Misplaced Pages

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 03:37, 18 October 2006 editAntiVandalBot (talk | contribs)258,750 editsm BOT - rv StalinsLoveChild (talk) to last version by Opus33← Previous edit Latest revision as of 05:02, 21 December 2024 edit undo阿南之人 (talk | contribs)105 edits →1854 versionTag: 2017 wikitext editor 
(584 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Anthem of the Austrian monarchy}}
'''Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser''' ("God Save Emperor Francis") was an anthem to ], Emperor of the ] and later of ], written by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749-1827) and set to a tune written by ] in ]. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne/Emperor's Hymn."
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
The melody, along with several variations, is also the second movement of one of Haydn's ] ]s, and was subsequently used for '']'', and is still ]'s ].
{{Infobox anthem
| title = Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser
| english_title = 'God Save Francis the Emperor'
| image = Haydn Kaiserlied Reinschrift.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Autograph score of the original version
| author = ]
| composer = ]
| music_date = 1797
| sound = Deutschlandlied played by USAREUR Band.ogg
| sound_title = ] instrumental rendition in ]
}}

"'''{{lang|de|Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser|italic=no}}'''" ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɔt ɛʁˈhaltə ˈfʁants dən ˈkaɪzɐ|lang}}; {{lit|God Save Francis the Emperor}}), also called the "'''Kaiserhymne'''" ({{IPA|de|ˈkaɪzɐˌhʏmnə|IPA}}; {{lit|Emperor's Hymn}}), is an anthem composed in 1797 by ]. In its original version it was paired with lyrics by ] and served as a patriotic song, expressing devotion to ], Emperor of the ]. In later times, Haydn's tune came to be widely employed in other contexts, often paired with new lyrics.These later versions include works of ], ], ]s, and the "]", the present national anthem of Germany.


==Words and music== ==Words and music==
<!--The sound file given uses the harmony Haydn employed for the string quartet version of his song, which he prepared later in 1797.-->


<score sound>
The sound file given below (played on a piano) uses the harmony Haydn employed for the string quartet version of his song, which he prepared later in the year 1797.
\new Staff <<
\clef treble \key g \major {
\time 4/4 \partial 2
\relative g' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
\repeat unfold 2 {
g4. a8 | b4 a c b | a8 (fis) g4 e' d | c b a b8 (g) | d'2 \bar "|" \break
}
a4 b | a8 (fis) d4 c' b | a8 (fis) d4 d' c | b4. b8 cis4 cis8 (d) | d2 \bar "|" \break
\repeat volta 2 {
g4. fis8 | fis8 () d4 e4. d8 | d8 () b4 a4. b16 (c) | d8 () c () g4 \appoggiatura b8 a8 (g) | g2
}
}
}
\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
Gott4. er8 -- hal4 -- te Franz den Kai -- ser,
Un -- sern gu -- ten Kai -- ser Franz!2
Lang4. -- e8 le4 -- be Franz der Kai -- ser,
In des Glück -- es hell -- stem Glanz!2
Ihm4 er -- blü -- hen Lor -- beer -- rei -- ser,
Wo er geht,4. zum8 Eh4 -- ren -- kranz!2
Gott4. er8 -- hal4 -- te Franz4. den8 Kai4 -- ser,
Un4. -- sern8 gu4 -- ten Kai -- ser Franz!2
}
>>
\layout { indent = #0 }
\midi { \tempo 4 = 90 }
</score>


The lyrics are as follows:
] to hear; ] format, 156k.]]
<poem lang="de" style="float:left;">Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, unsern guten Kaiser Franz!
Lange lebe Franz der Kaiser, in des Glückes hellstem Glanz!
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser, wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, unsern guten Kaiser Franz!</poem>
<poem style="margin-left:2em; float:left;">God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!
Long live Francis the Emperor in the brightest splendour of bliss!
May laurel branches bloom for him, wherever he goes, as a wreath of honour.
God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!</poem>{{clear|left}}


==History==
The German words can be translated approximately as follows:
The song was written when Austria was seriously threatened by ] and patriotic sentiments ran high. The story of the song's genesis was narrated in 1847 by Anton Schmid, who was Custodian of the ] in Vienna:<ref>Quotation from {{harvnb|Robbins Landon|Jones|1988|p=}}</ref>


{{blockquote|In England, Haydn came to know the favourite British national anthem, ']', and he envied the British nation for a song through which it could, at festive occasions, show in full measure its respect, love, and devotion to its ruler.
:''God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!''<br/>
:''Long live Francis the Emperor in the brightest splendor of bliss!''<br/>
:''May laurel branches bloom for him, wherever he goes, as a wreath of honor.''<br/>
:''(God save ...)''


When the ] returned to his beloved ''Kaiserstadt'',{{efn|German: 'city of the emperor'.}} he related these impressions to that real friend, connoisseur, supporter and encourager of many a great and good one of Art and Science, ], Prefect of the ] Court Library, who at the time was at the head of the Concert Spirituel (supported by high aristocracy) and likewise Haydn's particular patron.<ref>"Concert Spirituel" normally denotes an important orchestra of Paris in Haydn's time; see ]. Here, however, it is more likely that Schmid was using the term to refer to the ], a concert-sponsoring society of noblemen that Swieten had organized in Vienna. Swieten was not active in Paris.</ref> Haydn wished that Austria, too, could have a similar national anthem, wherein it could display a similar respect and love for its Sovereign. Also, such a song could be used in the fight then taking place with those ]; it could be used in a noble way to inflame the heart of the Austrians to new heights of devotion to the princes and fatherland, and to incite to combat, and to increase, the mob of volunteer soldiers who had been collected by a general proclamation.
==History==


Freiherr van Swieten hastily took counsel with His Excellency, the then President of Lower Austria, {{ill|Franz Josef von Saurau|de|lt=Franz Count von Saurau}} ... and so there came into being a song which, apart from being one of Haydn's greatest creations, has won the crown of immortality.
The song was written at a time when Austria was seriously threatened by ] and patriotic feeling was high. An Austrian aristocrat, Count ], had the idea of commissioning the anthem. Saurau later wrote:


It is also true that this high-principled Count used the most opportune moment to introduce a ''Volksgesang'',{{efn|German: "people's song"}} and thus he called to life those beautiful thoughts which will delight connoisseurs and amateurs here and abroad.
:"I had a text fashioned by the worthy poet Haschka; and to have it set to music, I turned to our immortal compatriot Haydn, who, I felt, was the only man capable of creating something that could be placed at the side of ... '']''."


