Misplaced Pages

87th Troop Carrier Group
P-47 Thunderbolt as used by the 87th Fighter Group during World War II
Active	1943–1944; 1949–1951; 1952–1953
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force

The 87th Troop Carrier Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 87th Troop Carrier Wing at Atterbury Air Force Base, Indiana where it was inactivated on 1 February 1953.

The group was first activated as the 87th Pursuit Group in 1942 at Selfridge Field, Michigan, but was inactivated almost immediately because the Army Air Corps had exceeded the number of pursuit units authorized, and the group was disbanded five days after it was activated. It remained in this state until 1979 when it was consolidated with the 87th Troop Carrier Group in inactive status.

In the fall of 1943, a new unit, the 87th Fighter Group was activated at Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia to serve as a replacement training unit. It served as a Republic P-47 Thunderbolt replacement training unit under First Air Force until 1944 when it was disbanded in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces training units.

In 1949, the group was reactivated in the Air Force Reserve and served as a corollary unit of the active duty 27th Fighter Group and later, as the 87th Fighter-Escort Group, of the 12th Fighter-Escort Group until it was ordered to active service in 1951. Its personnel were used to man active duty units and the group was inactivated two months after being called up.

The group was redesignated in 1952 as the 87th Troop Carrier Group, and activated at Atterbury Air Force Base to replace the 923d Reserve Training Wing. the following year the group was inactivated and replaced at Atterbury by the 434th Troop Carrier Group.

History

World War II

87th Pursuit Group

Shortly after the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, as the Army Air Corps was expanding, Third Air Force activated the 87th Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Michigan. However, the group was disbanded almost immediately because the Army Air Corps had exceeded the number of pursuit units authorized, and the group was disbanded five days after it was activated. The same happened to the 304th, 305th, and 306th Pursuit Squadrons that had been assigned to the group The pursuit group remained disbanded until 1979 when it was consolidated with the 87th Troop Carrier Group in inactive status.

87th Fighter Group

The 87th Fighter Group was activated the following year at Richmond Army Air Base with the 450th, 535th, 536th, and 537th Fighter Squadrons assigned. The group began operations with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts as a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). RTUs were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters and assignment to an operational group. In January 1944, the group began a split operation when group headquarters and the 450th and the 535th squadrons moved to Camp Springs Army Air Field, Maryland, and the remaining squadrons transferred to Millville Army Air Field, New Jersey. The 450th Squadron did not become operational until the move to Camp Springs.

However, the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. while the groups and squadrons acting as RTUs were disbanded or inactivated. This resulted in the 87th, along with the 450th Squadron at Camp Springs, being disbanded in the spring of 1944 and being replaced by the 112th AAF Base Unit (Fighter), which assumed the group's mission, personnel, and equipment. The 535th was replaced by the 125th AAF Base Unit (Fighter), and the two squadrons at Millville were rolled into the 135th AAF Base Unit (Fighter).

Air Force Reserves

The group was reactivated in 1949 in the Air Force Reserve at Bergstrom Air Force Base as a corollary unit to Strategic Air Command's 27th Fighter Group with one operational squadron and two support units. With no aircraft assigned, reservists of the unit flew the North American F-82 Twin Mustangs, and later, the Republic F-84 Thunderjets of the 27th. When most of the 27th group deployed to Korea for the Korean War, the group became affiliated with the 12th Fighter-Escort Group. The group was called to active service in May 1951. After its personnel were used to man other units, the group was inactivated in June.

In 1952 the group was redesignated as the 87th Troop Carrier Group, and assigned to the newly constituted 87th Troop Carrier Wing under the wing base organization system and activated at Atterbury Air Force Base. The 87th wing replaced the 923d Reserve Training Wing at Atterbury when reserve flying operations resumed there. The group operated a mix of aircraft to train reservists. In February 1953 the 434th Troop Carrier Group was released from active duty and activated in the reserves, assuming the mission, personnel and equipment of the group.

Lineage

87th Pursuit Group

• Constituted as the 87th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 13 January 1942

Activated on 10 February 1942

Disbanded on 15 February 1942

• Reconstituted in 1979 and consolidated with the 87th Troop Carrier Group as the 87th Troop Carrier Group

87th Tactical Airlift Group

• Constituted as the 87th Fighter Group (Single Engine) on 24 September 1943

Activated on 1 October 1943

Disbanded on 10 April 1944

• Reconstituted on 16 May 1949 and allotted to the reserve

Activated on 27 June 1949

Redesignated 87th Fighter-Escort Group on 16 March 1950

Ordered into active service on 1 May 1951

Inactivated on 25 June 1951

• Redesignated 87th Troop Carrier Group, Medium on 26 May 1952 and allotted to the reserve

Activated on 15 June 1952

Inactivated on 1 February 1953

• Consolidated with the 87th Pursuit Group in 1979

Redesignated 87th Tactical Airlift Group on 31 July 1985 (not active)

Assignments

• III Interceptor Command: 10 February 1942 – 15 February 1942
• I Fighter Command, 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944 (attached to Philadelphia Air Defense Wing until c. December 1943)
• Eighth Air Force, 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951 (attached to 27th Fighter Group (later 27th Fighter-Escort Group) until 5 December 1950; 12 Fighter Escort Group until 25 June 1951)
• 87th Troop Carrier Wing, 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953

