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{{short description|London Underground station}}
Euston Underground Station is on the ] branch of the ], this is between ] and ]. On the ] branch it is between ] and ]. It is also on the ] between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras. It connects directly to the ] above it.
{{About||the National Rail station|Euston railway station|the nearby Underground station on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines|Euston Square tube station}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox London station|symbol=underground
| name = Euston
| alt_name =
| manager = ]
| manager1 =
| owner =
| owner1 =
| locale = ]
| borough = ]
| platforms = 6
| fare_zone = 1
| fare_zone_1 =
| railcode =
| image_name = Euston Underground Station 2020 entrance.jpg
| image_alt = Passengers cross a paved concourse towards escalators that head down into the station entrance. A large "Underground" sign is suspended from a pole above the entrance.
| caption = Entrance to the Underground station within the main line station
| coordinates = {{coord|51.5284|-0.1331|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = Central London
| years1 = 12 May 1907
| years2 = 22 June 1907
| years3 = 8 August 1922
| years4 = 20 April 1924
| years5 = 1 December 1968
| years6 =
| years7 =
| years8 =
| events1 = Opened (C&SLR)
| events2 = Opened (CCE&HR)
| events3 = Closed for rebuilding (C&SLR)
| events4 = Reopened (C&SLR)
| events5 = Opened (Victoria line)
| events6 =
| events7 =
| events8 =
<!--| tubeexits06 = 25.67
| tubeexits07 = {{increase}} 25.78
| tubeexits08 = {{increase}} 28.13
| tubeexits09 = {{increase}} 31.12-->
| interchange = ] {{rail-interchange|london|overground}} {{rail-interchange|london|rail}}
| interchange1 = ] {{rail-interchange|london|underground}}
| interchange_note = <ref>{{Citation London station interchange June 2020}}</ref>
}}


'''Euston''' is a ] station. It directly connects with ] above it. The station is in ] ].
== Charing Cross, Euston, and Hampstead Railway ==


Euston was constructed as two separate underground stations. Three of the four Northern line platforms date from the station's opening in 1907. The fourth Northern line platform and the two Victoria line platforms were constructed in the 1960s when the station was significantly altered to accommodate the Victoria line. Plans for ] and ] both include proposals to modify the station to provide interchanges with the new services.
Euston Station (on the ]) opened as part of the original Charing Cross, Euston, and Hampstead Railway (CCEHR) (now the Charing Cross branch of the Northern Line). Original plans for the route were to have it bypass Euston on its way to Camden Town, so that the line could be straight. However the wisdom of bypassing a busy railway station which would provide customers was soon questioned, and the line was changed, leading to the line running on an east-west axis through Euston station. Since it was an independant company from the mainline station, exit (via lifts from the west end of the platforms) was to a seperate building slightly west of the station.


The station serves two branches of the ] and the ]. On the Northern line's ] branch, the station is between ] and ] stations. On the line's ] branch, it is between ] and ] stations. On the Victoria line, it is between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras stations. The station is near ] allowing connections at street level to the ], ] and ] lines.
== City and South London Railway ==


==History==
The City and South London Railway (CSLR) (now the Bank branch of the Northern Line) opened a station at Euston as the terminus for their northern extension, hoping to allow it to increase passenger numbers by the addition of people heading to the City having arrived from other parts of the country. Their station consisted of a single wide platform in a large tunnel (as this was their standard design at the time), connected to the surface by lifts leading from stairs at the west end of their platform. The surface building, on Eversholt Street, however, was quite unusual - it was designed in an elaborate morrocan style of stonework, in order to garner the attention of people leaving Euston (which was slightly to the west).


===Northern line===
== Connection to the Mainline ==


====Planning====
The west end of the CLSR platform was remarkably close to the east end of the CCEHR platforms, and since the companies were not in competition, it was decided to make an underground connection between the two. This consisted of a passage being built from near the CLSR lifts to the east end of the CCEHR platforms, unusually leading UP to the CCEHR platforms, as the CLSR was somewhat lower down (and to the south).
An underground station to serve Euston station was first proposed by the ] in 1891.<ref name=LG_01>{{London Gazette |issue=26226 |date=24 November 1891 |pages=6324–6326 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ]'s original underground line, opened in 1863, had a station at the junction of ] and ], but this is approximately {{convert|250|m|ft}} south-west of the main line station. Originally, named "Gower Street", the station was renamed "]" in 1909.{{sfn|Rose|1999}}|group="n"}} The company planned a route to run from ] in ] to ] in ] with a branch diverging from the main route to run under ] to serve Euston, ] and ] stations.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=58}} Following parliamentary review of the proposals and a change in name to the ] (CCE&HR), permission was granted for the route in 1893, although the branch line was only permitted as far as Euston.<ref name=LG_02>{{London Gazette |issue=26435 |date=25 August 1893 |page=4825 }}</ref>


