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List of Dáil by-elections

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This is a list of by-elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. By-elections in Ireland occur to fill vacant seats which can be caused by the death, resignation, disqualification or expulsion of a sitting Teachta Dála (member of parliament). Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, the writ for the by-election must be issued within six months of the vacancy.

There have been 138 by-elections since 1923, to fill 140 vacancies. 93 of these were caused by the death of a sitting Teachta Dála (TD). There were no by-elections during the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th, 22nd, 25th and 26th Dála. The longest period without a by-election was almost 10 years between 1984 and 1994. The largest number of by-elections on one day was on 11 March 1925, when seven constituencies filled nine vacancies caused by the National Party's split from Cumann na nGaedheal. Those seven by-elections included two which filled two vacancies, via the single transferable vote. All the other by-elections have used its single-winner analogue, the alternative vote.

Twenty-five TDs who were elected at a by-election were not subsequently re-elected at a general election. The only person twice elected at by-elections was Thomas Hennessy.

First and Second Dáil

The First Dáil was established by Sinn Féin members returned in the 1918 election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Convention in the Commons was that the writ for a by-election be moved by a party colleague of the vacating member, which was impossible for the abstentionist Sinn Féin. There were three by-elections held for Westminster constituencies vacated by Unionist members during the lifetime of the First Dáil, all of whom took their seats in Westminster.

Winner Party Constituency Date Outgoing Party Reason for vacancy Notes
Hugh T. Barrie U North Londonderry 4 March 1919 Hugh Anderson U Resignation This was the only by-election contested by Sinn Féin, Patrick McGilligan losing.
George Hanna Ind U East Antrim 27 May 1919 Robert McCalmont U Appointed commander of the Irish Guards
William Jellett U Dublin University 28 July 1919 Arthur Samuels U Appointed to the High Court of Justice in Ireland

The Second Dáil comprised those returned in the 1921 elections to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. There were no by-elections to either body during the lifetime of the Second Dáil.

By-elections since 1923

By-elections in which seats changed parties are indicated with a grey background.

Dáil Constituency Vacancy By-election
Outgoing Party Cause Date Winner Party

4th Dublin South Michael Hayes CnaG Elected for two constituencies; chose to represent the National University 27 October 1923 Hugh Kennedy CnaG
4th National University Eoin MacNeill CnaG Elected for two constituencies; chose to represent Clare. 3 November 1923 Patrick McGilligan CnaG
4th Dublin South Philip Cosgrave CnaG Death 12 March 1924 James O'Mara CnaG
4th Dublin County Michael Derham CnaG Death 19 March 1924 Batt O'Connor CnaG
4th Limerick Richard Hayes CnaG Resignation 28 May 1924 Richard O'Connell CnaG
4th Cork East Thomas O'Mahony CnaG Death 18 November 1924 Michael Noonan CnaG
4th Dublin South Hugh Kennedy CnaG Incompatible office: appointed as Chief Justice 18 November 1924 Seán Lemass Rep
4th Mayo North Henry Coyle CnaG Disqualification 18 November 1924 John Madden Rep
4th Cork Borough Alfred O'Rahilly CnaG Resignation 19 November 1924 Michael Egan CnaG
4th Donegal Peter J. Ward CnaG Resignation 20 November 1924 Denis McCullough CnaG
4th Carlow–Kilkenny Seán Gibbons CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Thomas Bolger CnaG
4th Cavan Seán Milroy CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 John Joe O'Reilly CnaG
4th Dublin North Francis Cahill CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Patrick Leonard CnaG
4th Dublin North Seán McGarry CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Oscar Traynor Rep
4th Dublin South Daniel McCarthy CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Thomas Hennessy CnaG
4th Leitrim–Sligo Thomas Carter CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Samuel Holt Rep
4th Leitrim–Sligo Alexander McCabe CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Martin Roddy CnaG
4th Mayo North Joseph McGrath CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Michael Tierney CnaG
4th Roscommon Henry Finlay CnaG Resignation 11 March 1925 Martin Conlon CnaG
4th Dublin County Darrell Figgis Ind Death 18 February 1926 William Norton Lab
4th Leix–Offaly Seán McGuinness Rep Disqualification 18 February 1926 James Dwyer CnaG

5th Dublin County Kevin O'Higgins CnaG Death (assassination) 24 August 1927 Gearóid O'Sullivan CnaG
5th Dublin South Constance Markievicz FF Death 24 August 1927 Thomas Hennessy CnaG

