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1860 United States presidential election in Texas

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Main article: 1860 United States presidential election
1860 United States presidential election in Texas

← 1856 November 6, 1860 1872 →
 
Nominee John C. Breckinridge John Bell
Party Southern Democratic Constitutional Union
Home state Kentucky Tennessee
Running mate Joseph Lane Edward Everett
Electoral vote 4 0
Popular vote 47,548 15,438
Percentage 75.47% 24.50%

County Results

Breckinridge

  50-60%   60-70%   70-80%   80-90%   90-100%

Bell

  50-60%   70-80%   80-90%

Unknown/No Vote

  


President before election

James Buchanan
Democratic

Elected President

Abraham Lincoln
Republican

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The 1860 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 6, 1860. State voters chose four electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president. Soon after this election, Texas seceded from the United States in March 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America. It would not participate in the following elections in 1864 and 1868. The state would not be readmitted into the Union until 1870 and would not participate in another presidential election until 1872.

Background

Before candidates were even nominated, Texas, as the frontier of slavery in the United States, was always recognised as extremely important to the extension of slavery, and nefarious tales of abolition plots there were common in the Southern media. Texas delegates to the first Democratic National Convention refused to accept “Northern DemocratStephen A. Douglas′ platform of “popular sovereignty” — locally called “squatter sovereignty” — because they believed that it would prevent the expansion of slavery in the same manner as the Republicans’ “free soil” policy. Texas was among the most insistent states upon a platform that guaranteed expansion of slavery into the territories and consequently the state Democratic party unanimously supported the nomination of Southern Democrat nominee John C. Breckinridge. Douglas, indeed, had so little support amongst the Texas electorate that his supporters had agreed to transfer their allegiance to Constitutional Union candidate John Bell, although their ultimate goal was to support whomever stood the best chance of beating Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln, who was not on the ballot in Texas.

Analysis

With the state media overwhelmingly behind him, Texas overwhelmingly voted for Breckinridge by a margin of 50.97 points. Breckinridge won 75.47 percent of the vote, making Texas his strongest state. Despite the allegiance of Douglas supporters, Bell carried only three counties in the state and it is sometimes thought that the German-American abolitionists in such counties as Gillespie refrained from visiting the polls. Besides the counties he won, Bell only exceeded forty percent of the vote in six other counties. Douglas gained a mere 18 votes as a write-in candidate.

Results

1860 United States presidential election in Texas
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Southern Democratic John C. Breckinridge 47,548 75.47% 4
Constitutional Union John Bell 15,438 24.50% 0
Democratic Stephen A. Douglas (write-in) 18 0.03% 0
Total 63,004 100% 4

Results by county

1860 United States presidential election in Texas by county
County John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democratic

