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Revision as of 15:54, 26 October 2024

2024 Israeli strikes on Iran (Operation Days of Repentance)
Part of the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict and the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
Type	Missile strike
Location	Iran
Planned by	Israel
Target	Missile bases, weapons factories and air-defense systems
Date	26 October 2024
Executed by	Israeli Air Force
Outcome	Damage to military installations
Casualties	4 Iranian soldiers killed

On 26 October 2024, Israel launched a series of strikes on Iran, codenamed Operation Days of Repentance (Template:Lang-he) by Israel. According to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), the strikes targeted Iranian military sites, including air-defense batteries, a UAV factory, and missile production facilities, with all Israeli aircraft returning safely. The strikes continued through the night until dawn in Iran, marking the first time since the 1980s that Iran has faced such a sustained assault from a foreign adversary.

The attack involved over 100 aircraft, including F-35 Lightning II stealth fighters, traveling 2,000 kilometers and using heavy munitions. A preceding operation in Syria targeted radar defenses to reduce Iranian awareness of the operation. An Iranian news agency associated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps reported that military installations in western and southwestern Tehran, as well as bases in the Ilam and Khuzestan provinces, were attacked. Two IRGC soldiers were reportedly killed. An Israeli official said that following the strikes targeting Iranian air defence and ballistic missile sites, Israel could now operate with greater freedom in Iranian airspace.

The IDF stated it has completed "precise and targeted strikes" in response to "months of continuous attacks" from Iran and its proxies, as well as a recent barrage of Iranian missiles on Israel on October 1. US officials confirmed that the US was briefed in advance but did not participate in the operation. Iran quickly aimed to downplay the attacks, providing minimal coverage and threatened to hand out prison sentences to civilians who shared evidence of the strikes to "hostile" media. This was possibly done to "save face" and prevent further escalation.

Background

Earlier skirmishes

Iran and Israel have been engaged in a covert conflict for years. Iran has utilized the "Axis of Resistance", a network of Iranian-backed militant groups, to target Israeli interests, while Israel has reportedly carried out assassinations of high-ranking Iranian officials and nuclear scientists and launched cyberattacks against Iran. Israel views Iran as its primary threat due to the Iranian leadership's rhetoric advocating for Israel's destruction, their backing of militant organizations, and the nation's nuclear program. Tensions between the countries have escalated further following Hamas's October 7 attack on Israel. Following the attack, factions within the "Axis of Resistance," notably Hezbollah in Lebanon and Yemen's Houthi movement, launched assaults on Israel and Red Sea shipping, triggering the Hezbollah-Israel conflict and the Red Sea Crisis. Iran has poured considerable resources into bolstering these groups’ military capabilities and fostering cohesion, aiming for a coordinated Axis effort to dismantle the Jewish state in any large-scale confrontation with Israel.

On 1 April 2024, Israel bombed a consular building in the Iranian embassy complex in Damascus, Syria. The attack killed 16 people, including multiple Iranian officers and proxy fighters. Most notably, Mohammad Reza Zahedi, a commander for the Quds Force, was killed in the airstrike. Iranian officials in the building were allegedly meeting with Palestinian militant leaders at the time of the attack. In response, Iran and its proxies struck Israel on 13 April, targeting military bases. On 19 April, Israel struck an air defense facility in Isfahan, Iran in retaliation. The strikes were limited and de-escalated tensions.

On 31 July, Ismail Haniyeh, the political leader of Hamas, was assassinated in the Iranian capital Tehran by an apparent Israeli attack. Iran vowed to retaliate.

On 17 September, Israel adopted a new war goal: to return civilians displaced by Hezbollah back to their homes in northern Israel. Later that day and the next, thousands of communications devices (including pagers and walkie-talkies) exploded simultaneously across Lebanon and Syria, with Israel aiming to attack Hezbollah members. The attack killed 42 people. In response, Hezbollah launched rocket attacks on northern Israeli cities and towns, including Nazareth, on 22 September. On 23 September, Israel killed two of Hezbollah's top commanders, Ibrahim Aqil and Ahmed Wehbe, in Dahieh, south of Beirut. On 23 September, Israel began a series of strikes in southern Lebanon.

