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This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:

• Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.
• Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
• Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.

All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.

Current rockets

Orbits legend:

• LEO, low Earth orbit
• SSO or SSPO, near-polar Sun-synchronous orbit
• polar, polar orbit
• MEO, medium Earth orbit
• GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
• GEO, geostationary orbit (direct injection)
• HEO, high Earth orbit
• HCO, heliocentric orbit
• TLI, trans-lunar injection
• TMI, trans-Mars injection

Vehicle	Origin	Manufacturer	Height	Maximum payload mass (kg)			Reusable / Expendable	Orbital launches including failures	Launch site(s)	Dates of flight
				LEO	GTO	Other				First	Latest
Angara A5 / Briz-M	Russia	Khrunichev	48.7 m	24,500	5,200	2,800 to GEO	Expendable	2	Plesetsk, Vostochny	2014	2020
Angara-1.2	Russia	Khrunichev	42.7 m	3,700	N/A	2,400 to SSO 3400 to polar	Expendable	3	Plesetsk, Vostochny	2022	2024
Ariane 6 A62	Europe	ArianeGroup	63 m	10,350	4,500	7,200 to SSO 7,000 to polar 3,300 to HEO 3,500 to TLI	Expendable	1	CSG	2024	2024
Atlas V 551	United States	ULA	58.3 m	18,850	8,900	13,550 to SSO 14,520 to polar 3,850 to GEO	Expendable	14	VAFB, CCSFS	2006	2024
Atlas V N22	United States	ULA	52.4 m	13,000	N/A	N/A	Expendable	3	Cape Canaveral	2019	2024
Ceres-1 (3)	China	Galactic Energy	20 m	420	N/A	300 to SSO	Expendable	10	JSLC	2022	2024
Ceres-1S	China	Galactic Energy	20 m	400	N/A	300 to SSO	Expendable	3	OMSP	2023	2024
Chollima-1	North Korea	NADA	> 38 m	> 300	N/A	N/A	Expendable	3	Sohae	2023	2023
Electron	United States  New Zealand	Rocket Lab	18 m	300	N/A	200 to SSO	Partially reusable	54	Mahia, MARS	2017	2024
Epsilon (2)	Japan	IHI	24.4 m	1,500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1	KSC	2016	2016
Epsilon (2) / CLPS	Japan	IHI	24.4 m	N/A	N/A	590 to SSO	Expendable	4	KSC	2018	2022
Falcon 9 Block 5	United States	SpaceX	70 m	13,000	1,800	1,000 to BLT	Partially reusable (launch site)	358	Vandenberg, Cape Canaveral, Kennedy	2018	2024
				~ 18,500	5,500	4,500 to MEO	Partially reusable (drone ship)
				22,800	8,300	4,020 to TMI	Expendable
Falcon Heavy	United States	SpaceX	70 m	30,000	8,000	N/A	Partially reusable	11	Kennedy	2018	2024
				63,800	26,700	16,800 to TMI	Expendable
Firefly Alpha	United States	Firefly Aerospace	29 m	1,030	N/A	630 to SSO	Expendable	5	VAFB, CCSFS	2021	2024
Gravity-1	China	Orienspace	31.4 m	6,500	N/A	4,200 to SSO	Expendable	1	OMSP	2024	2024
GSLV Mk II	India	ISRO	49.1 m	6,000	2,250	N/A	Expendable	10	SDSC	2010	2024
H-IIA 202	Japan	Mitsubishi	53 m	10,000	4,000	5,100 to SSO	Expendable	34	TNSC	2001	2024
H3-22S	Japan	Mitsubishi	57 m	N/A	3,500	N/A	Expendable	4	TNSC	2023	2024
Hyperbola-1 (2)	China	i-Space	22.5 m	500	N/A	300 to SSO	Expendable	6	JSLC	2021	2024
Jielong 1	China	CALT	19.5 m	N/A	N/A	200 to SSO	Expendable	1	JSLC	2019	2019
Jielong 3	China	CALT	31.8 m	N/A	N/A	1,500 (500 km SSO)	Expendable	4	OMSP	2022	2024
Kinetica 1	China	CAS Space	30 m	2,000	N/A	1,500 (500 km SSO)	Expendable	5	JSLC	2022	2024