John Bell

Constitutional Union

Total Votes Cast
# % # %
Anderson 853 88.30% 113 11.70% 966
Angelina 213 63.58% 122 36.42% 335
Atascosa 194 90.23% 21 9.77% 215
Austin 395 74.53% 135 25.47% 530
Bandera 6 15.79% 32 84.21% 38
Bastrop 433 70.18% 184 29.82% 617
Bee 121 83.45% 24 16.55% 145
Bell 486 71.68% 192 28.32% 678
Bexar 986 77.09% 293 22.91% 1,279
Blanco 136 82.93% 28 17.07% 164
Bosque 218 82.58% 46 17.42% 264
Bowie 324 72.00% 126 28.00% 450
Brazoria 390 85.71% 65 14.29% 455
Brazos 253 95.11% 13 4.89% 266
Brown 39 81.25% 9 18.75% 48
Burleson 506 82.14% 110 17.86% 616
Burnet 148 52.11% 136 47.89% 284
Caldwell 423 76.77% 128 23.23% 551
Calhoun 350 74.15% 122 25.85% 472
Cameron 335 80.34% 82 19.66% 417
Cass 536 69.61% 234 30.39% 770
Chambers 106 84.80% 19 15.20% 125
Cherokee 905 85.14% 158 14.86% 1,063
Collin 667 62.39% 402 37.61% 1,069
Colorado 569 59.15% 393 40.85% 962
Comal 201 90.95% 20 9.05% 221
Comanche 104 92.04% 9 7.96% 113
Cooke 264 66.00% 136 34.00% 400
Coryell 249 77.57% 72 22.43% 321
Dallas 868 75.81% 277 24.19% 1,145
Denton 586 75.61% 189 24.39% 775
DeWitt 490 85.51% 83 14.49% 573
Ellis 416 66.88% 206 33.12% 622
El Paso 1,042 98.96% 11 1.04% 1,053
Erath 214 91.85% 19 8.15% 233
Falls 161 65.45% 85 34.55% 246
Fannin 778 67.36% 377 32.64% 1,155
Fayette 744 62.78% 441 37.22% 1,185
Fort Bend 362 92.11% 31 7.89% 393
Freestone 569 89.18% 69 10.82% 638
Galveston 730 72.06% 283 27.94% 1,013
Gillespie 66 48.53% 70 51.47% 136
Goliad 243 64.12% 136 35.88% 379
Gonzales 646 75.12% 214 24.88% 860
Grayson 776 63.76% 441 36.24% 1,217
Grimes 604 74.85% 203 25.15% 807
Guadalupe 244 63.54% 140 36.46% 384
Hamilton 108 93.10% 8 6.90% 116
Hardin 231 93.52% 16 6.48% 247
Harris 990 72.16% 382 27.84% 1,372
Harrison 681 63.70% 388 36.30% 1,069
Hays 164 55.41% 132 44.59% 296
Henderson 464 79.45% 120 20.55% 584
Hidalgo 64 100.00% 0 0.00% 64
Hill 389 74.95% 130 25.05% 519
Hopkins 812 74.98% 271 25.02% 1,083
Houston 431 77.10% 128 22.90% 559
Hunt 712 75.18% 235 24.82% 947
Jack 100 74.07% 35 25.93% 135
Jackson 181 61.15% 115 38.85% 296
Jasper 268 75.28% 88 24.72% 356
Jefferson 257 75.15% 85 24.85% 342
Johnson 446 88.32% 59 11.68% 505
Karnes 160 71.75% 63 28.25% 223
Kaufman 663 79.69% 169 20.31% 832
Kerr 86 73.50% 31 26.50% 117
Lamar 791 70.44% 332 29.56% 1,123
Lampasas 80 52.63% 72 47.37% 152
Lavaca 596 84.42% 110 15.58% 706
Leon 576 80.67% 138 19.33% 714
Liberty 345 98.29% 6 1.71% 351
Limestone 482 92.34% 40 7.66% 522
Live Oak 133 92.36% 11 7.64% 144
Llano 153 76.12% 48 23.88% 201
Madison 232 89.92% 26 10.08% 258
Marion 446 70.79% 184 29.21% 630
Mason 17 94.44% 1 5.56% 18
Matagorda 195 96.06% 8 3.94% 203
McLennan 524 72.18% 202 27.82% 726
Medina 146 80.22% 36 19.78% 182
Milam 474 73.15% 174 26.85% 648
Montague 120 78.95% 32 21.05% 152
Montgomery 263 69.95% 113 30.05% 376
Nacogdoches 381 66.61% 191 33.39% 572
Navarro 491 74.17% 171 25.83% 662
Newton 100 89.29% 12 10.71% 112
Nueces 128 74.42% 44 25.58% 172
Orange 129 95.56% 6 4.44% 135
Palo Pinto 152 96.20% 6 3.80% 158
Panola 518 79.94% 130 20.06% 648
Parker 775 82.36% 166 17.64% 941
Polk 562 90.06% 62 9.94% 624
Red River 514 62.30% 311 37.70% 825
Refugio 155 81.15% 36 18.85% 191
Robertson 341 78.03% 96 21.97% 437
Rusk 1,149 68.93% 518 31.07% 1,667
Sabine 232 95.47% 11 4.53% 243
San Augustine 219 86.56% 34 13.44% 253
San Patricio 64 95.52% 3 4.48% 67
San Saba 115 74.68% 39 25.32% 154
Shelby 425 84.49% 78 15.51% 503
Smith 1,155 76.85% 348 23.15% 1,503
Starr 40 27.40% 106 72.60% 146
Tarrant 618 74.82% 208 25.18% 826
Titus 884 76.08% 278 23.92% 1,162
Travis 556 56.91% 421 43.09% 977
Trinity 218 88.98% 27 11.02% 245
Tyler 496 98.41% 8 1.59% 504
Upshur 945 73.89% 334 26.11% 1,279
Uvalde 81 80.20% 20 19.80% 101
Van Zandt 335 92.03% 29 7.97% 364
Victoria 235 71.65% 93 28.35% 328
Walker 499 75.61% 161 24.39% 660
Washington 908 84.23% 170 15.77% 1,078
Webb 76 98.70% 1 1.30% 77
Wharton 215 91.10% 21 8.90% 236
Williamson 487 68.40% 225 31.60% 712
Wilson 47 54.02% 40 45.98% 87
Wise 169 65.50% 89 34.50% 258
Wood 515 67.14% 252 32.86% 767
Young 98 89.91% 11 10.09% 109
Zapata 151 100.00% 0 0.00% 151
Total 47,639 75.54% 15,422 24.46% 63,061

See also

Notes

  1. The write-in votes for Stephen A. Douglas are only given as a state total, as they are not included in most county data.
  2. No returns have been located for this election for Clay County.
  3. ^ Not included in the official returns as they arrived after the deadline.

References

  1. ^ Crenshaw, Ollinger (July 1942). "The Psychological Background of the Election of 1860 in the South". The North Carolina Historical Review. 19 (3): 260–279.
  2. ^ Ledbetter, Billy D. (October 1975). "Politics and Society: The Popular Response to Political Rhetoric in Texas, 1857-1860". East Texas Historical Journal. 13 (2): 11–24.
  3. Baggett, James Alex; The Scalawags: Southern Dissenters in the Civil War and Reconstruction, p. 38 ISBN 0807130141
  4. Bünger, Walter L. Secession and the Union in Texas. p. 76. ISBN 0292739958.
  5. "1860 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  6. Morgenthaler, Jefferson. The German Settlement of the Texas Hill Country'. p. 153. ISBN 1932801049.
  7. "1860 Presidential General Election Results - Texas". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  8. The Tribune Almanac and Political Register. Tribune Association. 1861.
  9. Dubin, Michael J. United States Presidential Elections. 1788-1870: The Official Results by County and State. ISBN 978-0-7864-6422-7.
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