher=] |date=January 10, 2018 |access-date=January 24, 2018 |archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090209/https://www.wvik.org/post/new-quad-city-super-pac-time-biden/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He finally launched his campaign on April 25, 2019,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scherer |first1=Michael |last2=Wagner |first2=John |date=April 25, 2019 |title=Former vice president Joe Biden jumps into White House race |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/former-vice-president-joe-biden-jumps-into-white-house-race/2019/04/25/093ff596-0aef-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526072655/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/former-vice-president-joe-biden-jumps-into-white-house-race/2019/04/25/093ff596-0aef-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html |archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref> saying he was prompted to run because he was worried by the ] and felt a "sense of duty".<ref>{{cite news |last=Dovere |first=Edward-Isaac |date=February 4, 2019 |title=Biden's Anguished Search for a Path to Victory |work=] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/02/joe-biden-close-running-president-despite-doubts/581956/|url-status=live|access-date=February 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090215/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/02/joe-biden-close-running-president-despite-doubts/581956https:// |archive-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> | |||
=== Campaign === | |||
{{Further|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 United States presidential debates}} | |||
As the 2020 campaign season heated up, voluminous public polling showed Biden as one of the best-performing Democratic candidates in a head-to-head matchup against President Trump.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Ashley Pratte |last=Oates |title=Opinion |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/joe-biden-democrats-best-chance-beat-trump-2020-no-other-ncna961836 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |publisher=] |date=January 24, 2019 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003526/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/joe-biden-democrats-best-chance-beat-trump-2020-no-other-ncna961836 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2019 |title=Every 2020 Democrat Wants To Be The Electable Candidate |first1=Kevin |last1=Robillard |first2=Amanda |last2=Terkel |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/electability-2020_n_5cb73acbe4b0c53a1705763f |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=HuffPost |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003526/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/electability-2020_n_5cb73acbe4b0c53a1705763f |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pramuk |first=Jacob |title=Here's how Biden, Sanders, Warren and other top Democrats are faring against Trump in national polls |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/05/how-biden-warren-and-sanders-fare-vs-trump-in-2020-election-polls.html |access-date=May 14, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |date=November 5, 2019 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003522/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/05/how-biden-warren-and-sanders-fare-vs-trump-in-2020-election-polls.html |url-status=live}}</ref> With Democrats keenly focused on "electability" for defeating Trump,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barabak |first=Mark Z. |date=January 31, 2020 |title=Desperate to beat Trump, Democrats differ over who is best |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-01-31/democrats-electability-2020-iowa-caucus |access-date=May 14, 2023 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003532/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-01-31/democrats-electability-2020-iowa-caucus |url-status=live}}</ref> this boosted his popularity among Democratic voters.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Scocca |first=Tom |date=April 12, 2020 |title=Biden's Electability Only Works if There Is an Election |magazine=] |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/04/biden-won-without-votes.html |access-date=May 14, 2023 |issn=1091-2339 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003526/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/04/biden-won-without-votes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It also made Biden a frequent target of Trump.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Mike |date=July 25, 2018 |title=Scoop: Trump fears Biden 2020, losing Pennsylvania |url=https://www.axios.com/2018/07/25/scoop-trump-fears-biden-losing-pennsylvania-1532514558 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=Axios |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003522/https://www.axios.com/2018/07/25/scoop-trump-fears-biden-losing-pennsylvania-1532514558 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Adam |last=Edelman |title=Trump says Biden would go down "fast" and "crying" in a fight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-attacks-crazy-biden-tweet-physically-mentally-weak-n858981 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |publisher=] |date=March 22, 2018 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003522/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-attacks-crazy-biden-tweet-physically-mentally-weak-n858981 |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president ] to investigate ] by Biden and his son ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/world/europe/ukraine-trump-zelensky.html |title=Ukraine Pressured on U.S. Political Investigations |last=Kramer |first=Andrew E. |date=September 20, 2019 |newspaper=] |access-date=September 20, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920171010/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/world/europe/ukraine-trump-zelensky.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the allegations, no evidence was produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.<ref>{{cite news |last=Isachenkov |first=Vladimir |title=Ukraine's prosecutor says there is no probe into Biden |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ukraines-prosecutor-says-there-is-no-probe-into-biden |access-date=October 1, 2019 |agency=] |date=September 27, 2019 |quote=Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son. |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001005328/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ukraines-prosecutor-says-there-is-no-probe-into-biden |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=White House 'tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49842895 |access-date=October 1, 2019 |work=] |date=September 26, 2019 |quote=There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens. |archive-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930105132/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49842895 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Matthew |last1=Brown |date=January 15, 2021|accessdate=July 7, 2021|title=Fact check: False conspiracy theories allege connection between Biden victory and Ukraine |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/01/15/fact-check-conspiracy-theories-falsely-link-bidens-victory-ukraine/4149335001/|newspaper=]|archive-date=June 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608213107/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/01/15/fact-check-conspiracy-theories-falsely-link-bidens-victory-ukraine/4149335001/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Trump's pressure to investigate the Bidens was perceived by many as an attempt to hurt Biden's chances of winning the presidency.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mackinnon |first=Amy |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Is Trump Trying to Get Ukraine to Take Out Biden for Him? |magazine=] |publisher=] |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/20/is-trump-trying-to-get-ukraine-to-take-out-biden-for-him/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920210034/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/20/is-trump-trying-to-get-ukraine-to-take-out-biden-for-him/ |archive-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> Trump's alleged actions against Biden resulted in ]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-defends-conversation-with-ukraine-leader-11568993176 |date=September 21, 2019 |title=Trump Repeatedly Pressed Ukraine President to Investigate Biden's Son |first1=Alan |last1=Cullison |first2=Rebecca |last2=Ballhaus |first3=Dustin |last3=Volz |newspaper=] |access-date=September 20, 2019 |archive-date=September 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923092317/https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-defends-conversation-with-ukraine-leader-11568993176 |url-status=live}}</ref> and ] by the House of Representatives for abuse of power and obstruction of congress.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2021 |title=This is why Donald Trump was impeached the first time – previous charges against former US president explained |first=Matt |last=Brooks |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/world/why-was-donald-trump-impeached-the-first-time-previous-charges-against-the-former-us-president-explained-3100617 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |newspaper=] |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514003522/https://www.scotsman.com/news/world/why-was-donald-trump-impeached-the-first-time-previous-charges-against-the-former-us-president-explained-3100617 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In March 2019 and April 2019, eight women accused Biden of previous instances of inappropriate physical contact, such as embracing, touching or kissing.<ref>{{cite web|title=All the Women Who Have Spoken Out Against Joe Biden|url=https://www.thecut.com/2020/04/joe-biden-accuser-accusations-allegations.html|work=]|access-date=May 19, 2021|date=April 12, 2020|archive-date=December 17, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201217214742/https://www.thecut.com/2020/04/joe-biden-accuser-accusations-allegations.html|url-status=live|first1=Amanda|last1=Arnold|first2=Claire|last2=Lampen}}</ref> Biden had previously called himself a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior had caused trouble for him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-joe-biden-kiss-lucy-flores-20190329-story.html |title=Nevada Democrat accuses Joe Biden of touching and kissing her without consent at 2014 event |access-date=December 30, 2019 |last=Brice-Saddler |first=Michael |date=March 29, 2019 |website=] |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090227/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-joe-biden-kiss-lucy-flores-20190329-story.html/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Journalist ] described Biden's lifelong habit of talking close, writing that he "doesn't just meet you, he engulfs you... scooting closer" and leaning forward to talk.<ref name="The Atlantic">{{Cite magazine |last=Bowden |first=Mark |date=August 30, 2010 |title=The Salesman |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/10/the-salesman/308226/ |access-date=March 27, 2023 |magazine=] |archive-date=November 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123045827/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/10/the-salesman/308226/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2019, Biden pledged to be more "respectful of people's personal space".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ember|first1=Sydney|last2=Martin|first2=Jonathan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/03/us/politics/joe-biden-women-video.html|title=Joe Biden, in video, says he will be 'more mindful' of personal space|date=April 3, 2019|newspaper=]|access-date=March 28, 2020|archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090251/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/03/us/politics/joe-biden-women-video.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/nbc-wsj-poll-former-vice-president-joe-biden-frontrunner-in/article_24e6b0ee-2256-11ea-9a8d-e79be1ad7f68.html |title=NBC/WSJ poll: Former Vice-President Joe Biden frontrunner in race for Democratic nomination |date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=February 10, 2020 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213155327/https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/nbc-wsj-poll-former-vice-president-joe-biden-frontrunner-in/article_24e6b0ee-2256-11ea-9a8d-e79be1ad7f68.html |publisher=] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-is-the-front-runner-but-there-is-no-clear-favorite/|title=Biden Is The Front-Runner, But There's No Clear Favorite |last=Silver |first=Nate |author-link=Nate Silver |date=January 10, 2020 |work=] |access-date=February 10, 2020 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214220639/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-is-the-front-runner-but-there-is-no-clear-favorite/|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, he finished fourth in the ], and eight days later, fifth in the ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=2020 Iowa Democratic Caucuses Live Results |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/election-results/iowa/ |date=February 3, 2020 |newspaper=] |access-date=March 22, 2020 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207234356/https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/election-results/iowa/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=February 11, 2020 |title=New Hampshire results |publisher=] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-primary-elections/new-hampshire-results |access-date=February 12, 2020 |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212082135/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-primary-elections/new-hampshire-results |url-status=live}}</ref> He performed better in the ], reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still finished 21.6 percentage points behind ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nevada Election Results 2020|url=https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/nevada/|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=]|archive-date=November 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115105350/https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/nevada/|url-status=live}}</ref> Making strong appeals to Black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the ] by more than 28 points.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/b9872b58b495fd17044f359338ab3f2a|title=Biden wins South Carolina, aims for Super Tuesday momentum |date=February 29, 2020 |work=] |access-date=March 1, 2020 |first1=Steve |last1=Peoples |first2=Meg |last2=Kinnard |first3=Bill |last3=Barrow |archive-date=February 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229231101/https://apnews.com/b9872b58b495fd17044f359338ab3f2a |url-status=live}}</ref> After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates ] and ], he made large gains in the March{{nbsp}}3 ] primary elections. Biden won ], putting him in the lead overall.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montanaro |first1=Domenico |date=March 4, 2020 |access-date=November 14, 2020 |title=5 Takeaways From Super Tuesday And Joe Biden's Big Night |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/04/811868704/5-takeaways-from-super-tuesday-and-joe-bidens-big-night |publisher=] |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205101/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/04/811868704/5-takeaways-from-super-tuesday-and-joe-bidens-big-night |url-status=live}}</ref> Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states on March 10.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/politics/2020-primary-election-takeaways/index.html |title=5 takeaways as Biden takes command of Democratic race on Super Tuesday II |publisher=] |access-date=March 11, 2020 |date=March 11, 2020 |first1=Eric |last1=Bradner |first2=Gregory |last2=Krieg |first3=Dan |last3=Merica |archive-date=March 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311093752/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/politics/2020-primary-election-takeaways/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In late March 2020, Tara Reade, one of the eight women who in 2019 had accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, ] Biden of having sexually assaulted her in 1993.<ref name="nytimesallegations">{{cite news |last1=Lerer |first1=Lisa |last2=Ember |first2=Sydney |title=Examining Tara Reade's Sexual Assault Allegation Against Joe Biden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/us/politics/joe-biden-tara-reade-sexual-assault-complaint.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412090835/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/us/politics/joe-biden-tara-reade-sexual-assault-complaint.html |archive-date=April 12, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=April 14, 2020 |newspaper=] |date=April 12, 2020}}</ref> There were inconsistencies between Reade's 2019 and 2020 allegations.<ref name="nytimesallegations" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=McGann |first1=Laura |title=The Agonizing Story of Tara Reade |url=https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/2020/5/7/21248713/tara-reade-joe-biden-sexual-assault-accusation |access-date=May 19, 2021 |work=] |date=May 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507224441/https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/2020/5/7/21248713/tara-reade-joe-biden-sexual-assault-accusation |archive-date=May 7, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden and his campaign denied the sexual assault allegation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sexual-assault-allegation-by-former-biden-senate-aide-emerges-in-campaign-draws-denial/2020/04/12/bc070d66-7067-11ea-b148-e4ce3fbd85b5_story.html|title=Sexual assault allegation by former Biden Senate aide emerges in campaign, draws denial |date=April 12, 2020|access-date=April 14, 2020|newspaper=] |first1=Beth |last1=Reinhard |first2=Elise |last2=Viebeck |first3=Matt |last3=Viser |first4=Alice |last4=Crites |archive-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200428141345/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sexual-assault-allegation-by-former-biden-senate-aide-emerges-in-campaign-draws-denial/2020/04/12/bc070d66-7067-11ea-b148-e4ce3fbd85b5_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Phillips |first=Amber |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/30/who-is-tara-reade-biden-accuser/ |title=What we know about Tara Reade's sexual assault allegation against Joe Biden|newspaper=]|date=June 1, 2020 |access-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-date=June 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618153105/https://www.washingtonpost.comhttps://politics/2020/04/30/who-is-tara-reade-biden-accuser/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's ] for president.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ember|first=Sydney|date=April 8, 2020|title=Bernie Sanders Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/us/politics/bernie-sanders-drops-out.html |access-date=April 8, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408160232/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/us/politics/bernie-sanders-drops-out.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/us/politics/bernie-sanders-joe-biden-endorsement.html|title=Bernie Sanders Endorses Joe Biden for President|last1=Ember|first1=Sydney|last2=Glueck|first2=Katie|date=April 13, 2020|work=]|access-date=April 13, 2020|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413182004/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/us/politics/bernie-sanders-joe-biden-endorsement.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Former president ] endorsed Biden the next day.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |last2=Zeleny |first2=Jeff |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/14/politics/obama-endorses-biden/index.html |title=Obama endorses Biden for president in video message |date=April 14, 2020 |publisher=CNN |access-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414183659/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/14/politics/obama-endorses-biden/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 11, Biden announced U.S. senator ] of California as his running mate, making her the first African American and first ] vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-53739323 |title=Biden VP pick: Kamala Harris chosen as running mate |website=] |date=August 12, 2020 |access-date=August 26, 2021 |archive-date=October 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010223842/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-53739323 |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the ] as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=DNC Nominates Joe Biden to Lead Nation Through Pandemic |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-to-nominate-joe-biden-bill-clinton-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-to-speak-11597777946 |work=] |date=August 18, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |first1=Joshua |last1=Jamerson |first2=Chad |last2=Day |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818221830/https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-to-nominate-joe-biden-bill-clinton-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-to-speak-11597777946 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Joe Biden officially becomes the Democratic Party's nominee on convention's second night |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2020/08/18/democratic-national-convention-live-updates/ |newspaper=] |date=August 19, 2020 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |first1=Toluse |last1=Olorunnipa |first2=Chelsea |last2=Janes |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez |first4=Colby |last4=Itkowitz |first5=John |last5=Wagner |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117190515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2020/08/18/democratic-national-convention-live-updates/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
=== Presidential transition === | |||
{{Main|Presidential transition of Joe Biden}} | |||
] | |||
Biden was ] the 46th president of the United States in November 2020. He defeated the incumbent, ], becoming the first candidate to defeat a sitting president since Bill Clinton defeated ] in ]. Trump refused to concede, insisting the election had been "stolen" from him through "voter fraud", challenging the results in court and promoting numerous ] about the voting and vote-counting processes, in an attempt to ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/09/bidens-transition-continues-trump-refuses-concede-timeline/3801714001/ |title=Timeline: Trump insists he won the election as Biden prepares to take the White House |last=Santucci |first=Jeanine |date=December 9, 2020 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204403/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/09/bidens-transition-continues-trump-refuses-concede-timeline/3801714001/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden's transition was delayed by several weeks as the White House ordered federal agencies not to cooperate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rein |first1=Lisa |last2=Viser |first2=Matt |last3=Miller |first3=Greg |last4=Dawsey |first4=Josh |date=November 9, 2020 |title=White House, escalating tensions, orders agencies to rebuff Biden transition team |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-transition-agencies-biden/2020/11/09/ad9f2ba2-22b7-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html |access-date=January 4, 2023 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=November 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114063503/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-transition-agencies-biden/2020/11/09/ad9f2ba2-22b7-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On November{{nbsp}}23, ] ] formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||publisher=]|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|title=First on CNN: GSA tells Biden that transition can formally begin|first1=Kristen|last1=Holmes|first2=Jeremy|last2=Herb|date=November 23, 2020|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=November 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123232709/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/transition-biden-gsa-begin/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On January 6, 2021, during Congress's electoral vote count, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the ] to march to the Capitol and refused to concede the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-01-13/transcript-of-trumps-speech-at-rally-before-us-capitol-riot |title=Transcript of Trump's Speech at Rally Before US Capitol Riot |website=] |date=January 13, 2021|access-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209013727/https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-01-13/transcript-of-trumps-speech-at-rally-before-us-capitol-riot|url-status=live}}</ref> Soon after, some of his supporters ]. During the attack, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events "an unprecedented assault unlike anything we've seen in modern times".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://people.com/politics/biden-speaks-capitol-riots/|title=Joe Biden Calls on Donald Trump to 'Step Up' amid Chaos Led by 'Extremists' at Capitol |magazine=] |first=Lindsay |last=Kimble |date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126224534/https://people.com/politics/biden-speaks-capitol-riots/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Will |last1=Weissert |first2=Darlene |last2=Superville |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-us-capitol-c68378d16055c53e3942da66e968ea6b |title=Biden urges restoring decency after 'assault' on democracy |work=] |date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129142525/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-us-capitol-c68378d16055c53e3942da66e968ea6b |url-status=live}}</ref> After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session and officially ] with Vice President ], in his capacity as President of the Senate, declaring Biden and Harris the winners.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/ |last1=King |first1=Ledyard |last2=Groppe |first2=Maureen |last3=Wu |first3=Nicholas |last4=Jansen |first4=Bart |last5=Subramanian |first5=Courtney |last6=Garrison |first6=Joey |title=Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol |website=] |access-date=January 7, 2021 |date=January 6, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107100543/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/}}</ref> | |||
== Presidency (2021–present<!--2025-->) == | |||
{{Main|Presidency of Joe Biden}} | |||
{{For timeline|Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency}} | |||
=== Inauguration === | |||
{{Main|Inauguration of Joe Biden}} | |||
] administered by ] ] at ], January 20, 2021.|alt=Photo of Biden raising his right hand, with his left hand placed on a thick Bible]] | |||
Biden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021.<ref name="hunnicutt">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-inauguration/assuming-u-s-presidency-biden-tells-divided-nation-democracy-has-prevailed-idUSKBN29P0HG|title=Taking helm of divided nation, U.S. President Biden calls for end to 'uncivil war'|date=January 20, 2021|last1=Hunnicutt|first1=Trevor|last2=Zengerle|first2=Patricia|last3=Renshaw|first3=Jarrett|work=]|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120171341/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-inauguration/assuming-u-s-presidency-biden-tells-divided-nation-democracy-has-prevailed-idUSKBN29P0HG|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Biden Inaugurated as the 46th President Amid a Cascade of Crises |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-president.html |access-date=May 11, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120165158/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-president.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At 78, he was the oldest person to have assumed the office.<ref name="hunnicutt" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zak |first=Dan |date=January 12, 2021 |title=Joe Biden, 78, will lead an American gerontocracy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/joe-biden-age-oldest-president/2021/01/12/91353560-49fe-11eb-839a-cf4ba7b7c48c_story.html |access-date=May 11, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202203055/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/joe-biden-age-oldest-president/2021/01/12/91353560-49fe-11eb-839a-cf4ba7b7c48c_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the second ] president (after ])<ref>{{cite news|date=January 19, 2021|title=Biden to become the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after JFK|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/biden-to-become-the-second-catholic-president-in-u-s-history-after-jfk-99673157918|access-date=January 20, 2021|publisher=]|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119212606/https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/biden-to-become-the-second-catholic-president-in-u-s-history-after-jfk-99673157918|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandstrom |first=Aleksandra |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Biden is only the second Catholic president, but nearly all have been Christians |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/01/20/biden-only-second-catholic-president-but-nearly-all-have-been-christians-2/ |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> and the first president whose home state is ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cormier|first1=Ryan|last2=Talorico|first2=Patricia|date=November 7, 2020|title=Delaware history is made: The First State gets its first president in Joe Biden|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/07/one-us-delaware-pride-soars-biden-makes-history/6121243002/|access-date=January 20, 2021|newspaper=]|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108021346/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/07/one-us-delaware-pride-soars-biden-makes-history/6121243002/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is also the first man since ] to have been both vice president and president, and the second non-incumbent vice president (after ] in ]) to be elected president.<ref>{{cite web|last=Azari|first=Julia|date=August 20, 2020|title=Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. But Most VPs Have To.|website=]|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-had-to-fight-for-the-presidential-nomination-but-most-vps-have-to/|url-status=live|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117190453/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/biden-had-to-fight-for-the-presidential-nomination-but-most-vps-have-to/|archive-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref> He is also the first president from the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b66a24e4-5eea-11ea-b0ab-339c2307bcd4|date=March 6, 2020|access-date=August 26, 2021|title=At long last, the silent generation's hour has come|newspaper=]|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126034429/https://www.ft.com/content/b66a24e4-5eea-11ea-b0ab-339c2307bcd4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 23, 2021 |title=At 78 and the oldest president, Biden sees a world changed |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-inauguration-joe-biden-race-and-ethnicity-ronald-reagan-pennsylvania-48d1659d4469999be87fbd87d560a52c |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
Biden's inauguration was "a muted affair unlike any previous inauguration" due to COVID-19 precautions as well as massively increased security measures because of the ]. Trump did not attend, becoming the first outgoing president since ] to not attend his successor's inauguration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/why-joe-biden-swearing-in-will-be-muted-affair-unlike-previous-inaugurations-2353966|title=Masked Crowd, No Trump: Why Biden Inauguration Will Be Like No Other|date=January 18, 2021|agency=]|publisher=]|access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref> | |||
=== First 100 days === | |||
{{See also|First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency}} | |||
In his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the ], ending the state of national emergency at the ], directing the government to rejoin the ], ] on ], measures to combat ],<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ricardo |last1=Alonso-Zaldivar |first2=Ellen |last2=Knickmeyer |first3=Ben |last3=Fox |first4=Elliot |last4=Spagat |first5=Matt |last5=Lee |first6=Josh |last6=Boak |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Biden's first act: Orders on pandemic, climate, immigration |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-executive-orders-b5b409da08e42414b9a12e2c67ee2df6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120230130/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-executive-orders-b5b409da08e42414b9a12e2c67ee2df6 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Erikson |first=Bo |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Biden signs executive actions on COVID, climate change, immigration and more |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-executive-orders-watch-live-stream-today-2021-01-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120233631/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-executive-orders-watch-live-stream-today-2021-01-20/ |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Joe Biden is taking executive action at a record pace |newspaper=] |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/01/22/joe-biden-is-taking-executive-action-at-a-record-pace |url-status=live |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124002448/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/01/22/joe-biden-is-taking-executive-action-at-a-record-pace |archive-date=January 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cassella |first=Megan |date=January 22, 2021 |title=Biden signs executive orders aimed at combating hunger, protecting workers |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/22/biden-executive-orders-hunger-workers-461270 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122112210/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/22/biden-executive-orders-hunger-workers-461270 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2021 |newspaper=]}}</ref> and revoking permits for the construction of the ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Allassan|first1=Fadel|first2=Ursula|last2=Perano|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden will issue executive order to rescind Keystone XL pipeline permit|url=https://www.axios.com/biden-keystone-pipeline-9ffcedfb-42c1-4778-8183-27d858f0c966.html|website=]|access-date=January 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Massie|first=Graeme|date=January 23, 2021|title=Canada's Trudeau 'disappointed' with Biden order to cancel Keystone pipeline|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trudeau-biden-keystone-xl-pipeline-b1791756.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220609/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trudeau-biden-keystone-xl-pipeline-b1791756.html|archive-date=June 9, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=]|access-date=January 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Nickel|first1=Rod|last2=Volcovici|first2=Valerie|date=January 21, 2021|title=TC Energy cuts jobs as Keystone pipeline nixed, but markets start to move on|work=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-keystone-idUSKBN29Q1T8|access-date=January 24, 2021}}</ref> | |||
], July 2021|alt=Group photo of Biden, Harris and cabinet members standing outdoors]] | |||
On March 11, the first anniversary of COVID-19 having been declared a global pandemic by the ], Biden signed into law the ], a $1.9 trillion ] and relief package that he had proposed to support the United States' recovery from the ] and health effects of the ].<ref>{{cite web |date=March 11, 2021 |title=H.R.1319 – American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313014919/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319 |archive-date=March 13, 2021 |access-date=August 27, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref> The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the ]. Biden's initial proposal included an increase of the ] to $15 per hour, but after the ] determined that including the increase in a ] bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats declined to pursue overruling her and removed the increase from the package.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luhby |first1=Tami |last2=Lobosco |first2=Katie |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Here's what's in Biden's $1.9 trillion economic rescue package |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/14/politics/biden-economic-rescue-package-coronavirus-stimulus/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218023132/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/14/politics/biden-economic-rescue-package-coronavirus-stimulus/index.html |archive-date=February 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tankersley |first1=Jim |last2=Crowley |first2=Michael |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Here are the highlights of Biden's $1.9 trillion 'American Rescue Plan.' |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/us/biden-american-rescue-plan.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/us/biden-american-rescue-plan.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaplan |first1=Thomas |date=March 7, 2021 |title=What's in the Stimulus Bill? A Guide to Where the $1.9 Trillion Is Going |website=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/07/us/politics/whats-in-the-stimulus-bill.html |url-access=limited |access-date=March 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/07/us/politics/whats-in-the-stimulus-bill.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
Also in March, amid ], Biden told migrants, "Don't come over." In the meantime, migrant adults "are being sent back", Biden said, in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration's Title 42 policy for quick deportations.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 17, 2021 |title=Biden administration faces pressure on immigration amid influx |publisher=] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/17/biden-administration-faces-pressure-on-immigration-amid-surge |url-status=live |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319221757/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/17/biden-administration-faces-pressure-on-immigration-amid-surge |archive-date=March 19, 2021}}</ref> Biden earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them (before they were sent to sponsors), leading the Biden administration in March to direct the ] to help.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Miroff |first1=Nick |date=March 13, 2021|title=Biden will deploy FEMA to care for teenagers and children crossing border in record numbers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fema-border-unaccompanied-minors/2021/03/13/738366a4-8455-11eb-bb5a-ad9a91faa4ef_story.html |newspaper=] |access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref> | |||
On April 14, Biden announced that the United States ] from the ] until September 11, signaling an end to the country's direct military involvement in Afghanistan after nearly 20 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=Shear |first2=Michael D. |date=April 14, 2021 |title=Biden, Setting Afghanistan Withdrawal, Says 'It Is Time to End the Forever War' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/us/politics/biden-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/us/politics/biden-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal.html|archive-date=December 28, 2021|url-access=limited |work=]|issn=0362-4331|access-date=April 23, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In February 2020, the Trump administration had ] with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.<ref name="images">{{cite news |last1=E. Sanger |first1=David |date=August 15, 2021 |title=For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210816031133/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |archive-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> Biden's decision met with a wide range of reactions, from support and relief to trepidation at the possible collapse of the Afghan government without American support.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wadington |first=Katie |date=April 14, 2021 |title=Afghanistan withdrawal draws strong Capitol Hill reactions, making some strange alliances |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/04/14/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-plan-draws-strong-reaction-capitol-hill/7220926002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422144959/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/04/14/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-plan-draws-strong-reaction-capitol-hill/7220926002/ |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=]}}</ref> On April 22–23, Biden held an ] at which he announced that the U.S. would cut its ] by 50%–52% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Other countries also increased their pledges.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New momentum reduces emissions gap, but huge gap remains – analysis |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/press/new-momentum-reduces-emissions-gap-but-huge-gap-remains-analysis/ |work=Carbon Action Tracker |publisher=climateactiontracker.org |date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426182048/https://climateactiontracker.org/press/new-momentum-reduces-emissions-gap-but-huge-gap-remains-analysis/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Newburger |first1=Emma |date=April 22, 2021 |title=Here's what countries pledged on climate change at Biden's global summit |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/biden-climate-summit-2021-what-brazil-japan-canada-others-pledged.html |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429043848/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/biden-climate-summit-2021-what-brazil-japan-canada-others-pledged.html |archive-date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> On April 28, the eve of his 100th day in office, Biden delivered his ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lemire |first1=Jonathan |last2=Boak |first2=Josh |date=April 28, 2021 |title=Biden to the nation and world: 'America is rising anew' |url=https://www.startribune.com/biden-to-the-nation-and-world-america-is-rising-anew/600051057/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429023533/https://www.startribune.com/biden-to-the-nation-and-world-america-is-rising-anew/600051057/ |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |access-date=April 28, 2021 |website=]}}</ref> | |||