He immediately ordered the poet Lorenz Haschka to draft the poetry and then requested our Haydn to set it to music.
"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" was first performed on the Emperor's birthday, ], ]. It proved popular, and came to serve as the unofficial first ] of Austria.

In January 1797, this double task was resolved, and the first performance of the Song was ordered for the birthday of the Monarch.|sign=|source=}}

Saurau himself later wrote:
<blockquote>I had a text fashioned by the worthy poet Haschka; and to have it set to music, I turned to our immortal compatriot Haydn, who, I felt, was the only man capable of creating something that could be placed at the side of ... "]".<ref name="Landon1977">{{cite book|last=Landon|first=Howard Chandler Robbins|author-link=H. C. Robbins Landon|title=Haydn: Chronicle and Works|url=https://archive.org/details/haydnchroniclewo0000land|url-access=registration|year=1977|publisher=Thames and Hudson|page=|isbn=9780500011645}}</ref></blockquote>

"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" was first performed on the Emperor's birthday, 12 February 1797. It proved popular, and came to serve unofficially as Austria's first national anthem.


==Composition== ==Composition==
As elsewhere in Haydn's music, it has been conjectured that Haydn took part of his material from ] he knew. This hypothesis has never achieved unanimous agreement, the alternative being that Haydn's original tune was adapted by the people in various versions as folk songs. For discussion, see ].


]
Just as on many other occasions in his career, Haydn in composing "Gott erhalte" is believed to have mined his mental store of ]s, which he learned in childhood and perhaps also in field work during adult life. The particular folk source of "Gott erhalte" appears to be ]n in origin, and is known in ] and northern regions of Croatia under the name "Stal se jesem". The version below was collected by a field worker in the Croatian-speaking village of ], in eastern Austria:
Irrespective of the original source, Haydn's own compositional efforts went through multiple drafts, discussed by Rosemary Hughes in her biography of the composer.{{sfn|Hughes|1970|p=124}} Hughes reproduces the draft fragment given below (i.e., the fifth through eighth lines of the song) and writes: "His sketches, preserved in the Vienna National Library, show the self-denial and economy with which he struggled to achieve seemingly inevitable climax, pruning the earlier and more obviously interesting version of the fifth and sixth lines, which would have anticipated, and so lessened, its overwhelming effect."


]
] to hear; ] format, 41k.]]


The original version of the song (see autograph score, above) included a single line for voice with a rather crude piano accompaniment, with no dynamic indications and what ] calls "an unevenness of keyboard sonority".<ref name="jones-2009-120">{{harvnb|Jones|2009|p=120}}</ref> This version was printed in many copies (two different printers were assigned to the work) and sent to theatres and opera houses across the Austrian territories with instructions for performance.<ref name="jones-2009-120"/> The Vienna premiere took place in the ] on 12 February 1797, the day the song was officially released. The Emperor was present, attending a performance of ]'s opera '']'' and ]'s ballet ''Alonzo und Cora''. The occasion celebrated his 29th birthday.<ref name="jones-2009-120"/>
The English musicologist , following the work of ], has discussed various versions of the tune, but he does not mention the most familiar of them, which is the German folksong "O wie wohl ist mir am Abend," the first line of which is virtually identical. He describes how Haydn transformed and (in the opinion of many) exalted his source material. The tonic note in the high octave near the end, felt by ] and others to be the climax of Haydn's melody, appears in none of the folk originals.


Not long after, Haydn later wrote three additional versions of his song:
Haydn's ] appears to have been unsophisticated and fully sincere. During his frail and sickly old age (1802-1809), Haydn often would struggle to the piano to play his song, often with great feeling, as a form of consolation in his long illness.
]
*He first wrote a version for ], called "much more refined" by Jones.<ref name="jones-2009-120"/>
*During 1797, Haydn was working on a commission for six ]s from Count ]. He conceived the idea of composing a slow movement for one of the quartets consisting of the Emperor's hymn as theme, followed by four ], each involving the melody played by one member of the quartet. The finished quartet, now often called the ], was published as the third of the ], dedicated to Count Erdödy.<ref name="jones-2009-120" /> It is perhaps Haydn's most famous work in this genre.
*The last version Haydn wrote was a piano reduction of the quartet movement,<ref name="jones-2009-120"/> published by ] in 1799.{{sfn|Gerlach|1996|p=iv}} The publisher printed it with the original cruder piano version of the theme, though a modern edition corrects this error.<ref>{{harvnb|Gerlach|1996|p=v}}. Gerlach's edition of the work includes a facsimile of the original piano version.</ref>


==Later uses of the tune== ==Haydn's own view of the song==
Joseph Haydn seems to have been particularly fond of his creation. During his frail and sickly old age (1802–1809), the composer often would struggle to the piano to play his song, often with great feeling, as a form of consolation; and as his servant Johann Elssler narrated, it was the last music Haydn ever played:
<blockquote>
The ''Kaiser Lied'' was still played three times a day, though, but on 26 May at half-past midday the Song was played for the last time and that 3 times over, with such expression and taste, well! that our good Papa was astonished about it himself and said he hadn't played the Song like that for a long time and was very pleased about it and felt well altogether till evening at 5 o'clock then our good Papa began to lament that he didn't feel well...{{sfn|Robbins Landon|Jones|1988|p=314}}
</blockquote>


Elssler goes on to narrate the composer's final decline and death, which occurred on 31 May.
*Long after the composer's death, his melody was used as the tune of ]'s '']'' (1841), whose text begins "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; see the Misplaced Pages article just cited for full details concerning this setting.


==Later uses of the tune in classical music==
*The tune has also been used as a ] in English, to lyrics by ] which begins "Glorious things of thee are spoken / Zion, city of our God." ,
Later composers in the Western classical canon have repeatedly quoted or otherwise employed Haydn's tune, as is demonstrated by the following chronological list. As the tune was widely known, the uses by other composers were heard as quotations and served as an emblem of Austria, of Austrian patriotism, or of the Austrian monarchy.


