List of governors of Vermont

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Elections in Vermont

Federal government

Presidential elections
1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
Presidential primaries
Democratic 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Republican 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
U.S. Senate elections
1791 1794 1796 1796 sp 1797 sp 1800 1801 sp 1802 1806 1807 sp 1808 1809 1812 1814 1817 sp 1818 1818 sp 1821 1825 1827 1831 1833 1833 sp 1837 1839 1842 sp 1843 1845 1848 1850 1854 sp 1855 1856 1861 1862 1866 1866 sp 1868 1872 1874 1878 1880 1884 1886 1890 1892 1892 sp 1896 1898 1900 sp 1902 1904 1908 1908 sp 1909 sp 1910 1914 1916 1920 1922 1923 sp 1926 1928 1931 sp 1932 1934 1934 sp 1938 1940 1940 sp 1944 1946 1946 sp 1950 1952 1956 1958 1962 1964 1968 1970 1972 sp 1974 1976 1980 1982 1986 1988 1992 1994 1998 2000 2004 2006 2010 2012 2016 2018 2022 2024 2028
U.S. House elections
1791 1793 1794/95 1796/97 1797 2nd sp 1798 1800 1802/03 1804/05 1806 1808 1st sp 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1820/21 1822 1824 AL sp 1826/27 1828/29 1830/32 1831 2nd sp 1832 1st sp 1833 1834 5th sp 1836 1838 1840 1843 1844 1846 1848 1849 3rd sp 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1863 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1923 2nd sp 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 AL sp 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 AL sp 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024

State government

General elections
2002 2004 2006 2008 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
Gubernatorial elections
1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026
Lieutenant gubernatorial elections
2022 2024
Attorney General elections
2022 2024
Senate elections
2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
House of Representatives elections
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024

Ballot measures

2022
Proposal 2
Proposal 5

Burlington

Mayoral elections
1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024

The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (New Hampshire being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms. Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms. Isaac Tichenor, Jonas Galusha, Erastus Fairbanks, and Richard A. Snelling each served non-consecutive terms, while Thomas Chittenden served non consecutive terms as Governor of the Vermont Republic.

Mountain Rule

From the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates.

Under the provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of the Green Mountains and one resided on the west side, and the governorship and lieutenant governorship alternated between residents of the east and west side. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likely Republican candidates for office in Vermont agreed to abide by the Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long time political dispute between the Proctor (conservative) and Aiken–Gibson (liberal) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election of U.S. Senators; and several active third parties, including the Progressives, the Prohibition Party, and the Local Option movement. In the 1960s, the rise of the Vermont Democratic Party and the construction of Interstate 89 also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Though I-89 is a north-south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided.

List

As the independent Vermont Republic

#	Portrait	Governor	Took office	Left office	Party	Lieutenant Governor
1		Thomas Chittenden	March 13, 1778	October 13, 1789	No party	Joseph Marsh (1778–1779)	No party
Benjamin Carpenter (1779–1781)	No party
Elisha Payne (1781–1782)	No party
Paul Spooner (1782–1787)	No party
Joseph Marsh (1787–1790)	No party
2		Moses Robinson	October 13, 1789	October 20, 1790	No party
3		Thomas Chittenden	October 20, 1790	March 4, 1791	No party	Peter Olcott (1790–1794)	No party

As a U.S. state

Political party

Democratic (6) Democratic-Republican (6) Federalist (3) No party (1) National Republican (2) Republican (54) Whig (8)