=== Domestic policy === | |||
On June 17, Biden signed the ], which officially declared ] a ].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Most Federal Employees Will Receive Friday Off for Juneteenth |url=https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618055747/https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |website=]}}</ref> Juneteenth is the first new federal holiday since 1983.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-juneteenth-holiday-bill-sign/ |title=Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |last2=Quinn |first2=Melissa |date=June 18, 2021 |publisher=] |access-date=June 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-juneteenth-federal-holiday-9bb62a3448376e05d87ac79cf27970d2 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |first=Kevin |last=Freking}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kate |last2=Vazquez |first2=Maegan |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Biden signs bill into law making Juneteenth a national holiday |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/17/politics/biden-juneteenth-bill-signing/index.html |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> In July 2021, amid a slowing of ] and the spread of the ], Biden said that the country has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Alexandra |last2=Madhani |first2=Aamer |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Biden says getting COVID-19 vaccine 'gigantically important' |work=] |agency=] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-07-22/biden-says-getting-vaccinated-gigantically-important |url-status=live |access-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826071814/https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-07-22/biden-says-getting-vaccinated-gigantically-important |archive-date=August 26, 2021}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, Biden endorsed a change to the ] to allow for the passing of the ] and ], on both of which the Senate had failed to invoke ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |date=January 11, 2022 |title='Let the majority prevail': Biden backs filibuster change to pass voting rights in Atlanta speech |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/ |url-status=live |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114062405/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/ |archive-date=January 14, 2022}}</ref> The rules change failed when two Democratic senators, ] and ], joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |last2=Zaslav |first2=Ali |last3=Barrett |first3=Ted |date=January 19, 2022 |title=Senate Democrats suffer defeat on voting rights after vote to change rules fails |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409161903/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html |archive-date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, Biden signed into law the bipartisan ] to revamp the finances and operations of the ] agency.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fossum |first1=Sam |last2=Vasquez |first2=Maegan |date=April 6, 2022 |title=Biden signs US Postal Service reform bill into law |publisher=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/06/politics/biden-postal-service-reform-law-signing/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> | |||
In the summer of 2022, several other pieces of legislation Biden supported passed Congress. The ] aimed to address gun reform issues following the ] in ].<ref>{{cite news |date=June 23, 2022 |title=Statement of Administration Policy |agency=White House |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Bipartisan-Safer-Communities-Act-SAP-1.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> The act's gun control provisions include extended ]s for gun purchasers under 21, clarification of ] requirements, funding for state ]s and other ] programs, further criminalization of ] and ]s, and partial closure of the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Section-By-Section |work=] |url=https://www.politico.com/https:/static.politico.com/5a/aa/dd11b34e4b9fa05d8abdb2b6246d/bipartisan-safer-communities-act-section-by-section.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=DeBonis |first1=Mike |last2=Caldwell |first2=Leigh Ann |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Senate votes to advance bipartisan gun deal, breaking 30-year logjam |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/06/21/senate-gun-deal/ |access-date=June 22, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |last2=Wilson |first2=Kristin |last3=Grayer |first3=Annie |date=June 25, 2022 |title=Biden will sign first major federal gun safety legislation in decades on Saturday, White House says |publisher=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/24/politics/house-vote-bipartisan-safer-communities-act/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> Biden signed the bill on June 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weissert |first=Will |date=June 25, 2022 |title=Biden signs landmark gun measure, says 'lives will be saved' |work=] |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-signs-gun-violence-bill-c21249287f976c2c164d8753205c2e6d |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> | |||
The ] was introduced in 2021 and signed into law by Biden on August 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |last2=Egan |first2=Lauren |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Biden signs bill to expand benefits for veterans exposed to toxic burn pits |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/10/biden-signs-bill-to-expand-benefits-for-veterans-exposed-to-toxic-burn-pits.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> The act intends to significantly improve healthcare access and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances, including ], during military service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dean |first1=Jessica |last2=Zaslav |first2=Ali |date=August 3, 2022 |title=Senate passes long-sought bill to help veterans affected by burn pits |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/02/politics/senate-vote-burn-pits/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, Biden signed the ], which repealed the ] and requires the federal government to recognize the validity of ] and ] marriages.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=December 13, 2022 |title=Biden Signs Bill to Protect Same-Sex Marriage Rights |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/us/politics/biden-same-sex-marriage-bill.html |access-date=December 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
In June 2024, Biden issued an executive action offering amnesty to unauthorized immigrants married to American citizens. The program included a pathway to U.S. residency and citizenship and was expected to initially affect about 500,000 people. It was later struck down due to a lack of legislation empowering the president to enact the program.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 19, 2024 |title=Biden immigration program offers legal status to 500,000 spouses of U.S. citizens. Here's how it works. |publisher=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-immigration-program-offers-legal-status-immigrant-spouses-of-u-s-citizens/ |first=Camilo |last=Montoya-Galvez}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2024 |title=Judge rejects Biden plan for undocumented spouses |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5287xy71do}}</ref> | |||
==== Economy ==== | |||
{{Main|Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration}} | |||
] | |||
Biden entered office nine months into a recovery from the ] and his first year in office was characterized by robust growth in real GDP, employment, wages, and stock market returns, amid ]. Real GDP grew 5.9%, the fastest rate in 37 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mutikani |first1=Lucia |date=September 29, 2022 |title=U.S. economic growth revised up; gap between GDP and GDI narrows sharply |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-economic-growth-revised-up-gap-between-gdp-gdi-narrows-sharply-2022-09-29/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tappe |first1=Anneken |date=January 27, 2022 |title=The US economy grew at the fastest rate in 2021 since the Reagan administration |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/27/economy/us-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127201057/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/27/economy/us-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp/index.html |archive-date=January 27, 2022}}</ref> Amid record job creation, the unemployment rate fell at the fastest pace on record during the year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mutikani |first1=Lucia |date=January 7, 2022 |title=U.S. labor market eyes maximum employment despite underwhelming December payrolls |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121221243/https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/ |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pickert |first1=Reade |date=January 7, 2022 |title=U.S. Sees Record Job Growth in 2021 After Millions Lost in 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020 |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129065310/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020 |archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PAYEMS|title=All Employees, Total Nonfarm|publisher=fred.stlouisfed.org|access-date=July 29, 2022}}</ref> By the end of 2021, inflation reached a nearly 40-year high of 7.1%, which was partially offset by the highest nominal wage and salary growth in at least 20 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Gabriel T. |date=January 28, 2022 |title=U.S. Wages, Benefits Rose at Two-Decade High as Inflation Picked Up |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612 |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130032502/https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612 |archive-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Smialek |first1=Jeanna |last2=Casselman |first2=Ben |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Inflation Continued to Run Hot and Consumer Spending Fell in December |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128134006/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html |archive-date=January 28, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Iacurci |first1=Greg |date=January 31, 2022 |title=Wage growth may be slowing from 'breakneck' pace |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203205842/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html |archive-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Graffeo |first1=Emily |last2=Wang |first2=Lu |date=November 3, 2021 |title=S&P 500 Is Up 37% Since Biden's Election One Year Ago, Setting Presidential Record |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106213451/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election |archive-date=November 6, 2021}}</ref> In his third month in office, Biden signed an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors to $15 per hour, an increase of nearly 37%. The order went into effect for 390,000 workers in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden raising minimum wage for federal contractors to $15/hr |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-minimum-wage-federal-contractors-15hr-2021-04-27/ |work=] |date=April 27, 2021|author1=Nandita Bose|author2=Jarrett Renshaw}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Juliana |last=Kaplan |access-date=August 14, 2023 |title=Nearly 400,000 federal contractors will get paid $15 an hour starting this weekend. Biden's labor secretary says there's 'no question' it'll cut down on labor shortages. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/federal-contractors-15-hour-minimum-wage-could-end-labor-shortges-2022-1 |work=Business Insider |date=January 28, 2022}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
Amid a surge in ] and ], Biden's approval ratings declined, with his disapproval rating surpassing his approval rating in early 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Mattingly |first2=Phil |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Biden is aiming to hit the road to reset his presidency. He starts with yet another stop in Pennsylvania. |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204225558/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html |archive-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=President Biden Job Approval |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president-biden-job-approval-7320.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133936/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president-biden-job-approval-7320.html |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Daniel |first=Will |date=July 18, 2022 |title=Inflation drives President Biden's economic approval rating to a record low |url=https://fortune.com/2022/07/18/inflation-president-biden-approval-rating-lower-donald-trump/ |access-date=September 13, 2022 |magazine=Fortune}}</ref> After 5.9% growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer spending remained strong through the year, as the unemployment rate fell to match a 53-year low of 3.5% in December. Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June before easing to 3.2% by October 2023. Stocks had had their worst year since 2008<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattarai |first1=Abha |date=January 26, 2023 |title=U.S. economy grew 2.1 percent in 2022, but recession fears linger |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/01/26/gdp-2022-q4-economy/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Jesse Pound |author2=Samantha Subin |date=December 30, 2022 |title=Stocks fall to end Wall Street's worst year since 2008, S&P 500 finishes 2022 down nearly 20% |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/29/stock-market-futures-open-to-close-news.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Iacurci |first1=Greg |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Here's the inflation breakdown for December 2022 — in one chart |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/12/heres-the-inflation-breakdown-for-december-2022-in-one-chart.html}}</ref> before recovering. Widespread predictions of an imminent recession did not materialize in 2022 or 2023, and by late 2023 indicators showed sharply lower inflation with economic acceleration. GDP growth hit 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the year ended with stocks near record highs, with robust holiday spending.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harrison |first1=David |date=October 23, 2023 |title=The Economy Was Supposed to Slow by Now. Instead It's Revving Up. |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e |url-access=subscription |quote=Recent economic data suggest the economy is accelerating despite higher borrowing costs, the resumption of student-loan payments, and wars in Ukraine and the Middle East ... Analysts, many of whom had expected a recession this year, are pushing up their forecasts ... After predicting a recession for the past year, economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal this month said they now believe that the economy will avoid a downturn in the next 12 months. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122184856/https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e |archive-date=November 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 2023 |title=GDP surged 4.9% in the third quarter, defying the Fed's rate hikes |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gdp-third-quarter-4-9-economic-growth/ |access-date=November 21, 2023 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Robust holiday shopping sends economy soaring into 2024 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/12/26/holiday-sales-retail-mastercard/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 26, 2023|first1=Rachel |last1=Siegel |first2=Aaron |last2=Gregg}}</ref> | |||
Biden signed numerous major pieces of economic legislation in the ], including the ], ], ], and the ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Dustin |title=Despite infighting, it's been a surprisingly productive 2 years for Democrats |publisher=] |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/01/01/1143149435/despite-infighting-its-been-a-surprisingly-productive-2-years-for-democrats}}</ref> He signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law on August 9, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shepardson |first1=David |last2=Mason |first2=Jeff |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Biden signs bill to boost U.S. chips, compete with China |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/biden-sign-bill-boost-us-chips-compete-with-china-2022-08-09/ |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=]}}</ref> It provided billions of dollars in new funding to boost domestic research on and manufacture of ], to ].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Lamar |date=August 9, 2022 |title=Biden ends slog on semiconductor bill with signature |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/09/biden-ends-slog-on-semiconductor-bill-with-signature-00050530 |access-date=August 9, 2022 |magazine=]}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, Biden blocked a ] planned by multiple labor unions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=Biden signs bill to block U.S. railroad strike |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-signs-bill-block-us-railroad-strike-2022-12-02/ }}</ref> During the ], he expressed support for the workers in negotiations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 15, 2023 |title=UAW strike: Biden says striking car workers deserve 'fair share' |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66822558 |access-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915171936/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66822558 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden joined striking UAW workers' ] in Michigan, becoming the first president to join a picket line.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 26, 2023|title=Biden visits the picket line in Michigan to show solidarity with striking UAW|website=CNN|url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/09/26/politics/biden-picket-line-michigan-uaw/index.html|access-date=September 26, 2023|archive-date=September 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926185932/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/09/26/politics/biden-picket-line-michigan-uaw/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He refused to block a ] from the ] in October 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=Biden won't step in to stop dockworker strike |publisher=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/01/biden-administration-dockworker-strike-00181839 }}</ref> | |||
Over the course of five days in March 2023, ], triggering a sharp decline in global bank stock prices and swift response by regulators to prevent potential global ]. After ], the first to do so, Biden expressed opposition to a bailout by taxpayers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cathey |first=Libby |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Amid crisis, Biden tells Americans 'banking system is safe' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-speaks-banking-crisis/story?id=97820883 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |agency=]}}</ref> He claimed that the ] of ] contributed to the bank's failure.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hunnicutt |first=Trevor |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Biden vows new bank rules after SVB collapse, cites Trump rollback |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/biden-defend-us-banking-system-after-svb-signature-collapse-2023-03-13/ |access-date=March 13, 2023 |work=]}}</ref> | |||
At the beginning of the ], Biden and congressional Republicans ] after the U.S. hit its ], which raised the risk that the U.S. would ] on its debt.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Jeremy |last2=Fox |first2=Lauren |last3=Zanona |first3=Melanie |last4=Mattingly |first4=Phil |last5=Saenz |first5=Arlette |last6=Liptak |first6=Kevin |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Inside a debt ceiling standoff 'far more dangerous than people will recognize' |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/31/politics/biden-mccarthy-debt-ceiling-behind-the-scenes/index.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref> Biden and House speaker ] struck a deal to raise the debt limit, the ], which suspended the debt limit until January 2025. Biden signed it on June 3, averting a default.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Megerian |first1=Chris |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Biden signs debt ceiling bill that pulls US back from brink of unprecedented default |work=Associated Press News |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-debt-ceiling-budget-signing-f78a000d83cf85ffbaa2d08637844053 |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref> The deal was generally seen as favorable to Biden.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |date=June 1, 2023 |title=The Calm Man in the Capital: Biden Lets Others Spike the Ball but Notches a Win |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/01/us/politics/biden-mccarthy-debt-ceiling-deal-who-won.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tankersley |first1=Jim |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Biden's Debt Deal Strategy: Win in the Fine Print |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/us/politics/biden-debt-ceiling-deal.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref> | |||
Biden extended the COVID-19 student loan pause through September 2023, with an "on ramp" period that extended some of the pause's protections against credit reporting, collection efforts, and late payment fees through September 30, 2024.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Minsky |first=Adam S. |title=Huge Changes For Student Loan Repayment Begin In 5 Days For 30 Million Borrowers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamminsky/2024/09/25/huge-changes-for-student-loan-repayment-begin-in-5-days-for-30-million-borrowers/ |access-date=September 28, 2024 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> The Biden administration's attempts to implement student loan forgiveness and relief programs have faced legal challenges from a coalition of Republican-led states.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Minsky |first=Adam S. |title=2 Major Student Loan Forgiveness Rulings For IDR, New Biden Plan Expected In Just Weeks |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamminsky/2024/09/20/2-major-student-loan-forgiveness-rulings-for-idr-new-biden-plan-expected-in-just-weeks/ |access-date=September 28, 2024 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> Biden's plans to forgive student loan debt were estimated to cost over $519 billion,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-26 |title=The Biden Student Loan Forgiveness Plan: Budgetary Costs and Distributional Impact |url=https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/8/26/biden-student-loan-forgiveness#:~:text=We%20estimate%20that%20debt%20cancellation,will%20cost%20another%20$16%20billion. |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Penn Wharton Budget Model |language=en-US}}</ref> and some critics called them a "disaster".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Camp |first=Emma |date=2024-12-14 |title=Biden's attempts to forgive student debt were a disaster |url=https://reason.com/2024/12/14/student-debt-disaster/?utm_medium=reason_email&utm_source=new_at_reason&utm_campaign=reason_brand&utm_content=Senate%20Tees%20Up%20$200%20Billion%20Social%20Security%20Giveaway%20to%20Public%20Sector%20Workers&utm_term=&time=December%2016th,%202024&mpid=38717&mpweb=2534-5255-38717 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
==== Judiciary ==== | |||
{{Further|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}} | |||
] watching the ] vote on her confirmation, April 2022|alt=Photo of Biden and Jackson looking at an off-camera television screen]] | |||
By the end of 2021, 40 of Biden's nominees to the federal judiciary had been confirmed, more than any president in his first year in office since ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raymond |first1=Nate |date=December 28, 2021 |title=Biden finishes 2021 with most confirmed judicial picks since Reagan |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-finishes-2021-with-most-confirmed-judicial-picks-since-reagan-2021-12-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201053907/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-finishes-2021-with-most-confirmed-judicial-picks-since-reagan-2021-12-28/ |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Biden has prioritized diversity in his judicial appointments more than any president in U.S. history, with most of his appointees being women and people of color.<ref>{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Carrie |date=December 28, 2021 |title=Biden had a productive year picking federal judges. The job could get tougher in 2022 |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/28/1067206141/biden-federal-judges-nominations-diverse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204171925/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/28/1067206141/biden-federal-judges-nominations-diverse |archive-date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
In January 2022, Supreme Court justice ], a moderate liberal nominated by Bill Clinton, announced his intention to retire from the Supreme Court. During his 2020 campaign, Biden vowed to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if a vacancy occurred,<ref>{{cite web |last=Totenberg |first=Nina |date=January 26, 2022 |title=Justice Stephen Breyer, an influential liberal on the Supreme Court, to retire |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/26/1075781724/justice-stephen-breyer-supreme-court-retires |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204091216/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/26/1075781724/justice-stephen-breyer-supreme-court-retires |archive-date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> a promise he reiterated after Breyer announced his retirement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Andrew |last2=Hurley |first2=Lawrence |last3=Holland |first3=Steve |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Biden vows to nominate Black woman to U.S. Supreme Court by end of February |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/retiring-us-justice-breyer-appear-with-biden-white-house-2022-01-27/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202194132/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/retiring-us-justice-breyer-appear-with-biden-white-house-2022-01-27/ |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> On February 25, ] federal judge ] to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite press release |date=February 25, 2022 |title=President Biden Nominates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/25/president-biden-nominates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ |publisher=] |access-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228102827/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/25/president-biden-nominates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She was confirmed by the ] on April 7<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Sam |last2=Gonzalez |first2=Oriana |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed as first Black female Supreme Court justice |url=https://www.axios.com/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-biden-5aaba226-c0e0-43f6-8952-a803c9c0e29c.html |access-date=April 8, 2022 |website=]}}</ref> and sworn in on June 30.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bustillo |first1=Ximena |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson sworn in as first Black woman on the Supreme Court |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108714345/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-oath-swearing-in |access-date=July 5, 2022 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> By May 2024, Biden had confirmed more than 200 federal judges, about two-thirds of them women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 22, 2024 |title=Biden passes 200th judicial confirmation milestone as election looms |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-secure-200th-judicial-confirmation-election-looms-2024-05-22/ |work=Reuters |first=Nate |last=Raymond}}</ref> | |||
In July 2024, during a speech at the ], Biden expressed interest in judicial ] and a binding ethics code for Supreme Court justices.<ref name="BidenSCOTUSreform">{{cite web|last1=Madhani|first1=Aamer|last2=Long|first2=Colleen|title=Biden decries 'extremism' on Supreme Court, details plan for term limits, ethics code for justices|url=https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-reform-biden-harris-trump-ffd48f3a2023aeca841bb53c2147ef03|date=July 29, 2024|access-date=August 16, 2024|website=AP News}}</ref> | |||
==== Infrastructure and climate ==== | |||
{{Further|Build Back Better Plan|Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration}} | |||
] and UN secretary-general ] at the opening ceremony of the ] in Glasgow on November 1, 2021|alt=Phot of Biden, Johnson and Guterres standing onstage]] | |||
As part of Biden's Build Back Better agenda, in late March 2021, he proposed the ], a $2 trillion package addressing issues including transport infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, broadband infrastructure, housing, schools, manufacturing, research and workforce development.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Renshaw |first2=Jarrett |date=March 31, 2021 |title=Biden says $2 trillion jobs plan rivals the space race in its ambition |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-infrastructure-idUSKBN2BN13C |url-status=live |access-date=November 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413130443/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-infrastructure-idUSKBN2BN13C |archive-date=April 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Siegel |first1=Rachel |date=March 31, 2021 |title=What's in Biden's $2 trillion jobs and infrastructure plan? |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/03/31/what-is-in-biden-infrastructure-plan/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401015541/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/03/31/what-is-in-biden-infrastructure-plan/ |archive-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref> After months of negotiations among Biden and lawmakers, in August 2021 the Senate passed a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill called the ],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romm |first1=Tony |date=August 10, 2021 |title=Senate approves bipartisan, $1 trillion infrastructure bill, bringing major Biden goal one step closer |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/08/10/senate-infrastructure-bill-vote-biden/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929154828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/08/10/senate-infrastructure-bill-vote-biden/ |archive-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pramuk |first1=Jacob |date=August 10, 2021 |title=Senate passes $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill, sending key part of Biden's economic agenda to the House |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/10/senate-to-pass-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108112959/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/10/senate-to-pass-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill.html |archive-date=November 8, 2021}}</ref> while the House, also in a bipartisan manner, approved that bill in early November 2021, covering infrastructure related to transport, utilities, and broadband.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jalonick |first1=Mary Clare |date=November 7, 2021 |title=Roads, transit, internet: What's in the infrastructure bill |work=] |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-technology-business-broadband-internet-congress-d89d6bb1b39cd9c67ae9fc91f5eb4c0d |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107214148/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-technology-business-broadband-internet-congress-d89d6bb1b39cd9c67ae9fc91f5eb4c0d |archive-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> Biden signed the bill into law in mid-November 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |last2=Long |first2=Colleen |date=November 16, 2021 |title=Biden signs $1T infrastructure deal with bipartisan crowd |work=] |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-congress-infrastructure-bill-signing-b5b8cca843133de060778f049861b144 |url-status=live |access-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116045821/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-congress-infrastructure-bill-signing-b5b8cca843133de060778f049861b144 |archive-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> | |||
The other core part of the Build Back Better agenda was the ], a $3.5 trillion social spending bill that expands the ] and includes major provisions on climate change.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pramuk |first=Jacob |date=August 11, 2021 |title=Senate approves framework of $3.5 trillion budget plan that would expand Medicare, tax credits and climate initiatives |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/senate-passes-3point5-trillion-budget-resolution-after-infrastructure-bill.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025307/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/senate-passes-3point5-trillion-budget-resolution-after-infrastructure-bill.html |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Frazin |first=Rachel |date=July 14, 2021 |title=Democratic senator: Reconciliation package to include clean electricity standard |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/562983-senator-expects-clean-electricity-standard-to-be-part-of/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026222513/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/562983-senator-expects-clean-electricity-standard-to-be-part-of |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |work=] |accessdate=April 13, 2022}}</ref> The bill did not have Republican support, so Democrats attempted to pass it on a ] through ], but struggled to win the support of Senator ], even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Nancy |last1=Cordes |first2=Ellis |last2=Kim |first3=Ed |last3=O'Keefe |first4=Weijia |last4=Jiang |first5=Jordan |last5=Freiman |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Biden sets $1.9 – $2.2 trillion price range for social safety net bill in call with House progressives |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023023747/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/ |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> After Manchin rejected the bill,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seipel |first1=Arnie |last2=Hernandez |first2=Joe |date=December 19, 2021 |title=Joe Manchin says he won't support President Biden's Build Back Better plan |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025452/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> the Build Back Better Act's size was reduced. It was comprehensively reworked into the ], covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brady |date=August 14, 2022 |title=As Congress funds high-tech climate solutions, it also bets on a low-tech one: Nature |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2022/08/14/nature-climate-solutions-inflation-reduction-act/ |access-date=August 29, 2022}}</ref> | |||
The ] was introduced by senators ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Nandita |last2=Holland |first2=Steve |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Biden signs inflation act, hands pen to Manchin |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-signs-430-billion-climate-healthcare-tax-bill-2022-08-16/ |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walters |first1=Joanna |last2=Helmore |first2=Edward |date=July 31, 2022 |title=Joe Manchin hails expansive bill he finally agrees to as 'great for America' |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/31/joe-manchin-hails-deal-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref> The package aimed to raise $739 billion and authorize $370 billion in spending on energy and ], $300 billion in deficit reduction, three years of ] subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Greve |first=Joan E. |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Senate passes $739bn healthcare and climate bill after months of wrangling |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/07/inflation-reduction-act-senate-democrats-pass |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref> According to an analysis by the Rhodium Group, the bill will lower ] between 31 percent and 44 percent below 2005 levels by 2030.<ref name="Joan">{{cite news |last1=E Greve |first1=Joan |date=August 12, 2022 |title=US House passes Democrats' landmark healthcare and climate bill |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/12/us-house-passes-climate-bill-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref> On August 7, 2022, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President ] ]. The bill was passed by the House on August 12<ref name="Joan" /> and was signed by Biden on August 16.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pitas |first=Costas |date=August 13, 2022 |title=Biden to sign $430 billion climate and tax bill into law next week |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-sign-430-bln-climate-tax-bill-into-law-next-week-2022-08-12/ |access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |last2=Egan |first2=Lauren |date=August 16, 2022 |title=Biden signs major climate, health care and tax bill into law |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/biden-sign-major-climate-health-care-spending-bill-rcna43269 |access-date=August 16, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
Before and during the ] (COP26), Biden promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the ] cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natter |first1=Ari |last2=A Dlouhy |first2=Jennifer |last3=Krukowska |first3=Ewa |title=U.S. and EU Vow Steep Methane Cuts Ahead of Climate Summit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-14/u-s-and-eu-to-pledge-steep-methane-cuts-ahead-of-climate-summit |access-date=September 17, 2021 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=September 14, 2021 |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917193105/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-14/u-s-and-eu-to-pledge-steep-methane-cuts-ahead-of-climate-summit |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden pledges to double U.S. climate change aid; some activists unimpressed |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ |first= Valerie |last=Volcovici |access-date=September 29, 2021 |work=Reuters |date=September 21, 2021 |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925130818/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Also at COP26, the U.S. and China reached a deal on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The two countries are responsible for 40 percent of global emissions.<ref>{{cite news |title=COP26: Cautious welcome for unexpected US-China climate agreement |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59243434 |access-date=November 15, 2021 |publisher=BBC |date=November 11, 2021 |archive-date=November 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161429/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59243434 |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2023, when the ] ], Biden announced several measures to protect the population and said the heat waves were linked to climate change.<ref>{{cite web |title=FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces New Actions to Protect Workers and Communities from Extreme Heat |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/07/27/fact-sheet-president-biden-to-announce-new-actions-to-protect-workers-and-communities-from-extreme-heat/ |website=The White House |date=July 27, 2023 |access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sprunt |first1=Barbara |title=Biden rolled out some new measures to respond to extreme heat as temperatures soar |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/27/1190435892/biden-extreme-heat-climate |access-date=August 15, 2023 |publisher=NPR |date=July 27, 2023}}</ref> | |||