For the remainder of the 1890s, the CCE&HR struggled unsuccessfully to raise the necessary ] to fund construction of the new line.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=118}} Whilst doing so it continued to develop its route proposals. In 1899, parliamentary permission was obtained to modify the route so that the Euston branch was extended northwards to connect to the main route at the south end of ]. The section of the main route between the two ends of the loop was omitted.<ref name=1898Bill>{{London Gazette |issue=27025 |date=22 November 1898 |pages=7134–7136 }}</ref><ref name=1899Act>{{London Gazette |issue=27107 |date=11 August 1899 |pages=5011–5012 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|A separate proposal in 1899 by the ] for a branch from its planned line near ] to Euston was rejected by Parliament. The station building would have been located in Cardington Street.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=84}}|group="n"}} In 1900, the CCE&HR was taken over by a consortium led by American financier ] which raised the necessary finance.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=118}}
At the same time, another passageway was created, leading from the connecting passage to a new set of lifts (and emergency stairs) which surfaced within Euston itself. Though the companies continued to maintain their own seperate entrances, and the seperate lifts, it soon became clear that maintaining three entrances so close to each other was ridiculous, and so the seperate buildings closed, leaving only the exit surfacing in the mainline station. The original exits continued to exist for ventilation reasons, however, the elaborate morroccan design of the CLSR building was lost when it was controversially demolished for a building project.


The same year, a proposal was presented to Parliament by the Islington and Euston Railway (I&ER) for an extension of the ] (C&SLR) from ] to Euston.<ref name=Gazette_19>{{London Gazette |date=23 November 1900 |issue=27249 |pages=7482–7483 }}</ref> At the time, the C&SLR was in the process of constructing an extension to Angel from its recently opened terminus at ].{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=96}}{{#tag:ref|The C&SLR was suffering from a poor financial reputation at the time due to what was seen as the wasteful abandonment of its original terminal at ] when the extension to Moorgate was built. The I&ER was constituted as a nominally separate company to avoid this poor reputation, though it shared a chairman with the C&SLR.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=96}}|group="n"}} The extension plan was initially permitted in 1901, but delays in the parliamentary process meant that it had to be re-submitted the following year. The second submission was opposed by the ], which saw the extension as competition to its service between King's Cross and Moorgate, and the plan was rejected.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=139}} A third attempt, presented to parliament in November 1902 by the C&SLR itself, was successful and approved in 1903.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=47}}
== The Victoria Line ==


====Construction and opening====
The Victoria Line was designed to be a connecting service to take the weight off other lines. As such, it was decided that it would be a good idea to have cross platform access where possible. At the same time, the single CLSR platform was getting dangerously congested, so it was decided to build a new CLSR northbound platform some way to the south, fill in the old northbound track to expand the southbound platform, and run the Victoria line between the two.
]
With funding obtained, tunnelling for the CCE&HR was carried out between September 1903 and December 1905, after which the station buildings and fitting-out of the tunnels commenced.{{sfn|Wolmar|2005|p=185}} The C&SLR's Euston extension was constructed at the same time from the newly opened Angel station and opened on 12 May 1907,{{sfn|Rose|1999}} with the station building designed by ] located on the east side of Eversholt Street.{{sfn|Connor|2006|p=125}} The CCE&HR opened on 22 June 1907;{{sfn|Rose|1999}} its building, designed by ], is located at the corner of Drummond Street and Melton Street.{{sfn|Connor|2006|p=125}}
] station building on the corner of Drummond Street and Melton Street|alt=A red tiled building sited on a corner of a road junction. Five large, semi-circular windows fill much of the upper storey with the two on the corner removed and replaced with ventilation grilles.]]
Although built and initially operated as two separate stations by the two companies, the C&SLR and the CCE&HR platforms were sufficiently close together that a deep level interchange was constructed between the passages of the two stations with a small ticket office for passengers changing between the lines. Another passage led to lifts that surfaced within the main line station itself. With the entrance within the main line station able to serve both sets of platforms satisfactorily, the separate station buildings were considered unnecessary, and they both closed on 30 September 1914.{{sfn|Connor|2006|p=125}} The CCE&HR building remains (converted for use as an ]), but the C&SLR's building was demolished in 1934 to enable the construction of ] for the ].{{sfn|Connor|2006|p=125}}
{{clear left}}