Kuaizhou 1A	China	ExPace	19.8 m	390	N/A	260 to SSO	Expendable	27	JSLC, TSLC, XSLC	2013	2024
Kuaizhou 1A Pro	China	ExPace	19.8 m	500	N/A	360 to SSO	Expendable	1	JSLC, TSLC, XSLC	2024	2024
Kuaizhou 11	China	ExPace	25.3 m	1,500	N/A	1,000 to SSO	Expendable	3	JSLC	2020	2024
Long March 2C	China	CALT	38.8 m	3,850	1,250	1,400 to SSO	Expendable	73	JSLC, TSLC, XSLC	1982	2024
Long March 2C / YZ-1S	China	CALT	38.8 m	N/A	N/A	2,000 to SSO	Expendable	8	JSLC, XSLC	2018	2024
Long March 2D	China	SAST	41.1 m	4,000	N/A	1,300 to SSO	Expendable	89	JSLC, TSLC, XSLC	1992	2024
Long March 2D / YZ-3	China	SAST	41.1 m	N/A	N/A	2,000 to SSO	Expendable	4	JSLC, XSLC	2018	2024
Long March 2F	China	CALT	62 m	8,400	N/A	N/A	Expendable	24	JSLC	1999	2024
Long March 3A	China	CALT	52.5 m	6,000	2,600	5,000 to SSO 1,420 to TLI	Expendable	27	XSLC	1994	2018
Long March 3B/E	China	CALT	56.3 m	11,500	5,500	6,900 to SSO 3,500 to TLI	Expendable	85	XSLC	2007	2024
Long March 3B/E / YZ-1	China	CALT	56.3 m	N/A	N/A	2,200 to MEO	Expendable	15	XSLC	2015	2024
Long March 3C	China	CALT	54.8 m	9,100	3,800	2,300 to TLI	Expendable	18	XSLC	2008	2021
Long March 3C / YZ-1	China	CALT	54.8 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	2	XSLC	2015	2016
Long March 4B	China	SAST	44.1 m	4,200	1,500	2,800 to SSO	Expendable	52	JSLC, TSLC	1999	2024
Long March 4C	China	SAST	45.8 m	4,200	1,500	2,800 to SSO	Expendable	55	JSLC, TSLC, XSLC	2006	2024
Long March 5	China	CALT	56.9 m	~ 25,000	~ 14,000	15,000 to SSO 4,500 to GEO 8,200 to TLI 6,000 to TMI	Expendable	7	WSLS	2017	2024
Long March 5 / YZ-2	China	CALT	56.9 m	N/A	N/A	4,500 to GEO	Expendable	1	WSLS	2016	2016
Long March 5B	China	CALT	56.9 m	23,000	N/A	N/A	Expendable	4	WSLS	2020	2022
Long March 6	China	SAST	29 m	1,500	N/A	1,080 to SSO	Expendable	13	TSLC	2015	2024
Long March 6A	China	SAST	50 m	8,000	N/A	4,000 to SSO	Expendable	9	TSLC	2022	2024
Long March 6C	China	CALT	43 m	4,500	N/A	2,500 to SSO	Expendable	1	TSLC	2024	2024
Long March 7	China	CALT	53.1 m	13,500	N/A	5,500 to SSO	Expendable	8	WSLS	2017	2024
Long March 7 / YZ-1A	China	CALT	53.1 m	N/A	N/A	9,500 to SSO	Expendable	1	WSLS	2016	2016
Long March 7A	China	CALT	60.13 m	N/A	7,000	5,000 to TLI	Expendable	8	WSLS	2020	2024
Long March 8 822	China	CALT	50.34 m	7,600	2,500	4,500 to SSO 1,500 to TLI	Expendable	2	WSLS	2020	2024
Long March 8 820	China	CALT	48 m	4,500	N/A	3,000 to polar	Expendable	1	WSLS	2022	2022
Long March 11	China	CALT	20.8 m	700	N/A	350 to SSO	Expendable	12	JSLC, XSLC	2015	2023
Long March 11H	China	CALT	20.8 m	700	N/A	350 to SSO	Expendable	5	OMSP	2019	2023
Long March 12	China	CALT	59 m	10,000	N/A	6,000 to SSO	Expendable	1	WSLS	2024	2024
LVM 3	India	ISRO	43.4 m	8,000	4,000	3,000 to TLI	Expendable	6	SDSC	2017	2023
Minotaur-C-XL-3210	United States	Northrop Grumman	27.9 m	1,275	N/A	880 to SSO	Expendable	2	VAFB	2004	2017
Minotaur I	United States	Northrop Grumman	19.2 m	580	N/A	~ 430 to SSO 400 to Polar	Expendable	12	MARS, VAFB	2000	2021
Minotaur IV	United States	Northrop Grumman	23.9 m	1,735	N/A	1,170 to Polar	Expendable	2	MARS, VAFB	2010	2020
Minotaur IV / HAPS	United States	Northrop Grumman	23.9 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1	KLC	2010	2010