In April 2024, Biden unveiled a plan to protect and restore natural water sources (3.2 million hectares of ]s and 161,000 km of ]s and ]s).<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden sets new target to protect vast US water sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-sets-new-target-protect-vast-us-water-sources-2024-04-23/ |work=Reuters |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> | |||
==== Immigration ==== | |||
{{Main|Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration}} | |||
] between 2000 and 2023]] | |||
Illegal border crossings at the ] began to surge in 2021 when Biden assumed office,<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 26, 2024 |title=Illegal border crossings from Mexico reach highest on record in December before January lull |url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-crossings-mexico-biden-18ac91ef502e0c5433f74de6cc629b32 |work = Associated Press News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Migrant encounters along southwest border reach all-time high of 302,000 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/migrant-encounters-reach-time-high-southwest-border/story?id=106050779 |work = ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 29, 2023 |title=December migrant surge at Southern border largest in more than two decades as mayors call for action |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/29/us/us-mexico-border-migration/index.html |publisher = CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2024 |title=Migrant encounters at the U.S.-Mexico border hit a record high at the end of 2023 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/02/15/migrant-encounters-at-the-us-mexico-border-hit-a-record-high-at-the-end-of-2023/ |publisher = Pew Research Center}}</ref> following a pandemic-era lull, amid a global rise in migration. From 2021 to 2023, they increased to record highs, reaching an all-time monthly high in December 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Debusmann Jr |first1=Bernd |title=Three reasons why so many migrants want to cross from Mexico to US |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68208637 |publisher=BBC |date=February 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gramlich |first1=John |title=2023 ended with more migrant encounters at U.S.-Mexico border than any month on record |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/02/15/migrant-encounters-at-the-us-mexico-border-hit-a-record-high-at-the-end-of-2023/sr_24-02-15_borderencounters_1-png/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=February 15, 2024}}</ref> Throughout 2024, crossings began to significantly decline from the December record, after Biden implemented restrictions on ] claims from migrants who cross the border between ports of entry and urged Mexico to crack down on migrants.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 1, 2024 |title=Illegal crossings at U.S.-Mexico border fall to 3-year low, the lowest level under Biden |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/border-crossings-us-mexico-border-june-2024/ |publisher = CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 30, 2024 |title=A quieter border eases pressure on Biden, with a hand from Mexico |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2024/04/30/united-states-mexico-border-surge-biden/ |newspaper = The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 26, 2024 |title=Biden border restrictions bring sharp drop in illegal crossings |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2024/06/26/border-crossings-drop-biden-closures/ |newspaper = The Washington Post}}</ref> The United States also increased its deportations in the last year of Biden's presidency. Deportations from October 2023 to September 2024 reached the highest level since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Priscilla |date=2024-12-19 |title=Biden carried out the highest level of deportations since 2014, new report says {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/19/politics/biden-deportations-report/index.html |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Biden used ] to an unprecedented degree to mitigate illegal border crossings, allowing migrants to fly into the U.S. or schedule their entries through official entry points in the U.S.-Mexico border. Over a million migrants had been admitted to the U.S. under humanitarian parole as of January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 22, 2024 |title=Biden administration has admitted more than 1 million migrants into U.S. under parole policy Congress is considering restricting |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-parole-biden-administration-1-million-migrants/ |publisher=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 2024|title=What Is Humanitarian Parole? How an Obscure Biden Immigration Policy Became So Controversial |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/humanitarian-parole-immigration-border-policy-controversy-eb4d63a9 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 8, 2024|title=Program that allows 30,000 migrants from 4 countries into the US each month upheld by judge |url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-biden-haiti-cuba-nicaragua-venezuela-trial-fac9dc853231ba04ff0ea4e7442057ef |work=Associated Press News}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
In January 2024, Biden expressed support for a proposed bipartisan immigration deal led by Senators ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Don | url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/01/27/Biden-voices-support-Senate-border-bill-new-emergency-powers/7161706363564/ | title=Biden voices support for Senate border bill with new 'emergency' powers | website=] | date=January 27, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Montoya-Galvez |first1=Camilo |last2=Brennan |first2=Margaret |last3=Escobedo |first3=Richard | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-deal-biden-senate-us-mexico-border-bill/ | title=Biden and senators on verge of striking immigration deal aimed at clamping down on illegal border crossings | website=] | date=January 28, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> The proposed bill would allow ] to close the border when encounters reach a seven-day average of 5,000 or exceed 8,500 in a single day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Desjardins |first1=Lisa |last2=Midura |first2=Kyle | url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-the-bipartisan-border-deal-would-transform-the-u-s-immigration-system | title=How the bipartisan border deal would transform the U.S. immigration system | website=] | date=February 4, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtes |first1=Jennifer |last2=Emma |first2=Caitlin | url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/05/biden-bipartisan-immigration-deal-00139558 | title=Detention and that border 'shutdown': What's really in Biden's bipartisan immigration deal | website=] | date=February 5, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> In addition, the bill mandates the detention of migrants seeking asylum and undergoing asylum interviews, with those failing the process repatriated to their home countries.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tsirkin |first=Julie | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/does-new-immigration-bill-5000-illegal-border-crossings-per-day-rcna136656 | title=The bipartisan border deal would not allow 5,000 illegal crossings per day, despite what Trump says | website=] | date=January 31, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> While not addressing the status of "]", it would change immigration law to allow the children of those with ] to get work authorizations and freeze their legal ages while waiting for green cards, rather than face deportation once they hit age 21, and would provide additional funding for immigration judges.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kapur |first1=Sahil |last2=Wong |first2=Scott |last3=Tsirkin |first3=Julie |last4=Ainsley |first4=Julia | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/new-immigration-asylum-reform-bill-released-senate-text-rcna136602 | title=Senators unveil bipartisan bill to impose tougher asylum and border laws | website=] | date=February 4, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In late January, former president Donald Trump announced his opposition to the legislation, calling on Congressional Republicans to oppose it; subsequently, leaders such as ] ] announced their opposition, halting further legislative action.<ref>{{cite web |last=Groves |first=Stephen | url=https://apnews.com/article/congress-border-security-ukraine-058876834b48bacf5b3678b067d8dd9a | title=Biden urges Congress to embrace border bill. But House speaker suggests it may be 'dead on arrival' | website=] | date=January 26, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |last2=Kapur |first2=Sahil | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-urge-congress-pass-bipartisan-border-security-bill-republicans-n-rcna137483 | title=Biden urges Congress to pass bipartisan immigration bill, says Republicans are 'caving' to Trump's demands | website=] | date=February 6, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> As a result of continued high immigration levels throughout his tenure, some lawmakers and pundits have criticized Biden's handling of the southern border.<ref>Narea, Nicole. "," ''Vox,'' June 3, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</ref><ref>Bryant, Christa Case and Babcock, Caitlin. "," ''The Christian Science Monitor,'' April 16, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</ref><ref>Saad, Lydia. "," Gallup, Inc. February 14, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</ref> Criticism of the bill and broader immigration policy continued to be expressed by both sides, with some liberals considering his policies too harsh while some conservatives considered them too lax.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Debusmann |first=Bernd Jr. |date=May 17, 2024 |title=How Joe Biden and Donald Trump's border policies compare |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65574725 |access-date=July 8, 2024 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Miroff |first1=Nick |last2=Sacchetti |first2=Maria |last3=Frostenson |first3=Sarah |date=February 11, 2024 |title=Trump vs. Biden on immigration: 12 charts comparing U.S. border security |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2024/02/11/trump-biden-immigration-border-compared/ |access-date=July 8, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> In the final year of his presidency, the Biden administration worked to extend at least 14 contracts with private prison companies to run immigrant detention centers, despite his 2020 campaign promise to end the practice.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olivares |first=José |date=2024-12-05 |title=Revealed: Biden lays groundwork to expand immigration jails as Trump readies for office |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/05/biden-immigration-jails-trump-mass-deportation-plan |access-date=2024-12-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> | |||
==== Pardons and commutations ==== | |||
On October 6, 2022, Biden pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of ] possession under federal law.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Daniels |first1=Eugene |last2=Fertig |first2=Natalie |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Biden pardons marijuana offenses, calls for review of federal law |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/06/biden-to-pardon-marijuana-offenses-call-for-review-of-federal-law-00060796 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |magazine=]}}</ref> On December 22, 2023, he pardoned Americans for cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shivaram |first=Deepa | url=https://www.npr.org/2023/12/22/1221230390/biden-pardons-clemency-marijuana-drug-offenses | title=Biden expands pardons for marijuana possession and grants clemency to 11 | publisher=] | date=December 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Zeke | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-marijuana-pardons-clemency-02abde991a05ff7dfa29bfc3c74e9d64 | title=Biden pardons thousands convicted of marijuana charges on federal lands and in Washington | work=] | date=December 22, 2023}}</ref> On December 12, 2024, in the largest single-day clemency act in history, Biden granted clemency to about 1,500 nonviolent felons in ] who had previously been released from prison.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Colleen | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-pardons-clemency-4432002d67334e6716c2776fd73f3cc8 | title=Biden commutes roughly 1,500 sentences and pardons 39 people in biggest single-day act of clemency | website=] | date=December 12, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Keith |first1=Tamara |last2=Shivaram |first2=Deepa | url=https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons | title=Biden commutes sentences for 1,500 people. Some say he could do a lot more | website=] | date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref> The act generated controversy, as it included felons such as ], a judge involved in the ], and ], a comptroller responsible for the single largest municipal fraud in U.S. history. The Biden administration said the offenders who received clemency "deserve a second chance" and were selected based on meeting certain criteria in a uniform decision.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/13/politics/joe-biden-commutations-pennsylvania-illinois/index.html | title=Victims 'shocked' after Biden grants clemency to 'kids-for-cash' judge and $54 million embezzler | work=] | date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Danner |first1=Chas | url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/joe-biden-clemency-list-pardons-commutations.html | title=Everyone Biden Has Granted Presidential Pardons and Commutations | website=] | date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref> On December 23, 2024, Biden commuted the sentences of 37 out of 40 federal ] inmates.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgkxe4xlvgxo</ref> | |||
==== Pardon of Hunter Biden ==== | |||
] | |||
On December 1, 2024, Biden issued a "full and unconditional" pardon to Hunter Biden that covered all federal offenses Hunter committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2024. The pardon's sweeping extent was "unprecedented",<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Soave |first=Robby |date=2024-12-05 |title=Hunter Biden's pardon is unprecedented |url=https://reason.com/2024/12/05/hunter-bidens-pardon-is-unprecedented/?utm_medium=reason_email&utm_source=new_at_reason&utm_campaign=reason_brand&utm_content=Remy:%20Pardon%20My%20Son&utm_term=&time=December%206th,%202024&mpid=38717&mpweb=2534-5159-38717 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> with legal experts citing ] as the only other person given similar terms for a pardon, for his tenure as president from 1969 to 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=We haven't seen a pardon as sweeping as Hunter Biden's in generations |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/12/02/hunter-biden-pardon-nixon-00192101 |work=Politico}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=AP |first=ZEKE MILLER, ALANNA DURKIN RICHER and COLLEEN LONG / |date=2024-12-02 |title=President Biden Pardons Son Hunter After Previously Saying He Wouldn't |url=https://time.com/7199219/president-joe-biden-pardons-son-hunter/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Viser |first=Matt |title=Joe Biden pardons his son Hunter |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/12/01/hunter-biden-pardon/ |access-date=December 2, 2024 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref name="NBCpardon" /> According to ] magazine, Hunter Biden's pardon was even more far-reaching than Nixon's or other "controversial"<ref name=":2" /> pardons:<blockquote>The Hunter pardon is far more comprehensive...in that it covered not just his convictions for drug-related activities and tax fraud, but ''any other criminal behavior'' since 2014—the year that Hunter joined the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma. It has been alleged that Hunter's job was essentially to trade on the family name and sell his access to dad. This may not have been illegal, but it does mean that the pardon is clearly designed to offer preemptive protection not just to Hunter, but to Joe Biden himself. These features make the pardon unprecedented, though perfectly in line with the president's executive powers.</blockquote>Hunter had been convicted on charges related to tax and gun offenses, after which Joe made numerous promises not to pardon him. He and his staff continued to say that Hunter would not be pardoned as late as November, although internal staff discussions affirmed that the option remained on the table even as Biden said otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hubbard |first1=Kaia |last2=Freiman |first2=Jordan |date=2024-12-01 |title=President Biden pardons son Hunter Biden - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hunter-biden-padon/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuels |first=Brett |date=2024-12-02 |title=Joe Biden pardons his son, Hunter Biden |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5016851-biden-pardons-his-son-hunter/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="NBCpardon" /> Biden and his family finalized the decision to pardon Hunter without consulting senior staff.<ref name="nytdec2">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=How Biden Changed His Mind on Pardoning Hunter: 'Time to End All of This' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/02/us/politics/hunter-biden-pardon-decision.html |website=The New York Times |language=en-US}}</ref> In a statement announcing the pardon, Biden said he believed his son was "selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted", blaming "political pressure" for the collapse of a plea bargain. The plea bargain actually fell apart after the presiding judge asked about its unusual construction.<ref name="White House 2024" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |title=President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden despite pledges not to |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/12/01/president-joe-biden-hunter-biden-pardon/76693183007/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=Judge Scuppered Hunter Biden Plea Deal, Not Political Pressure |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/01/us/politics/biden-pardon-political-pressure.html |website=The New York Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Biden's pardon came amid incoming December sentencing dates for Hunter for his convictions and concerns about the succeeding Trump administration potentially targeting political rivals for prosecution.<ref name="nytdec2" /> | |||
No future president can rescind the pardon.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Marshall Cohen, Betsy |date=2024-12-02 |title=President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/01/politics/hunter-biden-joe-biden-pardon/index.html |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Biden also said, "I hope Americans will understand why a father and a president would come to this decision."<ref name=":1" /> Critics called out the pardon for seeming self-serving and corrupt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=President Joe Biden Pardons Son Hunter Biden |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-pardons-hunter-biden_n_674d0071e4b09da02dde4492 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Biden pardons his son Hunter on gun and tax charges despite previously saying he wouldn't |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-pardons-his-son-hunter-on-gun-and-tax-charges-despite-previously-saying-he-wouldnt |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> | |||
====2022 elections==== | |||
{{Main|2022 United States elections}} | |||
] in ] for gubernatorial candidate ], November 7, 2022|alt=Photo of Biden holding a microphone at a campaign rally, with his jacket off and sleeves rolled up]] | |||
On September 2, 2022, in a nationally broadcast ], Biden called for a "battle for the soul of the nation". Off camera, he called Trump supporters "semi-fascists", which Republican commentators denounced.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Keefe |first1=Ed |last2=Cook |first2=Sara |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Biden delivers prime-time speech on the "battle for the soul of the nation" in Philadelphia |publisher=] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/biden-speech-philadelphia-democracy-watch-live-stream-today-2022-09-01/ |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Four takeaways from President Biden's speech in Philadelphia |newspaper=] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-aud-nw-nyt-biden-philadelphia-speech-20220902-zsfckr7n7jf4rbowcu6e2pre2i-story.html |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Naughtie |first=Andrew |date=September 5, 2022 |title=Jan 6 committee members back Biden remarks on Trump 'fascism' after rally guest defends neo-Nazi rioter: Joe Biden's warnings of creeping fascism on the pro-Trump right have fired up ex-president's followers and dissenters alike |newspaper=] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/jan-6-trump-fascism-rally-lofgren-raskin-b2159938.html |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref> A predicted Republican ] did not materialize and the race for ] control was much closer than expected, with Republicans securing a slim majority of ],<ref>{{cite news |last=Hounshell |first=Blake |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Five Takeaways From a Red Wave That Didn't Reach the Shore |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/midterm-elections-takeaways.html |access-date=November 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knowles |first1=Hannah |last2=Scherer |first2=Michael |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Democrats show strength, leaving fight for control of Congress unresolved |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2022/11/08/house-senate-race/ |access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=McGraw |first=Meridith |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Trump's biggest midterm bets don't pay out |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/09/trump-endorsed-candidates-2022-election-results |access-date=November 9, 2022 |magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Republicans take control of the House, NBC News projects |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/16/midterm-house-elections-2022-republicans-take-control-of-the-house.html |access-date=November 16, 2022}}</ref> and the Democratic caucus keeping control of the ], with 51 seats, a gain of one seat from the last Congress.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 8, 2022 |title=2022 Election: Live Analysis and Results |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/live-blog/2022-midterm-election/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref>{{efn|] and ], whose seats were not up for election in 2022, left the Democratic Party and became ] in December 2022 and May 2024, respectively. As a result, 47 Democrats (rather than 49), plus ] and ], independents who caucus with Democrats, were in the Senate of the ], on May 31, 2024. Manchin continues to caucus with Democrats while Sinema has opted to caucus with neither party but to align with the Democrats, bringing the Democratic Senate majority to 51 seats.<ref>{{USCongRec|2023|S22|January 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Skelley |first=Geoffrey |date=December 9, 2022 |title=Why Kyrsten Sinema Left The Democratic Party |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-kyrsten-sinema-left-the-democratic-party/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606220147/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-kyrsten-sinema-left-the-democratic-party/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Watson|first=Kathryn|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democrat-joe-manchin-registers-independent/|title=Sen. Joe Manchin leaves Democratic Party, registers as an independent|publisher=]|date=May 31, 2024|accessdate=May 31, 2024}}</ref>}} | |||
It was the first midterm election since ] in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since ] in which the president's party lost no state legislative chambers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Enten |first=Harry |date=November 13, 2022 |title=How Joe Biden and the Democratic Party defied midterm history |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/politics/democrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house/index.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Democrats credited Biden for their unexpectedly favorable performance,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Lauren |last=Gambino |date=November 20, 2022 |title='You did it!': Biden basks in midterms afterglow after beating expectations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/nov/20/joe-biden-midterms-democrats-presidency |access-date=November 28, 2022 |newspaper=]}}</ref> and he celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Biden Celebrates Beating the Odds, but He Faces a New Challenge |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/biden-midterms-republicans.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
=== Foreign policy === | |||
{{Main|Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration}} | |||
In June 2021, Biden took his first trip abroad as president. In eight days he visited Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. He attended ], ], and an EU summit, and held ] with Russian president ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bidens-first-trip-abroad-whirlwind-of-meetings-with-allies-rivals-2021-6 |title=Biden's first trip abroad will be a whirlwind of major meetings with key allies and top rivals |last=Haltiwanger |first=John |date=June 3, 2021 |work=] |access-date=June 19, 2021}}</ref> | |||
In September 2021, Biden announced ], a ] between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, to ensure "peace and stability in the ] over the long term"; the deal included nuclear-powered submarines built for Australia's use, undercutting a prior Australian contract for submarines with France.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |title=Biden announces Indo-Pacific alliance with UK, Australia |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-china-australia-united-states-1b2e597918bc1c8dd1aab26ab32c9621 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |work=] |date=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=October 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009141945/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-china-australia-united-states-1b2e597918bc1c8dd1aab26ab32c9621 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In February 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its ] in Yemen and revoked the designation of Yemen's ] as terrorists.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-end-support-saudi-offenseive-yemen-b68f58493dbfc530b9fcfdb80a13098f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023211712/https://apnews.com/article/biden-end-support-saudi-offenseive-yemen-b68f58493dbfc530b9fcfdb80a13098f |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |access-date=February 5, 2021 |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Biden revokes terrorist designation for Yemen's Houthis |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-civil-wars-yemen-d17b50e3995827838a19fb8bd09e9f64|work=]}}</ref> In early February 2022, Biden ordered the counterterrorism raid in northern Syria that resulted in the ], the second leader of the ].<ref>{{Cite press release |date=February 3, 2022|title=Statement by President Joe Biden|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/03/statement-by-president-joe-biden-3/|access-date=February 3, 2022|publisher=The White House|archive-date=February 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203132343/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/03/statement-by-president-joe-biden-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> In late July, Biden approved the ] that ], the second leader of ], and an integral member in the planning of the ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/us/politics/al-qaeda-strike-afghanistan.html |title=U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader |date=August 1, 2022 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |last3=Barnes |first3=Julian |last4=Schmitt |first4=Eric |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801215209/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/us/politics/al-qaeda-strike-afghanistan.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The ] caused a diplomatic spat with Saudi Arabia, widening the rift between the two countries, and threatening a longstanding ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/11/us/politics/biden-saudi-arabia-oil-production-cut.html | title=Biden Vows 'Consequences' for Saudi Arabia After Oil Production Cut | newspaper=The New York Times | date=October 11, 2022 | last1=Baker | first1=Peter}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/1a5cfd12-a202-4242-b0ad-bed56f377142 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/1a5cfd12-a202-4242-b0ad-bed56f377142 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Joe Biden warns of 'consequences' for Saudi Arabia after oil production cuts | newspaper=Financial Times | date=October 12, 2022 }}</ref> | |||
In August 2024, Biden negotiated and oversaw the ], the largest ] since the end of the ]. It involved the release of 26 people, including ] ] and former ] ]. | |||
In November 2024, the Biden administration announced that it had helped broker a ] agreement in the ]. | |||
==== Withdrawal from Afghanistan ==== | |||
{{Main|2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan}} | |||
] and the ], discussing the ] on August 15, 2021|alt=Photo of Biden seated alone at a table, looking at a videoconference screen]] | |||
American forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan in 2020, under the provisions of a ] that set a May 1, 2021, deadline.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiely |first1=Eugene |last2=Farley |first2=Robert |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2021/08/timeline-of-u-s-withdrawal-from-afghanistan/ |title=Timeline of U.S. Withdrawal from Afghanistan |work=] |date=August 17, 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2022 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817224525/https://www.factcheck.org/2021/08/timeline-of-u-s-withdrawal-from-afghanistan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Taliban began ] on May 1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/16/politics/biden-afghanistan-speech/index.html|title=Biden admits Afghanistan's collapse 'did unfold more quickly than we had anticipated'|first1=Kevin|last1=Liptak|first2=Jeff|last2=Zeleny|first3=Kaitlan|last3=Collins|first4=Jennifer|last4=Hansler|first5=Maegan|last5=Vazquez|date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 26, 2021|publisher=]|archive-date=August 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830160957/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/16/politics/biden-afghanistan-speech/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Nomaan|last1=Merchant|first2=Zeke|last2=Miller|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-evacuations-32bb6a22846f649b626a3130f8c5dffb|title=Misread warnings helped lead to chaotic Afghan evacuation|date=August 19, 2021|access-date=August 26, 2021|work=]|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829230019/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-evacuations-32bb6a22846f649b626a3130f8c5dffb|url-status=live}}</ref> By early July, most American troops in Afghanistan had withdrawn.<ref name="images" /> Biden addressed the withdrawal in July, saying, "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."<ref name="images" /> | |||
On August 15, ] under the Taliban offensive, and Afghan President ] fled the country.<ref name="images" /><ref name="messy">{{cite news |title=Biden defends 'messy' US pullout from Afghanistan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58238497 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |work=] |date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023163517/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58238497 |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist with evacuating American personnel and Afghan allies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prakash |first1=Nidhi |title=Joe Biden Blamed Afghan Leaders For Giving Up As The Taliban Took Control |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhiprakash/biden-afghanistan-speech-taliban-take-over |access-date=August 17, 2021 |work=] |date=August 16, 2021 |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008133113/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhiprakash/biden-afghanistan-speech-taliban-take-over |url-status=live}}</ref> He faced bipartisan criticism for the manner of the withdrawal,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |title=Lawmakers Unite in Bipartisan Fury Over Afghanistan Withdrawal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/politics/afghanistan-withdrawal-congress.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=March 1, 2022 |date=August 16, 2021 |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210816201146/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/politics/afghanistan-withdrawal-congress.html |url-status=live}}</ref> with the evacuations described as chaotic and botched.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Seligman |first1=Lara |title=Top generals contradict Biden, say they urged him not to withdraw from Afghanistan |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/28/top-generals-afghanistan-withdrawal-congress-hearing-514491 |magazine=] |date=September 28, 2021 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929165155/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/28/top-generals-afghanistan-withdrawal-congress-hearing-514491 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Melanie |last1=Zanona |first2=Lauren |last2=Fox |title=House Republicans vow to probe Biden's Afghanistan exit if they win in 2022 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/20/politics/house-republicans-afghanistan-biden-benghazi/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=August 20, 2021 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822125620/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/20/politics/house-republicans-afghanistan-biden-benghazi/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Christopher |last1=Cadelago |first2=Natasha |last2=Korecki |first3=Laura |last3=Barrón-López |title=Biden scrambles to tamp down panic over Afghanistan |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/18/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-506065 |magazine=] |date=August 18, 2021 |access-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-date=November 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126220827/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/18/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-506065 |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it, and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".<ref name="messy" /><ref name="buck1">{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |title=Biden says 'buck stops with me' and defends Afghanistan withdrawal |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-afghanistan-taliban-watch-live-stream-today-2021-08-16/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |publisher=] |date=August 16, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817054019/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-afghanistan-taliban-watch-live-stream-today-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves".<ref name="buck1" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=Biden says the 'buck stops with me' — while pinning blame on Trump and many Afghans |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/16/biden-says-buck-stops-with-me-while-pinning-blame-trump-lots-afghans/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |newspaper=] |date=August 16, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817153113/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/16/biden-says-buck-stops-with-me-while-pinning-blame-trump-lots-afghans/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On August 26, a ] killed 13 U.S. service members and 169 Afghans. On August 27, an American drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets, who were "planners and facilitators", according to a U.S. Army general.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Michael|last1=Collins|first2=Tom Vanden|last2=Brook|first3=Deirdre|last3=Shesgreen|title=Biden said US would 'hunt' down Kabul airport attackers. A day later, a drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/08/28/kabul-bombing-u-s-issues-drone-strike-against-isis-k-planner/5628326001/|newspaper=]|date=August 28, 2021|access-date=August 29, 2021|archive-date=August 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830163452/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/08/28/kabul-bombing-u-s-issues-drone-strike-against-isis-k-planner/5628326001/|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 29, another American drone strike killed ten civilians, including seven children. The Defense Department initially claimed the strike was conducted on an Islamic State suicide bomber threatening Kabul Airport, but admitted the suspect was harmless on September 17, calling its killing of civilians "a tragic mistake".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Phil |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |title=U.S. says Kabul drone strike killed 10 civilians, including children, in 'tragic mistake' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-military-says-10-civilians-killed-kabul-drone-strike-last-month-2021-09-17/ |access-date=September 19, 2021 |work=] |date=September 19, 2021 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921115447/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-military-says-10-civilians-killed-kabul-drone-strike-last-month-2021-09-17/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The U.S. military completed withdrawal from Afghanistan on August 30. Biden called the extraction of over 120,000 Americans, Afghans and other allies "an extraordinary success".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Freking |first2=Kevin |title=Biden defends departure from 'forever war,' praises airlift |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-islamic-state-group-dd43bcc58bd17668b1cf4ae79997142b |access-date=September 5, 2021 |work=] |date=September 1, 2021 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160545/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-islamic-state-group-dd43bcc58bd17668b1cf4ae79997142b |url-status=live}}</ref> He acknowledged that up to 200 Americans who wanted to leave did not, despite his August 18 pledge to keep troops in Afghanistan until all Americans who wanted to leave had left.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gore |first1=D'Angelo |last2=Farley |first2=Robert |last3=Robertson |first3=Lori |title=How Many Americans and Allies Are Left in Afghanistan? |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2021/09/how-many-americans-and-allies-are-left-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=September 5, 2021 |work=] |date=September 2, 2021 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908104952/https://www.factcheck.org/2021/09/how-many-americans-and-allies-are-left-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
After the withdrawal, the U.S. continued to send aid to Afghanistan, remaining the country's biggest aid donor as of August 2024 and spending at least $20.7 billion post-withdrawal. U.S. funding has helped support the Taliban government and stabilize Afghanistan's economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=US aid is still vital to Afghanistan |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/08/28/us-aid-is-still-vital-to-afghanistan_6722732_4.html|work=Le Monde |date=28 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US aid vetting failures may have benefited militants in Afghanistan, watchdog finds |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-aid-vetting-failures-may-have-benefited-militants-afghanistan-watchdog-finds-2024-07-17/l|work=Reuters |date=17 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
====Russian invasion of Ukraine==== | |||
] in ], Poland, March 2022|alt=Photo of a smiling Biden holding a child, with a mask lowered onto his chin]] | |||