====Reconstruction and extension====
The decision was made to have both southbound platforms (i.e. one from the old CLSR, and one from the Victoria line) connected together, and likewise for the northbound platforms. This resulted in a peculiar feature of the station in that although the victoria line trains heading southbound are parrallel to the CLSR trains heading southbound, they actually run in opposite directions, likewise the northbound.
Most of the C&SLR's route had been constructed with tunnels {{convert|10|ft|2|in}} or {{convert|10|ft|6|in}} in diameter, smaller than the {{convert|11|ft|6|in}} diameter that had been adopted as the standard for the CCE&HR and other deep level tube lines.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|pp=55–56}}{{#tag:ref|The only section of the C&SLR's tunnels constructed with 11 ft 6 in diameter tunnels was the section between ] and ].{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=86}}|group="n"}} The smaller tunnel size restricted the capacity of the C&SLR's trains and, in 1912, the C&SLR published a bill for their enlargement.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=22 November 1912 |issue=28665 |pages=8802–8805 }}
</ref> A separate bill was published at the same time by the ] (LER),{{#tag:ref|The LER was formed by the Underground Group in 1910 through a merger of the CCE&HR with its two other deep level railways, the ] and the ].<ref>{{London Gazette |date=23 November 1909 |issue=28311 |pages=8816–8818 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |date=29 July 1910 |issue=28402 |pages=5497–5498 }}</ref>|group="n"}} that included plans to construct tunnels to connect the C&SLR at Euston to the CCE&HR's station at ].<ref>{{London Gazette |date=22 November 1912 |issue=28665 |pages=8798–8801 }}</ref> Together, the works proposed in these bills would enable trains of each company to run over the route of the other, effectively combining the two separate railways. The reconstruction and extension works were postponed during ] and did not begin until 1922. The C&SLR platforms and the tunnels between Euston and Moorgate were closed for the reconstruction on 8 August 1922.{{sfn|Rose|1999}} They reopened on 20 April 1924 along with the new link to Camden Town.{{sfn|Rose|1999}}


===London & North Western Railway===
As part of the construction works, new interchange passages were created above the CCEHR platform level, and two escalator shafts put in to replace the ageing, and busy, lifts. From the interchange level, escalators were put in to connect to the 2 new wide circulating areas for the southbound CLSR/Victoria Line and northbound CLSR/Victoria Line platforms. A passaageway connecting between the south and northbound platforms was made, so as to avoid necessitating the use of the escalators, and an emergency stair to the upper interchange level inserted midway along it. Then on ], ] the whole new interchange system was opened and the old passages were closed off, and changed to function as ventilation.
]
In 1906, the ] (LNWR), operator of the main line station, announced proposals to construct an underground station of its own. The company planned to construct new tracks parallel with its ], the first section of which would have been constructed as a single-track loop {{convert|1588|yd|m}} long and {{convert|55|ft|6|in|m}} deep beneath the surface station. The single platform underground station would have been close to the CCE&HR's platforms.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|pp=268–269}} The proposal was presented to Parliament in November 1906 and received ] on 26 July 1907.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27970 |pages=8181–8182 |date=23 November 1906 }}</ref>{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=269}} The LNWR did not proceed with the loop plan and the underground station, which were dropped in 1911.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=270}}{{#tag:ref|Instead, the LNWR's trains for the new line operated from the surface station and the company collaborated with the ] to extend ] services from ] to ] in tunnel, where they met the LNWR's new line.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=270}} Bakerloo services started to Queen's Park in February 1915, before extension to ] in May 1915 and on to ] in April 1917.{{sfn|Rose|1999}}{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=270}}|group="n"}}


===Victoria line===
Unfortunately, because of the combination of the CLSR and the CCEHR into the Northern Line (and the subsequently confusing signage), and also due to the confusing nature of the interchange level as a series of parrallel tunnels meeting circulating areas for each of the escalators in turn (i.e. CCEHR steps, Up to mainline, CLSR/Victoria southbound, Down from mainline and stair to CLSR/Victoria southbound-northbound interchange, CLSR/Victoria northbound), the station is regarded as one of the most confusing on the whole Underground.


== Future Plans == ====Planning====
Plans for the route that eventually became the Victoria line date from the 1940s. A proposal for a new underground railway line linking north-east London with the centre was included in the '']'' in 1943.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=143}} Between 1946 and 1954, a series of routes were proposed by different transport authorities to connect various places in south and north or north-east London. Each of these connected the three main line termini at King's Cross, Euston and ].{{#tag:ref|In 1946, the Railway (London Plan) Committee published a report including ''"Route 8 – South to North link from East Croydon to Finsbury Park"'', a main line service running between ] and ] in tunnel via ], ], ], Victoria, ], Euston, King's Cross and ].<ref name="Route_8">{{harvnb|Railway (London Plan) Committee|1946}}</ref> In 1947, the ] produced a plan for a similar route for a tube line running into north-east London. This ran between ] or ] and ] or ].<ref name=culg>{{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/victoria.html#history |title=Victoria Line – History |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |date=11 November 2014 |access-date=6 April 2015}}</ref> These plans were reviewed by the ] in 1949 and a feasibility study was recommended. This became a combined route, ''"Route C"'' running between Walthamstow and Victoria.<ref name=culg/>{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=148}}|group="n"}} A route was approved in 1955 with future extensions to be decided later,{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=153}} though funding for the construction was not approved by the government until 1962.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=160}}