*] quotes the last four bars in "Es ist vollbracht", WoO 97, the finale of ]'s ] ''Die Ehrenpforten'' (1815). The work celebrates the end of the Napoleonic Wars, essentially the same conflict that gave rise to Haydn's original hymn. It is seldom performed today.<ref>For discussion see {{harvnb|Mathew|2013|p=103}}</ref>
*The music is also used with the hymn, ''Praise the Lord! O Heav'ns adore Him''. The name of this tune in English-language hymnals is "Austria".
*] wrote ] for piano and orchestra or piano and string quartet, his Op. 73 (1824).<ref>, '']''</ref>
*] quotes the tune at the end of his battle piece ''Die Schlacht bei Leipzig'' in order to illustrate the joy after Napoleon's defeat in the ].
*] used the tune in the banquet scene of his 1825 opera '']'' for the German Baron Trombonok.
*] wrote a set of variations on this tune for violin and orchestra in 1828, under the title ''Maestosa Sonata Sentimentale''.<ref name=Barker>{{cite journal|last=Barker|first=Andrew|title=Setting the Tone: Austria's National Anthems from Haydn to Haider|journal=]|date=2009|volume=17|pages=12–28|doi=10.1353/aus.2009.0019|jstor=27944906|s2cid=245841267}}</ref>
*] used the tune in his opera '']'' (1835), at act 3, scene 8, "Deh! Tu di un'umile preghiera ..."
*] used the tune as the basis for her "Souvenir de Vienne", Op. 9 (1838) for solo piano.<ref>{{IMSLP|work=Souvenir de Vienne, Op.9 (Schumann, Clara)|cname="Souvenir de Vienne", Op. 9 (Clara Schumann)}}</ref>
*] used the tune in his ''Festive Symphony'' (1853), which the composer intended to dedicate to the Emperor ].
*] wrote a set of variations on the tune for unaccompanied violin (''Variations on the Austrian National Anthem'', from ''L'école Moderne'', Op. 10; 1853).
*] wrote a set of concert variations on this tune for organ as his Op. 3.
*] arranged the work for ] in 1874, apparently in connection with a visit to Russia by the Austrian Emperor. The arrangement was published only in 1970.<ref name=Barker />
*] wrote his '']'' to be played on the organ during the wedding of ].
*] employed the theme in his symphonic poem '']'' (1903); in this patriotic work about the failed ] the theme serves as an emblem for the Austrian enemy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mikusi|first=Balázs|title=Review: ''Reviving Haydn: New Appreciations in the Twentieth Century'' (Eastman Studies in Music, vol. 124) by Bryan Proksch|journal=]|volume=74|number=1|date=September 2016|pages=86–88|doi=10.1353/not.2016.0114|s2cid=163899829}}</ref>


==Use in national anthems, alma maters, and hymns==
*] in ], ] uses the tune for its University Hymn ("God of Light, Whose face beholding ...").


===Austria-Hungary===
*] uses the tune for its ].
{{Infobox anthem
| title = Kaiserhymne
| transcription =
| english_title = Emperor's Hymn
| prefix = Imperial
| country = {{nowrap|the ]}}
| alt_title = Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze
| en_alt_title = God preserve, God protect
| alt_title_2 = Volkshymne
| en_alt_title_2 = People's Hymn
| author = ]
| lyrics_date = 1854
| composer = ]
| music_date = 1797
| adopted = {{plainlist|
* 1854 (as ])
* 1867 (as ])
}}
| until = 1918
| successor = "]" (])<br />"]" (])
| sound =
| sound_title =
}}


*After the death of Francis in ], the tune was given new lyrics that praised his successor, ]: "Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne / Unserm Kaiser Ferdinand!" ("Blessings to Austria's high son / Our Emperor Ferdinand!"). After Ferdinand's abdication in ], the original lyrics were used again because his successor (]) was also named Francis. However, in ], yet again new lyrics were selected: "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze / Unsern Kaiser, unser Land!" ("God preserve, God protect / Our Emperor, our country!"). The tune stopped being used for official purposes in Austria when monarchy was abolished in ]. After the death of Francis in 1835, the tune was given new lyrics that praised his successor, ]: "Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne / Unserm Kaiser Ferdinand!" ("Blessings to Austria's high son / Our Emperor Ferdinand!"). After Ferdinand's abdication in 1848, the original lyrics were used again because his successor (]) was also named Francis. However, in 1854, yet again new lyrics were selected: "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze / Unsern Kaiser, unser Land!" ("God preserve, God protect / Our Emperor, our country!").


There were versions of ] of the ] (e.g., Czech,
*There have also been uses of the tune in ].
Croatian, Slovene, Hungarian, Ukrainian, Polish, Italian).


At the end of the ] in 1918, the ] was abolished and divided into multiple states, one of them being the residual state of ], which was a ] and had no emperor. The tune ceased to be used for official purposes. When the last Emperor, ], died in 1922, ]s created an original stanza for his son ]. Since the emperor was in fact never restored, this version never attained official standing.
:*Shortly after finishing his melody, Haydn used it as the theme for the second movement (in ] form) of his famous ] opus 76 no. 3, popularly known as the "Emperor" Quartet (1797).
:*] wrote a set of variations for ] and ], his Opus 73. offers a sound illustration.
:*] wrote a set of variations on the tune for unaccompanied violin (''Variations on the Austrian National Anthem'', from ''L'école Moderne'', opus 10), which is reputed to be one of the most difficult unaccompanied violin showpieces ever composed.
:*] arranged the work for ] in 1876.


The hymn was revived in 1929 with completely new lyrics, known as "]", which remained the national anthem of Austria until the ]. The first stanza of the hymn's 1854 version was sung in 1989 during the funeral of ]<ref>{{YouTube|KLEsV8wLB90|Kaiserhymne 01.04.1989 Begräbnis Zita}}</ref> and again in 2011 during the funeral of her son Otto von Habsburg.<ref>{{YouTube|pMMhfR5i9wA|Kaiserhymne – Requiem für Otto von Habsburg, Trauergottesdienst in Wien, 16. Juli 2011}}</ref>
==Full text==


===Germany===
Haschka's 1797 poem contains five verses, reproduced below. For translations of the text into several of the languages that were spoken in the Austrian Empire, see ].
Long after Haydn's death, his melody was used as the tune for ]'s poem ''Das Lied der Deutschen'' (1841). The third stanza (which begins with "''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit''") is sung to the same melody, and is the present ] and formerly of ]. The first verse of Fallersleben's poem was formerly the national anthem of the ],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-15|title="National Anthem of the Weimar Republic" (1922-1933)|url=https://www.brianjgriffith.com/interwarcrisis/national-anthem-of-the-weimar-republic-1922-1933/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Interwar Crisis|language=en}}</ref> and later, ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Geisler|first=Michael E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLVaSxt-sV0C&pg=PA71|title=National Symbols, Fractured Identities: Contesting the National Narrative|date=2005|publisher=UPNE|isbn=978-1-58465-437-7|language=en}}</ref>