In February 2022, the ] under President ] launched ]. After warning for several weeks that an attack was imminent, Biden responded to the invasion by imposing severe ] and authorizing over $8 billion in ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Kanno-Youngs |first2=Zolan |last3=Rogers |first3=Katie |date=February 28, 2022 |title=10 Consequential Days: How Biden Navigated War, Covid and the Supreme Court |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/us/politics/biden-ukraine-covid-supreme-court.html |access-date=March 17, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321104514/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/us/politics/biden-ukraine-covid-supreme-court.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Parker |first1=Ashley |last2=Harris |first2=Shane |last3=Birnbaum |first3=Michael |last4=Hudson |first4=John |date=February 25, 2022 |title=13 days: Inside Biden's last-ditch attempts to stop Putin in Ukraine |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/inside-biden-putin-ukraine/ |access-date=March 16, 2022 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226045105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/inside-biden-putin-ukraine/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Jeff |last2=Bose |first2=Nandita |date=March 16, 2022 |title=Biden calls Putin a 'war criminal,' sending more weapons to Ukraine |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-new-security-assistance-ukraine-after-signing-massive-spending-2022-03-16/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319080135/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-new-security-assistance-ukraine-after-signing-massive-spending-2022-03-16/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 29, he asked Congress for $33 billion for Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=War in Ukraine: U.S. dramatically upgrades its aid package to Kyiv |first=Piotr |last=Smolar |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/29/war-in-ukraine-u-s-dramatically-upgrades-its-aid-package-to-kyiv_5981990_4.html |newspaper=] |date=April 29, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510001810/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/29/war-in-ukraine-u-s-dramatically-upgrades-its-aid-package-to-kyiv_5981990_4.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 29, 2022 |title=Biden seeks $33B for Ukraine, signaling long-term commitment |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-biden-business-europe-economy-5656f58ae48cb3cf37da0d0c431a15b8 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |first1=Alan |last1=Fram |first2=Zeke |last2=Miller |first3=Aamer |last3=Madhani}}</ref> but lawmakers later increased it to about $40 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=House approves $40B in Ukraine aid, beefing up Biden request |first=Alan |last=Fram |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-europe-0ac5c758d32dbea64c437b50e829bbb2 |publisher=] |date=May 11, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511000720/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-europe-0ac5c758d32dbea64c437b50e829bbb2 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sonmez |first1=Felicia |last2=Jeong |first2=Andrew |date=May 10, 2022 |title=House approves nearly $40 billion in aid to Ukraine as it fights off Russian aggression |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/05/10/house-poised-approve-additional-40-billion-aid-ukraine/ |access-date=May 11, 2024 |newspaper=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zengerle |first=Patricia |date=May 19, 2022 |title=After delay, U.S. Senate overwhelmingly approves $40 billion in Ukraine aid |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/after-delay-congress-sends-40-billion-ukraine-aid-package-biden-2022-05-19/ |access-date=May 11, 2024 |work=]}}</ref> Biden blamed Putin for the emerging ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden blames 'Putin's invasion of Ukraine' for rising gas, food prices globally |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/biden-blames-putin-s-invasion-of-ukraine-for-rising-gas-food-prices-globally-101648873914167.html |newspaper=] |date=April 2, 2022 |first=Shubhangi |last=Gupta|access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516164119/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/biden-blames-putin-s-invasion-of-ukraine-for-rising-gas-food-prices-globally-101648873914167.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine war: Hungry Africans are victims of the conflict, Macky Sall tells Vladimir Putin |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61685383 |work=BBC News |date=June 3, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-date=June 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611165237/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61685383 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Nichols |first2=Michelle |date=September 21, 2022 |title=Biden accuses Putin of irresponsible nuclear threats, violating U.N. charter |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-29-bln-food-security-funding-during-un-speech-white-house-2022-09-21/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 11, 2024 |work=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511024035/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-29-bln-food-security-funding-during-un-speech-white-house-2022-09-21/ |archive-date=May 11, 2024}}</ref> | |||
On February 20, 2023, four days before the anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, ] and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 20, 2023 |first=Luke |last=Harding |title='This is a part of history': Kyiv citizens delighted by Joe Biden's surprise visit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/this-is-a-part-of-history-kyiv-citizens-delighted-by-joe-biden-surprise-visit |access-date=February 20, 2023 |newspaper=]}}</ref> While there, he promised more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 20, 2023 |last=Child |first=David |title=Putin's war plans 'plain wrong', Biden says in Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123823/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses |archive-date=February 20, 2023 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Vucci |first1=Evan |last2=Leicester |first2=John |last3=Madhani |first3=Aamar |last4=Miller |first4=Zeke |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Biden declares 'Kyiv stands' in surprise visit to Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-biden-f00af220669457d5ba07127c7e57a27b |access-date=May 16, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Kevin |date=February 20, 2023 |title=Biden makes surprise visit to Ukraine for first time since full-scale war began |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/20/politics/biden-ukraine-zelensky-visit-one-year-war-anniversary-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=CNN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709034549/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/20/politics/biden-ukraine-zelensky-visit-one-year-war-anniversary-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, Congress approved about $113 billion in aid to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=$113 billion: Where the US investment in Ukraine aid has gone |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/21/politics/war-funding-ukraine-what-matters/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=September 21, 2023 |first=Zachary B. |last=Wolf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505224731/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/21/politics/war-funding-ukraine-what-matters/index.html |url-status=live |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024 }}</ref> In October 2023, the Biden administration requested an additional $61.4 billion in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead,<ref>{{cite news |title=The White House is asking for almost $106 billion for Israel, Ukraine and the border |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/10/20/1206301577/biden-ukraine-israel-congress-funding-request |publisher=NPR |date=October 26, 2023 |first=Deepa |last=Shivaram |access-date=13 August 2024 }}</ref> but delays in the passage of further aid by the ] inhibited progress, with the additional $61 billion in aid to Ukraine added in April 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zengerle |first1=Patricia |last2=Cowan |first2=Richard |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/long-awaited-aid-ukraine-israel-taiwan-poised-pass-us-congress-2024-04-23/ |title=US Congress passes Ukraine aid after months of delay |work=] |date=April 23, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Michael |last2=Saenz |first2=Arlette |last3=Liptak |first3=Kevin |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/24/politics/biden-signs-foreign-aid-bill/index.html |title=Biden signs foreign aid bill providing crucial military assistance to Ukraine |publisher=] |date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Myre |first=Greg |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/04/24/1246839045/biden-signs-95-billion-military-aid-package-for-ukraine-israel-and-taiwan |title=Biden signs $95 billion military aid package for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan |publisher=] |date=April 24, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref> Throughout the conflict, Biden has consistently refused Ukrainian requests to allow them to utilize weapons against Russian military targets inside ]. An exception was granted in May 2024 for targets in the vicinity of ] for "counter-fire" purposes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Pamuk |first2=Humeyra |last3=Stewart |first3=Phil |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-allows-ukraine-use-us-supplied-arms-strike-inside-russia-near-kharkiv-area-2024-05-30/ |title=Biden allows Ukraine limited use of US arms to strike inside Russia, say US officials |work=] |date=May 30, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bushard |first=Brian |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2024/05/30/biden-will-let-ukraine-strike-inside-russia-with-us-weapons-in-major-policy-reversal-but-only-in-one-region/?sh=1e654e4e3471 |title=Biden Will Let Ukraine Strike Inside Russia With U.S. Weapons—But Only In One Region |website=] |date=May 30, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy770l9llnzo |title=Biden allows Ukraine to hit some targets in Russia with US weapons |work=] |date=May 30, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4767636-biden-ukraine-weapons-restrictions/ |title=Biden maintains limit on Ukrainian strikes despite Zelensky's push |work=The Hill |date=11 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
==== China affairs ==== | |||
{{Further|China–United States relations}} | |||
] during the ], November 14, 2022]] | |||
The ] caused alarm in late 2022, as China could build military bases across the South Pacific. Biden sought to strengthen ties with Australia and New Zealand in the wake of the deal, as ] ] to the premiership of Australia and ]'s government took a firmer line on Chinese influence.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Ralph |last=Jennings |title=US Beefs Up South Pacific Aid, Diplomacy as China Spreads Its Influence |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-beefs-up-south-pacific-aid-diplomacy-as-china-spreads-its-influence-/6658148.html |date=July 13, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 24, 2022 |title=In meeting with Biden, Australia's Albanese recalls colourful first trip to U.S. |work=] |first=Kirsty |last=Needham |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/meeting-with-biden-australias-albanese-recalls-colourful-first-trip-us-2022-05-24/ |access-date=July 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What the China-Solomon Islands Pact Means for the U.S. and South Pacific |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/china-solomon-islands-security-pact-us-south-pacific |date=May 4, 2022 |first=Zongyuan Zoe |last=Liu |access-date=July 18, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> In a September 2022 interview with '']'', Biden said that U.S. forces would defend Taiwan in the event of "an unprecedented attack" by the Chinese,<ref>{{cite web |last1=John |first1=Ruwitch |title=Biden, again, says U.S. would help Taiwan if China attacks |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/19/1123759127/biden-again-says-u-s-would-help-taiwan-if-china-attacks |work=NPR |date=19 September 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> which is in contrast to the long-standing U.S. policy of "]" toward China and Taiwan.<ref name="Kine">{{cite magazine |last1=Kine |first1=Phelim |title=Biden leaves no doubt: 'Strategic ambiguity' toward Taiwan is dead |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/09/19/biden-leaves-no-doubt-strategic-ambiguity-toward-taiwan-is-dead-00057658 |magazine=] |date=September 19, 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A bristling China says Biden remarks on Taiwan 'severely violate' U.S. policy |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-biden-taiwan-remarks-angry-reaction/ |work=] |date=September 19, 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} Biden's most hawkish comments on Taiwan yet |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/09/19/biden-taiwan-china-defense/ |date=19 September 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 28, 2023 |first=Aaron |last=Blake}}</ref> The September comments came after three previous comments by Biden that the U.S. would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion.<ref name="theories">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |title=Analysis {{!}} Three theories on Biden's repeated Taiwan gaffes |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/24/taiwan-biden-gaffe/ |date=24 May 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> Amid increasing tension with China, Biden's administration has repeatedly walked back his statements and asserted that U.S. policy toward Taiwan has not changed.<ref name=theories/><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Joe Biden Keeps Being More Hawkish on Taiwan Than His Administration Wants to Be |first=Eric |last=Lutz |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/09/joe-biden-says-us-will-defend-taiwan-if-china-attacks |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=January 29, 2023 |date=September 19, 2022}}</ref><ref name=Kine/> In late 2022, Biden issued several executive orders and federal rules designed to slow Chinese technological growth, and maintain U.S. leadership over computing, biotech, and clean energy.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bade |first=Gavin |title='A sea change': Biden reverses decades of Chinese trade policy |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/26/china-trade-tech-00072232 |access-date=December 30, 2022 |magazine=] |date=December 26, 2022}}</ref> | |||
On February 4, 2023, Biden ordered the United States Air Force to shoot down a ] off the coast of ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baldor |first1=Lolita C. |last2=Copp |first2=Tara |title=China balloon: Many questions about suspected spy in the sky |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-united-states-government-antony-blinken-china-b1b03193b7abeb7bbeca169bbc7c2c53 |work=] |date=February 4, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209010911/https://apnews.com/article/politics-united-states-government-antony-blinken-china-b1b03193b7abeb7bbeca169bbc7c2c53 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3288543/f-22-safely-shoots-down-chinese-spy-balloon-off-south-carolina-coast/ |title=F-22 Safely Shoots Down Chinese Spy Balloon Off South Carolina Coast |last=Garamone |first=Jim |date=February 4, 2023 |publisher=] |access-date=February 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211012305/https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3288543/f-22-safely-shoots-down-chinese-spy-balloon-off-south-carolina-coast/ |archive-date=February 11, 2023 |quote=A U.S. Air Force fighter safely shot down a Chinese high-altitude surveillance balloon today, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III said in a written statement.}}</ref> The ] said the balloon carried antennas and other equipment capable of geolocating communications signals, and similar balloons from China have flown over more than 40 nations.<ref name="washingtonpost/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-program2">{{cite news |last1=Hudson |first1=John |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Lamothe |first3=Dan |date=February 9, 2023 |title=U.S. declassifies balloon intelligence, calls out China for spying |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-surveillance-program/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210005507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-surveillance-program/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023}}</ref> The ] denied that the balloon was a surveillance device, instead claiming it was a civilian (mainly meteorological) ] that had blown off course.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Matthew |date=February 4, 2023 |title=Chinese balloon soars across US; Blinken scraps Beijing trip |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-antony-blinken-china-314302278a5f05bdc2df146ed5b35ec6 |url-status=live |work=] |access-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001417/https://apnews.com/article/politics-antony-blinken-china-314302278a5f05bdc2df146ed5b35ec6 |archive-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Swire |first=Sonnet |date=February 4, 2023 |title=What to know about the suspected Chinese spy balloon |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/04/politics/chinese-spy-balloon-us-latest/index.html |access-date=May 16, 2024 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Secretary of State ] postponed his planned visit to China as the incident further damaged U.S.-China relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pamuk |first1=Humeyra |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |last3=Martina |first3=Michael |last4=Ali |first4=Idrees |date=February 4, 2023 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |title=Blinken postpones China trip over 'unacceptable' Chinese spy balloon |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china-expresses-regret-that-civilian-airship-strays-over-us-2023-02-03/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cadell |first1=Cate |last2=Hudson |first2=John |last3=Abutaleb |first3=Yasmeen |title=Blinken postpones China trip as suspected spy balloon detected over U.S. |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/03/blinken-postpones-china-trip-suspected-spy-balloon-detected-over-us/ |date=3 February 2023 |url-access=limited |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hansler |first1=Jennifer |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |last3=Herb |first3=Jeremy |last4=Atwood |first4=Kylie |last5=Sciutto |first5=Kylie |last6=Liebermann |first6=Oren |date=February 3, 2023 |title=Blinken postpones trip to Beijing after Chinese spy balloon spotted over US, officials say |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/03/politics/china-us-balloon-intl/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204022758/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/03/politics/china-us-balloon-intl/index.html |archive-date=February 4, 2023}}</ref> In May 2024, the Biden administration doubled ]s on ]s imported from China and more than tripled tariffs on ] imported from China.<ref name="erwgs">{{Cite news |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |last2=Hussein |first2=Fatima |last3=Wiseman |first3=Paul |last4=Tang |first4=Didi |date=May 14, 2024 |title=Biden hikes tariffs on Chinese EVs, solar cells, steel, aluminum — and snipes at Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-china-tariffs-electric-vehicles-evs-solar-2024ba735c47e04a50898a88425c5e2c |access-date=May 16, 2024 |publisher=]}}</ref> It also raised tariffs on imports of Chinese steel, aluminum, and medical materials.<ref name="erwgs"/> | |||
====Israel–Hamas war==== | |||
{{Further|United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war}} | |||
] and prime minister ] in Tel Aviv, Israel, October 18, 2023]] | |||
In October 2023, Hamas ] that ], jeopardizing the administration's push to normalize relations ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Edward |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |last3=Nereim |first3=Vivian |date=October 9, 2023 |title=U.S. Continues Push for Saudi-Israel Ties Even as War With Hamas Begins |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/us/politics/saudi-arabia-israel-palestinians-hamas.html |access-date=October 31, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Biden stated ] and condemned the attack by Hamas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=October 10, 2023 |title=In Unforgiving Terms, Biden Condemns 'Evil' and 'Abhorrent' Attack on Israel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012001950/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |access-date=October 12, 2023 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He deployed aircraft carriers in the region to deter others from joining the war,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collinson |first=Stephen |date=October 18, 2023 |title=What Biden did and didn't achieve during his trip to Israel |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/18/politics/middle-east-conflict-biden-israel/index.html |access-date=October 31, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> and called for an additional $14 billion in military aid to Israel.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Demirjian |first=Karoun |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Details of Biden's $105 Billion Funding Request for Israel and Ukraine |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/20/us/politics/bidens-funds-israel-ukraine.html |access-date=October 31, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He later began pressuring Israel to address the growing ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Sanger |first2=David E. |last3=Wong |first3=Edward |date=October 30, 2023 |title=Biden's Support for Israel Now Comes With Words of Caution |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/us/politics/biden-israel.html |access-date=October 31, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Biden rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bendery |first1=Jennifer |title=Joe Biden On The Chances Of A Gaza Cease-Fire: 'None. No Possibility.' |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-gaza-cease-fire-no-possibility_n_654d0b36e4b088d9a74da287 |work=HuffPost |date=November 9, 2023}}</ref> He asked Israel to pause its invasion of Gaza for at least three days to allow for hostage negotiations; Israel agreed to daily four-hour pauses.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 9, 2023 |title=Israel agrees to 4-hour daily pauses in Gaza fighting to allow civilians to flee, White House says |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-humanitarian-pauses-b8fc613ffd8b9351c0dc37b90b6e10dd |access-date=November 13, 2023 |work=Associated Press News |first1=Aamer |last1=Madhani |first2=Zeke |last2=Miller |first3=Ellen |last3=Knickmeyer}}</ref> He also directed the U.S. military to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2024 |title=Biden Ordering US Military to Build Port in Gaza to Facilitate Aid |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/biden-orders-us-military-to-build-port-in-gaza-to-facilitate-aid/7518026.html |access-date=April 29, 2024 |publisher=Voice of America |first=Patsy |last=Widakuswara}}</ref> Biden has said he is a ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Spetalnick |first1=Matt |last2=Mason |first2=Jeff |last3=Holland |first3=Steve |last4=Zengerle |first4=Patricia |date=October 23, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2024 |title='I am a Zionist': How Joe Biden's lifelong bond with Israel shapes war policy |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/i-am-zionist-how-joe-bidens-lifelong-bond-with-israel-shapes-war-policy-2023-10-21/ |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 12, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2024 |title='I am a Zionist,' says Biden at Hanukkah event, promises continued military assistance to Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/biden-were-there-no-israel-there-wouldnt-be-a-jew-in-the-world-who-is-safe/ |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}</ref> He has faced criticism for his unwavering support for Israel. Officials have urged him to take a harder stance against Israel, criticizing his administration's leniency and support despite the Israeli government's contentious offensive, which has led to significant civilian casualties and ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 10, 2024 |title=Biden pressure on Israel not enough, say dissenting US officials |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68773400 |access-date=July 4, 2024 |first=Tom |last=Bateman |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Biden: What's happening in Gaza 'is not genocide' |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/20/biden-gaza-not-genocide-israel-00159020 |newspaper=Politico |first1=Elena |last1=Schneider |first2=Jennifer |last2=Haberkorn |first3=Eli |last3=Stokols |date=May 20, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dozens of former U.S. officials urge Biden to take harder line with Israel |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/dozens-former-us-officials-urge-biden-take-harder-line-with-israel-2024-03-20/ |work=Reuters |date=March 21, 2024}}</ref> | |||
{{#invoke:multiple image|| | |||
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| image1 = March on Washington Free Palestine - 1.jpg | |||
| image2 = 215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023 (53338192232).jpg | |||
| footer = A crowd in ] holding signs protesting the Biden administration's aid to Israel on November 4, 2023 | |||
}} | |||
Following the ] on February 29, 2024, Biden said the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ewing |first=Giselle Ruhiyyih |date=March 2, 2024 |title=Gaza airdrop has begun, Biden says, but more needed |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/02/gaza-aid-airdrop-biden-00144563 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |newspaper=Politico}}</ref> On March 3, the U.S. military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 2024 |title=US military aircraft airdrop thousands of meals into Gaza in emergency humanitarian aid operation |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-gaza-airdrop-humanitarian-assistance-f8bc071193f89906abf21478bc70a084 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |first1=Tara |last1=Copp |first2=Seung |last2=Min Kim}}</ref> Several experts called the U.S. airdrops performative and said they would do little to alleviate the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Airdropping aid is inefficient — so why is the U.S. doing it in Gaza anyway? |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/03/06/1236019060/gaza-israel-airdrop-aid-humanitarian-united-states |publisher=] |date=March 6, 2024 |first1=Ari |last1=Shapiro |first2=Linah |last2=Mohammad |first3=Elena |last3=Burnett}}</ref> | |||
As of May 2024, Biden has continued to support Israel during the course of the war despite significant domestic opposition to American involvement in it and subsequent widespread ]. A March 2024 Gallup poll found that a strong majority of Americans disapproved of Israeli conduct during the war.<ref name="Gallup Inc.">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Majority in U.S. Now Disapprove of Israeli Action in Gaza |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/642695/majority-disapprove-israeli-action-gaza.aspx |access-date=April 3, 2024 |publisher=]}}</ref> It found that 36% approved "of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza" and 55% disapproved.<ref name="Gallup Inc." /> Young Americans have been significantly less supportive of Israel than older generations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 21, 2023 |title=Biden threatened by generation gap on Israel among Democrats, Yahoo News/YouGov poll finds |url=https://news.yahoo.com/biden-threatened-by-generation-gap-on-israel-among-democrats-yahoo-newsyougov-poll-finds-214207467.html |access-date=March 2, 2024 |publisher=] |first=Andrew |last=Romano}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=December 13, 2023 |title=TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/23997305/tiktok-palestine-israel-gaza-war |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=Vox}}</ref> Beginning in April 2024, widespread ], denouncing Biden.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Astor |first=Maggie |date=April 30, 2024 |title=College Democrats Back Protests and Criticize Biden's Israel Policy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-israel-college-protest.html |access-date=May 1, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
On May 31, 2024, Biden announced his support for an Israeli ] proposal, saying that Hamas was "no longer capable" of another large-scale attack.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Berg |first1=Matt |last2=Ward |first2=Alexander | url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/31/hamas-no-longer-poses-major-threat-to-israel-biden-says-00161053 | title=Hamas no longer poses major threat to Israel, Biden says | website=] | date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Khalid |first=Asma | url=https://www.npr.org/2024/05/31/g-s1-2320/biden-israel-hamas-ceasefire-proposal | title=President Biden unveils and endorses details of a new Israeli cease-fire proposal | publisher=] | date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Kanishka | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/whats-new-israel-ceasefire-proposal-biden-announced-2024-05-31/ | title=What's in the new Israel ceasefire proposal Biden announced? | work=] | date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref> The proposal, which would establish a permanent ceasefire, release all hostages, and reconstruct the ], was supported by Hamas officials after mediation by ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Magid |first=Jacob | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/time-for-this-war-to-end-biden-tells-hamas-to-accept-israels-hostage-ceasefire-offer/ | title='Time for this war to end': Biden tells Hamas to accept Israel's hostage-ceasefire offer | website=] | date=June 1, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Mackenzie |first2=James | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-unveils-new-gaza-truce-proposal-hamas-responds-positively-2024-05-31/ | title=Biden details Gaza truce proposal, Hamas responds positively | work=] | date=June 1, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref> The Netanyahu administration responded that Israel's goals regarding "the destruction of Hamas military and governing capabilities" had not changed and that conditions would need to be met before it would agree to a ceasefire.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Benjamin |last2=Tanno |first2=Sophie | url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/01/europe/netenyahu-ceasefire-hamas-contradiction-biden-intl/index.html | title=Netanyahu says no Gaza ceasefire until Israel's war aims are achieved, raising questions over Biden peace proposal | publisher=] | date=June 1, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Berman |first=Lazar | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-official-says-under-ceasefire-proposal-israel-can-renew-fighting-at-any-time-should-hamas-violate-terms/ | title=Israeli official to ToI: Under proposal, Israel can achieve all war goals before permanent ceasefire takes effect | newspaper=] | date=June 1, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Megerian |first2=Chris |last3=Superville |first3=Darlene | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-israel-hamas-58169a607d4a7c4d7fc34f43160076b8/ | title=Biden details a 3-phase hostage deal aimed at winding down the Israel-Hamas war | publisher=] | date=May 31, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024}}</ref> In the first year of the war, it was estimated that the Biden administration had sent Israel at least $17.9 billion in military aid, a record.<ref name="knickmeyer">{{cite news |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |title=US spends a record $17.9 billion on military aid to Israel since last Oct. 7 |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-us-military-spending-8e6e5033f7a1334bf6e35f86e7040e14 |access-date=10 November 2024 |work=] |date=7 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> In about the same period, it sent Palestinians $1.2 billion in humanitarian aid.<ref name="ching-voa">{{cite news |last1=Ching |first1=Nike |title=Blinken announces $135M in additional US aid for Palestinians |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/blinken-announces-135-million-in-additional-us-aid-for-palestinians/7837681.html |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=] |date=24 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
====NATO enlargement==== | |||
Following the ], Biden expressed support for expanding ] to cover ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/biden-discuss-nato-bid-with-swedens-kristersson-2023-07-05/ | title=Biden shows support for Sweden's NATO bid in talks with PM | work=] | date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Mason |first2=Jeff | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-meet-leaders-finland-sweden-nato-expansion-2022-05-19/ | title=Biden cheers Finland, Sweden NATO plans as Turkey balks | work=] | date=May 19, 2022 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> On August 9, 2022, he signed the instruments of ratification stipulating U.S. support for the two countries' entry into NATO.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mason |first1=Jeff |last2=Zengerle |first2=Patricia | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-sign-documents-backing-sweden-finland-nato-2022-08-09/ | title=Biden signs documents of U.S. support for Sweden, Finland to join NATO | work=] | date=August 9, 2022 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 9, 2022 |title=Biden formalizes US support for Finland, Sweden joining NATO |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-nato-biden-finland-6a04422190bdd7e75440f7e176a88109 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |first=Zeke |last=Miller}}</ref> ] occurred on April 4, 2023, but opposition by ] and ] to ] led to a stalemate.<ref>{{cite web |last=John |first=Tara |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/04/europe/finland-joins-nato-intl/index.html | title=Finland joins NATO, doubling military alliance's border with Russia in a blow for Putin | publisher=] | date=April 4, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> Biden led diplomatic talks resulting in formal Swedish ascension into NATO on March 7, 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pettypiece |first1=Shannon |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-meets-heads-finland-sweden-show-support-nato-membership-rcna29621 | title=Biden meets with heads of Finland, Sweden in show of support for NATO membership | publisher=] | date=May 19, 2022 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Min Kim |first1=Seung |last2=Megerian |first2=Chris |last3=Tanner |first3=Jari | url=https://apnews.com/article/president-joe-biden-white-house-nato-finland-716380d2299ccbfcfd73745a8327119a | title=Biden proclaims NATO alliance 'more united than ever' in contrast to predecessor Trump | publisher=] | date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> He has also expressed openness to ] entry into NATO following the end of the conflict,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martinez |first1=A |last2=Khalid |first2=Asma | url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/1186712386/biden-is-in-europe-to-focus-on-u-s-alliances-and-nato-expansion | title=Biden is in Europe to focus on U.S. alliances and NATO expansion | publisher=] | date=July 10, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> supporting an expedited timetable in its ascension and the removal of steps such as the ] typically required for NATO entry.<ref>{{cite web |last=Klein |first=Betsy | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/12/politics/joe-biden-nato-summit-day-2/index.html | title=Assurances that Ukraine's future is in NATO and new security guarantees calm worries at final day of summit | publisher=] | date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Hansler |first2=Jennifer |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/14/politics/ukraine-nato-joe-biden/index.html | title=Biden holding firm on Ukraine joining NATO | publisher=] | date=June 14, 2023 |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> | |||
=== Investigations === | |||
====Retention of classified documents==== | |||
{{Main|Joe Biden classified documents incident}} | |||
On November 2, 2022, while packing files at the ], Biden's attorneys found classified documents dating from his vice presidency in a "locked closet".<ref>{{cite news |last5=Collins |first1=Phil |last1=Mattingly |first2=Evan |last2=Perez |first3=Maegan |last3=Vazquez |first4=Kevin |last4=Liptak |first5=Kaitlan |date=January 11, 2023 |title=Biden's legal team found another batch of classified documents in search of second location |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/11/politics/biden-classified-documents/index.html |access-date=January 12, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="nytbatch1">{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |last3=Thrush |first3=Glenn |last4=Goldman |first4=Adam |date=January 10, 2023 |title=Biden Lawyers Found Classified Material at His Former Office |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/09/us/politics/biden-classified-documents.html |access-date=January 12, 2023 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> According to the White House, the documents were reported that day to the ], which recovered them the next day.<ref name="nytbatch1" /> On November 14, Attorney General ] appointed U.S. attorney ] to conduct an investigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html|title=Timeline of the Biden Documents Case: What We Know So Far|last=Shpigel|first=Ben|date=January 12, 2023|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=January 14, 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114124700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Maureen |last2=Hammond |first2=Elise |last3=Meyer |first3=Matt |last4=Sangal |first4=Aditi |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Garland lays out timeline of investigation into Biden classified documents so far |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113030157/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> On December 20, a second batch of classified documents was discovered in the garage of Biden's ] residence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Second Set of Classified Documents Were Found at Biden's Wilmington Home, White House Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents.html |access-date=January 12, 2023 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> | |||
The findings broke news on January 9, 2023, after ] published an article on the Lausch investigation.<ref name="nytbatch1" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=Adriana |last2=Triay |first2=Andres |last3=Farhi |first3=Arden |date=January 9, 2023 |title=U.S. attorney reviewing documents marked classified from Joe Biden's vice presidency found at Biden think tank |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-center-classified-documents/ |access-date=March 12, 2024 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>Farley, Robert (January 19, 2023). . ''FactCheck.org''.</ref> On January 12, Garland appointed ] as special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records".<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Carrie |date=January 12, 2023 |title=A special counsel will probe government documents at Biden's home and private office |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148425062/special-counsel-biden-classified-documents-robert-hur |access-date=January 12, 2023}}</ref> On January 20, after a 13-hour ] by FBI investigators, six more items with classified markings were recovered from Biden's Wilmington residence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Rogers |first2=Katie |date=January 22, 2023 |title=Investigators Seize More Classified Documents From Biden's Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/21/us/politics/biden-documents.html |access-date=January 22, 2023 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> FBI agents searched Biden's home in ] on February 1 and collected papers and notes from his time as vice president, but did not find any classified information.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/01/fbi-searching-biden-home-in-rehoboth-delaware.html|title=FBI found no classified documents in search of Biden home in Rehoboth, lawyer says|last=Mangan|first=Dan|date=February 1, 2023|publisher=CNBC|access-date=February 16, 2023}}</ref> On February 8, 2024, Hur concluded the special counsel investigation and announced that no charges would be brought against Biden.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Rebecca |last1=Beitsch |first2=Brett |last2=Samuels |date=February 8, 2024 |title=Special counsel finds Biden 'willfully' retained classified documents, no charges filed |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4456524-special-counsel-biden-classified-documents-probe-no-charges/ |newspaper=The Hill |access-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208201505/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4456524-special-counsel-biden-classified-documents-probe-no-charges/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==== Business activities ==== | |||
{{main|United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family}} | |||
{{Further|Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden}} | |||
On January 11, 2023, the ] launched ] into the foreign business activities of Biden's son, ], and brother, ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sforza |first1=Lauren |title=New GOP Oversight chair launches probes into Biden finances, Hunter Biden laptop story |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3808729-new-gop-oversight-chair-asks-treasury-for-biden-family-financial-information/ |work=The Hill |date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112174111/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3808729-new-gop-oversight-chair-asks-treasury-for-biden-family-financial-information/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The committee's chair, Representative ], simultaneously investigated alleged corruption related to the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wolf |first1=Zachary B. |title=Here's what to know about GOP claims of a Biden scandal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/09/politics/hunter-biden-republicans-what-matters/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=June 9, 2023}}</ref> | |||