====Construction and opening====
Euston is notable for not having the ] serving the station within the complex. However ] is just 250m away and officially serves as an interchange for the Circle, ] and ] Lines. However, some plans see a direct connection being made as part of a new transport interchange project (though alternative plans have Euston Square connecting to Warren Street which is also very close to it)
]
At Euston, major reconstruction works were undertaken to incorporate the new Victoria line platforms so that ]s could be provided with the Northern line's Bank branch—the former C&SLR route to King's Cross and ]. Unlike the Charing Cross branch tracks, which were in separate tunnels with side platforms, the Bank branch tracks served an island platform in a single large tunnel.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|pp=160,168}} These platforms suffered from dangerous overcrowding at peak times. To provide cross-platform interchange, a new section of tunnel was constructed for northbound Bank branch trains, which were diverted to a new platform south of the original alignment.{{#tag:ref|The diversion took place on Sunday 15 October 1967.<ref><!--the cited website states poster is from 1968, but Sunday 15 October was in 1967 not 1968-->{{cite web |url=http://www.abandonedstations.org.uk/Euston_station.html |title=Euston (poster image) |website=Abandonedstations.org.uk |access-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>|group="n"}} The redundant northbound track bed in the station tunnel was filled in to form a wider southbound platform. The new Victoria line platforms were excavated between and parallel to the original and the new Bank branch tunnels.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=168}} Each pair of platforms was linked via a concourse served by escalators.{{#tag:ref|This arrangement results in an unusual feature of the station: a passenger changing between the Victoria line and Northern line Bank branch will find that trains on adjacent platforms travel in opposite directions even though both are either northbound or southbound (]).|group="n"}}
]
In conjunction with the reconstruction of the main line station above, a new ticket hall was excavated below the concourse with two sets of escalators replacing the lifts. The escalators provide access to and from an intermediate passenger circulation level, which, in turn, gives access to the Northern line Charing Cross branch platforms and two further sets of escalators; one set each serving the northbound and southbound Victoria and Northern line Bank branch platforms.{{sfn|Day|Reed|2010|p=168}} Interchanges between the northbound and southbound Victoria and Northern Bank Line platforms are made via a passageway at the lower level so as to avoid the need to use the escalators. An emergency stair to the intermediate interchange level is located midway along the passageway. The Victoria line platforms opened on 1 December 1968 when the second section of the line was opened between ] and Warren Street.{{sfn|Rose|1999}} Disused passages remain with tiling and posters from the 1960s.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.lurs.org.uk/articles14_htm_files/5%20report%20of%20soc%20meetings.pdf|title=Report of Society Meeting|publisher=London Underground Rail Society|date=10 June 2014|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>


==Future proposals==
There are also plans to rebuild the interchange level as part of an mobility impairment accessibility project, possibly restoring use of some of the disused lower level interchange passageways.
Unlike the neighbouring main line termini, ] and ], Euston is not served by the ], ] and ]s. ], which is served by these lines,<ref name=tubemap>{{cite map/Standard Tube Map}}</ref> is approximately {{convert|250|m|yd}} to the south-west.<ref>{{cite web |title=Euston Tube Station |website=Google Maps |access-date=12 July 2015 |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/London+Euston/@51.5269385,-0.134769,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x48761b2434dc939d:0xf013e9bff71325df}}</ref> Plans for the redevelopment of the main line station for ] (HS2) include the construction of a direct connection to Euston Square.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.eustonareaplan.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/EAP-Adopted-January-2015-complete.pdf#page=101 |title=Euston Area Plan – A new plan for the Euston Area |date=January 2015 |publisher=]/]/] |page=101 |access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> The CCE&HR station building on Melton Street sits within the HS2 development site area and will be demolished to make way for the station.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hs2ineuston.commonplace.is/schemes/proposals/replacement-london-underground-substation-vent-shaft/details |work=HS2 in Camden |title=Replacement London Underground Substation & Vent Shaft |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>


Proposals for ] include an ] serving Euston and St Pancras that will be integrated with the existing London Underground station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://crossrail2.co.uk/the-route/ |title=The Route |work=] |publisher=]/]/] |access-date=27 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315033711/http://crossrail2.co.uk/the-route/ |archive-date=15 March 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Crossrail 2 2018">{{cite web | title=Euston St. Pancras | website=Crossrail 2 | date=30 May 2018 | url=https://crossrail2.co.uk/stations/euston/ | access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref>
The management of the Northern Line would like to see the two parts of the line (i.e. the Bank branch and the Charing Cross branch) seperated into two individual lines with seperate identities. This would make the signage at the interchange level significantly clearer (as well as solve many operational problems and confusion of passengers trying to find the right train at Camden Town).