6th Carlow–Kilkenny W. T. Cosgrave CnaG Elected for two constituencies; chose to represent Cork Borough 3 November 1927 Denis Gorey CnaG
6th Dublin North James Larkin IWL Disqualification due to bankruptcy 3 April 1928 Vincent Rice CnaG
6th Dublin North Alfie Byrne Ind Incompatible office: elected to Seanad Éireann 14 March 1929 Thomas F. O'Higgins CnaG
6th Leitrim–Sligo Samuel Holt FF Death 7 June 1929 Seán Mac Eoin CnaG
6th Longford–Westmeath James Killane FF Death 13 June 1930 James Geoghegan FF
6th Dublin County Bryan Cooper CnaG Death 9 December 1930 Thomas Finlay CnaG
6th Kildare Hugh Colohan Lab Death 29 June 1931 Thomas Harris FF

8th Dublin University James Craig Ind Death 13 October 1933 Robert Rowlette Ind
8th Dublin County Batt O'Connor FG Death 17 June 1935 Cecil Lavery FG
8th Galway Martin McDonogh FG Death 19 June 1935 Eamon Corbett FF
8th Galway Patrick Hogan FG Death 13 August 1936 Martin Neilan FF
8th Wexford Osmond Esmonde FG Death 17 August 1936 Denis Allen FF

10th Dublin South James Beckett FG Death 6 June 1939 John McCann FF
10th Galway West Seán Tubridy FF Death 30 May 1940 John J. Keane FF

12th Kerry South Fionán Lynch FG Incompatible office: appointed as a Judge 10 November 1944 Donal O'Donoghue FF
12th Clare Patrick Burke FG Death 4 December 1945 Patrick Shanahan FF
12th Dublin North-West Seán T. O'Kelly FF Incompatible office: elected as President 4 December 1945 Vivion de Valera FF
12th Kerry South Frederick Crowley FF Death 4 December 1945 Honor Crowley FF
12th Mayo South Micheál Clery FF Incompatible office: appointed as County Registrar of Dublin 4 December 1945 Bernard Commons CnaT
12th Wexford Richard Corish Lab Death 4 December 1945 Brendan Corish Lab
12th Cork Borough William Dwyer Ind Resignation 14 June 1946 Patrick McGrath FF
12th Dublin County Patrick Fogarty FF Death 29 October 1947 Seán MacBride CnaP
12th Tipperary William O'Donnell CnaT Death 29 October 1947 Patrick Kinane CnaP
12th Waterford Michael Morrissey FF Death 29 October 1947 John Ormonde FF

13th Donegal East Neal Blaney FF Death 7 December 1948 Neil Blaney FF
13th Cork West Timothy J. Murphy Lab Death 15 June 1949 William J. Murphy Lab
13th Donegal West Brian Brady FF Death 16 November 1949 Patrick O'Donnell FG

14th Limerick East Daniel Bourke FF Death 26 June 1952 John Carew FG
14th Mayo North P. J. Ruttledge FF Death 26 June 1952 Phelim Calleary FF
14th Waterford Bridget Redmond FG Death 26 June 1952 William Kenneally FF
14th Dublin North-West A. P. Byrne Ind Death 12 November 1952 Thomas Byrne Ind
14th Cork East Seán Keane Lab Death 18 June 1953 Richard Barry FG
14th Wicklow Thomas Brennan FF Death 18 June 1953 Mark Deering FG
14th Galway South Frank Fahy FF Death 21 August 1953 Robert Lahiffe FF
14th Cork Borough Thomas F. O'Higgins FG Death 3 March 1954 Stephen Barrett FG
14th Louth James Coburn FG Death 3 March 1954 George Coburn FG

15th Limerick West David Madden FG Death 13 December 1955 Michael Colbert FF
15th Kerry North Johnny Connor CnaP Death 29 February 1956 Kathleen O'Connor CnaP
15th Dublin North-East Alfie Byrne Ind Death 30 April 1956 Patrick Byrne Ind
15th Leix–Offaly William Davin Lab Death 30 April 1956 Kieran Egan FF
15th Cork Borough Patrick McGrath FF Death 2 August 1956 John Galvin FF
15th Carlow–Kilkenny Thomas Walsh FF Death 14 November 1956 Martin Medlar FF
15th Dublin South-West Peadar Doyle FG Death 14 November 1956 Noel Lemass FF