On September 12, House speaker ] initiated a formal impeachment inquiry against Biden, saying that the recent House investigations "paint a picture of corruption" by Biden and his family.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Farnoush |first2=Amiri |title=Speaker McCarthy directs the House to open an impeachment inquiry into President Biden |url=https://apnews.com/article/mccarthy-biden-impeachment-shutdown-house-republicans-b187202be8814f7acbdd6e2e937e23d4 |work=Associated Press News |access-date=September 12, 2023 |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zanona |first1=Melania |last2=Tablot |first2=Haley |last3=Fox |first3=Lauren |last4=Grayer |first4=Annie |title=McCarthy calls for formal impeachment inquiry into Biden amid pressure from conservatives |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/12/politics/biden-impeachment-house-gop/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=September 12, 2023 |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Cortellessa |first1=Eric |title=McCarthy Lacks the Votes For an Impeachment Inquiry. Trump's Allies Have a Plan to Get Them. |url=https://time.com/6311911/impeachment-biden-marjorie-greene-hunter/#:~:text=Republicans%20have%20only%20a%20slim,after%20a%20full%20House%20vote. |magazine=] |date=September 8, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Griffing |first1=Alex |title='He Doesn't Have Enough Votes': CNN's Manu Raju Explains Why McCarthy Backtracked on Impeachment Vote |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/he-doesnt-have-enough-votes-cnns-manu-raju-says-mccarthy-backtracked-on-impeachment-vote/ |publisher=] |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> Congressional investigations, most notably ], have discovered no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden as of December 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Broadwater |first1=Luke |title=House Republican Report Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by President Biden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/us/politics/hunter-biden-house-republicans-report.html |work=The New York Times |date=May 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Demirjian |first1=Karoun |title=Republicans Are Divided on Impeaching Biden as Panel Begins New Inquiry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/us/republicans-biden-inquiry.html |work=The New York Times |date=July 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How a fight over immunity unraveled Hunter Biden's plea deal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/08/17/hunter-biden-plea-deal/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 17, 2023|first1=Perry |last1=Stein |first2=Devlin |last2=Barrett |first3=Matt |last3=Viser}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Otten |first1=Tori |title=McCarthy Plans Biden Impeachment Inquiry—With No Evidence and Not Enough Votes |url=https://newrepublic.com/post/175504/mccarthy-biden-impeachment-inquiry-no-evidence-not-enough-votes |magazine=The New Republic |date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> On December 13, 2023, the ] voted 221–212 to formalize an ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=Emily |title=Biden impeachment inquiry risks backfiring on House GOP |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4362989-biden-impeachment-inquiry-backfiring-on-house-gop/ |newspaper=The Hill |date=December 17, 2023 |access-date=December 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Diver |first1=Tony |last2=Staff |first2=Our Foreign |date=December 13, 2023 |title=US House votes to open Biden impeachment inquiry |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/12/13/hunter-biden-us-capitol-statement/ |access-date=December 15, 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rebecca Beitsch |first=Emily Brooks |date=December 13, 2023 |title=House formally approves Biden impeachment inquiry |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4358911-biden-impeachment-inquiry-house-gop/ |access-date=December 14, 2023 |newspaper=The Hill}}</ref> | |||
In February 2024, ], a former intelligence ] who was prominent in the bribery allegations against Biden, was charged with ] to the ] (FBI).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Delaney |first=Arthur |date=February 15, 2024 |title=Justice Department Charges FBI Informant With Falsely Alleging Joe Biden Paid Bribes |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alexander-smirnov-joe-biden-bribe_n_65ce83d9e4b043f1c0aa7d26 |access-date=February 15, 2024 |website=HuffPost |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215224018/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alexander-smirnov-joe-biden-bribe_n_65ce83d9e4b043f1c0aa7d26 |url-status=live }}</ref> Smirnov admitted he had publicized a false story given to him by Russian intelligence officials with the goal of damaging Biden's reelection campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rabinowitz |first1=Hannah |date=February 20, 2024 |title=Indicted ex-FBI informant told investigators he got Hunter Biden dirt from Russian intelligence officials |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/20/politics/biden-former-fbi-informant-russian-intelligence/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=February 21, 2024 |archive-date=February 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221020240/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/20/politics/biden-former-fbi-informant-russian-intelligence/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Informant charged with lies about Bidens also claimed Russian contacts, feds say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/02/20/hunter-biden-smirnov-lying-indictment-lowell/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 20, 2024 |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=March 1, 2024 |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302220625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/02/20/hunter-biden-smirnov-lying-indictment-lowell/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |title=Republicans make last-ditch request for Biden to testify as impeachment inquiry winds down |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-impeachment-hunter-biden-comer-f09ba1ae3b7bda703a5a84530f56d70f |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 20, 2024 |access-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513055832/https://apnews.com/article/biden-impeachment-hunter-biden-comer-f09ba1ae3b7bda703a5a84530f56d70f |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
=== Age and health concerns === | |||
{{Main|Age and health concerns about Joe Biden}} | |||
] | |||
Biden is the oldest sitting president in U.S. history. His cognitive health was publicly perceived to have declined by Republicans and media pundits<ref> | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Klein |first=Betsy |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Biden's birthday prompts debate about age and wisdom of America's oldest president |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/20/politics/joe-biden-birthday-81/index.html |access-date=March 30, 2024 |publisher=CNN}} | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=November 19, 2023 |title=For an Aging President, a Birthday With a Bite |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/19/us/politics/biden-birthday-age.html |access-date=March 30, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name = "cbsjuly1age"/> and privately by White House staffers and Democrats. A tight-knit group of select staffers and Biden's family emerged during his presidency that insulated him from others. Biden's staff routinely adapted his schedule and activities to accommodate his needs as he aged and conceal signs of declining cognitive ability. White House staffers took on unusually strong roles as gatekeepers for Biden, limiting meetings with cabinet secretaries, lawmakers, and other officials, and restricting the information made available to him. Events Biden attended were tightly scripted and limited.<ref> | |||
*{{Cite news |date=8 July 2024 |title=How Biden’s Inner Circle Worked to Keep Signs of Aging Under Wraps |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/joe-biden-age-public-election-campaign-343a47bf |work=WSJ}} | |||
*{{Cite news |date=5 July 2024 |title=Biden’s aging is seen as accelerating; lapses described as more common |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/05/biden-aging-recent-months/ |work=The Washington Post}} | |||
*{{Cite news |date=2 July 2024 |title=Biden’s Lapses Are Said to Be Increasingly Common and Worrisome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/02/us/politics/biden-lapses.html |work=NYT}} | |||
*{{Cite news |date=30 July 2024 |title=Top aides shielded Biden from staff, but couldn't hide the debate |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/06/30/top-aides-shielded-biden-white-house-debate |work=Axios}}</ref><ref name = "wsjagedec"/> Public concerns about Biden's mental acuity were amplified and widely covered by the media after a weak performance in a June 2024 presidential debate.<ref name = "cbsjuly1age">{{Cite news |last1=Salvanto |first1=Anthony |last2=Backus |first2=Fred |last3=Pinto |first3=Jennifer De |last4=Khanna |first4=Kabir |date=July 1, 2024 |title=Increasing numbers of voters don't think Biden should be running after debate with Trump — CBS News poll |publisher=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-debate-should-biden-be-running-mental-abilities/ |access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> Biden repeatedly said he was fit for the presidency.<ref> | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Siegel |first=Dr. Marc |title=Should the nation be concerned about Biden's cognitive abilities? |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/591990-should-the-nation-be-concerned-about-bidens-cognitive-abilities/ |newspaper=The Hill}} | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Stolberg |first=Sheryl Gay |date=November 19, 2022 |title=President Biden Is Turning 80. Experts Say Age Is More Than a Number. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/us/politics/biden-age-health.html |access-date=September 13, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}} | |||
*{{Cite news |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher |date=April 25, 2023 |title=How Joe Biden's campaign hopes to overcome his age problem |publisher=]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65389142 |access-date=September 13, 2023}} | |||
*{{Cite news |title=Joe Biden: 'Why the hell would I take a cognitive test?' |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-53671679 |access-date=September 13, 2023}}</ref> | |||
On July 21, 2022, Biden tested positive for ] with reportedly mild symptoms.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wingrove |first1=Josh |last2=Sink |first2=Justin |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Biden Tests Positive for Covid, Has Mild Symptoms, White House Says |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-21/biden-is-positive-for-covid-has-mild-symptoms-white-house-says |access-date=July 21, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="AP News">{{Cite news |date=July 22, 2022|title=Biden tests positive for COVID-19, has 'very mild symptoms' |url=https://apnews.com/article/boris-johnson-biden-covid-health-government-and-politics-fec6b4a56384b1f2bf7582aecb46aa36 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> According to the White House, he was treated with ].<ref name="AP News" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shear |first=Michael |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Biden, 79, is experiencing fatigue, a runny nose and a dry cough after testing positive. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/us/politics/biden-covid-positive.html |access-date=July 21, 2022 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> He worked in isolation in the White House for five days<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Klein |first2=Betsy |last3=Sullivan |first3=Kate |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Biden 'feeling great' and back to work in person after testing negative for Covid-19 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/27/politics/joe-biden-negative-covid-test/index.html |access-date=July 30, 2022 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> and returned to isolation when he tested positive again on July 30.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kevin |last=Liptak |date=July 30, 2022 |title=President Joe Biden tests positive for Covid-19 again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/30/politics/joe-biden-covid-19-positive/index.html |access-date=July 30, 2022 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 30, 2022 |title=Biden tests positive for COVID-19, returns to isolation |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-covid-health-government-and-politics-6ffc64aa1d8d67b074dd8beb67d7cf6f |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |first1=Zeke |last1=Miller |first2=Josh |last2= Boak}}</ref> On July 17, 2024, Biden again tested positive for COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2024 |title=Biden tests positive for Covid-19 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/president-joe-biden-tests-positive-covid-19-rcna162435 |access-date=July 17, 2024 |publisher=] |first1=Lebowitz |last1=Megan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2024 |title=President Joe Biden has tested positive for Covid-19 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/17/politics/joe-biden-tests-positive-covid-19/index.html |access-date=July 17, 2024 |publisher=] |first1=Donald |last1=Judd |first2=Sam |last2=Fossum |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240717221451/https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/17/politics/joe-biden-tests-positive-covid-19/index.html |archive-date = July 17, 2024 |url-status = live}}</ref> Throughout his presidency, White House staffers placed limitations on in-person access to him, ostensibly because of the pandemic.<ref name = "wsjagedec">{{Cite news |date=19 December 2024 |title=How the White House Functioned With a Diminished Biden in Charge |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/biden-white-house-age-function-diminished-3906a839 |work=WSJ}}</ref> | |||
=== 2024 presidential campaign === | |||
{{Main|Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign}} | |||
{{Further|2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate|Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election}} | |||
]]] | |||
Ending months of speculation,<ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/12/13/2024-campaigns-trump-biden-00073548 |title = Why the 2024 Race Is Eerily Quiet|last = Martin |first = Jonathan |work = ]|date = December 13, 2022|accessdate = July 26, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reelection-bid-announcement-after-state-of-the-union-address/ |title = Biden likely to announce 2024 reelection bid not long after State of the Union address |last1 = Cordes |first1 = Nancy |last2 = O'Keefe |first2 = Ed |last3 = Gomez |first3 = Fin |publisher = ]|date = January 19, 2023 |accessdate = July 26, 2023}}</ref> on April 25, 2023, Biden confirmed he would run for reelection as president in the ], with Harris again as his running mate. The campaign launched four years to the day after the start of his ].<ref name="Associated Press">{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Zeke |date=April 25, 2023 |title=Biden announces 2024 reelection bid: 'Let's finish this job' |work=] |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-election-2024-president-democrats-trump-9c72115656855da89a41cac3f79aa65b |accessdate=April 25, 2023}}</ref> On the day of his announcement, a Gallup poll found that Biden's approval rating was 37 percent, with most of those surveyed saying the economy was their biggest concern.<ref name="pollrui">{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey M. |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Biden Begins Reelection Bid at Low Point in His Presidency |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/505202/biden-begins-reelection-bid-low-point-presidency.aspx |accessdate=July 26, 2023 |work=]}}</ref> During his campaign, Biden promoted ] following the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=June 22, 2023 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WH-Bidenomics-Deck-6.22.23.pdf|title=Bidenomics: President Biden and Congressional Democrats' Plan to Grow the Economy from the Bottom Up and Middle Out, Not the Top Down, Is Delivering for the American People |publisher=] |access-date=June 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/eyes-2024-bidenomics-back-campaign-trail-rcna95285 |title=Eyes on 2024: Bidenomics back on the campaign trail |last1=Marquez |first1=Alexandra |last2=Bowman |first2=Bridget |last3=Kamisar |first3=Ben |publisher=] |date=July 20, 2023 |accessdate=July 26, 2023}}</ref> He frequently stated his intention to "finish the job" as a political rallying cry.<ref name="Associated Press" /><ref>{{cite news |title='It's Time to Finish the Job,' Biden Tells Union Workers as He Starts '24 Race|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/20/us/biden-2024-president-election-news#biden-running-2024-president |first=Peter |last=Baker |work=The New York Times|date=April 25, 2023|access-date=January 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lemire |first=Jonathan |date=February 7, 2023 |title=Biden urges GOP lawmakers to 'finish the job' and takes a few swipes at them too |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/07/biden-state-of-the-union-address-2023-00081651 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |work=]}}</ref> | |||
] ] ran against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=John |first1=Arit |last2=McKend |first2=Eva |last3=Pellish |first3=Aaron |title=House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/26/politics/dean-phillips-presidential-campaign-launch/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=4 December 2024 |date=27 October 2023}}</ref> Biden was not on the ballot in the January 23 ], but won it in a write-in campaign with 63.8% of the vote to Phillips's 19.6%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Faircloth |first1=Ryan |title=Minnesota's Dean Phillips loses to President Joe Biden in New Hampshire's Democratic primary |url=https://www.startribune.com/dean-phillips-seeks-to-shock-democrats-country-in-tuesdays-new-hampshire-presidential-primary/600337784 |publisher=The Minnesota Star Tribune |access-date=December 4, 2024 |date=January 24, 2024}}</ref> He had wanted South Carolina to be the first primary, and ] with 96.2% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=South Carolina Democratic Primary Results |work=The New York Times |date=February 3, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/02/03/us/elections/results-south-carolina-democratic-primary.html |access-date=February 4, 2024}}</ref> Biden received 89.3% of the vote in ] and 81.1% of the vote in ], with "none of these candidates" and "uncommitted" coming in second in each state, respectively. On March 5 ("Super Tuesday"), he won 15 of 16 primaries, netting 80% or more of the vote in 13 of them.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/results/2024/03/05/super-tuesday/ |newspaper=Washington Post |title=Super Tuesday: Election Results 2024 |date=5 May 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/05/us/elections/results-super-tuesday-key-races.html |title=Super Tuesday Results: Key Races to Watch |access-date=13 August 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 5, 2024}}</ref> On March 6, Phillips suspended his campaign and endorsed Biden.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2024 |title=Dean Phillips ends presidential campaign and endorses Biden|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/dean-phillips-ends-presidential-campaign-rcna142091 |access-date=December 4, 2024 |publisher=NBC News |author1=Shabad, Rebecca |author2=Egwuonwu, Nnamdi}}</ref> On March 12, Biden reached more than the 1,968 delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination, becoming the presumptive nominee.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schneider|first=Elena|title=Biden officially clinches Democratic nomination for president|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/12/biden-cllinches-democratic-presidential-nomination-00146648 |access-date=13 August 2024 |newspaper=Politico|date=March 12, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2024 |title=How Biden won enough delegates for another Democratic presidential nomination |first1=Robert |last1=Yoon |first2=Maya |last2=Sweedler |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-democrats-nomination-president-delegate-34a06d45d909c077fbeed17014f92986 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> | |||
The ] was held on June 27, 2024, between Biden and Trump. Biden's performance was widely criticized, with commentators saying he frequently lost his train of thought and gave meandering answers.<ref name="reuters-biden-debate">{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Reid |first2=Tim |last3=Morgan |first3=David |title=Biden acknowledges age, bad debate performance but vows to beat Trump |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democrats-scramble-limit-damage-after-bidens-wobbly-debate-showing-against-trump-2024-06-28/ |work=Reuters |date=29 June 2024 |access-date=June 29, 2024}}</ref><ref name="apjune27">{{Cite news |date=June 27, 2024 |title=A halting Biden tries to confront Trump at debate but stirs Democratic panic about his candidacy |first1=Zeke |last1=Miller |first2=Michelle L. |last2=Price |first3=Will |last3=Weissert |first4=Bill |last4=Barrow |first5=Darlene |last5=Superville |url=https://apnews.com/article/bidentrumppresidentialdebate-0e7577e9a354a69f50675494fea54ca9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628073822/https://apnews.com/article/bidentrumppresidentialdebate-0e7577e9a354a69f50675494fea54ca9 |archive-date=June 28, 2024 |access-date=June 28, 2024 |work=Associated Press News}}</ref><ref name="PoliticoJune28Dems">{{Cite news |last1=Kashinsky |first1=Lisa |last2=Cancryn |first2=Adam |last3=Daniels |first3=Eugene |date=June 28, 2024 |title=Dems freak out over Biden's debate performance: 'Biden is toast' |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/27/biden-debate-opening-concerns-00165595 |access-date=June 28, 2024 |newspaper=Politico |archive-date=June 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628024715/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/27/biden-debate-opening-concerns-00165595 |url-status=live }}</ref> Several newspaper columnists declared Trump the winner,<ref name="worst" >{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Jeff|title=The Worst Debate Performance in American History|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/06/28/worst-debate-performance-history-opinion-00165686|newspaper=Politico|date=June 28, 2024|access-date=June 28, 2024|archive-date=June 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628202227/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/06/28/worst-debate-performance-history-opinion-00165686|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rappeport|first=Alan|title=Who Won the Debate? Biden Stumbles Left Trump on Top|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/27/us/politics/biden-trump-debate-who-won.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 27, 2024|access-date=June 28, 2024|archive-date=June 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230244/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/27/us/politics/biden-trump-debate-who-won.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Potas|first=Dace|title=Republicans deserve the version of Trump we saw during the debate. Too bad it won't last.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2024/06/28/trump-won-debate-biden-failed/74241366007/|newspaper=USA Today|date=June 28, 2024|access-date=June 28, 2024|archive-date=June 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230346/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2024/06/28/trump-won-debate-biden-failed/74241366007/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Prokop|first=Andrew|title=2 winners and 2 losers from the first Biden-Trump debate|url=https://www.vox.com/politics/357788/biden-trump-debate-winners-losers|website=Vox|date=June 28, 2024|access-date=June 28, 2024|archive-date=June 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628151404/https://www.vox.com/politics/357788/biden-trump-debate-winners-losers|url-status=live}}</ref> and polling indicated the majority of debate watchers believed Trump won.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-trump-june-debate-poll/|title=Who Won The First Biden-Trump Presidential Debate? |first1=Aaron |last1=Bycoffe |first2=Amina |last2=Brown |first3=Nathaniel |last3=Rakich|website=]|date=June 28, 2024|accessdate=June 28, 2024|archive-date=June 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627224514/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-trump-june-debate-poll/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the debate raised questions about ], Biden faced calls to withdraw from the race, including from ]<ref name="nbc-biden-step-down">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |title=Some Democrats start calling for Biden to step aside and 'throw in the towel' on 2024 |date=June 28, 2024 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/democrats-biden-step-aside-throw-towel-2024-rcna159368 |publisher=NBC News |access-date=June 29, 2024}}</ref> and the ] of several major news outlets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=June 28, 2024 |title=To Serve His Country, President Biden Should Leave the Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/opinion/biden-election-debate-trump.html |access-date=June 28, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628220351/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/opinion/biden-election-debate-trump.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2024 |title=These major media outlets have called for Biden to drop out |first=Nick |last=Robertson |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/4748637-biden-debate-step-aside-newspapers/ |access-date=July 1, 2024 |newspaper=The Hill}}</ref> | |||
] meet in the ] as part of the ] on November 13, 2024]] | |||
Biden initially insisted that he would remain a candidate,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/07/03/nx-s1-5028147/biden-presidential-race|title='I'm in this race to the end,' Biden tells campaign staffers|first1=Tamara|last1=Keith|first2=Deepa|last2=Shivaram|work=NPR|date=July 3, 2024|accessdate=July 3, 2024}}</ref> but on July 21, he withdrew his candidacy, writing that this was "in the best interest of my party and the country".<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=JoeBiden |number=1815080881981190320 |access-date=13 August 2024 |title=My Fellow Americans |date=July 21, 2024 |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. Jr.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wynder |first1=Ehren |last2=Schrader |first2=Adam |date=July 21, 2024 |title=Biden ends his presidential re-election campaign |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/07/21/biden-ends-2024-presidential-campaign/3971721584879 |access-date=July 21, 2024 |publisher=United Press International}}</ref> He endorsed Harris as his successor.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=JoeBiden |number=1815087772216303933|title=My fellow Democrats, I have decided not to accept the nomination and to focus all my energies on my duties as President for the remainder of my term. My very first decision as the party nominee in 2020 was to pick Kamala Harris as my Vice President. And it's been the best decision I've made. Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year. Democrats — it's time to come together and beat Trump. Let's do this. |date=July 21, 2024 |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. Jr.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=July 21, 2024 |title=Live Updates: Biden Drops Out of Presidential Race, Endorses Harris |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/07/21/us/trump-biden-election |access-date=July 21, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> His announcement came 29 days before the beginning of the ].<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Jeff |last2=Renshaw |first2=Jarrett |last3=Singh |first3=Kanishka |title=Biden drops reelection bid, backs Harris to top Democratic ticket |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-81-pulls-out-presidential-race-2024-07-21/ |access-date=July 21, 2024 |publisher=Reuters |date=July 21, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Schrader |first1=Adam |last2=Moran |first2=Mark |date=July 21, 2024 |title=Biden drops out of presidential race, endorses Harris |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/07/21/biden-endorses-harris-president-2024/1071721586809 |access-date=July 21, 2024 |publisher=United Press International}}</ref> On August 6, 2024, Harris was confirmed as the Democratic presidential nominee after securing 99% of the delegates in a virtual roll call vote.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Oren |last1=Oppenheim |first2=Brittany |last2=Shepherd |first3=Isabella |last3=Murray |title=Kamala Harris certified as Democratic presidential nominee after earning majority of roll call votes |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/kamala-harris-nominee-DNC-majority-democratic-roll-call-votes/story?id=112580918 |access-date=August 19, 2024 |publisher=ABC News}}</ref> This was the first time an eligible incumbent had declined to run for reelection since ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montanaro |first1=Domenico |title=6 political takeaways from Biden's decision to step aside |date=July 22, 2024 |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/07/22/nx-s1-5048115/biden-harris-drop-out-election-analysis |publisher=NPR |access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In the general election, Trump defeated Harris, flipping six states Biden had won in 2020. The Senate ] for the first time since 2018. In a nationally televised speech after the election, Biden congratulated Trump and promised a "peaceful and orderly" transition of power.<ref>. ]. November 7, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.</ref> | |||
== Political positions == | |||
{{Main|Political positions of Joe Biden}} | |||
] (right) being introduced to President Obama by Joe Biden, March 2009. U.S. ambassador to Russia ] is pictured in the background.|alt=Photo of Obama, Biden and Gorbachev smiling at each other]] | |||
] (left) meets Joe Biden at the White House, September 2015.]] | |||
As a senator, Biden was regarded as a ].<ref>{{Cite web |first=John |last=Kruzel |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2019/may/06/joe-biden/joe-biden-claims-he-was-staunch-liberal-senate-he-/ |date=May 6, 2019 |title=Joe Biden claims he was a staunch liberal in the Senate. He wasn't |publisher=] |access-date=May 6, 2019 |archive-date=May 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506170707/https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2019/may/06/joe-biden/joe-biden-claims-he-was-staunch-liberal-senate-he-/ |url-status=live}}</ref> As a presidential nominee, Biden's platform had been called the most progressive of any major party platform in history, although not within his party's ideological vanguard.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Louis |last=Jacobson |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/17/barack-obama/joe-bidens-platform-progressive-obama-says/|date=April 17, 2020 |title=Is Joe Biden's platform as progressive as Obama says? |publisher=]}}</ref> Biden says his positions are deeply influenced by ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lamport |first=Mark |title=The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Contemporary Christianity in the United States |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2022 |isbn=9781538138816 |pages=113}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rocca |first=Francis X. |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Can Catholic Social Teaching Unite a Divided America? |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-catholic-social-teaching-unite-a-divided-america-11612540382 |access-date=September 28, 2023 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Dowd |first=Niall |author-link=Niall O'Dowd |date=April 30, 2021 |title=Joe Biden's Catholic social teaching central to his presidency |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/niallodowd/joe-bidens-catholic-social-teaching-central-presidency |access-date=September 28, 2023 |website=IrishCentral}}</ref> | |||
According to political scientist Carlo Invernizzi Accetti, "it has become second nature to describe his politics with such ready-made labels as centrist or moderate."<ref name="Foreign Policy">{{Cite magazine |last=Accetti |first=Carlo Invernizzi |date=March 16, 2020 |title=Joe Biden Isn't a Liberal or a Moderate. He's a Christian Democrat. |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/16/joe-biden-election-liberal-moderate-christian-democrat/ |access-date=October 20, 2023 |magazine=Foreign Policy}}</ref> Accetti says that Biden represents an Americanized form of ], taking positions characteristic of both the ] and ].<ref name="Foreign Policy" /> Biden has cited the Catholic philosopher ], credited with starting the Christian democratic movement, as immensely influential in his thinking.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cairns |first=Madoc |date=May 3, 2023 |title=The Red Christian |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2023/05/red-christian-democracy-history-philosophy |access-date=October 20, 2023 |magazine=New Statesman}}</ref> Other analysts have likened his ideology to traditional ], "a doctrine of liberty, equality, justice and individual rights that relies, in the modern age, on a strong federal government for enforcement".<ref name="Greenberg">{{cite news|last=Greenberg|first=David|date=September 12, 2019|title=The danger of confusing liberals and leftists|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/12/stop-calling-bernie-sanders-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-liberals/|access-date=August 6, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref name="Broich">{{cite web|url=https://www.salon.com/2019/08/04/the-difference-between-left-and-liberal-and-why-voters-need-to-know_partner/|title=The difference between "left" and "liberal" — and why voters need to know|last=Broich|first=John|website=]|date=August 4, 2019}}</ref> Such analysts distinguish liberals, who believe in a regulated ], from ], who believe in greater ] or a ].<ref name="Greenberg" /><ref name="Broich" /> In 2022, journalist ] wrote that Biden's "most valuable political skill" was "an innate compass for the ever-shifting mainstream of the Democratic Party".<ref>{{cite news |last=Issenberg |first=Sasha |date=May 6, 2022 |title=How Same-Sex Marriage Shaped Joe Biden |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/05/06/joe-biden-gay-marriage-00030367 |access-date=May 6, 2022 |newspaper=]}}</ref> | |||
Biden has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the ], saying that doing so would not hurt businesses' ability to hire.<ref>{{cite news|first=Joseph|last=Zeballos-Roig|date=September 11, 2020|title=Joe Biden pledges to roll back Trump's corporate tax cuts on 'day one,' saying it won't hurt businesses' ability to hire|work=]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-trumps-tax-cuts-day-one-presidency-economy-2020-9|access-date=November 13, 2020|archive-date=November 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122232506/https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-trumps-tax-cuts-day-one-presidency-economy-2020-9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Megan|last=Henney|date=June 30, 2020|title=Biden pledges to roll back Trump's tax cuts: 'A lot of you may not like that'|agency=]|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/biden-pledges-to-undo-trumps-tax-cuts-a-lot-of-you-may-not-like-that|access-date=November 13, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112205316/https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/biden-pledges-to-undo-trumps-tax-cuts-a-lot-of-you-may-not-like-that|url-status=live}}</ref> He supported raising the corporate tax only up to 28% from the 21% established in the 2017 bill, not back to 35%, the corporate tax rate until 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adam N. |last=Michel |date=March 9, 2023 |url=https://www.cato.org/blog/8-biggest-tax-increases-bidens-budget |access-date=May 13, 2023 |publisher=] |title=The 8 Biggest Tax Increases in Biden's Budget}}</ref> He voted for the ] (NAFTA).<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |title=Final Senate Vote on NAFTA |publisher=] |url=https://www.citizen.org/print_article.cfm?ID=15960 |access-date=August 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608182639/https://www.citizen.org/print_article.cfm?ID=15960 |archive-date=June 8, 2008}}</ref> as well as the ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Lillis |date=January 28, 2016 |title=Biden coaxes Dems on Obama trade deal |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/267420-biden-coaxes-dems-on-obama-trade-deal |newspaper=] |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107075246/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/267420-biden-coaxes-dems-on-obama-trade-deal |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden is a staunch supporter of the ] (ACA).<ref name="ACA203">{{cite news|first=Dan|last=Diamond|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=August 26, 2021|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/15/joe-biden-health-care-plan-1415850|title=Biden unveils health care plan: Affordable Care Act 2.0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083823/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/15/joe-biden-health-care-plan-1415850|archive-date=January 3, 2021|newspaper=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Bill|last=Barrow|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=August 26, 2021|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-aggressively-defends-the-affordable-care-act|title=Biden aggressively defends the Affordable Care Act|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083902/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-aggressively-defends-the-affordable-care-act|archive-date=January 3, 2021|agency=]|publisher=]}}</ref> He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts.<ref name="ACA203" /> Biden's plan aims to expand ] to 97% of Americans, including by creating a ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Scott |first=Dylan |date=August 20, 2020 |title=Joe Biden has a chance to finish the work of Obamacare |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/8/20/21372511/joe-biden-obamacare-health-care-plan|access-date=November 27, 2020 |website=] |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105044015/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/8/20/21372511/joe-biden-obamacare-health-care-plan |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Biden did not support national ] rights while in the Senate and voted for the ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll Call Votes 104th Congress – 2nd Session |date=September 10, 1996 |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1042/vote_104_2_00280.htm |access-date=May 13, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref> but opposed proposals for constitutional amendments that would have banned same-sex marriage nationwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll Call Vote 109th Congress – 2nd Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1092/vote_109_2_00163.htm |date=June 7, 2006 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref> Biden has supported same-sex marriage since 2012.<ref name="NYT Biden Evolution on LGBTQ" /><ref>{{cite news |date=May 6, 2012|title=May 6: Joe Biden, Kelly Ayotte, Diane Swonk, Tom Brokaw, Chuck Todd |publisher=] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna47311900 |access-date=April 5, 2013 |archive-date=April 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405045344/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/47311900/ns/meet_the_press-transcripts/t/may-joe-biden-kelly-ayotte-diane-swonk-tom-brokaw-chuck-todd/ |url-status=live}}</ref> As a senator, Biden forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a ] measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kranish |first=Michael |date=June 9, 2020 |title=Joe Biden let police groups write his crime bill. Now, his agenda has changed.|newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/joe-biden-let-police-groups-write-his-crime-bill-now-his-agenda-has-changed/2020/06/08/82ab969e-a434-11ea-8681-7d471bf20207_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112174038/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/joe-biden-let-police-groups-write-his-crime-bill-now-his-agenda-has-changed/2020/06/08/82ab969e-a434-11ea-8681-7d471bf20207_story.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=McDermott|first1=Nathan|last2=Steck|first2=Em|date=June 10, 2020|title=Biden repeatedly pushed bill in Senate that critics said would have made investigating police officers for misconduct more difficult|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/10/politics/biden-senate-police-officers-kfile/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116122904/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/10/politics/biden-senate-police-officers-kfile/index.html|archive-date=November 16, 2020|access-date=November 13, 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref> In 2020, Biden also ran on decriminalizing ],<ref>{{cite web |date=December 28, 2020 |title=President-Elect Joe Biden and the Future of Cannabis Policy in America |first=Whitt |last=Steineker |publisher=] |url=https://www.bradley.com/insights/publications/2020/12/president-elect-joe-biden-and-the-future-of-cannabis-policy-in-america |access-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-date=February 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217144322/https://www.bradley.com/insights/publications/2020/12/president-elect-joe-biden-and-the-future-of-cannabis-policy-in-america |url-status=dead }}</ref> after advocating harsher penalties for drug use as a U.S. senator.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 9, 1982 |title=U.S. Plans A New Drive On Narcotics |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/09/us/us-plans-a-new-drive-on-narcotics.html |first=Leslie |last=Maitland |access-date=August 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Democratic Response to Drug Policy Address |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?8997-1/democratic-response-drug-policy-address |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=C-SPAN.org}}</ref> | |||
