Southern Uzbek language: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name=Southern Uzbek		\|name=Southern Uzbek
	\|nativename=اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک ~~تورکچه سی~~		\|nativename=اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه‌سی
	\|states=]		\|states=]
	\|ethnicity=]		\|ethnicity=]
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	\|date = 2017		\|date = 2017
	\|ref = e27		\|ref = e27
			\|speakers_label = Speakers
	\|familycolor = Altaic		\|familycolor = Altaic
	\|fam1=]		\|fam1=]
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	\|agency = ]		\|agency = ]
	}}		}}

			{{Arabic-script sidebar\|Persian}}

	'''Southern Uzbek''', also known as '''Afghan Uzbek''', is the southern variant of the ], spoken chiefly in ] with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers.<ref name=e27/> It uses the ] writing system in contrast to the language variant of ].		'''Southern Uzbek''', also known as '''Afghan Uzbek''', is the southern variant of the ], spoken chiefly in ] with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers.<ref name=e27/> It uses the ] writing system in contrast to the language variant of ].
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	]		]

	Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called ''Arab Yozuv'' ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to ], with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, '''"اۉ / ۉ"''' and '''"اې / ې"''' (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by '''"او / و"''' and '''"ای / ی"''' respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with '''"E e"''' and '''"Oʻ oʻ"'''. The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter '''"نگ"''', formerly (and currently in writing systems such as ]) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the ] sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wi'''ng'''man".		Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called ''Arab Yozuv'' عرب یازوو ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to ], with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, '''"اۉ / ۉ"''' and '''"اې / ې"''' (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by '''"او / و"''' and '''"ای / ی"''' respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with '''"E e"''' and '''"Oʻ oʻ"'''. The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter '''"نگ"''', formerly (and currently in writing systems such as ]) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the ] sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wi'''ng'''man".

	Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its ] rules, unlike other Turkic languages.<ref name=Asamura>Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. .</ref>		Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its ] rules, unlike other Turkic languages.<ref name=Asamura>Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. .</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
	\|+Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Sjoberg\|first1=Andrée F.\|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar\|series=Uralic and Altaic Series\|volume=18\|date=1963\|publisher=Indiana University\|location=Bloomington\|pages=16–18\|url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Uzbek%20Structural%20Grammar%20%28Sjoberg%29.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="DictionaryAimaq">Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) ()</ref>		\|+Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet (with alif at the beginning of words)<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Sjoberg\|first1=Andrée F.\|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar\|series=Uralic and Altaic Series\|volume=18\|date=1963\|publisher=Indiana University\|location=Bloomington\|pages=16–18\|url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Turkic/Uzbek%20Structural%20Grammar%20%28Sjoberg%29.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="DictionaryAimaq">Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) ()</ref>
	\|-align="center"		\|-align="center"
	! rowspan="2" \| Notes		! rowspan="2" \| Notes
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	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـه}}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـَه}}</span>
	\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـَ}}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـَ}}</span>
	\|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|اَ}}</span>		\|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|اَ}}</span>
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	\| I i \|\| И и		\| I i \|\| И и
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| rowspan=2~~ \| In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords ~~and its spelling depends on how vocabulary is spelled in Persian. For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred~~.		\| In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.
	\| rowspan=2 \|		\| rowspan=2 \|
	\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـې}}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـې}}</span>
	~~\| rowspan=2~~ \| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـېـ }}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـېـ }}</span>
	~~\| rowspan=2~~ \| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|اېـ}}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|اېـ}}</span>
	\| rowspan=2 \| E e \|\| rowspan=2 \| Э э / Е е		\| rowspan=2 \| E e \|\| rowspan=2 \| Э э / Е е
	\|-		\|-
			\| Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.<br />For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred to transliterate -e.
	\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـِه}}</span>		\| <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic\|ـِه}}</span>
			\| N/A
			\| N/A
	\|-		\|-
	\| Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.		\| Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.
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	'''Dictionaries'''		'''Dictionaries'''
	* () by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada		* () by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada
			* Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
			* Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
	*		*

Latest revision as of 22:35, 4 December 2024

Uzbek dialect spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Southern Uzbek
اۉزبېکچه, اۉزبېکی, اۉزبېک تورکچه‌سی