On 27 September, an Israeli airstrike in Dahieh killed Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general of Hezbollah. The attack also killed Ali Karaki, the Commander of Hezbollah's Southern Front and Abbas Nilforoushan, deputy commander of the IRGC and commander of the Quds Force in Lebanon.

In response to the killings of Haniyeh, Nilforoushan, and Nasrallah, Iran struck Israel, damaging military bases, in what was the largest attack of the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict. Israel said it had shot down most of the missiles and there had been no harm to its Air Force's capabilities. The US Navy and Jordan also reported intercepting missiles. The two fatalities caused by the attacks were a Palestinian man killed directly by missile debris and an Israeli man indirectly. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called it a "big mistake" and vowed that Iran "will pay" for it.

According to US officials speaking anonymously, Israel assured the Biden administration it would refrain from targeting Iran's nuclear and oil facilities, focusing instead on military sites. With the 2024 United States presidential election nearing, American officials worried about being pulled into a wider Middle Eastern conflict. US President Joe Biden asked Netanyahu to plan a retaliation that would "deter further attacks against Israel while reducing risks of further escalation."

Leak of intelligence on the attack

On 18 October 2024, two leaked classified foreign intelligence documents from the United States' National Security Agency and the United States Geospatial Intelligence Agency were posted in Telegram channels. The leaked documents were related to the Israeli plans to retaliate against Iran for its strikes against Israel in October 2024. They revealed detailed plans documented by the United States regarding Israeli military measures including Air Force exercises, military drone operations, and the relocation of advanced munitions, as well as satellite imaging conducted by United States intelligence on the Israeli Air Force. One of the documents suggested something that Israel and the United States always declined to confirm publicly: Israel's possession of nuclear weapons. The leaks also revealed the significant contribution of the United States' spying on Iran towards providing intelligence for Israel's planned military operations.

Strikes

In the early hours of 26 October 2024, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) began conducting airstrikes on military targets in Iran. The IDF stated that the strikes were conducted in response to the October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel on 1 October and due to militant actions by proxy members of the Axis of Resistance. Just prior to the attacks, Israel notified the United States' Biden administration about the impending attacks on Iran. The strikes continued through the night until dawn in Iran, marking Israel's first openly acknowledged attack on the country. This was the first time since the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988) that Iran has faced such a prolonged assault from a foreign adversary.

The Jerusalem Post reported that over 100 aircraft, including F-35 Lightning II "Adir" stealth fighters, traveled roughly 2,000 kilometers for the attack, deploying heavy munitions with extensive refueling support and Unit 669 on standby. A preceding operation on radar sites in Syria prevented Iran from gaining intelligence on Israel's intentions.

Beginning at 1:48 a.m. local time, sirens and alarms went off continuously for 30 minutes across the Ankawa neighborhood of Erbil, Iraq, with loudspeakers at Irbil airport's military base repeating the word "bunkers". Iranian State Television issued reports of explosion noises throughout Tehran. Two Arab officials stated that the attack had appeared to target a weapons depot and a military office or barracks. Explosions were also reported in the city of Karaj, located just west of Tehran. Explosions were heard near Imam Khomeini International Airport, Mashhad, Kermanshah, and Zanjan. Explosions were also heard near Damascus, Syria. Al Jazeera posted a video showing Iran's air defense activate in the skies of Tehran. Al Araby TV showed damage from Israeli strikes to a military drone factory in Shamsabad, south of Tehran. Iranian outlets reported that two Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) soldiers were killed.

According to two Iranian officials, one affiliated with the IRGC, Israel's strikes in Tehran Province targeted key defense sites, including the S-300 air defense system at Imam Khomeini International Airport, which helps protect the capital. The officials reported that multiple IRGC missile bases were hit in the province, followed by a second wave of drone strikes targeting the Parchin military complex on Tehran's outskirts with one drone reportedly reaching the base. The latter site has long been cited by Israel as a site of suspected nuclear weapons-related activity, with the IAEA reportedly finding related evidence there in 2016.