16th Dublin North-Central Colm Gallagher FF Death 14 November 1957 Frank Sherwin Ind
16th Galway South Patrick Beegan FF Death 30 May 1958 Anthony Millar FF
16th Dublin South-Central Jack Murphy Ind Resignation 25 June 1958 Patrick Cummins FF
16th Clare Éamon de Valera FF Incompatible office: elected as President 22 July 1959 Seán Ó Ceallaigh FF
16th Dublin South-West Bernard Butler FF Death 22 July 1959 Richie Ryan FG
16th Meath James Griffin FF Death 22 July 1959 Henry Johnston FF
16th Carlow–Kilkenny Joseph Hughes FG Death 23 June 1960 Patrick Teehan FF
16th Sligo–Leitrim Stephen Flynn FF Death 1 March 1961 Joseph McLoughlin FG

17th Dublin North-East Jack Belton FG Death 30 May 1963 Paddy Belton FG
17th Cork Borough John Galvin FF Death 19 February 1964 Sheila Galvin FF
17th Kildare William Norton Lab Death 19 February 1964 Terence Boylan FF
17th Roscommon James Burke FG Death 8 July 1964 Joan Burke FG
17th Galway East Michael Donnellan CnaT Death 3 December 1964 John Donnellan FG
17th Cork Mid Dan Desmond Lab Death 10 March 1965 Eileen Desmond Lab

18th Kerry South Honor Crowley FF Death 7 December 1966 John O'Leary FF
18th Waterford Thaddeus Lynch FG Death 7 December 1966 Fad Browne FF
18th Cork Borough Seán Casey Lab Death 9 November 1967 Seán French FF
18th Limerick West James Collins FF Death 9 November 1967 Gerry Collins FF
18th Clare William Murphy FG Death 14 March 1968 Sylvester Barrett FF
18th Wicklow James Everett Lab Death 14 March 1968 Godfrey Timmins FG
18th Limerick East Donogh O'Malley FF Death 22 May 1968 Desmond O'Malley FF

19th Dublin South-West Seán Dunne Lab Death 4 March 1970 Seán Sherwin FF
19th Kildare Gerard Sweetman FG Death 14 April 1970 Patrick Malone FG
19th Longford–Westmeath Patrick Lenihan FF Death 14 April 1970 Patrick Cooney FG
19th Donegal–Leitrim Patrick O'Donnell FG Death 2 December 1970 Patrick Delap FF
19th Dublin County South Kevin Boland FF Resignation 2 December 1970 Larry McMahon FG
19th Cork Mid Paddy Forde FF Death 2 August 1972 Gene Fitzgerald FF

20th Monaghan Erskine H. Childers FF Incompatible office: elected as President 27 November 1973 Brendan Toal FG
20th Cork North-East Liam Ahern FF Death 13 November 1974 Seán Brosnan FF
20th Galway North-East Michael F. Kitt FF Death 4 March 1975 Michael P. Kitt FF
20th Galway West Johnny Geoghegan FF Death 4 March 1975 Máire Geoghegan-Quinn FF
20th Mayo West Henry Kenny FG Death 12 November 1975 Enda Kenny FG
20th Donegal North-East Liam Cunningham FF Death 10 June 1976 Paddy Keaveney IFF
20th Dublin South-West Noel Lemass FF Death 10 June 1976 Brendan Halligan Lab

21st Cork City Patrick Kerrigan Lab Death 7 November 1979 Liam Burke FG
21st Cork North-East Seán Brosnan FF Death 7 November 1979 Myra Barry FG
21st Donegal Joseph Brennan FF Death 6 November 1980 Clement Coughlan FF

23rd Dublin West Richard Burke FG Resignation 25 May 1982 Liam Skelly FG
23rd Galway East Johnny Callanan FF Death 20 July 1982 Noel Treacy FF

24th Donegal South-West Clement Coughlan FF Death 13 May 1983 Cathal Coughlan FF
24th Dublin Central George Colley FF Death 23 November 1983 Tom Leonard FF
24th Laois–Offaly Bernard Cowen FF Death 14 June 1984 Brian Cowen FF

27th Dublin South-Central John O'Connell FF Resignation 9 June 1994 Eric Byrne DL
27th Mayo West Pádraig Flynn FF Resignation 9 June 1994 Michael Ring FG
27th Cork North-Central Gerry O'Sullivan Lab Death 10 November 1994 Kathleen Lynch DL
27th Cork South-Central Pat Cox Ind Resignation 10 November 1994 Hugh Coveney FG
27th Wicklow Johnny Fox Ind Death 29 June 1995 Mildred Fox Ind
27th Donegal North-East Neil Blaney IFF Death 2 April 1996 Cecilia Keaveney FF
27th Dublin West Brian Lenihan Snr FF Death 2 April 1996 Brian Lenihan Jnr FF