Biden believes action must be taken on ]. As a senator, he co-sponsored the ], the most stringent climate bill in the ].<ref>{{cite magazine|date=January 3, 2008|title=A look at the environmental record of Joe Biden, Barack Obama's running mate|magazine=]|url=https://grist.org/article/biden_factsheet/|access-date=May 4, 2008|archive-date=May 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526083021/https://www.grist.org/article/biden_factsheet/|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden supports ]. According to a report from the ], he broke several records in this domain.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden reached conservation records in 2023 |url=https://westernpriorities.org/2023/12/biden-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |website=Center for Western Priorities |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=January 31, 2024}}</ref> He took steps to protect ]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aratani |first1=Lauren |title=Joe Biden plans to ban logging in US old-growth forests in 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/19/biden-forest-logging-ban-old-trees |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=December 19, 2023}}</ref> Biden opposes drilling for oil in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Candidates views on ANWR, The Democrats |url=https://www.anwr.org/Politics/Presidential-Candidates-views-on-ANWR-The-Democrats.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807162357/https://www.anwr.org/Politics/Presidential-Candidates-views-on-ANWR-The-Democrats.php |archive-date=August 7, 2008 |access-date=August 25, 2008 |publisher=]}}</ref> He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carr|first1=Bob|date=September 2, 2020|title=Joe Biden's bold climate policies would leave Australia behind|newspaper=]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/02/joe-bidens-bold-climate-policies-would-leave-australia-behind|access-date=September 21, 2020|archive-date=September 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921170525/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/02/joe-bidens-bold-climate-policies-would-leave-australia-behind|url-status=live}}</ref> His program includes reentering the ], ] and more.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moore |first1=Elena |date=October 16, 2020 |title=Trump's And Biden's Plans For The Environment |publisher=] |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/920484187/trumps-and-biden-s-plans-for-the-environment |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030113807/https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/920484187/trumps-and-biden-s-plans-for-the-environment |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden supports ], including ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rice |first1=Doyle |last2=Voyles Pulver |first2=Dinah |title=Biden Administration announces first-ever Ocean Justice Strategy. What's that? |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/07/biden-administration-announces-an-ocean-justice-strategy/71840427007/ |access-date=December 18, 2023 |newspaper=USA Today |date=December 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=OCEAN JUSTICE STRATEGY |date=December 2023 |publisher=OCEAN POLICY COMMITTEE |page=23 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Ocean-Justice-Strategy.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2023}}</ref> A major step is increasing ], ] and ] in low-income houses for mitigate climate change, reduce costs, improve health and safety.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joselow |first1=Maxine |title=Biden announces new fund to help low-income housing get climate upgrades |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/05/11/hud-climate-housing-program/ |access-date=May 14, 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 11, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Higgins |first1=Marisa |title=Biden Administration Allocates $830 Million in Energy-Efficient Low-Income Housing |url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2023/05/biden-administration-invests-over-830-million-in-energy-efficient-low-income-housing/ |website=Environmental + Energy leader |date=May 12, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622164907/https://www.environmentalleader.com/2023/05/biden-administration-invests-over-830-million-in-energy-efficient-low-income-housing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biden has called global temperature rise above the 1.5 degree limit the "only existential threat humanity faces even more frightening than a nuclear war".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clifford |first1=Catherine |title=Biden says global warming topping 1.5 degrees in the next 10 to 20 years is scarier than nuclear war |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/11/biden-global-warming-even-more-frightening-than-nuclear-war.html |access-date=October 27, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |date=September 11, 2023}}</ref> Despite his clean energy policies and congressional Republicans characterizing them as a "War on American Energy", domestic oil production reached a record high in October 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borenstein |first1=Seth |title=US oil production hits all-time high, conflicting with efforts to cut heat-trapping pollution |url=https://apnews.com/article/oil-fossil-fuels-climate-change-biden-df27160fc81f28d21fbf1fc5575b77bc |work=Associated Press News |date=October 20, 2023}}</ref> | |||
Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China, calling it the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges to the United States' "prosperity, security, and democratic values".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Why America Must Lead Again |last=Biden |first=Joseph R. Jr. |magazine=] |date=January 23, 2020 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-01-23/why-america-must-lead-again}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks by President Biden on America's Place in the World |publisher=] |date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=February 6, 2021 |url= https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/02/04/remarks-by-president-biden-on-americas-place-in-the-world/}}</ref> Biden has spoken about human rights abuses in the ] region to the ] leader ], pledging to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edward |first1=Wong |last2=Crawley |first2=Michael |last3=Swanson |first3=Ana |date=September 6, 2020 |title=Joe Biden's China Journey |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/06/us/politics/biden-china.html|access-date=November 13, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112163033/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/06/us/politics/biden-china.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Peter |last1=Martin |first2=Saleha |last2=Mohsin |first3=Nick |last3=Wadhams |first4=Jenny |last4=Leonard |title=President Biden Raises Human Rights and Trade Concerns in First Call With China's Xi |url=https://time.com/5938307/biden-xi-china-first-call/ |magazine=] |date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 8, 2021}}</ref> Biden has said he is against ] but is for providing non-military support to opposition movements.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 6, 2020 |access-date=August 26, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/politics/joe-biden-foreign-policy.html |title=Foreign Policy, Joseph R. Biden Jr. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811235654/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/politics/joe-biden-foreign-policy.html |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |newspaper=]}}</ref> He opposed direct U.S. ],<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Baker |date=October 9, 2015 |access-date=August 26, 2021|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/10/us/politics/a-biden-run-would-expose-foreign-policy-differences-with-hillary-clinton.html |title=A Biden Run Would Expose Foreign Policy Differences With Hillary Clinton |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223923/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/10/us/politics/a-biden-run-would-expose-foreign-policy-differences-with-hillary-clinton.html|archive-date=December 16, 2020|newspaper=]}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times-2" /> voted against U.S. participation in the ],<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Wehner |title=Biden Was Wrong On the Cold War|newspaper=]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122049148440397625 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006022121/https://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/SB122049148440397625.html |date=September 4, 2008 |archive-date=October 6, 2008|access-date=August 26, 2021}}</ref> voted in favor of the ],<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert |last=Farley |date=September 10, 2019|title=Biden's Record on Iraq War |publisher=] |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/09/bidens-record-on-iraq-war/|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107172331/https://www.factcheck.org/2019/09/bidens-record-on-iraq-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> and supports a ] in the ].<ref>{{cite news|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=August 26, 2021|url= https://www.jta.org/2019/12/12/united-states/where-does-joe-biden-stand-on-anti-semitism-israel-and-other-issues-that-matter-to-jewish-voters-in-2020|title=Where does Joe Biden stand on anti-Semitism, Israel and other issues that matter to Jewish voters in 2020?|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111070241/https://www.jta.org/2019/12/12/united-states/where-does-joe-biden-stand-on-anti-semitism-israel-and-other-issues-that-matter-to-jewish-voters-in-2020|archive-date=January 11, 2021|publisher=]}}</ref> Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the ] and to reevaluate the ] with ].<ref name="foreign-policy2">{{cite magazine|title=The Democratic candidates on foreign policy|magazine=]|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/|archive-date=June 16, 2020|access-date=August 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616084737/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Biden supports extending the ] arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of ]s deployed by both sides.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Jonathan|last1=Landay|first2=Arshad|last2=Mohammed |title=Biden urged to extend U.S.-Russia arms treaty for full 5 years without conditions |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-biden-armscontrol-idUSKBN2852Y0 |work=] |date=November 25, 2020 |access-date=August 26, 2021 |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512204150/https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-biden-armscontrol-idUSKBN2852Y0 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pifer |first1=Steven |title=Reviving nuclear arms control under Biden |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/12/01/reviving-nuclear-arms-control-under-biden/ |publisher=] |date=December 1, 2020 |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201173216/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/12/01/reviving-nuclear-arms-control-under-biden/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Biden officially ] the ], becoming the first U.S. president to do so.<ref>{{cite news|first=Kevin|last=Liptak|title=Biden officially recognizes the massacre of Armenians in World War I as a genocide|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/24/politics/armenian-genocide-biden-erdogan-turkey/index.html|publisher=]|date=April 24, 2021|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref>{{efn|In 1981, President ] referred to the Armenian genocide in passing in a statement regarding ], but never made a formal declaration recognizing it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Biden becomes first US president to recognise Armenian genocide |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/24/joe-biden-armenian-genocide-recognition |newspaper=The Observer |access-date=February 27, 2023 |date=April 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |date=April 24, 2021 |title=Analysis {{!}} Biden goes where his predecessors wouldn't in recognizing Armenian genocide |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/22/bidens-bold-move-recognize-armenian-genocide/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 27, 2023}}</ref>}} | |||
Biden has supported ] throughout his presidency, though he personally opposes abortion because of his Catholic faith.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collins |first1=Michael |last2=Jackson |first2=David |title=Abortion shapes Joe Biden's and Donald Trump's legacies. It may help one of them win reelection. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/04/13/abortion-joe-biden-donald-trumps-legacies-reelection/73121953007/ |website=USA Today |access-date=April 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Quinn |first1=Melissa |title=Biden says he's "not big on abortion" because of Catholic faith, but Roe "got it right" – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/joe-biden-abortion-catholic-faith-roe-v-wade-got-it-right/ |publisher=CBS News |access-date=April 16, 2024 |date=June 28, 2023}}</ref> In 2019, he said he supported '']'' and repealing the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lerer|first=Lisa|date=March 29, 2019|title=When Joe Biden Voted to Let States Overturn Roe v. Wade|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/us/politics/biden-abortion-rights.html|access-date=August 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806121254/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/us/politics/biden-abortion-rights.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Siders |first=Dave |date=June 22, 2019 |title=Biden calls for enshrining Roe v. Wade in federal law |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/22/biden-roe-v-wade-2020-1376712 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402175549/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/22/biden-roe-v-wade-2020-1376712 |archive-date=April 2, 2020 |access-date=April 19, 2020 |newspaper=]}}</ref> After '']'', he criticized ] passed in a majority of ]-controlled states,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leonhardt |first=David |date=April 6, 2023 |title=The Power and Limits of Abortion Politics |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/06/world/wisconsin-chicago-elections-abortion.html |access-date=April 7, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |quote=After the Supreme Court overturned Roe last June and allowed states to ban abortion, more than a dozen quickly imposed tight restrictions. Today, abortion is largely illegal in most of red America, even though polls suggest many voters in these states support at least some access.}}</ref> and took measures to protect ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Biden calls out abortion by name and skewers 'extreme' bans in State of the Union address |url=https://19thnews.org/2023/02/biden-abortion-state-of-the-union/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |agency=The 19th}}</ref> He has vowed to sign a bill codifying the protections of ''Roe'' into federal law; such a bill passed the House in 2022, but was unable to clear the Senate filibuster.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kinery |first=Emma |title=Biden promises to codify Roe if two more Democrats are elected to the Senate |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/23/biden-promises-to-codify-roe-if-two-more-democrats-are-elected-to-the-senate.html |access-date=May 13, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |date=September 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hutzler |first=Alexandra |title=House passes bills to codify Roe, protect interstate travel for abortion |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-vote-codifying-abortion-rights-travel-protections/story?id=86884239 |date=July 15, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |agency=ABC News}}</ref> | |||
== Public image == | |||
{{Main|Public image of Joe Biden}} | |||
Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy ],<ref>{{cite news|last=Wallsten|first=Peter|date=August 24, 2008|title=Demographics part of calculation: Biden adds experience, yes, but he could also help with Catholics, blue-collar whites and women|newspaper=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-assess24-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515025410/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-24-na-assess24-story.html|archive-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Broder|first=John M.|date=September 13, 2008|title=Biden Releases Tax Returns, in Part to Pressure Rivals|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/13/us/politics/13biden.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425024153/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/13/us/politics/13biden.html|archive-date=April 25, 2011}}</ref> which he attributed to having been elected young.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mooney|first=Alexander|date=September 12, 2008|title=Biden tax returns revealed|publisher=]|url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/12/biden-tax-returns-revealed/|url-status=dead|access-date=September 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913001912/https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/12/biden-tax-returns-revealed/|archive-date=September 13, 2008}}</ref> Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed ] measures during his first term.<ref name="cby-44" /> {{As of|2009|November}}, Biden's net worth was $27,012.<ref>{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Montopoli|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/237-millionaires-in-congress/|title=237 Millionaires in Congress|publisher=]|date=November 6, 2009|access-date=August 25, 2021|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818145713/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/237-millionaires-in-congress/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2020|November|alt=By November 2020}}, the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden's books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 7, 2020|access-date=August 25, 2021|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-net-worth-lifestyle-real-estate-family-wealth-assets-2020-1|title=President-elect Joe Biden just turned 78. Here's how he went from 'Middle-Class Joe' to millionaire.|first=Taylor|last=Borden|website=]|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319163402/https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-net-worth-lifestyle-real-estate-family-wealth-assets-2020-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2019/08/28/joe-bidens-net-worth-how-the-2020-presidential-candidate-built-a-9-million-fortune/|title=Here's How Much 2020 Presidential Candidate Joe Biden Is Worth|first=Michela|last=Tindera|date=August 28, 2019|access-date=August 24, 2021|magazine=]|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319162048/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2019/08/28/joe-bidens-net-worth-how-the-2020-presidential-candidate-built-a-9-million-fortune/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Political columnist ] wrote that Biden has grown over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much, much better."<ref name="watn020109" /> Journalist ] has written that "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself".<ref name="nytm-traub" /> In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been noted for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Baldoni|first=John|title=How Empathy Defines Joe Biden|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnbaldoni/2020/08/20/how-empathy-defines-joe-biden/|date=August 20, 2020|access-date=March 17, 2021|magazine=]|archive-date=June 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618172934/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnbaldoni/2020/08/20/how-empathy-defines-joe-biden/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nagle|first=Molly|date=December 19, 2020|title=Nearly 50 years after death of wife and daughter, empathy remains at Joe Biden's core|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/50-years-death-wife-daughter-empathy-remains-joe/story?id=74814251|access-date=March 17, 2021|agency=]|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302080416/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/50-years-death-wife-daughter-empathy-remains-joe/story?id=74814251|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, ] wrote that his presidential campaign aimed to make him "healer-in-chief", while '']'' described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glueck|first1=Katie|last2=Flegenheimer|first2=Matt|date=June 11, 2020|title=Joe Biden, Emissary of Grief|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/politics/joe-biden-funeral-speech.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611071047/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/politics/joe-biden-funeral-speech.html |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=March 17, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
Journalist and TV anchor ] has called Biden loquacious;<ref>{{cite news|date=January 12, 2006|title=Transcripts|work=]|publisher=CNN|url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0601/12/sitroom.01.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719103425/https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0601/12/sitroom.01.html|archive-date=July 19, 2008}}</ref> journalist Mark Bowden has said that he is famous for "talking too much", leaning in close "like an old pal with something urgent to tell you".<ref name="The Atlantic" /> He often deviates from prepared remarks,<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Ben|date=December 2, 2008|title=Biden, enemy of the prepared remarks|newspaper=]|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2008/12/biden-enemy-of-the-prepared-remarks-014500|url-status=live|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911131530/https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2008/12/biden-enemy-of-the-prepared-remarks-014500|archive-date=September 11, 2015}}</ref> and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth".<ref name="nyt-no2" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Tapper|first=Jake|author-link=Jake Tapper|date=January 31, 2007|title=A Biden Problem: Foot in Mouth|agency=]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=2838420|url-status=live|access-date=September 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827211803/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=2838420|archive-date=August 27, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Halperin|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Halperin|date=August 23, 2008|title=Halperin on Biden: Pros and Cons|magazine=]|url=https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1835480,00.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722092813/https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1835480,00.html|archive-date=July 22, 2014}}</ref> Biden has a reputation for being prone to ],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/joe-biden-news-joe-biden-gaffe-joe-biden-speech-mistakes-watch-joe-biden-in-latest-gaffe-has-two-words-to-say-made-in-america-101665383434183.html |access-date=August 23, 2023 |newspaper=] |first=Mallika |last=Bhagat |title=Watch: Joe Biden's latest gaffe- a rocky start and a counting problem |quote='Let me start off with two words: Made in America' |date=October 10, 2022}}</ref> and in 2018 called himself "a gaffe machine".<ref>{{cite news |first=Luke |last=O'Neil |date=April 25, 2019 |title='I am a gaffe machine': a history of Joe Biden's biggest blunders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/25/joe-biden-2020-public-gaffes-mistakes-history |access-date=January 26, 2021 |newspaper=] |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202133135/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/25/joe-biden-2020-public-gaffes-mistakes-history |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Broder |first=John M. |date=September 11, 2008 |title=Hanging On to Biden's Every Word: Biden living up to his gaffe-prone reputation |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/us/politics/12biden.html |access-date=February 13, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |quote=But, boy, does he say some curious things. A day on the campaign trail without a cringe-inducing gaffe is a rare blessing. He has not been too blessed lately.... a human verbal wrecking crew.}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".<ref name="nyt-no2" /> | |||
According to ''The New York Times'', Biden often embellishes elements of his life or exaggerates, a trait also noted by '']'' in 2014.<ref name="The New Yorker">{{Cite magazine |last=Osnos |first=Evan |date=July 20, 2014 |title=The Evolution of Joe Biden |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/07/28/biden-agenda |access-date=December 6, 2022 |magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Qiu |first2=Linda |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Biden, Storyteller in Chief, Spins Yarns That Often Unravel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/10/us/politics/biden-exaggeration-falsehood.html |accessdate=October 11, 2022 |newspaper=]}}</ref> For instance, he has claimed to have been more active in the ] than he actually was, and has falsely recalled being an excellent student who earned three college degrees.<ref name="The New Yorker" /> The ''Times'' wrote, "Mr. Biden's folksiness can veer into folklore, with dates that don't quite add up and details that are exaggerated or wrong, the factual edges shaved off to make them more powerful for audiences."<ref name="The New York Times" /> | |||
=== Job approval === | |||
{{See also|2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration|l1=2021|2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration|l2=2022|2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration|l3=2023|2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration}} | |||
According to ] polling, Biden maintained an ] above 50% during his presidency's first eight months. In August 2021, it began to decline, reaching the low forties by December.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey M. |date=December 21, 2021 |title=Joe Biden's Job Approval Rating Steady in December |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/358343/joe-biden-job-approval-rating-steady-december.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123222342/https://news.gallup.com/poll/358343/joe-biden-job-approval-rating-steady-december.aspx |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref> This was attributed to the Afghanistan withdrawal, increasing hospitalizations from the ], ], disarray within the Democratic Party, and a general decline in popularity customary in politics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frostenson |first1=Sarah |date=October 12, 2021 |title=Why Has Biden's Approval Rating Gotten So Low So Quickly? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-has-bidens-approval-rating-gotten-so-low-so-quickly/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012100615/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-has-bidens-approval-rating-gotten-so-low-so-quickly/ |archive-date=October 12, 2021 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Graham |first1=David A. |date=November 19, 2021 |title=Six Theories of Joe Biden's Crumbling Popularity |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/biden-approval-rating/620751/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112230703/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/biden-approval-rating/620751/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rupar |first1=Aaron |date=September 20, 2021 |title=Why Biden's approval numbers have sagged, explained by an expert |url=https://www.vox.com/2021/9/20/22678173/biden-polls-approval-rating-morning-consult |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028195231/https://www.vox.com/2021/9/20/22678173/biden-polls-approval-rating-morning-consult |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Montanaro |first1=Domenico |date=September 2, 2021 |title=Biden's Approval Rating Hits A New Low After The Afghanistan Withdrawal |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027035207/https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |website=]}}</ref> In 2023, Biden's approval rating was the lowest of any modern{{Efn|The source defines "modern" presidents as all 7 presidents before Biden, or presidents since 1979, which comprise Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.|name=}} U.S. president's after three years in office.<ref name="gallup2023end">{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/547763/biden-ends-2023-job-approval.aspx|title=Biden Ends 2023 With 39% Job Approval|first=Megan|last=Brenan|date=December 22, 2023|website=Gallup.com}}</ref> | |||
The ] found Biden's approval ratings to be consistently above 50% during his first few months in office,<ref name="Gallup Approval">{{cite web|first=Jeffrey M.|last=Jones|date=February 4, 2021|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/329348/biden-begins-term-job-approval.aspx|title=Biden Begins Term With 57% Job Approval|website= | |||
]|accessdate=November 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2021|title=Biden Job Approval a Respectable 57% at 100 Days|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/348974/biden-job-approval-respectable-100-days.aspx|access-date=2021-10-01|website=]|language=en}}</ref> but by August his ratings began to decline.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Cillizza|authorlink=Chris Cillizza|date=August 18, 2021|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/18/politics/joe-biden-polls-president-afghanistan/index.html|title=Joe Biden's political honeymoon is officially over|website=]|accessdate=November 9, 2024}}</ref> He had a 98% approval rating from Democrats in February 2021, but by December only 78% approved of his presidency.<ref name="BidenGallup">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Job Approval Center |url=https://news.gallup.com/interactives/185273/presidential-job-approval-center.aspx |access-date=July 31, 2022 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="Gallup Approval" /> By October 2023, his rating among Democrats had reached a record low of 75%.<ref name="gallup2023end" /><ref>{{cite web|first=Megan|last=Brenan|date=October 26, 2023|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/513305/democrats-ratings-biden-slip-overall-approval.aspx|title=Democrats' Rating of Biden Slips; Overall Approval at 37%|website=]|accessdate=November 9, 2024}}</ref> His approval rating among Republicans has been consistently in the single digits, aside from his first few months in office.<ref name="BidenGallup" /> Additionally, Gallup noted that Biden's public support eroded each year he was in office: he averaged 49% approval in his first year,<ref>{{cite web|first=Jeffrey M.|last=Jones|date=January 18, 2022|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/389033/biden-year-one-approval-ratings-subpar-extremely-polarized.aspx|title=Biden Year One Approval Ratings Subpar, Extremely Polarized|website=]|accessdate=November 9, 2024}}</ref> 41% in his second,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey M. |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Biden Averaged 41% Job Approval in His Second Year |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/468806/biden-averaged-job-approval-second-year.aspx |access-date=January 9, 2024 |website=]}}</ref> and 40% in his third.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey M. |date=January 25, 2024 |title=Biden's Third-Year Job Approval Average of 39.8% Second Worst |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/609188/biden-third-year-job-approval-average-second-worst.aspx |access-date=January 28, 2024 |website=]}}</ref> In July 2024, just before he withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Gallup found his approval rating had fallen to an all-time low of 36%.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Megan |last=Brenan |date=July 23, 2024 |title=Biden's Approval Rating Hit New Low Before Exit From Race|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/647633/biden-approval-rating-hit-new-low-exit-race.aspx|access-date=July 31, 2024 |website=]}}</ref> | |||
=== Media depictions === | |||
{{See also|Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden}} | |||
Nine men have portrayed Biden on '']'', starting with ] in 1991. ] portrayed Biden during the 2008 election season and reprised the role many times. During the 2020 election season, Biden was played by ], ], ], ], and ]. In 2024, ] played the role.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/joe-biden-snl-actors|title= Everyone Who Has Played Joe Biden on SNL|website= ]|date= September 27, 2024|accessdate= October 12, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/saturday-night-live-nate-bargatze-dana-carvey|title= Dana Carvey's Joe Biden Is the Real Star of 'Saturday Night Live'|magazine= Vanity Fair|accessdate= October 12, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In 2016, ] portrayed Biden in the ] television film '']'', about the ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Liz Shannon |date=2016-06-10 |title=Greg Kinnear Doesn't Do Impressions, But He Did Channel Joe Biden in 'Confirmation' (Consider This) |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/greg-kinnear-joe-biden-confirmation-emmys-1201682835/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
== Notes == | |||
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"><references group="lower-alpha" /></div> | |||
== References == | |||
=== Citations === | |||
<references /> | |||
=== Works cited === | |||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{cite book |last=Bronner |first=Ethan |author-link=Ethan Bronner |title=Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-393-02690-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/battleforjustice00bron_0}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
* {{cite book |last=Gadsden |first=Brett |title=Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQE3bLDsS4C |date=October 8, 2012 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-8122-0797-2}} | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Jane |author-link=Jane Mayer |last2=Abramson |first2=Jill |author-link2=Jill Abramson |title=Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-395-63318-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/strangejusticese00maye}} | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
* {{Cite book |first=Richard |last=Wolffe |author-link=Richard Wolffe |title=Renegade: The Making of a President |publisher=Crown Publishers |location=New York |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-307-46312-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/renegademakingof00wolf}} | |||
|title=Promises to Keep | |||
* {{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMxWRDTR_sMC |title=See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-394-57059-4 }} | |||
|publisher=Random House | |||
* {{Cite book |last=Witcover |first=Jules |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780061791987 |title=Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption |publisher=William Morrow |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-06-179198-7 |location=New York City |author-link=Jules Witcover }} | |||
|year=2007 | |||
|isbn=9781400065363}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Administration’s Missile Defense Program and the ABM Treaty: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|url=http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/sfr240701.pdf | |||
|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | |||
|date=2001-07-24 | |||
| ISBN=0756719593}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Examining The Theft Of American Intellectual Property At Home And Abroad: Hearing before the Committee On Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:78178.pdf | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | |||
|date=2002-02-12 | |||
|ISBN= 0756741777}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:81697.pdf | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|date=2002-08-01 | |||
|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | |||
|isbn=0756728231}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Strategies for Homeland Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|publisher=Diane Publishing | |||
|date=September 2003 | |||
|isbn=0756726239}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Putin Administration's Policies toward Non-Russian Regions of the Russian Federation: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75011.pdf | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|date=2001-07-08 | |||
|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | |||
| ISBN= 0756726247}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Threat of Bioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate | |||
|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75040.pdf | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|date=2001-09-05 | |||
|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | |||
| ISBN= 0756726255}} | |||
*{{citebook|title=How Do We Promote Democratization, Poverty Alleviation, and Human Rights to Build a More Secure Future: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:77983.pdf|first=Joseph R.|last=Biden Jr.|date=2002-02-27|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|isbn=0756724783}} | |||
*{{citebook|title=Political Future of Afghanistan: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate|first=Joseph R.|last=Biden Jr.|publisher=Diane Publishing|date=January 2003|isbn=0756730392}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|title=International Campaign Against Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate|publisher=Diane Publishing|date=January 2003|isbn=0756730414}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|title=Halting the Spread of HIV/AIDS: Future Efforts in the U.S. Bilateral & Multilateral Response: Hearings before the Comm. on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate|publisher=Diane Publishing|year=2002|isbn=0756734541}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|first=Joseph R. | |||
|last=Biden Jr. | |||
|title=Hague Convention On International Child Abduction: Applicable Law And Institutional Framework Within Certain Convention Countries Report To The Senate''|coauthors=]|publisher=Diane Publishing|date=April 2000|isbn=0756722500}} | |||
*{{citebook | |||
|title=Homeland Security Law and Policy''|last=Nicholson|first=William C. (ed.)|edition=with a foreword by Joseph Biden|publisher=C. C Thomas|year=2005|isbn=0398075832}} | |||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
== Further reading == | |||
==References== | |||
{{ |
{{refbegin}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael Barone (pundit) |first2=Richard E. |last2=Cohen |author-link2=Richard E. Cohen |year=2008 |title=The Almanac of American Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_0/ |url-access=registration |publisher=] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-89234-116-0}} | |||
] | |||
* {{Cite magazine |last=Draper |first=Robert |date=August 18, 2024 |title=Joe Biden's Interrupted Presidency |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/18/magazine/joe-biden-president-legacy.html |access-date=August 18, 2024 |magazine=The New York Times Magazine}} | |||
'''Books referenced''' | |||
*{{ |
* {{Cite book |last1=Levingston |first1=Steven |last2=Dyson |first2=Michael |year=2019 |title=Barack and Joe: The Making of an Extraordinary Partnership |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqyHDwAAQBAJ |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-316-48788-7}} | ||
*{{ |
* {{Cite book |editor-first=Charles |editor-last=Moritz |year=1987 |title=Current Biography Yearbook 1987 |title-link=Current Biography |publisher=] |location=New York<!--book has no ISBN-->}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last=Whipple |first=Chris |year=2023 |title=The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden's White House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CWjEAAAQBAJ |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-9821-0643-0}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
{{#invoke:Sister project links|main |auto=yes}} | |||
{{sisterlinks|s=author:Joe Biden}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 23:06, 24 December 2024
President of the United States since 2021 "Joseph Biden" and "Biden" redirect here. For his first-born son, Joseph Biden III, see Beau Biden. For other uses, see Biden (disambiguation).