Native to	Afghanistan
Ethnicity	Uzbeks
Speakers	L1: 3.5 million (2017) L2: 1.1 million (2022)
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk Uzbek Southern Uzbek
Early forms	Middle Turkic Khorezmian Turkic Chagatai
Writing system	Perso-Arabic
Official status
Official language in	Afghanistan (3rd most spoken language)
Recognised minority language in	China
Regulated by	Afghan Ministry of Education
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`uzs`
Glottolog	`sout2699`
Linguasphere	`db 44-AAB-da, db`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Persian alphabet
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی
Perso-Arabic script
Transliteration Diacritics Hamza Numerals Numeration
v t e

Southern Uzbek, also known as Afghan Uzbek, is the southern variant of the Uzbek language, spoken chiefly in Afghanistan with up to 4.6 million speakers including first and second language speakers. It uses the Perso-Arabic writing system in contrast to the language variant of Uzbekistan.

Southern Uzbek is intelligible with the Northern Uzbek spoken in Uzbekistan to a certain degree. However, it has differences in grammar and also many more loan words from Dari, the local New Persian variety, in which many Southern Uzbek speakers are proficient.

Southern Uzbek Alphabet

Main article: Uzbek alphabet

Southern Uzbek is written using the Perso-Arabic writing system called Arab Yozuv عرب یازوو ("Arab Script"). The writing system is for the most part identical to Persian alphabet, with 3 additional letters. These include two vowels, "اۉ / ۉ" and "اې / ې" (optional in writing, and substitutable in practice by "او / و" and "ای / ی" respectively), which are meant to represent the sounds represented in Uzbek Latin Script with "E e" and "Oʻ oʻ". The alphabet also includes a combined consonant letter "نگ", formerly (and currently in writing systems such as Uyghur) shown with the letter "ڭ". This letter represents the sound /ŋ/, and represented in the Latin writing system with "-ng". This letter makes the Voiced velar nasal sound, where in English one can for example hear when pronouncing the word "wingman".

Uzbek has 6 vowels, and it has lost its vowel harmony rules, unlike other Turkic languages.

Table of Vowels in Uzbek Arabic Alphabet (with alif at the beginning of words)
Notes	IPA	Arabic			Latin	Cyrillic
Notes	IPA	Final	Medial	Initial	Latin	Cyrillic
		ـَه‎	ـَ‎	اَ‎	A a	А а
		ـا‎		آ‎	‌ O o	О о
		ـِی‎	ـِیـ‎	اِیـ‎	I i	И и
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by ی. Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords.		ـې‎	ـېـ ‎	اېـ‎	E e	Э э / Е е
Final -e is limited to Persian loanwords. For loanwords from other languages than Persian, ـِه is preferred to transliterate -e.		ـِه‎	N/A	N/A	E e	Э э / Е е
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.		N/A	ـِ ‎	اِ‎	I i E e	И и Э э / Е е
		ـُو‎		اُو‎	‌ U u	У у
In unvocalized spelling, it may be substituted by و.		ـۉ‎		اۉ‎	Oʻ oʻ	Ў ў
Only used in Persian and Arabic loanwords.		N/A	ـُ‎	اُ‎	U u Oʻ oʻ	У у Ў ў

Other than the additional combined letter "نگ / -ng", the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of Persian. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters "ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع" are not used for writing of native Uzbek words. They are solely used for writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages.