===Hymns===
Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
In the ordinary nomenclature of ], the melody of "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" is classified as 87.87D ] ]. When employed in a hymn it is sometimes known as "Austria", or "Austrian Hymn". It has been paired with various lyrics.
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!<br/>
Lange lebe Franz, der Kaiser,<br/>
In des Glückes hellstem Glanz!<br/>
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser,<br/>
Wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|


*Lyrics by ] which begin "]/Zion, city of our God"<ref>First published in ] (1779).</ref>
Laß von seiner Fahne Spitzen<br/>
*Lyrics by ] which begin "Light of ages and of nations"<ref>{{cite web |title=Light of ages and of nations |url=http://www.hymnary.org/text/light_of_ages_and_of_nations |website=Hymnary.org |language=en}}</ref>
Strahlen Sieg und Fruchtbarkeit!<br/>
*Lyrics by an unknown author which begin "Praise the Lord, Ye Heavens Adore Him"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Praise the Lord! Ye Heavens Adore Him|url=https://hymnary.org/text/praise_the_lord_ye_heavens_adore_him|access-date=2021-10-21|website=Hymnary.org|language=en}}</ref>
Laß in seinem Rate Sitzen<br/>
Weisheit, Klugheit, Redlichkeit;<br/>
Und mit Seiner Hoheit Blitzen<br/>
Schalten nur Gerechtigkeit!<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|


=== School Hymns ===
Ströme deiner Gaben Fülle<br/>
* The alma mater of ], "]"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7MQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16|title=Columbia University Songs|date=1904|publisher=Oliver Ditson Company|language=en}}</ref>
Über ihn, sein Haus und Reich!<br/>
* The ] of the ]<ref name="spaeth1936">{{Cite journal|last=Spaeth|first=Sigmund|date=1936|title=The Tune Detective Goes Collegiate|journal=The American Scholar|volume=5|issue=1|pages=23–26|issn=0003-0937|jstor=41206409}}</ref>
Brich der Bosheit Macht, enthülle<br/>
* The alma mater of Western Reserve University (merged into ])<ref name="spaeth1936"/>
Jeden Schelm- und Bubenstreich!<br/>
* The alma mater of Ningbo No.2 High School, an educational institution located in Ningbo, China <ref>{{YouTube|C2cN6b_5giw|寧波二中校歌}}</ref>
Dein Gesetz sei stets sein Wille,<br/>
Dieser uns Gesetzen gleich.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|


==Lyrics==
Froh erleb' er seiner Lande,<br/>
In addition to the German lyrics, the song has been ] into many other languages spoken in the Holy Roman Empire.
Seiner Völker höchsten Flor!<br/>
Seh' sie, Eins durch Bruderbande,<br/>
Ragen allen andern vor!<br/>
Und vernehm' noch an dem Rande<br/>
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte Franz, den Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|


=== Original 1797 version ===
Translation:
{| class="wikitable"
God keep Francis the emperor,
!German original!!English translation
Our good Emperor Francis!
|- style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"
|{{lang|de|italic=no|<poem>'''I'''
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!
Lange lebe Franz, der Kaiser,
In des Glückes hellstem Glanz!
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser,
Wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

'''II'''
Laß von seiner Fahne Spitzen
Strahlen Sieg und Fruchtbarkeit!
Laß in seinem Rate Sitzen
Weisheit, Klugheit, Redlichkeit;
Und mit Seiner Hoheit Blitzen
Schalten nur Gerechtigkeit!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

'''III'''
Ströme deiner Gaben Fülle
Über ihn, sein Haus und Reich!
Brich der Bosheit Macht, enthülle
Jeden Schelm- und Bubenstreich!
Dein Gesetz sei stets sein Wille,
Dieser uns Gesetzen gleich.
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

'''IV'''
Froh erleb' er seiner Lande,
Seiner Völker höchsten Flor!
Seh' sie, Eins durch Bruderbande,
Ragen allen andern vor!
Und vernehm' noch an dem Rande
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor.
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!</poem>}}
|<poem>'''I'''
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!
Long live Francis the emperor, Long live Francis the emperor,
In the brightest splendor of happines! In the brightest splendour of happiness!
May springs of laurel bloom for him May sprigs of laurel bloom for him
As a garland of honor, wherever he goes. As a garland of honour, wherever he goes.
God keep Francis the emperor, God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis! Our good emperor Francis!


'''II'''
From the tips of his flag From the tips of his flag
May victory and fruitfulness shine! May victory and fruitfulness shine!
In his council In his council
May knowledge, wisdom and honesty sit! May knowledge, wisdom and honesty sit!
And with his Highness' lightning And with his Highness's lightning
May justice but prevail! May justice but prevail!
God keep Francis the emperor, God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis! Our good emperor Francis!


'''III'''
May the abundance of thy gifts May the abundance of thy gifts
Pour over him, his house and Empire! Pour over him, his house and Empire!
Line 119: Line 245:
May thy Law always be his Will, May thy Law always be his Will,
And may this be like laws to us. And may this be like laws to us.
God keep Francis the emperor, God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis! Our good emperor Francis!


'''IV'''
May he gladly experience the highest bloom May he gladly experience the highest bloom
Of his land and of his peoples! Of his land and of his peoples!
Line 128: Line 255:
And may he hear at the edge And may he hear at the edge
Of his late tomb his grandchildren's chorus. Of his late tomb his grandchildren's chorus.
God keep Francis the emperor, God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good Emperor Francis! Our good emperor Francis!</poem>
|}


During Haydn's lifetime, his friend the ] ], made an ] translation of the first verse which is more poetical albeit less literal than the one given above:
==Version of 1826==


<blockquote><poem>God preserve the Emp'ror Francis
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,<br/>
Sov'reign ever good and great;
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz,<br/>
Save, o save him from mischances
Hoch als Herrscher, hoch als Weiser,<br/>
In Prosperity and State!
Steht er in des Ruhmes Glanz;<br/>
May his Laurels ever blooming
Liebe windet Lorbeerreiser<br/>
Be by Patriot Virtue fed;
Ihm zum ewig grünen Kranz.<br/>
May his worth the world illumine
|: Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,<br/>
And bring back the Sheep misled!
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|
God preserve our Emp'ror Francis!
Sov'reign ever good and great.</poem></blockquote>


Burney's penultimate couplet about sheep has no counterpart in the original ] and appears to be Burney's own contribution.
Über blühende Gefilde<br/>
Reicht sein Scepter weit und breit;<br/>
Säulen seines Throns sind milde,<br/>
Biedersinn und Redlichkeit,<br/>
Und von seinem Wappenschilde<br/>
Strahlet die Gerechtigkeit.<br/>
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/>
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|