Joe Biden | |
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Official portrait, 2021 | |
46th President of the United States | |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office January 20, 2021 | |
Vice President | Kamala Harris |
Preceded by | Donald Trump |
47th Vice President of the United States | |
In office January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Dick Cheney |
Succeeded by | Mike Pence |
United States Senator from Delaware | |
In office January 3, 1973 – January 15, 2009 | |
Preceded by | J. Caleb Boggs |
Succeeded by | Ted Kaufman |
Personal details | |
Born | Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (1942-11-20) November 20, 1942 (age 82) Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic (since 1969) |
Other political affiliations | Independent (1968–1969) |
Spouses |
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Children | |
Relatives | Biden family |
Residence | White House |
Education | |
Occupation |
|
Awards | Full list |
Signature | |
Website | |
Joe Biden's voice
Biden speaks on the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and the fall of Kabul. Recorded August 16, 2021 | |
Other offices
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Personal U.S. Senator from Delaware 47th Vice President of the United States
Vice presidential campaigns 46th President of the United States Incumbent Tenure
Policies Appointments Presidential campaigns |
||
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈrɒbɪnɪt ˈbaɪdən/ ROB-in-it BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who has been the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009.
Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Delaware in 1965 and a Juris Doctor from Syracuse University in 1968. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and the U.S. Senate in 1972. As a senator, Biden drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act. He also oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the 1988 and 2008 Democratic presidential nominations. In 2008, Obama chose Biden as his running mate, and he was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as vice president. In the 2020 presidential election, the Democratic Party nominated Biden for president. He selected Kamala Harris as his running mate, and they defeated Republican incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence. He became the oldest president in U.S. history and the first to serve with a female vice president.
As president, Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession. He signed bipartisan bills on infrastructure and manufacturing. He proposed the Build Back Better Act, which failed in Congress, but aspects of which were incorporated into the Inflation Reduction Act that he signed into law in 2022. Biden appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. He worked with congressional Republicans to resolve the 2023 debt-ceiling crisis by negotiating a deal to raise the debt ceiling. In his foreign policy, Biden restored America's membership in the Paris Agreement. He oversaw the complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan that ended the war in Afghanistan, leading to the collapse of the Afghan government and the Taliban seizing control. He responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing civilian and military aid to Ukraine. During the Israel–Hamas war, Biden condemned the actions of Hamas as terrorism and sent military aid to Israel, as well as limited humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip.
In April 2023, Biden announced his reelection campaign and, after the Democratic primaries, became the party's presumptive nominee in the 2024 presidential election. Concerns about Biden's age and health persisted throughout his term, with renewed scrutiny after his performance during the first presidential debate on June 27. On July 21, he withdrew his candidacy, becoming the first U.S. president to decline to seek reelection after securing enough delegates to win renomination. Biden endorsed Vice President Harris to be the Democratic presidential nominee. Harris won the nomination but lost the general election to Trump.
Early life (1942–1965)
Main article: Early life and career of Joe BidenJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born on November 20, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden (née Finnegan; 1917–2010) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. (1915–2002) The oldest child in a Catholic family of mostly Irish descent, along with English and French; he has a sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James. The Biden surname traces back to William Biden, an ancestor of his who emigrated from England to Maryland around 1820.
Biden's father had been wealthy and the family purchased a home in the affluent Long Island suburb of Garden City in the fall of 1946, but he suffered business setbacks around the time Biden was seven years old, and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents in Scranton. Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden's father could not find steady work. Beginning in 1953 when Biden was ten, the family lived in an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, before moving to a house in nearby Mayfield, Delaware. Biden Sr. later became a successful used-car salesman, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.
At Archmere Academy in Claymont, Biden played baseball and was a standout halfback and wide receiver on the high school football team. Though a poor student, he was class president in his junior and senior years. He graduated in 1961. At the University of Delaware in Newark, Biden briefly played freshman football, and, as an unexceptional student, received a Bachelor of Arts degree with a double major in history and political science in 1965.
Biden had a stutter and has mitigated it since his early twenties. He has described his efforts to reduce it by reciting poetry before a mirror.
Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973)
Main article: Early career of Joe Biden See also: Family of Joe BidenBiden married Neilia Hunter, a student at Syracuse University, on August 27, 1966, after overcoming her parents' disinclination for her to wed a Catholic. Their wedding was held in a Catholic church in Skaneateles, New York. They had three children: Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III, Robert Hunter Biden, and Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden.
Biden earned a Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law in 1968. In his first year of law school, he failed a course because he plagiarized a law review article for a paper he wrote, but the failing grade was later stricken. His grades were relatively poor, and he graduated 76th in a class of 85 students. He was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969.
Biden clerked at a Wilmington law firm headed by prominent local Republican William Prickett in 1968 and, he later said, "thought of myself as a Republican". He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor Charles L. Terry's conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, Russell W. Peterson, who defeated Terry in 1968. Local Republicans attempted to recruit Biden, but he registered as an Independent because of his distaste for Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon.
In 1969, Biden practiced law, first as a public defender and then at a law firm headed by a locally active Democrat, who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to reform and revitalize the state party; Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat. He and another attorney also formed a law firm. Corporate law did not appeal to him, and criminal law did not pay well. He supplemented his income by managing properties.
Biden ran for the 4th district seat on the New Castle County Council in 1970 on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburbs. The seat had been held by Republican Henry R. Folsom, who was running in the 5th District following a reapportionment of council districts. Biden won the general election, defeating Republican Lawrence T. Messick, and took office on January 5, 1971. He served until January 1, 1973, and was succeeded by Democrat Francis R. Swift. During his time on the county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods.
Biden had not openly supported or opposed the Vietnam War until he ran for Senate and opposed Richard Nixon's conduct of the war. While studying at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, Biden obtained five student draft deferments at a time when most draftees were sent to the war. Based on a physical examination, he was given a conditional medical deferment in 1968; in 2008, a spokesperson for Biden said his having had "asthma as a teenager" was the reason for the deferment.
1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware
Main article: 1972 United States Senate election in DelawareBiden defeated Republican incumbent J. Caleb Boggs to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware in 1972. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs and, with minimal campaign funds, he was thought to have no chance of winning. Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers, an approach made feasible by Delaware's small size. He received help from the AFL-CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick Caddell. His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care and public dissatisfaction with "politics as usual". A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points, but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters' emotions worked to his advantage, and he won with 50.5% of the vote.
Death of wife and daughter
A few weeks after Biden was elected senator, his wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in Hockessin, Delaware, on December 18, 1972. Neilia's station wagon was hit by a semi-trailer truck as she pulled out from an intersection. Their sons Beau (aged 3) and Hunter (aged 2) were in the car and were taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries, Beau with a broken leg and other wounds and Hunter with a minor skull fracture and other head injuries. Biden considered resigning to care for them, but Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield persuaded him not to. Biden contemplated suicide and was filled with anger and religious doubt. He wrote that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him and had trouble focusing on work.
Second marriage
Biden met teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs in 1975 on a blind date. They married at the United Nations chapel in New York on June 17, 1977, and spent their honeymoon at Lake Balaton in the Hungarian People's Republic. Biden credits her with the renewal of his interest in politics and life. The couple attends Mass at St. Joseph's on the Brandywine in Greenville, Delaware.
In 1981, the couple had a daughter, Ashley Biden. She is a social worker and married to physician Howard Krein. Jill helped raise her stepsons, Hunter and Beau, who were seven and eight respectively at the time of her marriage. Hunter has worked as a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser; his business dealings, personal life, and legal troubles have come under significant scrutiny during his father's presidency. In December 2024, Biden pardoned Hunter following his conviction on gun and tax charges despite repeated promises that he would not do so. Beau became an Army judge-advocate in Iraq and later Delaware attorney general; he died of brain cancer in 2015.
Teaching
From 1991 to 2008, as an adjunct professor, Biden co-taught a seminar on constitutional law at Widener University School of Law. He sometimes flew back from overseas to teach the class.
U.S. Senate (1973–2009)
Main article: U.S. Senate career of Joe BidenSenate activities
Secretary of the Senate Francis R. Valeo swore Biden in at the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center in January 1973. Present were his sons Beau (whose leg was still in traction from the automobile accident) and Hunter and other family members. At age 30, he was the seventh-youngest senator in U.S. history. To see his sons, Biden traveled by train between his Delaware home and D.C.—74 minutes each way—and maintained this habit throughout his 36 years in the Senate.
Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1972, Biden was reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, regularly receiving about 60% of the vote. He was junior senator to William Roth, who was first elected in 1970, until Roth was defeated in 2000. As of 2024, he was the 19th-longest-serving senator in U.S. history.
During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability. In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens' concerns and healthcare, but conservative on other issues, including abortion and military conscription. Biden was the first U.S. senator to endorse Jimmy Carter for president in the 1976 Democratic primary. Carter went on to win the Democratic nomination and defeat incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford in the 1976 election. Biden also worked on arms control. After Congress failed to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet foreign minister Andrei Gromyko to communicate American concerns and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's objections. He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State George Shultz at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its continued policy of apartheid. In a congressional hearing in 1984, he objected to the Strategic Defense Initiative plan to construct autonomous systems of ICBM defense.
In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's strongest opponents of race-integration busing. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies. In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy de jure segregation, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy de facto segregation arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely. Biden supported a 1976 measure forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them. He co-sponsored a 1977 amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.
Biden became ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1981. He was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act in 1984. His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time. In 1994, Biden helped pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which included a ban on assault weapons, and the Violence Against Women Act, which he has called his most significant legislation. The 1994 crime law was unpopular among progressives and criticized for resulting in mass incarceration; in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big mistake", citing its policy on crack cocaine and saying that the bill "trapped an entire generation".
Biden voted for a 1993 provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gay people from serving in the armed forces. In 1996, he voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring people in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same. In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges.
Biden was critical of Independent Counsel Ken Starr during the 1990s Whitewater controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers. He voted to acquit during the impeachment of President Clinton. During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers. Clinton vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, with Biden being one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it. As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased Amtrak funding and rail security.
Brain surgeries
In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden underwent surgery to correct a leaking intracranial berry aneurysm. While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication. After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May, his recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.
Senate Judiciary Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was a ranking minority member from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997.
As chair, Biden presided over two highly contentious U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings. When Robert Bork was nominated in 1988, Biden reversed his approval—given in an interview the previous year—of a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered, but at the hearings' close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage. Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents, Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork's strong originalism and the view that the U.S. Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text. Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 5–9 vote and then in the full Senate, 42–58.
During Clarence Thomas's nomination hearings in 1991, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them, and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions were akin to "beanballs". After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that Anita Hill, a University of Oklahoma law school professor, had accused Thomas of making unwelcome sexual comments when they had worked together. Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify. The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment. The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed. Liberal legal advocates and women's groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill. In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009. His positions were generally liberal internationalist. He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party. During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.
Biden voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991, siding with 45 of the 55 Democratic senators. He said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the anti-Iraq coalition.
Biden became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serbian abuses during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. Once the Bosnian War broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "lift and strike" policy. The George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton administration were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan entanglement. In April 1993, Biden held a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević. Biden worked on several versions of legislative language urging the U.S. toward greater involvement. Biden has called his role in affecting Balkan policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy. In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the 1999 NATO bombing of FR Yugoslavia. He and Senator John McCain co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over Yugoslav actions toward ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
Main article: War on terrorBiden was a strong supporter of the War in Afghanistan, saying, "Whatever it takes, we should do it." As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to "eliminate" that threat. In October 2002, he voted in favor of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, approving the U.S. invasion of Iraq. As chair of the committee, he assembled a series of witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his secular government, which was an avowed enemy of al-Qaeda, and touted Iraq's fictional possession of weapons of mass destruction. Biden eventually became a critic of the war and called his vote and role a "mistake", but did not push for withdrawal. He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about its cost and length.
By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the troop surge of 2007, saying General David Petraeus was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work. Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states. Rather than continue the existing approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a third way": federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis "breathing room" in their own regions. In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate, but the idea failed to gain traction.
1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns
1988 campaign
Main article: Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaignBiden formally declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on June 9, 1987. He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his appeal to Baby Boomers; he would have been the second-youngest person elected president, after John F. Kennedy. He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.
By August his campaign's messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries, and in September, he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock. Biden's speech had similar lines about being the first person in his family to attend university. Biden had credited Kinnock with the formulation on previous occasions, but did not on two occasions in late August. Kinnock himself was more forgiving; the two men met in 1988, forming an enduring friendship.
Earlier that year, Biden had also used passages from a 1967 speech by Robert F. Kennedy (for which his aides took blame) and a short phrase from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by Hubert Humphrey. Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, Jesse Jackson, had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.
A few days later, an incident was publicized in which, while in law school, Biden had taken text from a Fordham Law Review article with inadequate citations. He was required to repeat the course and passed with high marks. At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.
Biden has made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class, and that he had marched in the civil rights movement. The limited amount of other news about the presidential race amplified these disclosures and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew his candidacy, saying it had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes.
2008 campaign
Main article: Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaignAfter exploring the possibility of a run in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared his candidacy in the 2008 elections. During his campaign, Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience. Biden was noted for his one-liners during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani, "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11."
Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton. He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates. He withdrew from the race that evening.
Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world. In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom, while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing. Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal".
2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns
2008 campaign
Main articles: Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and 2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selectionShortly after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Obama privately told him he was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration. In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility, and developed a strong personal rapport. On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate. The New York Times reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with foreign policy and national security experience. Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters. Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.
Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media attention, as the press devoted far more coverage to the Republican nominee, Alaska governor Sarah Palin. Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks, such as one he made about Obama's being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention. Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?", he asked. Obama campaign staffers called Biden's blunders "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden. Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.
As the 2007–2008 financial crisis reached a peak in September 2008, and the proposed Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted for the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which passed in the Senate, 74–25. On October 2, he participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.
On November 4, Obama and Biden were elected with 53% of the popular vote and 365 electoral votes to McCain and Palin's 173.
At the same time Biden was running for vice president, he was also running for reelection to the Senate, as permitted by Delaware law. On November 4, he was reelected to the Senate, defeating Republican Christine O'Donnell. Having won both races, Biden made a point of not resigning from the Senate before he was sworn in for his seventh term in January 2009. He cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350 billion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and resigned from the Senate later that day, after which Ted Kaufman took office as his successor.
2012 campaign
Main article: Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaignIn October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election, but with Obama's popularity on the decline, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton. The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for Obama, and White House officials later said Obama himself had never entertained the idea.
Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving". Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention. Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement, and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's remarks. Biden apologized to Obama in private for having spoken out, while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the heart.
The Obama campaign valued Biden as a retail-level politician, and he had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the reelection campaign began in earnest in spring 2012. An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" once again drew attention to Biden's propensity for colorful remarks.
In the first presidential debate of the general election, President Obama's performance was considered surprisingly lackluster. Time magazine's Joe Klein called it "one of the most inept performances I've ever seen by a sitting president". Over the next few days, Obama's lead over Romney collapsed, putting pressure on Biden to stop the bleeding with a strong showing against the Republican vice-presidential nominee, Paul Ryan. Some political analysts considered Biden's performance against Ryan in the October 11 vice-presidential debate one of the best of his career and a key factor in Obama's rebound in the polls and eventual victory over Romney. The debate also became memorable for the popularization of Biden's use of the phrase "a bunch of malarkey" in response to an attack by Ryan on the administration's response to the September 11, 2012, attacks on the U.S. embassy in Benghazi. Biden reused the phrase during his 2020 presidential campaign.
On November 6, Obama and Biden won reelection over Romney and Ryan with 332 of 538 Electoral College votes and 51% of the popular vote.
Vice presidency (2009–2017)
See also: Presidency of Barack ObamaFirst term (2009–2013)
See also: First inauguration of Barack ObamaBiden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by George W. Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency. He was sworn in as the 47th vice president of the United States on January 20, 2009. He was the first vice president from Delaware and the first Roman Catholic vice president.
Obama was soon comparing Biden to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things that don't show up in the stat sheet". Biden visited Kosovo in May and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible". Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan, but his skepticism was valued, and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy. Biden visited Iraq about every two months, becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there. More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility: Obama was said to have said, "Joe, you do Iraq." By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.
Biden oversaw infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession. During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred, and when he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.
Biden's off-message response to a question in late April 2009, during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, led to a swift retraction by the White House. The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes. Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was", but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up. A hot mic picked up Biden telling Obama that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" on March 23, 2010. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.
Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions. Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink. Obama said, "The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me." The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party. Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important. He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty. In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts. The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.
Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress in March 2011 to resolve federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoid a government shutdown. The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in breaking a deadlock and bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed. Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden, lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects.
Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of school shootings and consider possible gun control to implement in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, in December 2012. Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013. It made many of the Bush tax cuts permanent but raised rates on upper income levels.
Second term (2013–2017)
See also: Second inauguration of Barack ObamaBiden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).
Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate majority leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.
Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs. He talked about sexual violence while introducing Lady Gaga at the 88th Academy Awards in 2016, receiving a standing ovation from the audience.
Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters. As the ISIL insurgency in Iraq intensified in 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along. Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell". Biden had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and was assigned a focus on the region during the administration; he visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president. In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with the Serbian Prime Minister, Aleksandar Vučić, and expressed his condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.
Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.
Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden 2016" PAC was established.
By late 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son Beau's recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right ... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are." On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.
Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)
After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became an honorary professor at the University of Pennsylvania, developing the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement. Biden remained in that position into 2019, before running for president.
In 2017, Biden wrote a memoir, Promise Me, Dad, and went on a book tour. By 2019, he and his wife reported that they had earned over $15 million since the end of his vice presidency from speaking engagements and book sales.
Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the presidency of Donald Trump. He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency. In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator John McCain, praising McCain's embrace of American ideals and bipartisan friendships. Biden continued to support cancer research.
2020 presidential campaign
Main article: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaignSpeculation and announcement
Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020. When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying "never say never". A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race. He finally launched his campaign on April 25, 2019, saying he was prompted to run because he was worried by the Trump administration and felt a "sense of duty".
Campaign
Further information: 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and 2020 United States presidential debatesAs the 2020 campaign season heated up, voluminous public polling showed Biden as one of the best-performing Democratic candidates in a head-to-head matchup against President Trump. With Democrats keenly focused on "electability" for defeating Trump, this boosted his popularity among Democratic voters. It also made Biden a frequent target of Trump. In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Biden and his son Hunter Biden. Despite the allegations, no evidence was produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens. Trump's pressure to investigate the Bidens was perceived by many as an attempt to hurt Biden's chances of winning the presidency. Trump's alleged actions against Biden resulted in a political scandal and Trump's impeachment by the House of Representatives for abuse of power and obstruction of congress.
In March 2019 and April 2019, eight women accused Biden of previous instances of inappropriate physical contact, such as embracing, touching or kissing. Biden had previously called himself a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior had caused trouble for him. Journalist Mark Bowden described Biden's lifelong habit of talking close, writing that he "doesn't just meet you, he engulfs you... scooting closer" and leaning forward to talk. In April 2019, Biden pledged to be more "respectful of people's personal space".
Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls. Despite this, he finished fourth in the Iowa caucuses, and eight days later, fifth in the New Hampshire primary. He performed better in the Nevada caucuses, reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still finished 21.6 percentage points behind Bernie Sanders. Making strong appeals to Black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the South Carolina primary by more than 28 points. After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, he made large gains in the March 3 Super Tuesday primary elections. Biden won 18 of the next 26 contests, putting him in the lead overall. Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states on March 10.
In late March 2020, Tara Reade, one of the eight women who in 2019 had accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, accused Biden of having sexually assaulted her in 1993. There were inconsistencies between Reade's 2019 and 2020 allegations. Biden and his campaign denied the sexual assault allegation.
When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee for president. On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes. Former president Barack Obama endorsed Biden the next day. On August 11, Biden announced U.S. senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate, making her the first African American and first South Asian American vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket. On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the 2020 Democratic National Convention as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2020 election.
Presidential transition
Main article: Presidential transition of Joe BidenBiden was elected the 46th president of the United States in November 2020. He defeated the incumbent, Donald Trump, becoming the first candidate to defeat a sitting president since Bill Clinton defeated George H. W. Bush in 1992. Trump refused to concede, insisting the election had been "stolen" from him through "voter fraud", challenging the results in court and promoting numerous conspiracy theories about the voting and vote-counting processes, in an attempt to overturn the election results. Biden's transition was delayed by several weeks as the White House ordered federal agencies not to cooperate. On November 23, General Services Administrator Emily W. Murphy formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.
On January 6, 2021, during Congress's electoral vote count, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the White House to march to the Capitol and refused to concede the election. Soon after, some of his supporters attacked the Capitol. During the attack, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events "an unprecedented assault unlike anything we've seen in modern times". After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session and officially certified the election results with Vice President Mike Pence, in his capacity as President of the Senate, declaring Biden and Harris the winners.
Presidency (2021–present)
Main article: Presidency of Joe Biden For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency.Inauguration
Main article: Inauguration of Joe BidenBiden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021. At 78, he was the oldest person to have assumed the office. He is the second Catholic president (after John F. Kennedy) and the first president whose home state is Delaware. He is also the first man since George H. W. Bush to have been both vice president and president, and the second non-incumbent vice president (after Richard Nixon in 1968) to be elected president. He is also the first president from the Silent Generation.
Biden's inauguration was "a muted affair unlike any previous inauguration" due to COVID-19 precautions as well as massively increased security measures because of the January 6 United States Capitol attack. Trump did not attend, becoming the first outgoing president since 1869 to not attend his successor's inauguration.
First 100 days
See also: First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidencyIn his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, ending the state of national emergency at the border with Mexico, directing the government to rejoin the World Health Organization, face mask requirements on federal property, measures to combat hunger in the United States, and revoking permits for the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.
On March 11, the first anniversary of COVID-19 having been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a $1.9 trillion economic stimulus and relief package that he had proposed to support the United States' recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the child tax credit. Biden's initial proposal included an increase of the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, but after the Senate parliamentarian determined that including the increase in a budget reconciliation bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats declined to pursue overruling her and removed the increase from the package.
Also in March, amid a rise in migrants entering the U.S. from Mexico, Biden told migrants, "Don't come over." In the meantime, migrant adults "are being sent back", Biden said, in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration's Title 42 policy for quick deportations. Biden earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them (before they were sent to sponsors), leading the Biden administration in March to direct the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help.
On April 14, Biden announced that the United States would delay the withdrawal of all troops from the war in Afghanistan until September 11, signaling an end to the country's direct military involvement in Afghanistan after nearly 20 years. In February 2020, the Trump administration had made a deal with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021. Biden's decision met with a wide range of reactions, from support and relief to trepidation at the possible collapse of the Afghan government without American support. On April 22–23, Biden held an international climate summit at which he announced that the U.S. would cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 50%–52% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Other countries also increased their pledges. On April 28, the eve of his 100th day in office, Biden delivered his first address to a joint session of Congress.
Domestic policy
On June 17, Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act, which officially declared Juneteenth a federal holiday. Juneteenth is the first new federal holiday since 1983. In July 2021, amid a slowing of the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, Biden said that the country has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated.
In 2022, Biden endorsed a change to the Senate filibuster to allow for the passing of the Freedom to Vote Act and John Lewis Voting Rights Act, on both of which the Senate had failed to invoke cloture. The rules change failed when two Democratic senators, Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema, joined Senate Republicans in opposing it. In April 2022, Biden signed into law the bipartisan Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 to revamp the finances and operations of the United States Postal Service agency.
In the summer of 2022, several other pieces of legislation Biden supported passed Congress. The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act aimed to address gun reform issues following the Robb Elementary School shooting in Uvalde, Texas. The act's gun control provisions include extended background checks for gun purchasers under 21, clarification of Federal Firearms License requirements, funding for state red flag laws and other crisis intervention programs, further criminalization of arms trafficking and straw purchases, and partial closure of the boyfriend loophole. Biden signed the bill on June 25, 2022.
The Honoring our PACT Act of 2022 was introduced in 2021 and signed into law by Biden on August 10, 2022. The act intends to significantly improve healthcare access and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances, including burn pits, during military service.
In 2022, Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, which repealed the Defense of Marriage Act and requires the federal government to recognize the validity of same-sex and interracial marriages.
In June 2024, Biden issued an executive action offering amnesty to unauthorized immigrants married to American citizens. The program included a pathway to U.S. residency and citizenship and was expected to initially affect about 500,000 people. It was later struck down due to a lack of legislation empowering the president to enact the program.
Economy
Main article: Economic policy of the Joe Biden administrationBiden entered office nine months into a recovery from the COVID-19 recession and his first year in office was characterized by robust growth in real GDP, employment, wages, and stock market returns, amid significantly elevated inflation. Real GDP grew 5.9%, the fastest rate in 37 years. Amid record job creation, the unemployment rate fell at the fastest pace on record during the year. By the end of 2021, inflation reached a nearly 40-year high of 7.1%, which was partially offset by the highest nominal wage and salary growth in at least 20 years. In his third month in office, Biden signed an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors to $15 per hour, an increase of nearly 37%. The order went into effect for 390,000 workers in January 2022.
Amid a surge in inflation and high gas prices, Biden's approval ratings declined, with his disapproval rating surpassing his approval rating in early 2022. After 5.9% growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer spending remained strong through the year, as the unemployment rate fell to match a 53-year low of 3.5% in December. Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June before easing to 3.2% by October 2023. Stocks had had their worst year since 2008 before recovering. Widespread predictions of an imminent recession did not materialize in 2022 or 2023, and by late 2023 indicators showed sharply lower inflation with economic acceleration. GDP growth hit 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the year ended with stocks near record highs, with robust holiday spending.
Biden signed numerous major pieces of economic legislation in the 117th Congress, including the American Rescue Plan, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act. He signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law on August 9, 2022. It provided billions of dollars in new funding to boost domestic research on and manufacture of semiconductors, to compete economically with China.
In 2022, Biden blocked a national railroad strike planned by multiple labor unions. During the United Auto Workers strike, he expressed support for the workers in negotiations. Biden joined striking UAW workers' picket line in Michigan, becoming the first president to join a picket line. He refused to block a port strike from the International Longshoremen's Association in October 2024.
Over the course of five days in March 2023, three small- to mid-size U.S. banks failed, triggering a sharp decline in global bank stock prices and swift response by regulators to prevent potential global contagion. After Silicon Valley Bank collapsed, the first to do so, Biden expressed opposition to a bailout by taxpayers. He claimed that the partial rollback of Dodd-Frank regulations contributed to the bank's failure.
At the beginning of the 118th Congress, Biden and congressional Republicans engaged in a standoff after the U.S. hit its debt limit, which raised the risk that the U.S. would default on its debt. Biden and House speaker Kevin McCarthy struck a deal to raise the debt limit, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, which suspended the debt limit until January 2025. Biden signed it on June 3, averting a default. The deal was generally seen as favorable to Biden.
Biden extended the COVID-19 student loan pause through September 2023, with an "on ramp" period that extended some of the pause's protections against credit reporting, collection efforts, and late payment fees through September 30, 2024. The Biden administration's attempts to implement student loan forgiveness and relief programs have faced legal challenges from a coalition of Republican-led states. Biden's plans to forgive student loan debt were estimated to cost over $519 billion, and some critics called them a "disaster".
Judiciary
Further information: List of federal judges appointed by Joe BidenBy the end of 2021, 40 of Biden's nominees to the federal judiciary had been confirmed, more than any president in his first year in office since Ronald Reagan. Biden has prioritized diversity in his judicial appointments more than any president in U.S. history, with most of his appointees being women and people of color.