A new underground line between Euston and ] has been suggested and is being considered by the government.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smale |first=Katherine |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/exclusive-canary-wharf-group-in-talks-about-rail-link-to-euston/10041923.article |title=Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston |date=11 April 2019 |publisher=] |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

==Services==
The station is in ] and has six platforms. On the Northern line's Bank branch the station is between Camden Town and King's Cross St Pancras. On the line's Charing Cross branch it is between Mornington Crescent and Warren Street. On the Victoria line it is between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras.<ref name=tubemap/> Train frequencies vary throughout the day, but generally, Northern line trains operate every 2–6 minutes from approximately 05:49 to 00:45 northbound and 05:49 to 00:28 southbound. Victoria line trains operate every 1–6 minutes from approximately 05:41 to 00:42 northbound and 05:31 to 00:26 southbound.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fandlnor-wtt-55.pdf |title=Northern line – First and Last trains |publisher=] |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=27 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627170618/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/fandlnor-wtt-55.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/flvic-wtt-37.pdf |title=Victoria line – First and Last trains |publisher=] |date=8 March 2015 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627161231/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/flvic-wtt-37.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Adjacent stations|system=London Underground|noclear=y
|line1=Northern|left1=Camden Town|right1=King's Cross St Pancras|type1=Bank
|line2=Northern|left2=Mornington Crescent|right2=Warren Street|type2=Charing Cross
|line3=Victoria|left3=Warren Street|right3=King's Cross St Pancras
}}

==Connections==
] routes are served by ] outside the main line station.<ref name=daybus>{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/bus-route-maps/euston-170617.pdf |title=Buses from Euston |publisher=Transport for London |date=17 June 2017 |access-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801034521/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/bus-route-maps/euston-170617.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=nightbus>{{cite web |date=31 August 2013 |access-date=14 July 2015 |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/euston-night-310813.pdf |title=Night buses from Euston |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714165356/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/euston-night-310813.pdf |publisher=Transport for London |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notes and references==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group="n"}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Badsey-Ellis |first=Antony |title=London's Lost Tube Schemes |year=2005 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=185414-293-3 }}
*{{cite book |last=Connor |first=J.E. |title=London's Disused Underground Stations |orig-year=1999 |year=2006 |edition=2nd |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-250-X }}
*{{cite book |last=Day |first= John R |last2=Reed |first2=John |orig-year=1963 |year=2010 |edition=11th |title=The Story of London's Underground |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=978-1-85414-341-9 }}
*{{cite book |last=Railway (London Plan) Committee |title=Report to the Minister of War Transport |publisher=] |year=1946 |url=http://alondoninheritance.com/london-transport/londons-railways-planning-for-peace/ }}
*{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Douglas |title=The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History |year=1999 |orig-year=1980 |edition=7th |publisher=Douglas Rose/Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-219-4 }}
*{{cite book |last=Wolmar |first=Christian |author-link = Christian Wolmar |title = The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever |publisher = Atlantic Books |orig-year=2004 |year=2005 |isbn=1-84354-023-1 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Euston tube station}}
*
*
** {{LTM archive|1998-56480|Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway station building, 1915}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-86931|City & South London Railway station building}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-58672|Station entrance from main line platform, 1915}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-81719|Station entrance from main line platform, 1932}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-58657|Station entrance from main line platform, 1951}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-63377|Victoria line Platform tiling showing Euston Arch motif, 1969}}

{{Northern line navbox}}
{{Victoria line navbox}}
{{Chelsea–Hackney line navbox}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
] <!-- C&SLR, CCE&HR -->
] <!-- Victoria line -->

Latest revision as of 20:45, 1 April 2024

London Underground station For the National Rail station, see Euston railway station. For the nearby Underground station on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, see Euston Square tube station.

Euston London Underground
Passengers cross a paved concourse towards escalators that head down into the station entrance. A large "Underground" sign is suspended from a pole above the entrance.Entrance to the Underground station within the main line station
Euston is located in Central LondonEustonEustonLocation of Euston in Central London
LocationEuston Road
Local authorityLondon Borough of Camden
Managed byLondon Underground
Number of platforms6
Fare zone1
OSIEuston London Overground National Rail
Euston Square London Underground
London Underground annual entry and exit
2019Increase 41.09 million
2020Decrease 8.79 million
2021Increase 15.88 million
2022Increase 27.69 million
2023Increase 29.97 million
Key dates
12 May 1907Opened (C&SLR)
22 June 1907Opened (CCE&HR)
8 August 1922Closed for rebuilding (C&SLR)
20 April 1924Reopened (C&SLR)
1 December 1968Opened (Victoria line)
Other information
External links
Coordinates51°31′42″N 0°07′59″W / 51.5284°N 0.1331°W / 51.5284; -0.1331
London transport portal

Euston is a London Underground station. It directly connects with its National Rail railway station above it. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1.