Components

• 87th Communications Squadron, 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951
• 87th Finance Disbursing Unit, 27 June 1949 – 16 March 1950
• 304th Pursuit Squadron, 10 February 1942 – 15 February 1942
• 305th Pursuit Squadron, 10 February 1942 – 15 February 1942
• 306th Pursuit Squadron, 10 February 1942 – 15 February 1942
• 450th Fighter Squadron, 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944
• 535th Fighter Squadron (later Fighter-Escort Squadron, Troop Carrier Squadron), 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944; 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951; 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953
• 536th Fighter Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron), 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944; 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953

Millville Army Air Field, New Jersey, 7 January 1944 – 10 April 1944

• 537th Fighter Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron), 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944; 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953

Millville Army Air Field, New Jersey, 7 January 1944 – 10 April 1944

Stations

• Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia, 1 October 1943
• Camp Springs Army Air Field, Maryland, 21 January 1944 – 10 April 1944
• Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas, 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951
• Atterbury Air Force Base, Indiana, 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953

Aircraft

References

Notes

1. ^ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 153–154
2. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 556–557
3. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 642–643
4. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 643
5. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 644
6. Craven & Cate, Vol. VI, Men & Planes, p. xxxvi
7. Craven & Cate, The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2: The AAF p. 75
8. Maurer, Combat Units, p. 7
9. See Mueller, p. 8
10. See Mueller, p. 114
11. See Abstract, History of Millville AAF 1940–1944 Retrieved 16 December 2013
12. ^ Mueller, pp. 29–34
13. ^ Robertson, Patsy, AFHRA 535 Airlift Squadron Fact Sheet Archived 8 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine 19 December 2007
14. The 923d had been activated in 1951 when the reserve 434th Troop Carrier Wing was called to active duty for the Korean War.
15. ^ Ravenstein, p. 122
16. Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 648q, 31 July 1985, Subject: Reconstitution, Redesignation, and Consolidation of Selected Air Force Organizations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1955). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48-3657.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) . Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) . Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
• Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.

Further reading

• Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946–1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6.

v t e Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
Air Forces	Fourth Tenth Twenty-Second
Bases	Dobbins Duke Field General Mitchell Grissom Homestead March Minneapolis-Saint Paul Niagara Falls Pittsburgh Westover Youngstown
Command	Air Reserve Personnel Center
Wings/Groups	Air Refueling 434th 459th 507th 916th 939th 940th Airlift 94th 302nd 315th 433rd 439th 440th 445th 446th 512th 908th 910th 911th 914th 927th 932nd 934th Fighter 301st 414th 419th 442nd 476th 477th 482nd 944th other 307th Bomb 310th Space 349th Air Mobility 403rd 452nd Air Mobility 514th Air Mobility 655th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance 919th Special Operations 920th Rescue

v t e USAAF First Air Force in World War II
Airfields	First Air Force Group Training Stations First Air Force Replacement Training Stations First Air Force Tactical Airfields Freeman Army Airfield Godman Army Airfield Selfridge Field
Units	Commands I Bomber Command I Fighter Command I Ground Air Support Command Wings 25th Antisubmarine 50th Troop Carrier 52d Troop Carrier 53d Troop Carrier 60th Troop Carrier 61st Troop Carrier Boston Fighter New York Fighter Norfolk Fighter Philadelphia Fighter Groups Bombardment 2d Bombardment 13th Bombardment 22d Bombardment 34th Bombardment 43d Bombardment 45th Bombardment 301st Bombardment 302d Bombardment 400th Bombardment 402d Bombardment 455th Bombardment 459th Bombardment 460th Bombardment 471st Bombardment Combat Cargo 1st Combat Cargo 2d Combat Cargo 4th Combat Cargo Fighter 8th Fighter 31st Fighter 33d Fighter 52d Fighter 56th Fighter 57th Fighter 58th Fighter 59th Fighter 79th Fighter 80th Fighter 83d Fighter 87th Fighter 324th Fighter 325th Fighter 326th Fighter 327th Fighter 332d Fighter 348th Fighter 352d Fighter 353d Fighter 355th Fighter 356th Fighter 358th Fighter 359th Fighter 361st Fighter 362d Fighter 365th Fighter 366th Fighter 368th Fighter 370th Fighter 371st Fighter 373d Fighter 402d Fighter 413th Fighter 476th Fighter Reconnaissance 26th Reconnaissance 73d Reconnaissance Troop Carrier 10th Troop Carrier 60th Troop Carrier 61st Troop Carrier 62d Troop Carrier 63d Troop Carrier 89th Troop Carrier 313th Troop Carrier 314th Troop Carrier 315th Troop Carrier 316th Troop Carrier 317th Troop Carrier 349th Troop Carrier 375th Troop Carrier 403d Troop Carrier 433d Troop Carrier 434th Troop Carrier 435th Troop Carrier 436th Troop Carrier 437th Troop Carrier 438th Troop Carrier 439th Troop Carrier 440th Troop Carrier 441st Troop Carrier 442d Troop Carrier Other 1st Search Attack 477th Composite Incidents Freeman Field Mutiny
United States Army Air Forces First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Twentieth

• Troop carrier groups of the United States Air Force
• Military units and formations of the United States Air Force Reserves
• Military units and formations established in 1943
• Troop carrier groups of the United States Army Air Forces