=== 1854 version ===
Sich mit Tugenden zu schmücken,<br/>
{| class="wikitable"
Achtet er der Sorgen werth,<br/>
!German original!!] transcription{{efn|See ] and ].}}!!English translation
Nicht um Völker zu erdrücken<br/>
|- style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"
Flammt in seiner Hand das Schwert:<br/>
|{{lang|de|italic=no|<poem>'''I'''
Sie zu segnen, zu beglücken,<br/>
Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze
Ist der Preis, den er begehrt,<br/>
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/> unsern Kaiser, unser Land!
Mächtig durch des Glaubens Stütze
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|
führ' Er uns mit weiser Hand!
Laßt uns Seiner Väter Krone
schirmen wider jeden Feind;
𝄆 Innig bleibt mit Habsburgs Throne
Österreichs Geschick vereint. 𝄇


'''II'''
Er zerbrach der Knechtschaft Bande,<br/>
Fromm und bieder, wahr und offen
Hob zur Freiheit uns empor!<br/>
laßt für Recht und Pflicht uns stehn,
Früh' erleb' er deutscher Lande,<br/>
laßt, wenn's gilt, mit frohem Hoffen
Deutscher Völker höchsten Flor,<br/>
muthvoll in den Kampf uns gehn!
Und vernehme noch am Rande<br/>
Eingedenk der Lorbeerreiser,
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor:<br/>
die das Heer so oft sich wand,
|: Gott erhalte unsern Kaiser,<br/>
𝄆 Gut und Blut für unsern Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz! :|
Gut und Blut für's Vaterland! 𝄇


'''III'''
===Burney's translation===
Was der Bürger Fleiß geschaffen
schütze treu des Kriegers Kraft;
mit des Geistes heitern Waffen
siege Kunst und Wissenschaft!
Segen sei dem Land beschieden,
und sein Ruhm dem Segen gleich:
𝄆 Gottes Sonne strahl' in Frieden
auf ein glücklich Österreich! 𝄇


'''IV'''
During Haydn's lifetime, the ] ], a friend of the composer, made an English translation of the first verse which is more felicitous if less literal than the one given above.
Laßt uns fest zusammenhalten,
In der Eintracht liegt die Macht;
Mit vereinter Kräfte Walten
Wird das Schwere leicht vollbracht,
Laßt uns Eins durch Brüderbande
Gleichem Ziel entgegengehn!
𝄆 Heil dem Kaiser, Heil dem Lande,
Österreich wird ewig stehn! 𝄇


'''V'''
God preserve the Emp'ror Francis<br/>
An des Kaisers Seite waltet,
Sov'reign ever good and great;<br/>
Ihm verwandt durch Stamm und Sinn,
Save, o save him from mischances<br/>
Reich an Reiz, der nie veraltet,
In Prosperity and State!<br/>
Uns’re holde Kaiserin.
May his Laurels ever blooming<br/>
Was als Glück zu höchst gepriesen
Be by Patriot Virtue fed;<br/>
Ström’ auf sie der Himmel aus:
May his worth the world illumine<br/>
𝄆 Heil Franz Josef, Heil Elisen,
And bring back the Sheep misled!<br/>
Segen Habsburgs ganzem Haus! 𝄇</poem>}}
God preserve our Emp'ror Francis!<br/>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=no|'''1'''
Sov'reign ever good and great.
𝄆
𝄇}


'''2'''
The penultimate couplet about sheep lacks a counterpart in the original German and appears to be Burney's own contribution.
𝄆
𝄇

'''3'''
𝄆
𝄇

'''4'''
𝄆
𝄇

'''5'''
𝄆
𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>'''I'''
God preserve, God protect,
Our Emperor, our Country!
Powerful through the support of the Faith,
He leads us with a wise hand!
Let us defend the Crown of his fathers,
Shielding it from every foe.
𝄆 Forever with the Habsburg Throne,
Austria's fate remains united. 𝄇

'''II'''
Devout and honest, true and open,
Let us stand for right and duty!
Let us, if needed, with joyous Hope,
Go courageously in the battle!
Mindful of the laurel wreaths,
That the army so often wove itself.
𝄆 Treasure and Blood for Our Emperor,
Treasure and Blood for Our Fatherland! 𝄇

'''III'''
What was wrought by the diligence of citizens,
may the soldier's power faithfully protect!
With cheery weapons of mind,
Arts and Science may triumph!
Blessings be granted into the Land,
And its fame match the blessings.
𝄆 God's sunshine in peace,
On a happy Austria! 𝄇

'''IV'''
Let us always stand together,
For unity there is power!
With our combined strength,
The difficult is easily overcome!
Let us, brotherly united,
Go towards the same goal.
𝄆 Hail to the Emperor, Hail to the Empire,
Austria will forever stand! 𝄇

'''V'''
At the side of Emperor prevails,
Related to him by descent and mind!
Rich in charm that never becomes outdated,
Our gracious empress!
What is praised as luck most highly,
Heaven pour on them!
𝄆 Hail to Franz Joseph, Hail to Elisabeth,
Blessing to the entire House of Habsburg! 𝄇 </poem>
|}


==See also== ==See also==
*]


==Notes==
*]
{{notelist}}
*]


==External link== ==Citations==
{{reflist}}


==References==
*
*{{cite book|last=Gerlach|first=Sonja|year=1996|title=Haydn: Variationen über die Hymne "Gott erhalte"; authentische Fassung für Klavier|location=Munich|publisher=G. Henle}}
*{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Rosemary|year=1970|title=Haydn|location=London|publisher=Dent}}
*{{cite book|last=Jones|first=David Wyn|author-link=David Wyn Jones|year=2009|title=Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
*{{cite book|last=Mathew|first=Nicholas|year=2013|title=Political Beethoven|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robbins Landon|first1=H. C.|author1-link=H. C. Robbins Landon|last2=Jones|first2=David Wyn|author2-link=David Wyn Jones|year=1988|title=Haydn: His Life and Music|location=Bloomington and Indianapolis|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-37265-8|url=https://archive.org/details/haydnhislifemusi00land/}}


==External links==
]
*{{Commons category-inline}}
]
]


{{Former anthems of Europe}}
{{Link FA|de}}
{{Joseph Haydn}}
{{Authority control}}


]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
] ]
]
]
]
]
] ]
]
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 05:02, 21 December 2024

Anthem of the Austrian monarchy

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser
English: 'God Save Francis the Emperor'
Autograph score of the original version
LyricsLorenz Leopold Haschka
MusicJoseph Haydn, 1797
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental rendition in E-flat major

"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" (German: [ˈɡɔt ɛʁˈhaltə ˈfʁants dən ˈkaɪzɐ]; lit. 'God Save Francis the Emperor'), also called the "Kaiserhymne" (IPA: [ˈkaɪzɐˌhʏmnə]; lit. 'Emperor's Hymn'), is an anthem composed in 1797 by Joseph Haydn. In its original version it was paired with lyrics by Lorenz Leopold Haschka and served as a patriotic song, expressing devotion to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In later times, Haydn's tune came to be widely employed in other contexts, often paired with new lyrics.These later versions include works of classical music, Christian hymns, alma maters, and the "Deutschlandlied", the present national anthem of Germany.