Yedioth Ahronoth reported that Israel targeted an Iranian UAV factory as well as a secret base in Tehran. It was also reported that Russian made S-300 Iranian batteries as well as ballistic missile sites were attacked.

Reactions

Israel

At 2:30 a.m., the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) announced it was "conducting precise strikes on military targets in Iran," citing over a year of attacks by Iran and its allies across the Middle East as the reason. According to The New York Times, this statement marked a rare Israeli acknowledgment of military operations within Iranian territory. IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari said Israel selected these sites from a "broad target bank", and that it would be able to "select additional targets from it and strike them if required", adding that "this is a clear message—those who threaten the State of Israel will pay a heavy price." By around 5 a.m., Israeli officials confirmed that the operation had concluded, with 20 targets struck. The IDF's statement at 6 a.m. confirmed the end of the strikes.

An official from the IDF indicated to Axios that thanks to the attack, Israel now enjoys greater freedom of operation over Iran, in part due to Israel having hit Iranian air defences as well as Iran's ballistic missile infrastructure.

Iran

State media confirmed that explosions were heard in Tehran, attributing some of the sounds to air defense systems in the area. However, state television provided no further details for several hours, only briefly mentioning the attack. Reporters stationed throughout the capital presented scenes of normal life, including markets and traffic, suggesting stability after the attack. The IRGC-affiliated channel Tasnim dismissed the attacks as "weak", a response experts described to the BBC as typical for Iran in such situations.

The Iranian government threatened to hand out prison sentences of up to 10 years to civilians who provide evidence on the Israeli airstrikes to media deemed "hostile" by the regime.

Iranian civilians who spoke to The Daily Telegraph expressed concern over continued escalating violence between Israel and Iran.

Axis of Resistance

•  Hamas: The group said it strongly condemned "the Zionist aggression against the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the targeting of military sites in several provinces," adding it was "an escalation that threatens the security of the region."

International

Africa

•  Algeria: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the military attacks and expressed solidarity with the Iranians.

Asia

•  Malaysia: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the strikes as a "clear violation" of international law and called for an "immediate cessation of hostilities".

Europe

•  United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer stated in a press conference: "I am clear that Israel has the right to defend itself against Iranian aggression and I am equally clear that we need to avoid further regional escalation and urge all sides to show restraint. Iran should not respond. We will continue to work with allies to de-escalate the situation across the region."

Middle East

•  Iraq: The Iraqi Prime Minister's office stated that Israel continues its aggressive policies and expansion of conflict in the region, employing blatant acts of aggression without deterrence. The Iraqi presidency condemned the Israeli attack, stating it was a flagrant violation of international law and state sovereignty, while reaffirming Iraq's steadfast position against any form of escalation. Egyptian company EgyptAir says it had suspended flights to Baghdad and Erbil.
•  Oman: The Foreign Ministry condemned the strikes as a "blatant violation" of Iranian sovereignty.
•  Qatar: The Foreign Ministry called the attacks a "violation of Iran's sovereignty and a clear breach of international law" and further stated that Qatar doesn't want to see more violence in the region.
•  Saudi Arabia: The Foreign Ministry called the attack a "violation" of Iran's sovereignty and called on both parties to restraint.
•  United Arab Emirates: The Foreign Ministry condemned the targeting of Iran and expressed deep concern over the continued escalation and its impact on regional security and stability.

North America

•  United States: An unnamed senior official from the Biden administration stated that the airstrikes seem to be a measured and deliberate response to earlier attacks from Iran, posing a minimal risk to civilian safety. National Security Council spokesman Sean Savett said that the Israeli strike "avoided populated areas ... contrary to Iran's attack against Israel that targeted Israel's most populous city." He added that the US urges Iran to stop attacking Israel, "so that this cycle of fighting can end without further escalation."