#	Governor	Took office	Left office	Lieutenant Governor	Party	Side of the Green Mountains
1	Thomas Chittenden	March 5, 1791	August 25, 1797	Jonathan Hunt	Independent	West
1	Thomas Chittenden	March 5, 1791	August 25, 1797	Paul Brigham	Independent	West
2	Paul Brigham	August 25, 1797	October 16, 1797		Democratic-Republican	East
3	Isaac Tichenor	October 16, 1797	October 9, 1807		Federalist	West
4	Israel Smith	October 9, 1807	October 14, 1808		Democratic-Republican	West
5	Isaac Tichenor	October 14, 1808	October 14, 1809		Federalist	West
6	Jonas Galusha	October 14, 1809	October 23, 1813		Democratic-Republican	West
7	Martin Chittenden	October 23, 1813	October 14, 1815	William Chamberlain	Federalist	West
8	Jonas Galusha	October 14, 1815	October 23, 1820	Paul Brigham	Democratic-Republican	West
9	Richard Skinner	October 23, 1820	October 10, 1823	William Cahoon	Democratic-Republican	West
9	Richard Skinner	October 23, 1820	October 10, 1823	Aaron Leland	Democratic-Republican	West
10	Cornelius P. Van Ness	October 10, 1823	October 13, 1826		Democratic-Republican	West
11	Ezra Butler	October 13, 1826	October 10, 1828		National Republican	East
11	Ezra Butler	October 13, 1826	October 10, 1828	Henry Olin	National Republican	East
12	Samuel C. Crafts	October 10, 1828	October 18, 1831	Mark Richards	National Republican	East
13	William A. Palmer	October 18, 1831	November 2, 1835	Lebbeus Egerton	Anti-Masonic	East
13	William A. Palmer	October 18, 1831	November 2, 1835	Silas H. Jennison (Whig)	Anti-Masonic	East
14	Silas H. Jennison	November 2, 1835	October 15, 1841	vacant	Whig	West
14	Silas H. Jennison	November 2, 1835	October 15, 1841	David M. Camp	Whig	West
15	Charles Paine	October 15, 1841	October 13, 1843	Waitstill R. Ranney	Whig	East
16	John Mattocks	October 13, 1843	October 11, 1844	Horace Eaton	Whig	East
17	William Slade	October 11, 1844	October 9, 1846	Horace Eaton	Whig	West
18	Horace Eaton	October 9, 1846	October 1, 1848	Leonard Sargeant	Whig	East
19	Carlos Coolidge	October 1, 1848	October 11, 1850	Robert Pierpoint	Whig	East
20	Charles K. Williams	October 11, 1850	October 1, 1852	Julius Converse	Whig	West
21	Erastus Fairbanks	October 1, 1852	October 1, 1853	William C. Kittredge	Whig	East
22	John S. Robinson	October 1, 1853	October 13, 1854	Jefferson P. Kidder	Democratic	West
23	Stephen Royce	October 13, 1854	October 10, 1856	Ryland Fletcher	Whig (1st term)	West
23	Stephen Royce	October 13, 1854	October 10, 1856	Ryland Fletcher	Republican (2nd term)	West
24	Ryland Fletcher	October 10, 1856	October 10, 1858	James M. Slade	Republican	East
25	Hiland Hall	October 10, 1858	October 12, 1860	Burnham Martin	Republican	West
26	Erastus Fairbanks	October 12, 1860	October 11, 1861	Levi Underwood	Republican	East
27	Frederick Holbrook	October 11, 1861	October 9, 1863	Levi Underwood	Republican	East
27	Frederick Holbrook	October 11, 1861	October 9, 1863	Paul Dillingham	Republican	East
28	J. Gregory Smith	October 9, 1863	October 13, 1865	Paul Dillingham	Republican	West
29	Paul Dillingham	October 13, 1865	October 13, 1867	Abraham B. Gardner	Republican	East
30	John B. Page	October 13, 1867	October 15, 1869	Stephen Thomas	Republican	West
31	Peter T. Washburn	October 15, 1869	February 7, 1870	George W. Hendee	Republican	East
32	George W. Hendee	February 7, 1870	October 6, 1870	George N. Dale	Republican	West
33	John W. Stewart	October 6, 1870	October 3, 1872	George N. Dale	Republican	West
34	Julius Converse	October 3, 1872	October 8, 1874	Russell S. Taft	Republican	East
35	Asahel Peck	October 8, 1874	October 5, 1876	Lyman G. Hinckley	Republican	West
36	Horace Fairbanks	October 5, 1876	October 3, 1878	Redfield Proctor	Republican	East
37	Redfield Proctor	October 3, 1878	October 7, 1880	Eben Pomeroy Colton	Republican	West
38	Roswell Farnham	October 7, 1880	October 5, 1882	John L. Barstow	Republican	East
39	John L. Barstow	October 5, 1882	October 2, 1884	Samuel E. Pingree	Republican	West
40	Samuel E. Pingree	October 2, 1884	October 7, 1886	Ebenezer J. Ormsbee	Republican	East
41	Ebenezer J. Ormsbee	October 7, 1886	October 4, 1888	Levi K. Fuller	Republican	West