Minotaur IV / Orion 38	United States	Northrop Grumman	23.9 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1	CCSFS	2017	2017
Minotaur IV+	United States	Northrop Grumman	23.9 m	1,950	N/A	1,430 to Polar	Expendable	1	KLC	2011	2011
Minotaur V	United States	Northrop Grumman	24.6 m	N/A	678	465 to HCO	Expendable	1	MARS	2013	2013
Nuri (KSLV-II)	South Korea	KARI	47.2 m	3,300	N/A	1,900 to SSO	Expendable	3	Naro	2021	2023
Pegasus XL	United States	Northrop Grumman	16.9 m	475	125	~ 325 to SSO 365 to Polar	Expendable	29	CCSFS, VAFB, MARS, Gando, Kwajalein Atoll	1994	2021
Pegasus XL / HAPS	United States	Northrop Grumman	16.9 m	500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	6	VAFB, MARS	1997	2005
Proton-M	Russia	Khrunichev	57.2 m	23,700	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1	Baikonur	2021	2021
Proton-M / Briz-M	Russia	Khrunichev	58.2 m	N/A	6,300	3,300 to GEO	Expendable	101	Baikonur	2001	2023
Proton-M / Blok DM-03	Russia	Khrunichev	57.2 m	N/A	6,000	3,200 to GEO	Expendable	7	Baikonur	2010	2023
PSLV-CA	India	ISRO	44.4 m	2,100	N/A	1,100 to SSO	Expendable	17	SDSC	2007	2023
PSLV-DL	India	ISRO	44.4 m	N/A	N/A	1,257 to SSO	Expendable	4	SDSC	2019	2024
PSLV-QL	India	ISRO	44.4 m	N/A	N/A	1,523 to SSO	Expendable	2	SDSC	2019	2019
PSLV-XL	India	ISRO	44.4 m	3,800	1,300	1,750 to SSO 550 to TMI	Expendable	26	SDSC	2008	2024
Qaem 100	Iran	IRGC	15.5 m	80	N/A	N/A	Expendable	3	Shahrud	2023	2024
Qased	Iran	IRGC	18.8 m	40	N/A	N/A	Expendable	3	Shahrud	2020	2023
Shavit-2	Israel	IAI	22.1 m	380 in Retrograde	N/A	N/A	Expendable	6	Palmachim	2007	2023
Simorgh	Iran	Iranian Space Agency	26 m	350	N/A	N/A	Expendable	7	Semnan	2017	2024
Soyuz-2.1a	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	51.4 m	7,020 from Baikonur 6,830 from Plesetsk 7,150 from Vostochny	N/A	N/A	Expendable	50	Baikonur, Plesetsk	2013	2024
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	46.9 m	N/A	N/A	4,450 to SSO	Expendable	22	Baikonur, Vostochny	2006	2023
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	46.9 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1	Baikonur, Plesetsk, Vostochny	2016	2016
Soyuz-2.1b	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	44.1 m	8,200 from Baikonur 7,850 from Plesetsk 8,320 from Vostochny	N/A	N/A	Expendable	18	Baikonur, Plesetsk	2008	2024
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	46.7 m	5,500	3,060	4,900 to SSO 1,200 to HCO	Expendable	55	Baikonur, Plesetsk, Vostochny	2006	2024
Soyuz-2.1v	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	44.1 m	2,800	N/A	2,630 to polar	Expendable	5	Plesetsk	2018	2024
Soyuz-2.1v / Volga	Russia	TsSKB-Progress	44.1 m	N/A	N/A	1,400 to SSO	Expendable	7	Plesetsk	2013	2022
SLS Block 1	United States	NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman	98 m	95,000	N/A	27,000+ to TLI	Expendable	1	KSC	2022	2022
SSLV	India	ISRO	34 m	500	N/A	300 to SSO	Expendable	3	SDSC	2022	2024
Tianlong-2	China	Space Pioneer	32.8 m	2,000	N/A	1,500 to SSO	Expendable	1	JSLC	2023	2023
Vega-C	Europe Italy	ArianeGroupAvio	36.2 m	3,300	N/A	2,300 to SSO2,500 to polar	Expendable	3	CSG	2022	2024
Zhuque-2E	China	LandSpace	49.5 m	6,000	N/A	4,000 to SSO	Expendable	1	JSLC	2024	2024

1. Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
2. for Starliner
3. Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.
4. Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
5. Either 2 or 3 boosters recoverable.
6. 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km
7. Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.
8. A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).
9. A suborbital mission was conducted in 2024.
10. Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.
11. A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
12. A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016.
13. Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.

Rockets in flight testing

Vehicle	Origin	Manufacturer	Height	Maximum payload mass (kg)			Reusable / Expendable	Orbital launches including failures	Suborbital test flights	Launch site(s)	Dates of flight
				LEO	GTO	Other					First	Latest
Starship Block 1	United States	SpaceX	121 m	40,000–50,000	N/A	N/A	Reusable	0	6	Starbase	2023	2024
Angara A5 / Orion	Russia	Khrunichev	54.9 m	N/A	6,500	3,700 to GEO	Expendable	1		Plesetsk, Vostochny	2024	2024
Angara A5 / Persei	Russia	Khrunichev	54.9 m	N/A	6,500	3,700 to GEO	Expendable	1		Plesetsk, Vostochny	2021	2021
GYUB TV2	South Korea	MND	19.5 m	100	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1		Jeju sea launch platform	2023	2023
KAIROS	Japan	Space One	18 m	250	N/A	150 to SSO	Expendable	1		Spaceport Kii	2024	2024
New-type satellite carrier rocket	North Korea  Russia	NADA Khrunichev	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	1		Sohae	2024	2024
Vulcan Centaur VC2	United States	ULA	61.6 m	19,000	8,400	15,200 to polar 3,900 to MEO 2,600 to GEO 6,300 to TLI	Expendable	2		CCSFS	2024	2024