28th Limerick East Jim Kemmy Lab Death 11 March 1998 Jan O'Sullivan Lab
28th Dublin North Ray Burke FF Resignation 11 March 1998 Seán Ryan Lab
28th Cork South-Central Hugh Coveney FG Death 23 October 1998 Simon Coveney FG
28th Dublin South-Central Pat Upton Lab Death 27 October 1999 Mary Upton Lab
28th Tipperary South Michael Ferris Lab Death 22 June 2000 Séamus Healy Ind
28th Tipperary South Theresa Ahearn FG Death 30 June 2001 Tom Hayes FG

29th Kildare North Charlie McCreevy FF Resignation 11 March 2005 Catherine Murphy Ind
29th Meath John Bruton FG Resignation 11 March 2005 Shane McEntee FG

30th Dublin South Séamus Brennan FF Death 5 June 2009 George Lee FG
30th Dublin Central Tony Gregory Ind Death 5 June 2009 Maureen O'Sullivan Ind
30th Donegal South-West Pat "the Cope" Gallagher FF Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 25 November 2010 Pearse Doherty SF
31st Dublin West Brian Lenihan Jnr FF Death 27 October 2011 Patrick Nulty Lab
31st Meath East Shane McEntee FG Death 27 March 2013 Helen McEntee FG
31st Dublin West Patrick Nulty Ind Resignation 23 May 2014 Ruth Coppinger SP
31st Longford–Westmeath Nicky McFadden FG Death 23 May 2014 Gabrielle McFadden FG
31st Dublin South-West Brian Hayes FG Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 10 October 2014 Paul Murphy AAA
31st Roscommon–South Leitrim Luke 'Ming' Flanagan Ind Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 10 October 2014 Michael Fitzmaurice Ind
31st Carlow–Kilkenny Phil Hogan FG Resignation 22 May 2015 Bobby Aylward FF
32nd Cork North-Central Billy Kelleher FF Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 29 November 2019 Pádraig O'Sullivan FF
32nd Dublin Fingal Clare Daly I4C Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 29 November 2019 Joe O'Brien GP
32nd Dublin Mid-West Frances FitzGerald FG Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 29 November 2019 Mark Ward SF
32nd Wexford Mick Wallace I4C Incompatible office: elected to the European Parliament 29 November 2019 Malcolm Byrne FF
33rd Dublin Bay South Eoghan Murphy FG Resignation 8 July 2021 Ivana Bacik Lab
  1. ^ TDs who were never subsequently re-elected.
  2. ^ A single by-election to fill two vacancies in the same constituency.

Vacancies not filled

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (September 2019)

When Pierce McCan died on 6 March 1919, his East Tipperary seat was left vacant at Westminster. In April 1919 a Dáil committee considering how to fill the vacancy considered allowing nomination by the Labour Party (which had stood aside in the 1918 election to avoid splitting the nationalist vote) before recommending that the Sinn Féin constituency organisation should nominate. However, in June 1919 the Dáil decided that "it was due to the memory of the late Pierce McCann that his place should not be filled at present". Later vacancies were also left unfilled; when Diarmuid Lynch resigned his seat in 1920, Arthur Griffith said "as the letter of resignation was addressed to the people of South-East Cork, the next step in the matter lay with the South-East Cork Executive of Sinn Fein". Asked in the Civil War about filling Third Dáil vacancies, W. T. Cosgrave as Chairman of the Provisional Government stated "the condition of the country scarcely warrants the holding of elections".

In the first Dáil, four Sinn Féin TDs represented two constituencies: Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith, Eoin MacNeill and Liam Mellowes. Ordinarily, this would prompt them to choose one constituency to represent, and to move a writ for a by-election in the other constituency.