42	William P. Dillingham	October 4, 1888	October 2, 1890	Urban A. Woodbury	Republican	East
43	Carroll S. Page	October 2, 1890	October 6, 1892	Henry A. Fletcher	Republican	West
44	Levi K. Fuller	October 6, 1892	October 4, 1894	F. Stewart Stranahan	Republican	East
45	Urban A. Woodbury	October 4, 1894	October 8, 1896	Zophar M. Mansur	Republican	West
46	Josiah Grout	October 8, 1896	October 6, 1898	Nelson W. Fisk	Republican	East
47	Edward C. Smith	October 6, 1898	October 4, 1900	Henry C. Bates	Republican	West
48	William W. Stickney	October 4, 1900	October 3, 1902	Martin F. Allen	Republican	East
49	John G. McCullough	October 3, 1902	October 6, 1904	Zed S. Stanton	Republican	West
50	Charles J. Bell	October 6, 1904	October 4, 1906	Charles H. Stearns	Republican	East
51	Fletcher D. Proctor	October 4, 1906	October 8, 1908	George H. Prouty	Republican	West
52	George H. Prouty	October 8, 1908	October 5, 1910	John A. Mead	Republican	East
53	John A. Mead	October 5, 1910	October 3, 1912	Leighton P. Slack	Republican	West
54	Allen M. Fletcher	October 3, 1912	January 7, 1915	Frank E. Howe	Republican	East
55	Charles W. Gates	January 7, 1915	January 4, 1917	Hale K. Darling	Republican	West
56	Horace F. Graham	January 4, 1917	January 9, 1919	Roger W. Hulburd	Republican	East
57	Percival W. Clement	January 9, 1919	January 6, 1921	Mason S. Stone	Republican	West
58	James Hartness	January 6, 1921	January 4, 1923	Abram W. Foote	Republican	East
59	Redfield Proctor Jr.	January 4, 1923	January 8, 1925	Franklin S. Billings	Republican	West
60	Franklin S. Billings	January 8, 1925	January 6, 1927	Walter K. Farnsworth	Republican	East
61	John E. Weeks	January 6, 1927	January 8, 1931	Hollister Jackson Stanley C. Wilson	Republican	West
62	Stanley C. Wilson	January 8, 1931	January 10, 1935	Benjamin Williams Charles Manley Smith	Republican	East
63	Charles M. Smith	January 10, 1935	January 7, 1937	George D. Aiken	Republican	West
64	George David Aiken	January 7, 1937	January 9, 1941	William H. Wills	Republican	East
65	William H. Wills	January 9, 1941	January 4, 1945	Mortimer R. Proctor	Republican	West
66	Mortimer R. Proctor	January 4, 1945	January 9, 1947	Lee E. Emerson	Republican	West
67	Ernest W. Gibson Jr.	January 9, 1947	January 16, 1950	Lee E. Emerson	Republican	East
67	Ernest W. Gibson Jr.	January 9, 1947	January 16, 1950	Harold J. Arthur	Republican	East
68	Harold J. Arthur	January 16, 1950	January 4, 1951	vacant	Republican	West
69	Lee E. Emerson	January 4, 1951	January 6, 1955	Joseph B. Johnson	Republican	East
70	Joseph B. Johnson	January 6, 1955	January 8, 1959	Consuelo N. Bailey Robert T. Stafford	Republican	East
71	Robert T. Stafford	January 8, 1959	January 5, 1961	Robert S. Babcock	Republican	West
72	F. Ray Keyser Jr.	January 5, 1961	January 10, 1963	Ralph A. Foote (Republican)	Republican	East
73	Philip H. Hoff	January 10, 1963	January 9, 1969	Ralph A. Foote (Republican)	Democratic	West
73	Philip H. Hoff	January 10, 1963	January 9, 1969	John J. Daley (Democratic)	Democratic	West
74	Deane C. Davis	January 9, 1969	January 4, 1973	John S. Burgess (Republican)	Republican	East
75	Thomas P. Salmon	January 4, 1973	January 6, 1977	Brian D. Burns (Democratic)	Democratic	East
76	Richard A. Snelling	January 6, 1977	January 10, 1985	T. Garry Buckley (Republican)	Republican	West
				Madeleine Kunin (Democratic)
				Peter P. Smith (Republican)
77	Madeleine Kunin	January 10, 1985	January 10, 1991	Peter P. Smith (Republican)	Democratic	West
77	Madeleine Kunin	January 10, 1985	January 10, 1991	Howard Dean (Democratic)	Democratic	West
78	Richard A. Snelling	January 10, 1991	August 13, 1991	Howard Dean (Democratic)	Republican	West
79	Howard Dean	August 13, 1991	January 9, 2003	vacant	Democratic	West
				Barbara W. Snelling (Republican)
				Douglas Racine (Democratic)
80	Jim Douglas	January 9, 2003	January 6, 2011	Brian Dubie (Republican)	Republican	West
81	Peter Shumlin	January 6, 2011	January 5, 2017	Phil Scott (Republican)	Democratic	East
82	Phil Scott	January 5, 2017	Incumbent	David Zuckerman (Progressive/Democratic)	Republican	East
				Molly Gray (Democratic)
				David Zuckerman (Progressive/Democratic)