Analysis

Defense expert Malcolm Davis told CNN that although Israel's attack was "limited" and "precise," it was "certainly embarrassing" for Iran. He suggested that Iran might hesitate to retaliate, as doing so could provoke Israel to target its nuclear and oil facilities, or even members of Tehran's leadership. Therefore, he argued, Iran may find it wiser to "take this hit and back down."

Iranian-born writer Arash Azizi reported that many Iranians felt "mostly relieved" as Israel's strikes avoided civilian infrastructure like oil refineries, power, and water facilities, as well as political and military officials.

Behnam Ben Taleblu, a Senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, observed that Iran appears to be minimizing the impact of the Israeli strike. Iranian state media has refrained from reporting any damage, a move that Taleblu suggests is aimed at controlling public perception and helping the regime maintain its image internally.

Steven Erlanger argues in an article for The New York Times that Iran faces a difficult choice: while retaliating against Israel risks escalation "when its economy is struggling, its allies are faltering, its military vulnerability is clear and its leadership succession is in play," holding back could suggest weakness to its allies—"badly weakened by the Israeli military's tough response since Oct. 7"—as well as to hardliners at home.

References

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v t e Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Background	Iranian revolution Iran–Iraq war 1999 arrest of Iranian Jews
2024 Iran–Israel conflict	Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus reactions Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries Iranian strikes on Israel April 2024 October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran April 2024 October 2024 intelligence leak
Hezbollah–Israel conflict	Israeli–Lebanese conflict South Lebanon conflict 1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats Assassination of Abbas al-Musawi 1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing AMIA bombing 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid 2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid 2006 Lebanon War Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh 2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange 2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt Francop Affair January 2015 Shebaa Farms incident Operation Northern Shield 2019 Beirut drone crash 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Assassination of Fuad Shukr 2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks 20 September 2024 Beirut attack September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon 2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike Assassination of Hashem Safieddine 2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement Projectile attacks from Lebanon
Israeli–Palestinian conflict	Karine A affair Victoria Affair Operation Full Disclosure
Gaza–Israel conflict	Gaza War (2008–2009) 2014 Gaza War Israel–Hamas war Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh
Syrian civil war	January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes December 2014 Rif Dimashq airstrikes January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015) March 2017 Israel–Syria incident February 2018 Israel–Syria incident Operation House of Cards September 2018 Syria missile strikes August 2019 Syria missile strikes November 2019 Syria missile strikes January 2021 Syria airstrikes 2023 Damascus airstrike Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents Hezbollah involvement
International incidents	Operation Outside the Box 2009 Sudan airstrikes 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats 2012 Bangkok bombings 2012 Cyprus terrorist plot 2012 Burgas bus bombing Yarmouk munitions factory explosion 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq 2022 Erbil missile attacks 2022 Istanbul terror plot 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria 20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen
Nuclear program of Iran	Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists Ardeshir Hosseinpour Massoud Ali-Mohammadi Majid Shahriari Fereydoon Abbasi Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Mohsen Fakhrizadeh AMAD Project Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive Bid Kaneh explosion Stuxnet 2020 Iran explosions 2021 Natanz incident 2023 Iran drone attacks
Related	Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict Russia–Hamas relations Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Ahmad Reza Djalali Axis of Resistance Arab–Israeli alliance Abraham Accords Warsaw Middle East conference People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran Little Satan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel Views on military action against Iran Iran and state-sponsored terrorism Iranian support for Hamas Israel and state-sponsored terrorism Quds Day Prisoner X2 Tehran
Category:Iran–Israel proxy conflict

• Airstrikes during the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict
• Military operations involving Iran
• 2024 airstrikes
• 2024 controversies
• 2024 in international relations
• October 2024 events in Iran
• October 2024 events in Israel
• Airstrikes conducted by Israel
• Airstrikes during the Israel–Hamas war
• Iran–Israel military relations
• Iran–Israel proxy conflict
• Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
• Spillover of the Israel–Hamas war