Euston was constructed as two separate underground stations. Three of the four Northern line platforms date from the station's opening in 1907. The fourth Northern line platform and the two Victoria line platforms were constructed in the 1960s when the station was significantly altered to accommodate the Victoria line. Plans for High Speed 2 and Crossrail 2 both include proposals to modify the station to provide interchanges with the new services.

The station serves two branches of the Northern line and the Victoria line. On the Northern line's Bank branch, the station is between Camden Town and King's Cross St Pancras stations. On the line's Charing Cross branch, it is between Mornington Crescent and Warren Street stations. On the Victoria line, it is between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras stations. The station is near Euston Square station allowing connections at street level to the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines.

History

Northern line

Planning

An underground station to serve Euston station was first proposed by the Hampstead, St Pancras & Charing Cross Railway in 1891. The company planned a route to run from Heath Street in Hampstead to Strand in Charing Cross with a branch diverging from the main route to run under Drummond Street to serve Euston, St Pancras and King's Cross stations. Following parliamentary review of the proposals and a change in name to the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR), permission was granted for the route in 1893, although the branch line was only permitted as far as Euston.

For the remainder of the 1890s, the CCE&HR struggled unsuccessfully to raise the necessary capital to fund construction of the new line. Whilst doing so it continued to develop its route proposals. In 1899, parliamentary permission was obtained to modify the route so that the Euston branch was extended northwards to connect to the main route at the south end of Camden High Street. The section of the main route between the two ends of the loop was omitted. In 1900, the CCE&HR was taken over by a consortium led by American financier Charles Yerkes which raised the necessary finance.

The same year, a proposal was presented to Parliament by the Islington and Euston Railway (I&ER) for an extension of the City and South London Railway (C&SLR) from Angel to Euston. At the time, the C&SLR was in the process of constructing an extension to Angel from its recently opened terminus at Moorgate Street. The extension plan was initially permitted in 1901, but delays in the parliamentary process meant that it had to be re-submitted the following year. The second submission was opposed by the Metropolitan Railway, which saw the extension as competition to its service between King's Cross and Moorgate, and the plan was rejected. A third attempt, presented to parliament in November 1902 by the C&SLR itself, was successful and approved in 1903.

Construction and opening

Map
Locations of the two companies' stations highlighted on a 1914 map

With funding obtained, tunnelling for the CCE&HR was carried out between September 1903 and December 1905, after which the station buildings and fitting-out of the tunnels commenced. The C&SLR's Euston extension was constructed at the same time from the newly opened Angel station and opened on 12 May 1907, with the station building designed by Sidney Smith located on the east side of Eversholt Street. The CCE&HR opened on 22 June 1907; its building, designed by Leslie Green, is located at the corner of Drummond Street and Melton Street.

A red tiled building sited on a corner of a road junction. Five large, semi-circular windows fill much of the upper storey with the two on the corner removed and replaced with ventilation grilles.
The disused CCE&HR station building on the corner of Drummond Street and Melton Street

Although built and initially operated as two separate stations by the two companies, the C&SLR and the CCE&HR platforms were sufficiently close together that a deep level interchange was constructed between the passages of the two stations with a small ticket office for passengers changing between the lines. Another passage led to lifts that surfaced within the main line station itself. With the entrance within the main line station able to serve both sets of platforms satisfactorily, the separate station buildings were considered unnecessary, and they both closed on 30 September 1914. The CCE&HR building remains (converted for use as an electrical substation), but the C&SLR's building was demolished in 1934 to enable the construction of Euston House for the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

Reconstruction and extension

Most of the C&SLR's route had been constructed with tunnels 10 feet 2 inches (3.10 m) or 10 feet 6 inches (3.20 m) in diameter, smaller than the 11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m) diameter that had been adopted as the standard for the CCE&HR and other deep level tube lines. The smaller tunnel size restricted the capacity of the C&SLR's trains and, in 1912, the C&SLR published a bill for their enlargement. A separate bill was published at the same time by the London Electric Railway (LER), that included plans to construct tunnels to connect the C&SLR at Euston to the CCE&HR's station at Camden Town. Together, the works proposed in these bills would enable trains of each company to run over the route of the other, effectively combining the two separate railways. The reconstruction and extension works were postponed during World War I and did not begin until 1922. The C&SLR platforms and the tunnels between Euston and Moorgate were closed for the reconstruction on 8 August 1922. They reopened on 20 April 1924 along with the new link to Camden Town.

London & North Western Railway

Map showing an elongated loop of tunnel beneath the tracks of the surface station and surrounding streets
Map of LNWR's proposed loop railway line under Euston station

In 1906, the London and North Western Railway (LNWR), operator of the main line station, announced proposals to construct an underground station of its own. The company planned to construct new tracks parallel with its line to Watford, the first section of which would have been constructed as a single-track loop 1,588 yards (1,452 m) long and 55 feet 6 inches (16.92 m) deep beneath the surface station. The single platform underground station would have been close to the CCE&HR's platforms. The proposal was presented to Parliament in November 1906 and received royal assent on 26 July 1907. The LNWR did not proceed with the loop plan and the underground station, which were dropped in 1911.