References

Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (May 23, 2021). "Length of Terms of Office of State Governors Throughout American History". The Green Papers. Richard E. Berg-Andersson. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
pdf Archived 2016-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
Vermont State Archives & Records Administration (2017). "State Officers: Executive Branch; Governors". SOS.Vermont.Gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
The Direct Primary, sos.vermont.gov
Newspaper article, The Mountain Rule in Vermont, New York Times, February 12, 1895
Magazine article, Mountain Rule Revisited, by Samuel B. Hand, Vermont History Magazine, published by Vermont Historical Society, Summer/Fall 2003, pages 139 to 151
Scott's fourth term began on January 5, 2023.

Template:Years in Vermont

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v t e Governors of Vermont
Vermont Republic (1777–1791)	Chittenden Robinson Chittenden
State of Vermont (since 1791)	Chittenden Brigham Tichenor I. Smith Tichenor Galusha M. Chittenden Galusha Skinner Van Ness Butler Crafts Palmer Jennison Paine Mattocks Slade Eaton Coolidge Williams E. Fairbanks Robinson Royce Fletcher Hall E. Fairbanks Holbrook G. Smith P. Dillingham Page Washburn Hendee Stewart Converse Peck H. Fairbanks R. Proctor Sr. Farnham Barstow Pingree Ormsbee W.P. Dillingham Page Fuller Woodbury Grout E. Smith Stickney McCullough Bell F. Proctor Prouty Mead Fletcher Gates Graham Clement Hartness R. Proctor Jr. Billings Weeks Wilson C. Smith Aiken Wills M. Proctor Gibson Arthur Emerson Johnson Stafford Keyser Hoff Davis Salmon Snelling Kunin Snelling Dean Douglas Shumlin Scott
Italics indicate acting governor

v t e State of Vermont
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