Upcoming rockets

Upcoming launch vehicles

Vehicle	Origin	Manufacturer	Height	Payload mass to ... (kg)			Reusable / Expendable	Launch Site (s)	Date of first flight
				LEO	GTO	Other
Agnibaan	India	AgniKul Cosmos	18 m	150	N/A	90 to SSO	Expendable	SDSC	2025
Angara A5 / KVTK	Russia	Khrunichev	N/A	N/A	7,500	N/A	Expendable	Plesetsk, Vostochny	2028
Angara A5M	Russia	Khrunichev	N/A	26,800	4,100-5,200	N/A	Expendable	Plesetsk, Vostochny	2027
Angara A5P	Russia	Khrunichev	N/A	18,800	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Vostochny	2028
Angara A5V	Russia	Khrunichev	N/A	37,500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Vostochny	2028
Antares 330	United States	Northrop Grumman Firefly Aerospace	47 m	10,800	N/A	N/A	Expendable	MARS	2025
Ariane 6 A64	Europe	ArianeGroup	63 m	21,650	11,500+	14,900 to SSO 5,000 to GEO 8,400 to HEO 8,500 to TLI	Expendable	CSG	2024
Aurora	Canada	Reaction Dynamics	18 m	200	N/A	TBA	Expendable	Nova Scotia	2025
Aventura 1	Argentina	TLON Space	10 m	25	N/A	N/A	N/A	Launch platform	2025
Blue Whale 1	South Korea	Perigee Aerospace	21 m	165	N/A	185 to SSO	Partially reusable	CETACEA 1 sea launch platform Esrange	2024
				195		220 to SSO	Expendable
Cosmos	Russia	SR space	18.5 m	390	N/A	310 to SSO	N/A	Vostochny, Yasny	TBA
Cyclone-4M	Ukraine	Yuzhnoye Yuzhmash	38.7 m	5,000	1,000	3,350 to SSO	Expendable	Nova Scotia	2025
Dauntless	United States	Vaya Space	35 m	1,100	N/A	600 to SSO	Expendable	CCSFS, The Spaceport Company Launch Platform	2026
Daytona I	United States	Phantom Space	18 m	180	N/A	53 to SSO	Expendable	VSFB, CCSFS, ASC	2025
Epsilon S	Japan	JAXA	27.2 m	1,400	N/A	600 to SSO	Expendable	KSC	2025
Eris Block 1	Australia	Gilmour Space Technologies	25 m	305	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Bowen	2024
Gravity-2	China	Orienspace	60 m	8,600–16,000	5,800	10,900 to SSO	Partially reusable	WSLS	2025
Hanbit-Nano	South Korea	Innospace	17 m	150	N/A	90	Expendable	CEA, Andøya, ASC	2025
Hyperbola-3	China	i-Space	69 m	8,500	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	JSLC	2025
				13,400			Expendable
H3-22L	Japan	Mitsubishi	63 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	TNSC	TBA
H3-24L	Japan	Mitsubishi	63 m	N/A	N/A	6,500 to TLI	Expendable	TNSC	2024
H3-30S	Japan	Mitsubishi	57 m	N/A	N/A	4,000 to SSO	Expendable	TNSC	TBA
Jielong 4	China	CALT	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Expendable	N/A	TBA
KSLV-III	South Korea	KARI	54 m	10,000	3,500	7,000 to SSO 1,800 to TLI	Expendable	Naro	2030
Long March 8A	China	CALT	50.3 m	N/A	N/A	6,800 to SSO	Expendable	WSLS	TBA
Long March 9	China	CALT	114 m	80,000–150,000	66,000	53,000 to TLI 40,000 to TMI	Partially/fully reusable	WSLS	2033
Long March 10	China	CALT	89–93.2 m	70,000	N/A	27,000 to TLI	Expendable	WSLS	TBA
Long March 10A	China	CALT	67 m	14,000	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	WSLS	TBA
				18,000			Expendable
Maia	France	MaiaSpace	50 m	N/A	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	CSG	2025
Miura 5	Spain	PLD Space	35.7 m	840	N/A	540 to SSO	Partially reusable	CSG	2026
MLV	United States	Firefly Aerospace	55.7 m	16,300	3,200	2,300 to TLI	Expendable	CCSFS, MARS, VSFB	2026
Nebula-1	China	Deep Blue Aerospace	N/A	1,000	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	WSLS	2024
Nebula-2	China	Deep Blue Aerospace	TBA	20,000	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	WSLS	2025
Neutron	United States  New Zealand	Rocket Lab	42.8 m	8,000–13,000	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	MARS	2025
				15,000			Expendable
New Glenn	United States	Blue Origin	98 m	45,000	13,000	N/A	Partially reusable	CCSFS VSFB	2024
NGLV LEO	India	ISRO	88 m	7,700	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	SDSC	TBA
				9,900			Partially reusable
				16,900			Expendable
NGLV GEO	India	ISRO	92 m	N/A	5,200	N/A	Partially reusable	SDSC	TBA
				25,000	8,900		Expendable
Nova	United States	Stoke Space	28.5 m	1,500	N/A	N/A	Fully reusable	CCSFS	TBA
OB-1 Mk1	France	HyPrSpace	11 m	200	N/A	N/A	Expendable	CSG	2026
Pallas-1	China	Galactic Energy	42 m	5,000	N/A	3,000 to SSO	Partially reusable	WSLS / TSLC	2024
Prime	United Kingdom	Orbex	19 m	180	N/A	100 to SSO	Expendable	Sutherland	2025
RFA One	Germany	RFA	30 m	1,600	450	1,300 to SSO	Expendable	SaxaVord, Andøya, CSG, Whalers Way	2025
Rokot-M	Russia	Khrunichev	N/A	1,950	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Plesetsk	2024