Words and music

\new Staff << \clef treble \key g \major { \time 4/4 \partial 2 \relative g' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet" \repeat unfold 2 { g4. a8 | b4 a c b | a8 (fis) g4 e' d | c b a b8 (g) | d'2 \bar "|" \break } a4 b | a8 (fis) d4 c' b | a8 (fis) d4 d' c | b4. b8 cis4 cis8 (d) | d2 \bar "|" \break \repeat volta 2 { g4. fis8 | fis8 () d4 e4. d8 | d8 () b4 a4. b16 (c) | d8 () c () g4 \appoggiatura b8 a8 (g) | g2 } } } \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Gott4. er8 -- hal4 -- te Franz den Kai -- ser, Un -- sern gu -- ten Kai -- ser Franz!2 Lang4. -- e8 le4 -- be Franz der Kai -- ser, In des Glück -- es hell -- stem Glanz!2 Ihm4 er -- blü -- hen Lor -- beer -- rei -- ser, Wo er geht,4. zum8 Eh4 -- ren -- kranz!2 Gott4. er8 -- hal4 -- te Franz4. den8 Kai4 -- ser, Un4. -- sern8 gu4 -- ten Kai -- ser Franz!2 } >> \layout { indent = #0 } \midi { \tempo 4 = 90 }

The lyrics are as follows:

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, unsern guten Kaiser Franz!
Lange lebe Franz der Kaiser, in des Glückes hellstem Glanz!
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser, wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!
Long live Francis the Emperor in the brightest splendour of bliss!
May laurel branches bloom for him, wherever he goes, as a wreath of honour.
God save Francis the Emperor, our good Emperor Francis!

History

The song was written when Austria was seriously threatened by Revolutionary France and patriotic sentiments ran high. The story of the song's genesis was narrated in 1847 by Anton Schmid, who was Custodian of the Austrian National Library in Vienna:

In England, Haydn came to know the favourite British national anthem, 'God Save the King', and he envied the British nation for a song through which it could, at festive occasions, show in full measure its respect, love, and devotion to its ruler.

When the Father of Harmony returned to his beloved Kaiserstadt, he related these impressions to that real friend, connoisseur, supporter and encourager of many a great and good one of Art and Science, Freiherr van Swieten, Prefect of the I. R. Court Library, who at the time was at the head of the Concert Spirituel (supported by high aristocracy) and likewise Haydn's particular patron. Haydn wished that Austria, too, could have a similar national anthem, wherein it could display a similar respect and love for its Sovereign. Also, such a song could be used in the fight then taking place with those forcing the Rhine; it could be used in a noble way to inflame the heart of the Austrians to new heights of devotion to the princes and fatherland, and to incite to combat, and to increase, the mob of volunteer soldiers who had been collected by a general proclamation.

Freiherr van Swieten hastily took counsel with His Excellency, the then President of Lower Austria, Franz Count von Saurau [de] ... and so there came into being a song which, apart from being one of Haydn's greatest creations, has won the crown of immortality.

It is also true that this high-principled Count used the most opportune moment to introduce a Volksgesang, and thus he called to life those beautiful thoughts which will delight connoisseurs and amateurs here and abroad.

He immediately ordered the poet Lorenz Haschka to draft the poetry and then requested our Haydn to set it to music.

In January 1797, this double task was resolved, and the first performance of the Song was ordered for the birthday of the Monarch.

Saurau himself later wrote:

I had a text fashioned by the worthy poet Haschka; and to have it set to music, I turned to our immortal compatriot Haydn, who, I felt, was the only man capable of creating something that could be placed at the side of ... "God Save the King".

"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" was first performed on the Emperor's birthday, 12 February 1797. It proved popular, and came to serve unofficially as Austria's first national anthem.

Composition

As elsewhere in Haydn's music, it has been conjectured that Haydn took part of his material from folk songs he knew. This hypothesis has never achieved unanimous agreement, the alternative being that Haydn's original tune was adapted by the people in various versions as folk songs. For discussion, see Haydn and folk music.

Autograph sketch of "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser"

Irrespective of the original source, Haydn's own compositional efforts went through multiple drafts, discussed by Rosemary Hughes in her biography of the composer. Hughes reproduces the draft fragment given below (i.e., the fifth through eighth lines of the song) and writes: "His sketches, preserved in the Vienna National Library, show the self-denial and economy with which he struggled to achieve seemingly inevitable climax, pruning the earlier and more obviously interesting version of the fifth and sixth lines, which would have anticipated, and so lessened, its overwhelming effect."

The original version of the song (see autograph score, above) included a single line for voice with a rather crude piano accompaniment, with no dynamic indications and what David Wyn Jones calls "an unevenness of keyboard sonority". This version was printed in many copies (two different printers were assigned to the work) and sent to theatres and opera houses across the Austrian territories with instructions for performance. The Vienna premiere took place in the Burgtheater on 12 February 1797, the day the song was officially released. The Emperor was present, attending a performance of Dittersdorf's opera Doktor und Apotheker and Joseph Weigl's ballet Alonzo und Cora. The occasion celebrated his 29th birthday.

Not long after, Haydn later wrote three additional versions of his song:

Haydn's piano reduction of his Kaiserquartett
  • He first wrote a version for orchestra, called "much more refined" by Jones.
  • During 1797, Haydn was working on a commission for six string quartets from Count Joseph Erdödy. He conceived the idea of composing a slow movement for one of the quartets consisting of the Emperor's hymn as theme, followed by four variations, each involving the melody played by one member of the quartet. The finished quartet, now often called the "Emperor" quartet, was published as the third of the Opus 76 quartets, dedicated to Count Erdödy. It is perhaps Haydn's most famous work in this genre.
  • The last version Haydn wrote was a piano reduction of the quartet movement, published by Artaria in 1799. The publisher printed it with the original cruder piano version of the theme, though a modern edition corrects this error.