Letter				Latin	IPA
Final	Medial	Initial	Isolated	Latin	IPA
ـب‎	ـبـ‎	بـ‎	ب‎	B b	/b/
ـپ‎	ـپـ‎	پـ‎	پ‎	P p	/p/
ـت‎	ـتـ‎	تـ‎	ت‎	T t	/t/
ـث‎	ـثـ‎	ثـ‎	ث‎	S s	/s/
ـج‎	ـجـ‎	جـ‎	ج‎	J j	/dʒ/
ـچ‎	ـچـ‎	چـ‎	چ‎	Ch ch	/tʃ/
ـح‎	ـحـ‎	حـ‎	ح‎	H h	/h/
ـخ‎	ـخـ‎	خـ‎	خ‎	X x	/x/
ـد‎		د‎	د‎	D d	/d/
ـذ‎		ذ‎	ذ‎	Z z	/z/
ـر‎		ر‎	ر‎	R r	/r/
ـز‎		ز‎	ز‎	Z z	/z/
ـژ‎		ژ‎	ژ‎	J j	/ʒ/
ـس‎	ـسـ‎	سـ‎	س‎	S s	/s/
ـش‎	ـشـ‎	شـ‎	ش‎	Sh Sh	/ʃ/
ـص‎	ـصـ‎	صـ‎	ص‎	S s	/s/
ـض‎	ـضـ‎	ضـ‎	ض‎	Z z	/z/
ـط‎	ـطـ‎	طـ‎	ط‎	T t	/t/
ـظ‎	ـظـ‎	ظـ‎	ظ‎	Z z	/z/
ـع‎	ـعـ‎	عـ‎	ع‎	ʻ	/ʔ/
ـغ‎	ـغـ‎	غـ‎	غ‎	Gʻ gʻ	/ɣ~ʁ/
ـف‎	ـفـ‎	فـ‎	ف‎	F f	/f/
ـق‎	ـقـ‎	قـ‎	ق‎	Q q	/q/
ـک‎	ـکـ‎	کـ‎	ک‎	K k	/k/
ـگ‎	ـگـ‎	گـ‎	گ‎	G g	/g/
ـم‎	ـمـ‎	مـ‎	م‎	M m	/m/
ـن‎	ـنـ‎	نـ‎	ن‎	N n	/n/
ـنگ‎	ـنگـ‎	-‎	نگ‎	-ng	/ŋ/
ـو‎		و‎	و‎	V v	/v/
ـه‎	ـهـ‎	هـ‎	ه‎	H h	/h/
ـی‎	ـیـ‎	یـ‎	ی‎	‌ Y y	/j/
-‎	ـئـ / ـأ / ـؤ‎	ئـ / أ / ؤ‎	ء‎	ʻ	/ʔ/

References

^ Southern Uzbek at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
Scott Newton (20 November 2014). Law and the Making of the Soviet World: The Red Demiurge. Routledge. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-317-92978-9.
"Uzbek, Southern".
Asamura, Takao. “Longing for Legacy: Vowel Harmony in the Uzbek Standard Language, 1924-1934.” Russian and East European Studies 2007, no. 36 (2007): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.5823/jarees.2007.48.
Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963). Uzbek Structural Grammar (PDF). Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 18. Bloomington: Indiana University. pp. 16–18.
Uzbek Turki to Persian/Dari Dictionary, authored by D. Faizullah Aimaq (فرهنگ تورکی اوزبیکی به فارسی/ دری، تألیف داکتر فیض الله ایماق) (Archive)

External links

Dictionaries

Uzbek to Persian/Dari Dictionary (Archive) by Dr. Faizullah Aimaq, Toronto, Canada
Uzbek to Persian/Dari Dictionary (Volume 1) Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
Uzbek to Persian/Dari Dictionary (Volume 2) Both Latin and Arabic orthography. (2007) By Muhammadhalim Yarqin, Tehran, Iran
Word translator from Southern Uzbek to Farsi

v t e Languages of Uzbekistan
Official language	Uzbek
Regional languages	Karakalpak
Minority languages	Kazakh Parya Russian Tajik Uyghur
Sign languages	Russian Sign Language

v t e Languages of Afghanistan
Official languages	Dari Pashto	Afghanistan portal
Regional languages	Balochi Nuristani (language family) Pashayi Tajiki Turkmen Uzbek
Minority languages	Ashkun Brahui Katë Khowar Kyrgyz Moghol Pamiri Ishkashimi Munji Shughni Yidgha Prasun Tregami Waigali Wakhi Zemiaki
Sign languages	Afghan Sign Language

Languages of China

Official

Standard Chinese

Regional

ARs / SARs	Cantonese English Mongolian Portuguese Tibetan Uyghur Zhuang
Prefecture	Hmong Kam Bouyei Tujia Korean Qiang Yi Kyrgyz Kazakh Tai Nüa Tai Lü Zaiwa Lisu Bai Hani Zhuang
Counties/Banners	numerous