ŞİMŞEK-1	Turkey	Roketsan	N/A	400	N/A	N/A	Expendable	İğneada	2027
Siraya	Taiwan	TASA	25 m	200	N/A	N/A	Expendable	N/A	TBA
Sirius 1	France	Sirius Space	24.7 m	N/A	N/A	175 to SSO	Expendable	N/A	2025
Skyrora XL	United Kingdom	Skyrora	22.7 m	315	N/A	315 to SSO	Expendable	SaxaVord, Nova Scotia	2025
GYUB	South Korea	MND	26.8 m	500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Jeju sea launch platform	N/A
SLS Block 1B	United States	NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman	111 m	105,000	N/A	37,000 to TLI	Expendable	KSC	2028
SLS Block 2	United States	NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman	111 m	130,000	N/A	45,000 to HCO	Expendable	KSC	2033
SL1	Germany	HyImpulse	30 m	500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	SaxaVord, CSG, Whalers Way	2025
Soyuz-5 (Irtysh)	Russia	TsSKB-Progress RSC Energia	61.87 m	18,000	N/A	2,500 to GEO	Expendable	Baikonur	2025
Soyuz-7 (Amur)	Russia	JSC SRC Progress	55 m	10,500	2,600	4,700 to SSO	Partially reusable	Vostochny	2028
				13,600			Expendable
Spectrum	Germany	Isar Aerospace	28 m	1,000	N/A	700 to SSO	Expendable	CSG, Andøya	2025
Starship Block 2	United States	SpaceX	124.4 m	100,000	N/A	N/A	Fully reusable	Starbase	2025
Starship Block 3	United States	SpaceX	150 m	200,000	N/A	N/A	Fully reusable	Starbase	TBA
Terran R	United States	Relativity Space	82 m	23,500	5,500	N/A	Partially reusable	CCSFS	2026
				33,500			Expendable
Tianlong-3	China	Space Pioneer	71 m	17,000	N/A	14,000 to SSO	Partially reusable	JSLC, WSLS	2024
Tronador II-250	Argentina	CONAE	27 m	500	N/A	N/A	Expendable	BNPB	2030
Vega-E	Europe	ESA ASI	36.2 m	3,000	N/A	N/A	Expendable	CSG	2026
Vikram 1	India	Skyroot Aerospace	20 m	315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO	N/A	200 to 500 km SSPO	Expendable	SDSC	2024
Vikram 2	India	Skyroot Aerospace	N/A	520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO	N/A	410 to 500 km SSPO	Expendable	SDSC	TBA
Vikram 3	India	Skyroot Aerospace	N/A	720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO	N/A	580 to 500 km SSPO	Expendable	SDSC	TBA
Volans V500	Singapore	Equatorial Space Systems	N/A	150	N/A	N/A	Expendable	N/A	2026
Vulcan Centaur VC0	United States	ULA	61.6 m	10,800	3,500	2,300 to TLI	Expendable	VSFB, CCSFS	TBA
Vulcan Centaur VC4	United States	ULA	61.6 m	24,600	11,700	4,900 to GEO 9,200 to TLI	Expendable	VSFB, CCSFS	2024
Vulcan Centaur VC6	United States	ULA	61.6 m	27,200	14,400	6,500 to GEO 11,500 to TLI	Expendable	VSFB, CCSFS	2025
Zephyr	France	Latitude	19 m	100	N/A	80 to SSO	Expendable	SaxaVord	2025
Zero	Japan	Interstellar Technologies	32 m	800	N/A	250 to SSO	Expendable	Taiki	2025
Zhuque-3	China	LandSpace	76.6 m	12,500 (RTLS)	N/A	N/A	Partially reusable	JSLC, WSLS	2025
				18,300 (barge)			Partially reusable
				21,000			Expendable
Zuljanah	Iran	Iranian Space Agency	25.5 m	220	N/A	N/A	Expendable	Semnan	TBA

1. Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
2. provides the first stage, including engines
3. Height for uncrewed version
4. Height for crewed version
5. When first stage returned to launch site
6. When first stage returned to launch site
7. Reference altitude 500 km
8. with EUS
9. with EUS and
   advanced boosters

Retired rockets

Launch systems by country

The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.

•   Operational
•   In development
•   Retired

See also

• Comparison of orbital launchers families
• Comparison of orbital rocket engines
• Comparison of crewed space vehicles
• Comparison of retired orbital launch vehicles
• Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
• List of space launch system designs
• Reusable launch system
• List of orbital launch systems
• Lists of rockets
• List of sounding rockets
• List of upper stages
• Non-rocket spacelaunch

Notes

1. There are many different methods. Each mestylethod has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.
2. The first medieval rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Arabs, in warfare as early as the 13th century.
3. Such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne.
4. Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets for orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north–south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.

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