Dáil Constituency Outgoing TD Party Reason for vacancy Date of vacancy Date of dissolution
1st Tipperary East Pierce McCan SF Death in prison 6 March 1919 10 May 1921
1st Cork South East Diarmuid Lynch SF Resignation 6 August 1920 10 May 1921
1st Cork Mid Terence MacSwiney SF Death on hunger strike 25 October 1920 10 May 1921
1st Wexford North Roger Sweetman SF Resignation 27 January 1921 10 May 1921
2nd Waterford–Tipperary East Frank Drohan SF Resignation 5 January 1922 16 June 1922
2nd Dublin County Frank Lawless SF Death 16 April 1922 16 June 1922
2nd Longford–Westmeath Joseph McGuinness SF Death 31 May 1922 16 June 1922
3rd Waterford–Tipperary East Cathal Brugha AT-SF Shot during the Civil War 7 July 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Mayo South–Roscommon South Harry Boland AT-SF Shot during the Civil War 1 August 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Cavan Arthur Griffith PT-SF Death 12 August 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West Michael Collins PT-SF Shot during the Civil War 22 August 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Sligo–Mayo East James Devins AT-SF Shot during the Civil War 20 September 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Mayo South–Roscommon Daniel O'Rourke PT-SF Resignation 29 November 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West Seán Hales PT-SF Shot during the Civil War 7 December 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Clare Patrick Brennan PT-SF Resignation 13 December 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Clare Seán Liddy PT-SF Resignation 18 December 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Tipperary Mid, North and South Joseph MacDonagh AT-SF Death on hunger strike 25 December 1922 9 August 1923
3rd Sligo–Mayo East Francis Ferran AT-SF Death in prison 10 June 1923 9 August 1923
4th Limerick James Ledden CnaG Death 19 January 1927 23 May 1927
6th Carlow–Kilkenny Peter de Loughry CnaG Death 23 October 1931 16 February 1932
6th Leix–Offaly William Aird CnaG Death 31 October 1931 29 January 1932
7th Cork East John Daly CnaG Death 23 February 1932 2 January 1933
7th Donegal Frank Carney FF Death 19 October 1932 2 January 1933
7th Dublin County Thomas Finlay CnaG Death 22 November 1932 2 January 1933
8th Cork West James Burke FG Death 10 September 1936 14 June 1937
8th National University Conor Maguire FF Appointment as High Court judge 3 November 1936 14 June 1937
8th Longford–Westmeath James Geoghegan FF Appointment as Supreme Court judge 23 December 1936 14 June 1937
9th Cork West Eamon Rice FF Death 7 November 1937 27 May 1938
10th Kilkenny Denis Gorey FG Death 20 February 1940 26 June 1943
10th Wicklow Séamus Moore FF Death 14 June 1940 26 June 1943
10th Cork South-East Brook Brasier FG Death 31 August 1940 26 June 1943
10th Mayo North John Munnelly FF Death 18 October 1941 26 June 1943
10th Cork Borough Thomas Dowdall FF Death 7 April 1942 26 June 1943
10th Dublin South Thomas Kelly FF Death 20 April 1942 26 June 1943
10th Sligo Frank Carty FF Death 10 September 1942 26 June 1943
10th Cork Borough Hugo Flinn FF Death 28 January 1943 26 June 1943
10th Cork South-East Jeremiah Hurley Lab Death 2 February 1943 26 June 1943
11th Tipperary Martin Ryan FF Death 22 July 1943 30 May 1944
12th Carlow–Kildare James Hughes FG Death 1 January 1948 12 January 1948
12th Sligo Martin Roddy FG Death 8 January 1948 12 January 1948
13th Galway West Joseph Mongan FG Death 12 March 1951 7 May 1951
13th Wexford John Esmonde Ind Resignation 1 May 1951 7 May 1951
15th Carlow–Kilkenny Thomas Derrig FF Death 19 November 1956 12 February 1957
16th Wexford Denis Allen FF Death 29 March 1961 15 September 1961
16th Carlow–Kilkenny Francis Humphreys FF Death 19 April 1961 15 September 1961
17th Longford–Westmeath Michael Kennedy FF Death 14 February 1965 18 March 1965
18th Wexford James Kennedy FF Death 13 September 1968 22 May 1969
18th Tipperary South Don Davern FF Death 2 November 1968 22 May 1969
18th Clare Patrick Hogan Lab Death 24 January 1969 22 May 1969
19th Tipperary South Patrick Hogan FG Death 5 October 1972 5 February 1973
19th Clare Patrick Hillery FF Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner 6 January 1973 5 February 1973
20th Dublin County South Richard Burke FG Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner 25 January 1977 25 May 1977
20th Dublin South-West Declan Costello FG Resignation on nomination as High Court judge 19 May 1977 25 May 1977
21st Tipperary North Michael O'Kennedy FF Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner 27 January 1981 21 May 1981
22nd Cavan–Monaghan Kieran Doherty AHB Death on hunger strike 2 August 1981 27 January 1982
23rd Galway West Bill Loughnane FF Death 18 October 1982 4 November 1982
24th Donegal South-West Cathal Coughlan FF Death 21 June 1986 21 January 1987
25th Sligo–Leitrim Ray MacSharry FF Resignation on nomination as EC Commissioner 25 January 1989 25 May 1989
25th Dublin South-Central Frank Cluskey Lab Death 7 May 1989 25 May 1989
30th Dublin South George Lee FG Resignation 8 February 2010 1 February 2011
30th Waterford Martin Cullen FF Resignation 24 March 2010 1 February 2011
30th Donegal North-East Jim McDaid FF Resignation 2 November 2010 1 February 2011
30th Dublin South-Central Seán Ardagh FF Resignation 28 January 2011 1 February 2011
31st Galway West Brian Walsh FG Resignation 14 January 2016 3 February 2016
32nd Cork North-Central Dara Murphy FG Resignation 3 December 2019 14 January 2020
33rd Laois–Offaly Barry Cowen FF Elected to the European Parliament 16 July 2024 8 November 2024
33rd Carlow–Kilkenny Kathleen Funchion SF Elected to the European Parliament 16 July 2024 8 November 2024
33rd Clare Michael McNamara Ind Elected to the European Parliament 16 July 2024 8 November 2024
33rd Dublin Bay North Aodhán Ó Ríordáin Lab Elected to the European Parliament 16 July 2024 8 November 2024
33rd Clare Joe Carey FG Resignation due to illness 27 August 2024 8 November 2024

TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil

Outgoing TDs who died after the dissolution of the Dáil but before the following election did not create a vacancy, as there was no Dáil in being at the time of their death.

Dáil Constituency Outgoing TD Party Date of dissolution Date of death Date of general election
6th Leitrim–Sligo Patrick Reynolds Cumann na nGaedheal 29 January 1932 14 February 1932 16 February 1932
12th Kilkenny Eamonn Coogan Fine Gael 12 January 1948 22 January 1948 4 February 1948

See also

References

Notes

  1. Electoral (Amendment) Act 2011, s. 2 (No. 14 of 2011, s. 2). Enacted on 25 July 2011. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 29 April 2021.
  2. Laffan, Michael (1999). The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party, 1916–1923. Cambridge University Press. p. 309. ISBN 9781139426299. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  3. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 Sep 1923". Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  4. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 3 Oct 1923". Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  5. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 12 Oct 1927". Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  6. Mitchell, Arthur (1995). Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dáil Éireann, 1919-22. Gill & MacMillan. p. 24. ISBN 9780717114818.
  7. "East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  8. "Report of Select Committee on East Tipperary Vacancy". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 17 June 1919. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  9. "Resignation Of Deputy For South-East Cork". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. 6 August 1920. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  10. Cosgrave, W. T. (19 September 1922). "[Questions] Vacant seats in the Dáil – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil)". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  11. Sweetman, R. M. (28 January 1921). "Mr. Roger Sweetman's Position". The Irish Times. p. 4. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  12. "Dáil Éireann debate - Monday, 18 December 1922: Resignation of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  13. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 25 January 1927: The Late Deputy Ledden". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1931: Death of Deputies - Message of Condolence". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  15. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 9 March 1932: Death of Former Members of Dáil". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  16. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 October 1932: Death of Deputy F. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  17. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 23 November 1932: Death of Deputy Thomas A. Carney". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  18. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 4 November 1936: Death of Deputy J.M. Burke". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  19. "Attorney-General's Judicial Appointment – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 64 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 4 November 1936. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  20. "Deputy's Appointment to Judiciary – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 65 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 3 February 1937.
  21. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 10 November 1937: Death of Deputy Eamonn Rice". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  22. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 21 February 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  23. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 19 June 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  24. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 2 October 1940: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  25. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 29 October 1941: Bás an Teachta Seán ó Muinghile". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  26. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 14 April 1942: Death of Deputy T.P. Dowdall". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  27. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 21 April 1942: Death of Deputy T. Kelly". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  28. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 14 October 1942: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  29. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 3 February 1943: Death of Two Deputies". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  30. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 20 October 1943: Death of a Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 18 February 1948: Deceased Deputies". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  32. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 May 1951: Resignation of Deputy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  33. "Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy – Dáil Éireann (15th Dáil) – Vol. 160 No. 9". Houses of the Oireachtas. 21 November 1956. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  34. "Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – Vol. 188 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 April 1961. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  35. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 20 April 1961: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  36. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 16 February 1965: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  37. "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 23 October 1968: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  38. "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 5 November 1968: Death of Member: Expression of Sympathy". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
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