Haydn's own view of the song

Joseph Haydn seems to have been particularly fond of his creation. During his frail and sickly old age (1802–1809), the composer often would struggle to the piano to play his song, often with great feeling, as a form of consolation; and as his servant Johann Elssler narrated, it was the last music Haydn ever played:

The Kaiser Lied was still played three times a day, though, but on 26 May at half-past midday the Song was played for the last time and that 3 times over, with such expression and taste, well! that our good Papa was astonished about it himself and said he hadn't played the Song like that for a long time and was very pleased about it and felt well altogether till evening at 5 o'clock then our good Papa began to lament that he didn't feel well...

Elssler goes on to narrate the composer's final decline and death, which occurred on 31 May.

Later uses of the tune in classical music

Later composers in the Western classical canon have repeatedly quoted or otherwise employed Haydn's tune, as is demonstrated by the following chronological list. As the tune was widely known, the uses by other composers were heard as quotations and served as an emblem of Austria, of Austrian patriotism, or of the Austrian monarchy.

Use in national anthems, alma maters, and hymns

Austria-Hungary

Kaiserhymne
English: Emperor's Hymn
Imperial anthem of the Habsburg monarchy
Also known asGott erhalte, Gott beschütze (English: God preserve, God protect)
Volkshymne (English: People's Hymn)
LyricsJohann Gabriel Seidl, 1854
MusicJoseph Haydn, 1797
Adopted
Relinquished1918
Succeeded by"Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land" (Austria)
"Himnusz" (Hungary)

After the death of Francis in 1835, the tune was given new lyrics that praised his successor, Ferdinand: "Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne / Unserm Kaiser Ferdinand!" ("Blessings to Austria's high son / Our Emperor Ferdinand!"). After Ferdinand's abdication in 1848, the original lyrics were used again because his successor (Francis Joseph) was also named Francis. However, in 1854, yet again new lyrics were selected: "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze / Unsern Kaiser, unser Land!" ("God preserve, God protect / Our Emperor, our country!").

There were versions of the hymn in several languages of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (e.g., Czech, Croatian, Slovene, Hungarian, Ukrainian, Polish, Italian).

At the end of the First World War in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was abolished and divided into multiple states, one of them being the residual state of Austria, which was a republic and had no emperor. The tune ceased to be used for official purposes. When the last Emperor, Charles I, died in 1922, monarchists created an original stanza for his son Otto von Habsburg. Since the emperor was in fact never restored, this version never attained official standing.

The hymn was revived in 1929 with completely new lyrics, known as "Sei gesegnet ohne Ende", which remained the national anthem of Austria until the Anschluss. The first stanza of the hymn's 1854 version was sung in 1989 during the funeral of Empress Zita of Austria and again in 2011 during the funeral of her son Otto von Habsburg.

Germany

Long after Haydn's death, his melody was used as the tune for Hoffmann von Fallersleben's poem Das Lied der Deutschen (1841). The third stanza (which begins with "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit") is sung to the same melody, and is the present national anthem of Germany and formerly of West Germany. The first verse of Fallersleben's poem was formerly the national anthem of the Weimar Republic, and later, Nazi Germany.

Hymns

In the ordinary nomenclature of hymn tunes, the melody of "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" is classified as 87.87D trochaic metre. When employed in a hymn it is sometimes known as "Austria", or "Austrian Hymn". It has been paired with various lyrics.

School Hymns

Lyrics

In addition to the German lyrics, the song has been translated into many other languages spoken in the Holy Roman Empire.

Original 1797 version

German original English translation

I
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!
Lange lebe Franz, der Kaiser,
In des Glückes hellstem Glanz!
Ihm erblühen Lorbeerreiser,
Wo er geht, zum Ehrenkranz!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

II
Laß von seiner Fahne Spitzen
Strahlen Sieg und Fruchtbarkeit!
Laß in seinem Rate Sitzen
Weisheit, Klugheit, Redlichkeit;
Und mit Seiner Hoheit Blitzen
Schalten nur Gerechtigkeit!
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

III
Ströme deiner Gaben Fülle
Über ihn, sein Haus und Reich!
Brich der Bosheit Macht, enthülle
Jeden Schelm- und Bubenstreich!
Dein Gesetz sei stets sein Wille,
Dieser uns Gesetzen gleich.
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

IV
Froh erleb' er seiner Lande,
Seiner Völker höchsten Flor!
Seh' sie, Eins durch Bruderbande,
Ragen allen andern vor!
Und vernehm' noch an dem Rande
Später Gruft der Enkel Chor.
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
Unsern guten Kaiser Franz!

I
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!
Long live Francis the emperor,
In the brightest splendour of happiness!
May sprigs of laurel bloom for him
As a garland of honour, wherever he goes.
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!

II
From the tips of his flag
May victory and fruitfulness shine!
In his council
May knowledge, wisdom and honesty sit!
And with his Highness's lightning
May justice but prevail!
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!

III
May the abundance of thy gifts
Pour over him, his house and Empire!
Break the power of wickedness, and reveal
Every trick of rogues and knaves!
May thy Law always be his Will,
And may this be like laws to us.
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!

IV
May he gladly experience the highest bloom
Of his land and of his peoples!
May he see them, united by the bonds of brothers,
Loom over all others!
And may he hear at the edge
Of his late tomb his grandchildren's chorus.
God keep Francis the Emperor,
Our good emperor Francis!

During Haydn's lifetime, his friend the musicologist Charles Burney, made an English translation of the first verse which is more poetical albeit less literal than the one given above:

God preserve the Emp'ror Francis
Sov'reign ever good and great;
Save, o save him from mischances
In Prosperity and State!
May his Laurels ever blooming
Be by Patriot Virtue fed;
May his worth the world illumine
And bring back the Sheep misled!
God preserve our Emp'ror Francis!
Sov'reign ever good and great.

Burney's penultimate couplet about sheep has no counterpart in the original German and appears to be Burney's own contribution.