Victoria line

Planning

Plans for the route that eventually became the Victoria line date from the 1940s. A proposal for a new underground railway line linking north-east London with the centre was included in the County of London Plan in 1943. Between 1946 and 1954, a series of routes were proposed by different transport authorities to connect various places in south and north or north-east London. Each of these connected the three main line termini at King's Cross, Euston and Victoria. A route was approved in 1955 with future extensions to be decided later, though funding for the construction was not approved by the government until 1962.

Construction and opening

diagram of station layout below ground showing the six crossing tunnels of the three lines passing through Euston station
Plan of Euston station showing arrangement of platforms and alterations needed to accommodate the Victoria line

At Euston, major reconstruction works were undertaken to incorporate the new Victoria line platforms so that cross-platform interchanges could be provided with the Northern line's Bank branch—the former C&SLR route to King's Cross and Bank. Unlike the Charing Cross branch tracks, which were in separate tunnels with side platforms, the Bank branch tracks served an island platform in a single large tunnel. These platforms suffered from dangerous overcrowding at peak times. To provide cross-platform interchange, a new section of tunnel was constructed for northbound Bank branch trains, which were diverted to a new platform south of the original alignment. The redundant northbound track bed in the station tunnel was filled in to form a wider southbound platform. The new Victoria line platforms were excavated between and parallel to the original and the new Bank branch tunnels. Each pair of platforms was linked via a concourse served by escalators.

A wide concrete platform in a circular tunnel. Railway track runs along the left with posters fixed to the wall opposite the platform.
The extra wide southbound platform of the Northern line's Bank branch formed by the removal of the northbound track (passengers on the right are standing where the northbound track was)

In conjunction with the reconstruction of the main line station above, a new ticket hall was excavated below the concourse with two sets of escalators replacing the lifts. The escalators provide access to and from an intermediate passenger circulation level, which, in turn, gives access to the Northern line Charing Cross branch platforms and two further sets of escalators; one set each serving the northbound and southbound Victoria and Northern line Bank branch platforms. Interchanges between the northbound and southbound Victoria and Northern Bank Line platforms are made via a passageway at the lower level so as to avoid the need to use the escalators. An emergency stair to the intermediate interchange level is located midway along the passageway. The Victoria line platforms opened on 1 December 1968 when the second section of the line was opened between Highbury & Islington and Warren Street. Disused passages remain with tiling and posters from the 1960s.

Future proposals

Unlike the neighbouring main line termini, St Pancras and King's Cross, Euston is not served by the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. Euston Square station, which is served by these lines, is approximately 250 metres (270 yd) to the south-west. Plans for the redevelopment of the main line station for High Speed 2 (HS2) include the construction of a direct connection to Euston Square. The CCE&HR station building on Melton Street sits within the HS2 development site area and will be demolished to make way for the station.

Proposals for Crossrail 2 include an underground station serving Euston and St Pancras that will be integrated with the existing London Underground station.

A new underground line between Euston and Canary Wharf has been suggested and is being considered by the government.

Services

The station is in Travelcard Zone 1 and has six platforms. On the Northern line's Bank branch the station is between Camden Town and King's Cross St Pancras. On the line's Charing Cross branch it is between Mornington Crescent and Warren Street. On the Victoria line it is between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras. Train frequencies vary throughout the day, but generally, Northern line trains operate every 2–6 minutes from approximately 05:49 to 00:45 northbound and 05:49 to 00:28 southbound. Victoria line trains operate every 1–6 minutes from approximately 05:41 to 00:42 northbound and 05:31 to 00:26 southbound.

Preceding station London Underground Following station
Camden Towntowards Edgware, Mill Hill East or High Barnet Northern lineBank Branch King's Cross St Pancrastowards Morden
Mornington Crescenttowards Edgware, Mill Hill East or High Barnet Northern lineCharing Cross Branch Warren Streettowards Battersea Power Station, Morden or Kennington
Warren Streettowards Brixton Victoria line King's Cross St Pancrastowards Walthamstow Central