In January 2022, Supreme Court justice Stephen Breyer, a moderate liberal nominated by Bill Clinton, announced his intention to retire from the Supreme Court. During his 2020 campaign, Biden vowed to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if a vacancy occurred, a promise he reiterated after Breyer announced his retirement. On February 25, Biden nominated federal judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 7 and sworn in on June 30. By May 2024, Biden had confirmed more than 200 federal judges, about two-thirds of them women.
In July 2024, during a speech at the LBJ Presidential Library, Biden expressed interest in judicial term limits and a binding ethics code for Supreme Court justices.
Infrastructure and climate
Further information: Build Back Better Plan and Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administrationAs part of Biden's Build Back Better agenda, in late March 2021, he proposed the American Jobs Plan, a $2 trillion package addressing issues including transport infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, broadband infrastructure, housing, schools, manufacturing, research and workforce development. After months of negotiations among Biden and lawmakers, in August 2021 the Senate passed a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill called the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, while the House, also in a bipartisan manner, approved that bill in early November 2021, covering infrastructure related to transport, utilities, and broadband. Biden signed the bill into law in mid-November 2021.
The other core part of the Build Back Better agenda was the Build Back Better Act, a $3.5 trillion social spending bill that expands the social safety net and includes major provisions on climate change. The bill did not have Republican support, so Democrats attempted to pass it on a party-line vote through budget reconciliation, but struggled to win the support of Senator Joe Manchin, even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion. After Manchin rejected the bill, the Build Back Better Act's size was reduced. It was comprehensively reworked into the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was introduced by senators Chuck Schumer and Joe Manchin. The package aimed to raise $739 billion and authorize $370 billion in spending on energy and climate change, $300 billion in deficit reduction, three years of Affordable Care Act subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and tax reform. According to an analysis by the Rhodium Group, the bill will lower U.S. greenhouse gas emissions between 31 percent and 44 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. On August 7, 2022, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President Kamala Harris breaking the tie. The bill was passed by the House on August 12 and was signed by Biden on August 16.
Before and during the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Biden promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the European Union cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort. Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024. Also at COP26, the U.S. and China reached a deal on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The two countries are responsible for 40 percent of global emissions. In July 2023, when the 2023 heat waves hit the U.S., Biden announced several measures to protect the population and said the heat waves were linked to climate change.
In April 2024, Biden unveiled a plan to protect and restore natural water sources (3.2 million hectares of wetlands and 161,000 km of rivers and streams).
Immigration
Main article: Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administrationIllegal border crossings at the Mexico–United States border began to surge in 2021 when Biden assumed office, following a pandemic-era lull, amid a global rise in migration. From 2021 to 2023, they increased to record highs, reaching an all-time monthly high in December 2023. Throughout 2024, crossings began to significantly decline from the December record, after Biden implemented restrictions on asylum claims from migrants who cross the border between ports of entry and urged Mexico to crack down on migrants. The United States also increased its deportations in the last year of Biden's presidency. Deportations from October 2023 to September 2024 reached the highest level since 2014. Biden used humanitarian parole to an unprecedented degree to mitigate illegal border crossings, allowing migrants to fly into the U.S. or schedule their entries through official entry points in the U.S.-Mexico border. Over a million migrants had been admitted to the U.S. under humanitarian parole as of January 2024.
In January 2024, Biden expressed support for a proposed bipartisan immigration deal led by Senators Kyrsten Sinema and James Lankford. The proposed bill would allow DHS to close the border when encounters reach a seven-day average of 5,000 or exceed 8,500 in a single day. In addition, the bill mandates the detention of migrants seeking asylum and undergoing asylum interviews, with those failing the process repatriated to their home countries. While not addressing the status of "Dreamers", it would change immigration law to allow the children of those with H-1B visas to get work authorizations and freeze their legal ages while waiting for green cards, rather than face deportation once they hit age 21, and would provide additional funding for immigration judges.
In late January, former president Donald Trump announced his opposition to the legislation, calling on Congressional Republicans to oppose it; subsequently, leaders such as Speaker of the House Mike Johnson announced their opposition, halting further legislative action. As a result of continued high immigration levels throughout his tenure, some lawmakers and pundits have criticized Biden's handling of the southern border. Criticism of the bill and broader immigration policy continued to be expressed by both sides, with some liberals considering his policies too harsh while some conservatives considered them too lax. In the final year of his presidency, the Biden administration worked to extend at least 14 contracts with private prison companies to run immigrant detention centers, despite his 2020 campaign promise to end the practice.
Pardons and commutations
On October 6, 2022, Biden pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of cannabis possession under federal law. On December 22, 2023, he pardoned Americans for cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted. On December 12, 2024, in the largest single-day clemency act in history, Biden granted clemency to about 1,500 nonviolent felons in home confinement who had previously been released from prison. The act generated controversy, as it included felons such as Michael Conahan, a judge involved in the kids for cash kickback scandal, and Rita Crundwell, a comptroller responsible for the single largest municipal fraud in U.S. history. The Biden administration said the offenders who received clemency "deserve a second chance" and were selected based on meeting certain criteria in a uniform decision. On December 23, 2024, Biden commuted the sentences of 37 out of 40 federal death row inmates.
Pardon of Hunter Biden
On December 1, 2024, Biden issued a "full and unconditional" pardon to Hunter Biden that covered all federal offenses Hunter committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2024. The pardon's sweeping extent was "unprecedented", with legal experts citing Richard Nixon as the only other person given similar terms for a pardon, for his tenure as president from 1969 to 1974. According to Reason magazine, Hunter Biden's pardon was even more far-reaching than Nixon's or other "controversial" pardons:
The Hunter pardon is far more comprehensive...in that it covered not just his convictions for drug-related activities and tax fraud, but any other criminal behavior since 2014—the year that Hunter joined the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma. It has been alleged that Hunter's job was essentially to trade on the family name and sell his access to dad. This may not have been illegal, but it does mean that the pardon is clearly designed to offer preemptive protection not just to Hunter, but to Joe Biden himself. These features make the pardon unprecedented, though perfectly in line with the president's executive powers.
Hunter had been convicted on charges related to tax and gun offenses, after which Joe made numerous promises not to pardon him. He and his staff continued to say that Hunter would not be pardoned as late as November, although internal staff discussions affirmed that the option remained on the table even as Biden said otherwise. Biden and his family finalized the decision to pardon Hunter without consulting senior staff. In a statement announcing the pardon, Biden said he believed his son was "selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted", blaming "political pressure" for the collapse of a plea bargain. The plea bargain actually fell apart after the presiding judge asked about its unusual construction. Biden's pardon came amid incoming December sentencing dates for Hunter for his convictions and concerns about the succeeding Trump administration potentially targeting political rivals for prosecution.
No future president can rescind the pardon. Biden also said, "I hope Americans will understand why a father and a president would come to this decision." Critics called out the pardon for seeming self-serving and corrupt.
2022 elections
Main article: 2022 United States electionsOn September 2, 2022, in a nationally broadcast Philadelphia speech, Biden called for a "battle for the soul of the nation". Off camera, he called Trump supporters "semi-fascists", which Republican commentators denounced. A predicted Republican wave election did not materialize and the race for U.S. Congress control was much closer than expected, with Republicans securing a slim majority of 222 seats in the House of Representatives, and the Democratic caucus keeping control of the U.S. Senate, with 51 seats, a gain of one seat from the last Congress.
It was the first midterm election since 1986 in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since 1934 in which the president's party lost no state legislative chambers. Democrats credited Biden for their unexpectedly favorable performance, and he celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.
Foreign policy
Main article: Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administrationIn June 2021, Biden took his first trip abroad as president. In eight days he visited Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. He attended a G7 summit, a NATO summit, and an EU summit, and held one-on-one talks with Russian president Vladimir Putin.
In September 2021, Biden announced AUKUS, a security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, to ensure "peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific over the long term"; the deal included nuclear-powered submarines built for Australia's use, undercutting a prior Australian contract for submarines with France.
In February 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen and revoked the designation of Yemen's Houthis as terrorists. In early February 2022, Biden ordered the counterterrorism raid in northern Syria that resulted in the death of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi, the second leader of the Islamic State. In late July, Biden approved the drone strike that killed Ayman al-Zawahiri, the second leader of Al-Qaeda, and an integral member in the planning of the September 11 attacks. The 2022 OPEC+ oil production cut caused a diplomatic spat with Saudi Arabia, widening the rift between the two countries, and threatening a longstanding alliance.
In August 2024, Biden negotiated and oversaw the 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange, the largest prisoner exchange since the end of the Cold War. It involved the release of 26 people, including American journalist Evan Gershkovich and former United States Marine Paul Whelan.
In November 2024, the Biden administration announced that it had helped broker a ceasefire agreement in the Israel–Hezbollah conflict.
Withdrawal from Afghanistan
Main article: 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from AfghanistanAmerican forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan in 2020, under the provisions of a February 2020 US-Taliban agreement that set a May 1, 2021, deadline. The Taliban began an offensive on May 1. By early July, most American troops in Afghanistan had withdrawn. Biden addressed the withdrawal in July, saying, "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."
On August 15, the Afghan government collapsed under the Taliban offensive, and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country. Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist with evacuating American personnel and Afghan allies. He faced bipartisan criticism for the manner of the withdrawal, with the evacuations described as chaotic and botched. On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it, and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated". He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves".
On August 26, a suicide bombing at the Kabul airport killed 13 U.S. service members and 169 Afghans. On August 27, an American drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets, who were "planners and facilitators", according to a U.S. Army general. On August 29, another American drone strike killed ten civilians, including seven children. The Defense Department initially claimed the strike was conducted on an Islamic State suicide bomber threatening Kabul Airport, but admitted the suspect was harmless on September 17, calling its killing of civilians "a tragic mistake".
The U.S. military completed withdrawal from Afghanistan on August 30. Biden called the extraction of over 120,000 Americans, Afghans and other allies "an extraordinary success". He acknowledged that up to 200 Americans who wanted to leave did not, despite his August 18 pledge to keep troops in Afghanistan until all Americans who wanted to leave had left.
After the withdrawal, the U.S. continued to send aid to Afghanistan, remaining the country's biggest aid donor as of August 2024 and spending at least $20.7 billion post-withdrawal. U.S. funding has helped support the Taliban government and stabilize Afghanistan's economy.
Russian invasion of Ukraine
In February 2022, the Russian Armed Forces under President Vladimir Putin launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. After warning for several weeks that an attack was imminent, Biden responded to the invasion by imposing severe sanctions on Russia and authorizing over $8 billion in weapons shipments to Ukraine. On April 29, he asked Congress for $33 billion for Ukraine, but lawmakers later increased it to about $40 billion. Biden blamed Putin for the emerging energy and food crises.
On February 20, 2023, four days before the anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Biden visited Kyiv and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. While there, he promised more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.
In 2022, Congress approved about $113 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested an additional $61.4 billion in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead, but delays in the passage of further aid by the House of Representatives inhibited progress, with the additional $61 billion in aid to Ukraine added in April 2024. Throughout the conflict, Biden has consistently refused Ukrainian requests to allow them to utilize weapons against Russian military targets inside Russia. An exception was granted in May 2024 for targets in the vicinity of Kharkiv for "counter-fire" purposes.
China affairs
Further information: China–United States relationsThe Solomon Islands-China security pact caused alarm in late 2022, as China could build military bases across the South Pacific. Biden sought to strengthen ties with Australia and New Zealand in the wake of the deal, as Anthony Albanese succeeded to the premiership of Australia and Jacinda Ardern's government took a firmer line on Chinese influence. In a September 2022 interview with 60 Minutes, Biden said that U.S. forces would defend Taiwan in the event of "an unprecedented attack" by the Chinese, which is in contrast to the long-standing U.S. policy of "strategic ambiguity" toward China and Taiwan. The September comments came after three previous comments by Biden that the U.S. would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion. Amid increasing tension with China, Biden's administration has repeatedly walked back his statements and asserted that U.S. policy toward Taiwan has not changed. In late 2022, Biden issued several executive orders and federal rules designed to slow Chinese technological growth, and maintain U.S. leadership over computing, biotech, and clean energy.
On February 4, 2023, Biden ordered the United States Air Force to shoot down a suspected Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The State Department said the balloon carried antennas and other equipment capable of geolocating communications signals, and similar balloons from China have flown over more than 40 nations. The Chinese government denied that the balloon was a surveillance device, instead claiming it was a civilian (mainly meteorological) airship that had blown off course. Secretary of State Antony Blinken postponed his planned visit to China as the incident further damaged U.S.-China relations. In May 2024, the Biden administration doubled tariffs on solar cells imported from China and more than tripled tariffs on lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries imported from China. It also raised tariffs on imports of Chinese steel, aluminum, and medical materials.
Israel–Hamas war
Further information: United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas warIn October 2023, Hamas launched a surprise attack on Israel that devolved into an intensified conflict, jeopardizing the administration's push to normalize relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia. Biden stated his unequivocal support for Israel and condemned the attack by Hamas. He deployed aircraft carriers in the region to deter others from joining the war, and called for an additional $14 billion in military aid to Israel. He later began pressuring Israel to address the growing humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip. Biden rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the Gaza Strip. He asked Israel to pause its invasion of Gaza for at least three days to allow for hostage negotiations; Israel agreed to daily four-hour pauses. He also directed the U.S. military to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza. Biden has said he is a Zionist. He has faced criticism for his unwavering support for Israel. Officials have urged him to take a harder stance against Israel, criticizing his administration's leniency and support despite the Israeli government's contentious offensive, which has led to significant civilian casualties and humanitarian crises.
A crowd in Washington D.C. holding signs protesting the Biden administration's aid to Israel on November 4, 2023Following the killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid on February 29, 2024, Biden said the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient. On March 3, the U.S. military began airdropping food aid into Gaza. Several experts called the U.S. airdrops performative and said they would do little to alleviate the famine in Gaza.
As of May 2024, Biden has continued to support Israel during the course of the war despite significant domestic opposition to American involvement in it and subsequent widespread protests. A March 2024 Gallup poll found that a strong majority of Americans disapproved of Israeli conduct during the war. It found that 36% approved "of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza" and 55% disapproved. Young Americans have been significantly less supportive of Israel than older generations. Beginning in April 2024, widespread Israel–Hamas war protests emerged on university campuses, denouncing Biden.
On May 31, 2024, Biden announced his support for an Israeli ceasefire proposal, saying that Hamas was "no longer capable" of another large-scale attack. The proposal, which would establish a permanent ceasefire, release all hostages, and reconstruct the Gaza Strip, was supported by Hamas officials after mediation by Egypt and Qatar. The Netanyahu administration responded that Israel's goals regarding "the destruction of Hamas military and governing capabilities" had not changed and that conditions would need to be met before it would agree to a ceasefire. In the first year of the war, it was estimated that the Biden administration had sent Israel at least $17.9 billion in military aid, a record. In about the same period, it sent Palestinians $1.2 billion in humanitarian aid.
NATO enlargement
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Biden expressed support for expanding NATO to cover Sweden and Finland. On August 9, 2022, he signed the instruments of ratification stipulating U.S. support for the two countries' entry into NATO. Finnish ascension occurred on April 4, 2023, but opposition by Turkey and Hungary to Swedish entry led to a stalemate. Biden led diplomatic talks resulting in formal Swedish ascension into NATO on March 7, 2024. He has also expressed openness to Ukrainian entry into NATO following the end of the conflict, supporting an expedited timetable in its ascension and the removal of steps such as the Membership Action Plan typically required for NATO entry.
Investigations
Retention of classified documents
Main article: Joe Biden classified documents incidentOn November 2, 2022, while packing files at the Penn Biden Center, Biden's attorneys found classified documents dating from his vice presidency in a "locked closet". According to the White House, the documents were reported that day to the U.S. National Archives, which recovered them the next day. On November 14, Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed U.S. attorney John R. Lausch Jr. to conduct an investigation. On December 20, a second batch of classified documents was discovered in the garage of Biden's Wilmington, Delaware residence.
The findings broke news on January 9, 2023, after CBS News published an article on the Lausch investigation. On January 12, Garland appointed Robert K. Hur as special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records". On January 20, after a 13-hour consensual search by FBI investigators, six more items with classified markings were recovered from Biden's Wilmington residence. FBI agents searched Biden's home in Rehoboth Beach on February 1 and collected papers and notes from his time as vice president, but did not find any classified information. On February 8, 2024, Hur concluded the special counsel investigation and announced that no charges would be brought against Biden.
Business activities
Main article: United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family Further information: Impeachment inquiry into Joe BidenOn January 11, 2023, the House of Representatives launched an investigative committee into the foreign business activities of Biden's son, Hunter, and brother, James. The committee's chair, Representative James Comer, simultaneously investigated alleged corruption related to the Hunter Biden laptop controversy.
On September 12, House speaker Kevin McCarthy initiated a formal impeachment inquiry against Biden, saying that the recent House investigations "paint a picture of corruption" by Biden and his family. Congressional investigations, most notably by the House Oversight committee, have discovered no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden as of December 2023. On December 13, 2023, the House of Representatives voted 221–212 to formalize an impeachment inquiry into Biden.
In February 2024, Alexander Smirnov, a former intelligence informant who was prominent in the bribery allegations against Biden, was charged with making false statements to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Smirnov admitted he had publicized a false story given to him by Russian intelligence officials with the goal of damaging Biden's reelection campaign.
Age and health concerns
Main article: Age and health concerns about Joe BidenBiden is the oldest sitting president in U.S. history. His cognitive health was publicly perceived to have declined by Republicans and media pundits and privately by White House staffers and Democrats. A tight-knit group of select staffers and Biden's family emerged during his presidency that insulated him from others. Biden's staff routinely adapted his schedule and activities to accommodate his needs as he aged and conceal signs of declining cognitive ability. White House staffers took on unusually strong roles as gatekeepers for Biden, limiting meetings with cabinet secretaries, lawmakers, and other officials, and restricting the information made available to him. Events Biden attended were tightly scripted and limited. Public concerns about Biden's mental acuity were amplified and widely covered by the media after a weak performance in a June 2024 presidential debate. Biden repeatedly said he was fit for the presidency.
On July 21, 2022, Biden tested positive for COVID-19 with reportedly mild symptoms. According to the White House, he was treated with Paxlovid. He worked in isolation in the White House for five days and returned to isolation when he tested positive again on July 30. On July 17, 2024, Biden again tested positive for COVID-19. Throughout his presidency, White House staffers placed limitations on in-person access to him, ostensibly because of the pandemic.
2024 presidential campaign
Main article: Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign Further information: 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate, and Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential electionEnding months of speculation, on April 25, 2023, Biden confirmed he would run for reelection as president in the 2024 election, with Harris again as his running mate. The campaign launched four years to the day after the start of his 2020 presidential campaign. On the day of his announcement, a Gallup poll found that Biden's approval rating was 37 percent, with most of those surveyed saying the economy was their biggest concern. During his campaign, Biden promoted higher economic growth and recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. He frequently stated his intention to "finish the job" as a political rallying cry.
U.S. Representative Dean Phillips ran against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries. Biden was not on the ballot in the January 23 New Hampshire primary, but won it in a write-in campaign with 63.8% of the vote to Phillips's 19.6%. He had wanted South Carolina to be the first primary, and won that state on February 3 with 96.2% of the vote. Biden received 89.3% of the vote in Nevada and 81.1% of the vote in Michigan, with "none of these candidates" and "uncommitted" coming in second in each state, respectively. On March 5 ("Super Tuesday"), he won 15 of 16 primaries, netting 80% or more of the vote in 13 of them. On March 6, Phillips suspended his campaign and endorsed Biden. On March 12, Biden reached more than the 1,968 delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination, becoming the presumptive nominee.
The first presidential debate was held on June 27, 2024, between Biden and Trump. Biden's performance was widely criticized, with commentators saying he frequently lost his train of thought and gave meandering answers. Several newspaper columnists declared Trump the winner, and polling indicated the majority of debate watchers believed Trump won. After the debate raised questions about his health and age, Biden faced calls to withdraw from the race, including from fellow Democrats and the editorial boards of several major news outlets.
Biden initially insisted that he would remain a candidate, but on July 21, he withdrew his candidacy, writing that this was "in the best interest of my party and the country". He endorsed Harris as his successor. His announcement came 29 days before the beginning of the 2024 Democratic National Convention. On August 6, 2024, Harris was confirmed as the Democratic presidential nominee after securing 99% of the delegates in a virtual roll call vote. This was the first time an eligible incumbent had declined to run for reelection since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.
In the general election, Trump defeated Harris, flipping six states Biden had won in 2020. The Senate went Republican for the first time since 2018. In a nationally televised speech after the election, Biden congratulated Trump and promised a "peaceful and orderly" transition of power.
Political positions
Main article: Political positions of Joe BidenAs a senator, Biden was regarded as a moderate Democrat. As a presidential nominee, Biden's platform had been called the most progressive of any major party platform in history, although not within his party's ideological vanguard. Biden says his positions are deeply influenced by Catholic social teaching.
According to political scientist Carlo Invernizzi Accetti, "it has become second nature to describe his politics with such ready-made labels as centrist or moderate." Accetti says that Biden represents an Americanized form of Christian democracy, taking positions characteristic of both the center-right and center-left. Biden has cited the Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain, credited with starting the Christian democratic movement, as immensely influential in his thinking. Other analysts have likened his ideology to traditional liberalism, "a doctrine of liberty, equality, justice and individual rights that relies, in the modern age, on a strong federal government for enforcement". Such analysts distinguish liberals, who believe in a regulated market economy, from the left, who believe in greater economic intervention or a planned economy. In 2022, journalist Sasha Issenberg wrote that Biden's "most valuable political skill" was "an innate compass for the ever-shifting mainstream of the Democratic Party".
Biden has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that doing so would not hurt businesses' ability to hire. He supported raising the corporate tax only up to 28% from the 21% established in the 2017 bill, not back to 35%, the corporate tax rate until 2017. He voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). as well as the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Biden is a staunch supporter of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts. Biden's plan aims to expand health insurance coverage to 97% of Americans, including by creating a public health insurance option.
Biden did not support national same-sex marriage rights while in the Senate and voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, but opposed proposals for constitutional amendments that would have banned same-sex marriage nationwide. Biden has supported same-sex marriage since 2012. As a senator, Biden forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a Police Officer's Bill of Rights measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed. In 2020, Biden also ran on decriminalizing cannabis, after advocating harsher penalties for drug use as a U.S. senator.
Biden believes action must be taken on climate change. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Boxer–Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in the United States Senate. Biden supports nature conservation. According to a report from the Center for American Progress, he broke several records in this domain. He took steps to protect old-growth forests. Biden opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050. His program includes reentering the Paris Agreement, green building and more. Biden supports environmental justice, including climate justice and ocean justice. A major step is increasing energy efficiency, water efficiency and resilience to climate disasters in low-income houses for mitigate climate change, reduce costs, improve health and safety. Biden has called global temperature rise above the 1.5 degree limit the "only existential threat humanity faces even more frightening than a nuclear war". Despite his clean energy policies and congressional Republicans characterizing them as a "War on American Energy", domestic oil production reached a record high in October 2023.
Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China, calling it the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges to the United States' "prosperity, security, and democratic values". Biden has spoken about human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region to the Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping, pledging to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression. Biden has said he is against regime change but is for providing non-military support to opposition movements. He opposed direct U.S. intervention in Libya, voted against U.S. participation in the Gulf War, voted in favor of the Iraq War, and supports a two-state solution in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and to reevaluate the United States' relationship with Saudi Arabia. Biden supports extending the New START arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides. In 2021, Biden officially recognized the Armenian genocide, becoming the first U.S. president to do so.
Biden has supported abortion rights throughout his presidency, though he personally opposes abortion because of his Catholic faith. In 2019, he said he supported Roe v. Wade and repealing the Hyde Amendment. After Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, he criticized near-total bans on abortion access passed in a majority of Republican-controlled states, and took measures to protect abortion rights in the United States. He has vowed to sign a bill codifying the protections of Roe into federal law; such a bill passed the House in 2022, but was unable to clear the Senate filibuster.
Public image
Main article: Public image of Joe BidenBiden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy members of the Senate, which he attributed to having been elected young. Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed campaign finance reform measures during his first term. As of November 2009, Biden's net worth was $27,012. By November 2020, the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden's books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.
Political columnist David S. Broder wrote that Biden has grown over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much, much better." Journalist James Traub has written that "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself". In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been noted for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief. In 2020, CNN wrote that his presidential campaign aimed to make him "healer-in-chief", while The New York Times described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.
Journalist and TV anchor Wolf Blitzer has called Biden loquacious; journalist Mark Bowden has said that he is famous for "talking too much", leaning in close "like an old pal with something urgent to tell you". He often deviates from prepared remarks, and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth". Biden has a reputation for being prone to gaffes, and in 2018 called himself "a gaffe machine". The New York Times wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".
According to The New York Times, Biden often embellishes elements of his life or exaggerates, a trait also noted by The New Yorker in 2014. For instance, he has claimed to have been more active in the civil rights movement than he actually was, and has falsely recalled being an excellent student who earned three college degrees. The Times wrote, "Mr. Biden's folksiness can veer into folklore, with dates that don't quite add up and details that are exaggerated or wrong, the factual edges shaved off to make them more powerful for audiences."
Job approval
See also: 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administrationAccording to Morning Consult polling, Biden maintained an approval rating above 50% during his presidency's first eight months. In August 2021, it began to decline, reaching the low forties by December. This was attributed to the Afghanistan withdrawal, increasing hospitalizations from the Delta variant, high inflation and gas prices, disarray within the Democratic Party, and a general decline in popularity customary in politics. In 2023, Biden's approval rating was the lowest of any modern U.S. president's after three years in office.
The Gallup Organization found Biden's approval ratings to be consistently above 50% during his first few months in office, but by August his ratings began to decline. He had a 98% approval rating from Democrats in February 2021, but by December only 78% approved of his presidency. By October 2023, his rating among Democrats had reached a record low of 75%. His approval rating among Republicans has been consistently in the single digits, aside from his first few months in office. Additionally, Gallup noted that Biden's public support eroded each year he was in office: he averaged 49% approval in his first year, 41% in his second, and 40% in his third. In July 2024, just before he withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Gallup found his approval rating had fallen to an all-time low of 36%.
Media depictions
See also: Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe BidenNine men have portrayed Biden on Saturday Night Live, starting with Kevin Nealon in 1991. Jason Sudeikis portrayed Biden during the 2008 election season and reprised the role many times. During the 2020 election season, Biden was played by John Mulaney, Alex Moffat, Mikey Day, Woody Harrelson, and Jim Carrey. In 2024, Dana Carvey played the role.
In 2016, Greg Kinnear portrayed Biden in the HBO television film Confirmation, about the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings.
See also
- Bibliography of Joe Biden
- Electoral history of Joe Biden
- List of presidents of the United States
- List of presidents of the United States by previous experience
- List of things named after Joe Biden
Notes
- Biden held the chairmanship from January 3 to 20, then was succeeded by Jesse Helms until June 6, and thereafter held the position until 2003.
- Kyrsten Sinema and Joe Manchin, whose seats were not up for election in 2022, left the Democratic Party and became independent politicians in December 2022 and May 2024, respectively. As a result, 47 Democrats (rather than 49), plus Angus King and Bernie Sanders, independents who caucus with Democrats, were in the Senate of the 118th United States Congress, on May 31, 2024. Manchin continues to caucus with Democrats while Sinema has opted to caucus with neither party but to align with the Democrats, bringing the Democratic Senate majority to 51 seats.
- In 1981, President Ronald Reagan referred to the Armenian genocide in passing in a statement regarding The Holocaust, but never made a formal declaration recognizing it.
- The source defines "modern" presidents as all 7 presidents before Biden, or presidents since 1979, which comprise Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.
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{{cite magazine}}
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After the Supreme Court overturned Roe last June and allowed states to ban abortion, more than a dozen quickly imposed tight restrictions. Today, abortion is largely illegal in most of red America, even though polls suggest many voters in these states support at least some access.
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'Let me start off with two words: Made in America'
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But, boy, does he say some curious things. A day on the campaign trail without a cringe-inducing gaffe is a rare blessing. He has not been too blessed lately.... a human verbal wrecking crew.
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Works cited
- Bronner, Ethan (1989). Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-02690-0.
- Gadsden, Brett (October 8, 2012). Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0797-2.
- Mayer, Jane; Abramson, Jill (1994). Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-63318-2.
- Wolffe, Richard (2009). Renegade: The Making of a President. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-307-46312-8.
- Taylor, Paul (1990). See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-57059-4.
- Witcover, Jules (2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-179198-7.
Further reading
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2008). The Almanac of American Politics. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-89234-116-0.
- Draper, Robert (August 18, 2024). "Joe Biden's Interrupted Presidency". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
- Levingston, Steven; Dyson, Michael (2019). Barack and Joe: The Making of an Extraordinary Partnership. New York: Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-316-48788-7.
- Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook 1987. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
- Whipple, Chris (2023). The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden's White House. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-1-9821-0643-0.
External links
Library resources aboutJoe Biden
By Joe Biden
Official
- President Joe Biden official website
- Presidential campaign website at the Wayback Machine (archived July 18, 2024)
- Obama White House biography (archived)
- Senator Joseph R. Biden (1973–2009)
Other
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Joe Biden at IMDb
- Joe Biden collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Joe Biden at On the Issues
- Joe Biden at PolitiFact
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