Indigenous

Sino-Tibetan languages

Hanoish	Akeu Akha Amu Angluo Asuo Baihong Bisu Budu Bukong Cosao Duoni Duota Enu Habei Hani Honi Jino Kabie Kaduo Lami Laomian Laopin Mpi Muda Nuobi Nuomei Phana’ Piyo Qidi Sadu Sangkong Suobi Tsukong Woni Yiche
Lisoish	Eka Hlersu Kua-nsi Kuamasi Laizisi Lalo Lamu Lavu Lawu Limi Lipo Lisu Lolopo Mangdi Micha Mili Sonaga Toloza Xuzhang Yangliu Zibusi
Nisoish	Alingpo Alugu Aluo Axi Azha Azhe Bokha Gepo Khlula Lope Moji Muji Muzi Nasu Nisu Nuosu Phala Phola Phowa Phukha Phuma Phupa Phupha Phuza Samei Sani Thopho Zokhuo
Other	Gokhy Katso Kucong Lahu Naruo Namuyi Naxi Nusu Samu Sanie Zauzou

Qiangic

Tibetic

Other

Other languages

Austroasiatic

Hmong-Mien

Hmongic	A-Hmao Bu-Nao Gejia Guiyang Hm Nai Hmong Hmu Huishui Kiong Nai Luobohe Mashan Pa-Hng Pa Na Pingtang Qo Xiong Raojia Sheyu Small Flowery Xixiu Younuo
Mienic	Biao Min Dzao Min Iu Mien Kim Mun

Mongolic

Kra-Dai

Zhuang	Bouyei Dai Min Ningming Nong Tai Dam Tai Dón Tai Hongjin Tai Lü Tai Nüa Tai Ya Yang Yei
Other	Ai-Cham Biao Buyang Cao Miao Chadong Cun Gelao Hlai Jiamao Kam Lakkja Mak Maonan Mulam Naxi Yao Ong Be Paha Qabiao Sui Then

Tungusic

Turkic

Other

Sarikoli (Indo-European)
Tsat (Austronesian)
Formosan languages (Austronesian)

Minority

Varieties of
Chinese

Danzhou
Mandarin
- Northeastern
- Beijing
- Ji-Lu
- Jiao-Liao
- Zhongyuan
  - Lan-Yin
- Jin
- Southwestern
  - Sichuanese
- Southeastern
Gan
Hakka
Hui
Mai
Min
- Southern
  - Hokkien
  - Teoswa
  - Hainanese
- Eastern
- Puxian
- Central
- Northern
- Shaojiang
Ping
Shaozhou Tuhua
Shehua
Wu
- Chu–Qu
- Oujiang
- Taihu
  - Jinxiang
  - Northwestern
    - Changzhou
    - Hangzhou
  - Northern Zhejiang
    - Ningbo
    - Shaoxing
  - Su–Jia–Hu
    - Shanghainese
    - Suzhou
    - Wuxi
- Taizhou
  - Taizhou proper
- Wuzhou
  - Jinhua
- Xuanzhou
Xiang
- New
- Old
Yue
- Cantonese

Creole/Mixed

Extinct

Sign

GX = Guangxi
HK = Hong Kong
MC = Macau
NM = Inner Mongolia
XJ = Xinjiang
XZ = Tibet

Turkic languages

Proto-language

Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic

Argu

Karluk

Western	Northern Uzbek Southern Uzbek
Eastern	Ili Turki Uyghur Khoton Lop Äynu
Old	Chagatai Karakhanid Khorezmian

Kipchak

Bulgar	Bashkir Tatar Mishar Tatar Nagaibak Old Tatar
Cuman	Armeno-Kipchak Crimean Tatar Cuman Karachay-Balkar Karaim Krymchak Kumyk Mamluk-Kipchak Urum
Kyrgyz	Fergana Kipchak Kyrgyz Pamir Kyrgyz Siberian Tatar Baraba Tom Southern Altai Telengit Teleut
Nogai	Dobrujan Tatar Karakalpak Kazakh Nogai Siberian Tatar Tobol-Irtysh

Oghuz

Salar

Eastern	Khorasani Turkic Turkmen Trukhmen
Southern	Afshari Chaharmahali Turkic Qashqai Sonqori
Western	Azerbaijani North Azerbaijani South Azerbaijani Ajem-Turkic Balkan Gagauz Gagauz Karapapakh Turkish Karamanli Turkish Old Anatolian Turkish Ottoman Turkish