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Events in 1861 in animation.

Events

May 2: On May 2, 1861, while working near Paris, Henri Désiré du Mont filed French patent 49,520 for "a photographic device for reproduction of the successive phases of movement". It would transport 10 or 12 photographic plates, one by one, from a slotted frame, past the camera lens, into a lower receptacle area. A moving shutter was synchronized to ensure the plates were only exposed when they were in the right place.

• Specific date unknown:
  • In 1861, the American engineer Coleman Sellers II received US patent No. 35,317 for the kinematoscope, a device that exhibited "stereoscopic pictures as to make them represent objects in motion". In his application he stated: "This has frequently been done with plane pictures but has never been, with stereoscopic pictures". He used three sets of stereoscopic photographs in a sequence with some duplicates to regulate the flow of a simple repetitive motion, but also described a system for very large series of pictures of complicated motion.
  • In 1861, the Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně used his version of the phenakistiscope to illustrate the beating of a heart.
  • In 1861, Samuel Goodale patented a hand-turned stereoscope device which rapidly moved stereo images past a viewer, in a fashion similar to the later mutoscope.
  • In 1861, the Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell produced the first colour photograph, displayed by using three magic lantern projectors with different colour filters.

Births

December

• December 8: Georges Méliès, French film director, actor, and stage magician (pioneered the production of trick films and stop-motion animation, and the use of storyboards; credited with discovering the stop trick), (d. 1938).

Deaths

May

• May 13: William Henry Fitton, Irish physician and geologist, (credited as the inventor of the animation device thaumatrope in the memoirs of his friend Charles Babbage), dies at age 81.

References

1. Zone, Ray (2014-02-03). Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838-1952. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-4589-1.
2. Herbert, Stephen (1998). Industry, Liberty, and a Vision: Wordsworth Donisthorpe's Kinesigraph. The Projection Box. ISBN 978-0-9523941-3-6.
3. Mannoni, Laurent The Great Art of Light and Shadow (2000 translation by Crangle)
4. "US31357.pdf" (PDF). docs.google.com. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
5. Homer Croy (1918). How Motion Pictures are Made. Harvard University. Harper.
6. Uebersicht der Arbeiten und Veränderungen im Jahre 1841 [Overview of works and changes in the year 1841] (in German). Breslau. 1842. pp. 62–63.
7. "Phenakistiscope (disque de) AP-94-374" [Phenakistiscope (disk) AP-94-374] (in French). La Cinémathèque Française. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
8. todayinsci.com Goodale patent docs
9. S. Stevenson, A. Morrison-Low, A. Simpson, J. Lawson, R. Mackenzie, R. Gillanders and J. Lawson, Light from the Dark Room: A Celebration of Scottish Photography (Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 1995), ISBN 0903598582, pp. 20–1.
10. Gress, Jon (2015). Visual Effects and Compositing. San Francisco: New Riders. p. 23. ISBN 9780133807240. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
11. Carroll 1996, p. 146
12. Kirby, Lynne (1997), Parallel Tracks: The Railroad and Silent Cinema, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 0822318393
13. Rosen 1987, p. 747.
14. Rosen 1987, p. 750.
15. "Les vues cinématographiques | La Cinémathèque québécoise" (in French). Retrieved 2019-11-05.
16. Gallimard (1928–1929). La Revue du cinéma (1928 - 1929). New York The Museum of Modern Art Library. Paris, Gallimard.
17. Brownie, Barbara (2014-12-18). Transforming Type: New Directions in Kinetic Typography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85785-533-6.
18. "French Movie Pioneer Dies". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, MN. 23 January 1938. p. 9. Retrieved 6 November 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
19. "Georges Melies. French Motion Picture Producer a Pioneer in Industry". The New York Times. 23 January 1938. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
20. Babbage, Charles (1864). Passages from the Life of a Philosopher. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green. pp. 189.

Sources

• Carroll, Noël (1996), Theorizing the Moving Image, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• Rosen, Miriam (1987), "Méliès, Georges", in Wakeman, John (ed.), World Film Directors: Volume I, 1890–1945, New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, pp. 747–65

• 1861 in animation