Connections

London Bus routes are served by Euston bus station outside the main line station.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. The Metropolitan Railway's original underground line, opened in 1863, had a station at the junction of Euston Road and Gower Street, but this is approximately 250 metres (820 ft) south-west of the main line station. Originally, named "Gower Street", the station was renamed "Euston Square" in 1909.
  2. A separate proposal in 1899 by the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway for a branch from its planned line near Regent's Park to Euston was rejected by Parliament. The station building would have been located in Cardington Street.
  3. The C&SLR was suffering from a poor financial reputation at the time due to what was seen as the wasteful abandonment of its original terminal at King William Street when the extension to Moorgate was built. The I&ER was constituted as a nominally separate company to avoid this poor reputation, though it shared a chairman with the C&SLR.
  4. The only section of the C&SLR's tunnels constructed with 11 ft 6 in diameter tunnels was the section between Bank and Moorgate.
  5. The LER was formed by the Underground Group in 1910 through a merger of the CCE&HR with its two other deep level railways, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway.
  6. Instead, the LNWR's trains for the new line operated from the surface station and the company collaborated with the Underground Electric Railways Company of London to extend Bakerloo tube services from Paddington to Queen's Park in tunnel, where they met the LNWR's new line. Bakerloo services started to Queen's Park in February 1915, before extension to Willesden Junction in May 1915 and on to Watford Junction in April 1917.
  7. In 1946, the Railway (London Plan) Committee published a report including "Route 8 – South to North link from East Croydon to Finsbury Park", a main line service running between Norbury and Hornsey in tunnel via Streatham Hill, Brixton, Vauxhall, Victoria, Bond Street, Euston, King's Cross and Finsbury Park. In 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board produced a plan for a similar route for a tube line running into north-east London. This ran between Coulsdon North or Sanderstead and Walthamstow (Hoe Street) or Waltham Cross. These plans were reviewed by the British Transport Commission in 1949 and a feasibility study was recommended. This became a combined route, "Route C" running between Walthamstow and Victoria.
  8. The diversion took place on Sunday 15 October 1967.
  9. This arrangement results in an unusual feature of the station: a passenger changing between the Victoria line and Northern line Bank branch will find that trains on adjacent platforms travel in opposite directions even though both are either northbound or southbound (see diagram).

References

  1. "Out of Station Interchanges" (XLSX). Transport for London. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  2. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2019. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  3. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2020. Transport for London. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  4. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2021. Transport for London. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  5. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2022. Transport for London. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  6. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2023. Transport for London. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  7. "No. 26226". The London Gazette. 24 November 1891. pp. 6324–6326.
  8. ^ Rose 1999.
  9. Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 58.
  10. "No. 26435". The London Gazette. 25 August 1893. p. 4825.
  11. ^ Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 118.
  12. "No. 27025". The London Gazette. 22 November 1898. pp. 7134–7136.
  13. "No. 27107". The London Gazette. 11 August 1899. pp. 5011–5012.
  14. Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 84.
  15. "No. 27249". The London Gazette. 23 November 1900. pp. 7482–7483.
  16. ^ Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 96.
  17. Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 139.
  18. Day & Reed 2010, p. 47.
  19. Wolmar 2005, p. 185.
  20. ^ Connor 2006, p. 125.
  21. Badsey-Ellis 2005, pp. 55–56.
  22. Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 86.
  23. "No. 28665". The London Gazette. 22 November 1912. pp. 8802–8805.
  24. "No. 28311". The London Gazette. 23 November 1909. pp. 8816–8818.
  25. "No. 28402". The London Gazette. 29 July 1910. pp. 5497–5498.
  26. "No. 28665". The London Gazette. 22 November 1912. pp. 8798–8801.
  27. Badsey-Ellis 2005, pp. 268–269.
  28. "No. 27970". The London Gazette. 23 November 1906. pp. 8181–8182.
  29. Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 269.
  30. ^ Badsey-Ellis 2005, p. 270.
  31. Day & Reed 2010, p. 143.
  32. Railway (London Plan) Committee 1946
  33. ^ "Victoria Line – History". Clive's Underground Line Guides. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  34. Day & Reed 2010, p. 148.
  35. Day & Reed 2010, p. 153.
  36. Day & Reed 2010, p. 160.
  37. Day & Reed 2010, pp. 160, 168.
  38. "Euston (poster image)". Abandonedstations.org.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  39. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 168.
  40. Report of Society Meeting (PDF) (Report). London Underground Rail Society. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  41. ^ Standard Tube Map (PDF) (Map). Not to scale. Transport for London. April 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  42. "Euston Tube Station". Google Maps. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  43. Euston Area Plan – A new plan for the Euston Area (PDF). Greater London Authority/Transport for London/London Borough of Camden. January 2015. p. 101. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  44. "Replacement London Underground Substation & Vent Shaft". HS2 in Camden. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  45. "The Route". Crossrail 2. Mayor of London/Transport for London/Network Rail. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  46. "Euston St. Pancras". Crossrail 2. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  47. Smale, Katherine (11 April 2019). "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  48. "Northern line – First and Last trains" (PDF). Transport for London. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  49. "Victoria line – First and Last trains" (PDF). Transport for London. 8 March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  50. "Buses from Euston" (PDF). Transport for London. 17 June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  51. "Night buses from Euston" (PDF). Transport for London. 31 August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.

Bibliography

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