1854 version

German original IPA transcription English translation

I
Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze
unsern Kaiser, unser Land!
Mächtig durch des Glaubens Stütze
führ' Er uns mit weiser Hand!
Laßt uns Seiner Väter Krone
schirmen wider jeden Feind;
𝄆 Innig bleibt mit Habsburgs Throne
Österreichs Geschick vereint. 𝄇

II
Fromm und bieder, wahr und offen
laßt für Recht und Pflicht uns stehn,
laßt, wenn's gilt, mit frohem Hoffen
muthvoll in den Kampf uns gehn!
Eingedenk der Lorbeerreiser,
die das Heer so oft sich wand,
𝄆 Gut und Blut für unsern Kaiser,
Gut und Blut für's Vaterland! 𝄇

III
Was der Bürger Fleiß geschaffen
schütze treu des Kriegers Kraft;
mit des Geistes heitern Waffen
siege Kunst und Wissenschaft!
Segen sei dem Land beschieden,
und sein Ruhm dem Segen gleich:
𝄆 Gottes Sonne strahl' in Frieden
auf ein glücklich Österreich! 𝄇

IV
Laßt uns fest zusammenhalten,
In der Eintracht liegt die Macht;
Mit vereinter Kräfte Walten
Wird das Schwere leicht vollbracht,
Laßt uns Eins durch Brüderbande
Gleichem Ziel entgegengehn!
𝄆 Heil dem Kaiser, Heil dem Lande,
Österreich wird ewig stehn! 𝄇

V
An des Kaisers Seite waltet,
Ihm verwandt durch Stamm und Sinn,
Reich an Reiz, der nie veraltet,
Uns’re holde Kaiserin.
Was als Glück zu höchst gepriesen
Ström’ auf sie der Himmel aus:
𝄆 Heil Franz Josef, Heil Elisen,
Segen Habsburgs ganzem Haus! 𝄇

1






𝄆
𝄇}

2






𝄆
𝄇

3






𝄆
𝄇

4






𝄆
𝄇

5






𝄆
𝄇

I
God preserve, God protect,
Our Emperor, our Country!
Powerful through the support of the Faith,
He leads us with a wise hand!
Let us defend the Crown of his fathers,
Shielding it from every foe.
𝄆 Forever with the Habsburg Throne,
Austria's fate remains united. 𝄇

II
Devout and honest, true and open,
Let us stand for right and duty!
Let us, if needed, with joyous Hope,
Go courageously in the battle!
Mindful of the laurel wreaths,
That the army so often wove itself.
𝄆 Treasure and Blood for Our Emperor,
Treasure and Blood for Our Fatherland! 𝄇

III
What was wrought by the diligence of citizens,
may the soldier's power faithfully protect!
With cheery weapons of mind,
Arts and Science may triumph!
Blessings be granted into the Land,
And its fame match the blessings.
𝄆 God's sunshine in peace,
On a happy Austria! 𝄇

IV
Let us always stand together,
For unity there is power!
With our combined strength,
The difficult is easily overcome!
Let us, brotherly united,
Go towards the same goal.
𝄆 Hail to the Emperor, Hail to the Empire,
Austria will forever stand! 𝄇

V
At the side of Emperor prevails,
Related to him by descent and mind!
Rich in charm that never becomes outdated,
Our gracious empress!
What is praised as luck most highly,
Heaven pour on them!
𝄆 Hail to Franz Joseph, Hail to Elisabeth,
Blessing to the entire House of Habsburg! 𝄇

See also

Notes

  1. German: 'city of the emperor'.
  2. German: "people's song"
  3. See Help:IPA/German and German phonology.

Citations

  1. Quotation from Robbins Landon & Jones 1988, p. 301
  2. "Concert Spirituel" normally denotes an important orchestra of Paris in Haydn's time; see Concert Spirituel. Here, however, it is more likely that Schmid was using the term to refer to the Gesellschaft der Associierten, a concert-sponsoring society of noblemen that Swieten had organized in Vienna. Swieten was not active in Paris.
  3. Landon, Howard Chandler Robbins (1977). Haydn: Chronicle and Works. Thames and Hudson. p. 241. ISBN 9780500011645.
  4. Hughes 1970, p. 124.
  5. ^ Jones 2009, p. 120
  6. Gerlach 1996, p. iv.
  7. Gerlach 1996, p. v. Gerlach's edition of the work includes a facsimile of the original piano version.
  8. Robbins Landon & Jones 1988, p. 314.
  9. For discussion see Mathew 2013, p. 103
  10. "Carl Czerny: Variations op. 73 on Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser", Aeiou Encyclopedia
  11. ^ Barker, Andrew (2009). "Setting the Tone: Austria's National Anthems from Haydn to Haider". Austrian Studies. 17: 12–28. doi:10.1353/aus.2009.0019. JSTOR 27944906. S2CID 245841267.
  12. "Souvenir de Vienne", Op. 9 (Clara Schumann): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  13. Mikusi, Balázs (September 2016). "Review: Reviving Haydn: New Appreciations in the Twentieth Century (Eastman Studies in Music, vol. 124) by Bryan Proksch". Notes. 74 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1353/not.2016.0114. S2CID 163899829.
  14. Kaiserhymne 01.04.1989 Begräbnis Zita on YouTube
  15. Kaiserhymne – Requiem für Otto von Habsburg, Trauergottesdienst in Wien, 16. Juli 2011 on YouTube
  16. ""National Anthem of the Weimar Republic" (1922-1933)". Interwar Crisis. 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  17. Geisler, Michael E. (2005). National Symbols, Fractured Identities: Contesting the National Narrative. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-437-7.
  18. First published in Olney Hymns (1779).
  19. "Light of ages and of nations". Hymnary.org.
  20. "Praise the Lord! Ye Heavens Adore Him". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  21. Columbia University Songs. Oliver Ditson Company. 1904.
  22. ^ Spaeth, Sigmund (1936). "The Tune Detective Goes Collegiate". The American Scholar. 5 (1): 23–26. ISSN 0003-0937. JSTOR 41206409.
  23. 寧波二中校歌 on YouTube

References

  • Gerlach, Sonja (1996). Haydn: Variationen über die Hymne "Gott erhalte"; authentische Fassung für Klavier. Munich: G. Henle.
  • Hughes, Rosemary (1970). Haydn. London: Dent.
  • Jones, David Wyn (2009). Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mathew, Nicholas (2013). Political Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robbins Landon, H. C.; Jones, David Wyn (1988). Haydn: His Life and Music. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-37265-8.

External links

Former anthems of Europe
Former Russian Empire,
the Soviet Union or
their successor states
Joseph Haydn
List of compositions
Topics
Lists of works
Other works
People
Family
Friends
and lovers
Employers
Pupils
Scholarship
Namesakes
Related
Categories: