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Coniophis Temporal range: Turonian-Priabonian ~94–34 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Holotype vertebra of Coniophis precedens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Infraorder:	Alethinophidia
Genus:	†Coniophis Marsh, 1892
Species
Coniophis carinatus Hecht, 1959 Coniophis cosgriffi Armstrong-Ziegler, 1978 Coniophis dabiebus Rage & Werner, 1999 Coniophis platycarinatus Hecht, 1959 Coniophis precedens Marsh, 1892

Coniophis is an extinct genus of snakes from the late Cretaceous period. The type species, Coniophis precedes, was about 7 cm long and had snake-like teeth and body form, with a skull and a largely lizard-like bone structure. It probably ate small vertebrates. The fossil remains of Coniophis were first discovered at the end of the 19th century in the Lance Formation of the US state of Wyoming, and were described in 1892 by Othniel Charles Marsh. For the genus Coniophis, a number of other species have been described. Their affiliation is, however, poorly secured, mostly based on vertebrae descriptions from only a few fossils.

Fossil distribution

Fossils of Coniophis have been found in:

Cretaceous

• Milk River and Frenchman Formations, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan)
• Intertrappean Beds, India
• Wadi Milk Formation, Sudan
• United States
  • Hell Creek Formation, Montana
  • Fruitland Formation, New Mexico
  • Naturita, Cedar Mountain, Straight Cliffs, Kaiparowits and Wahweap Formations, Utah
  • Lance Formation, Wyoming

Paleocene

• Santa Lucía Formation (Tiupampan), Bolivia
• Jbel Guersif Formation, Morocco
• Fort Union Formation, Montana, United States

Eocene

• Itaboraí Formation, Brazil
• France
• Aït Ouarhitane Formation, Morocco
• United States
  • Chadron Formation, North Dakota
  • Bridger, Wagon Bed and Wasatch Formations, Wyoming

References

1. ^ Coniophis Marsh, 1892 in GBIF Secretariat (2017). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist Dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-04-06.
2. ^ "Coniophis". Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
3. ^ Marsh, O.C. (1892). "Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie formation". American Journal of Science. 43 (257): 449. Bibcode:1892AmJS...43..449M. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-43.257.449. S2CID 131291138.

Further reading

• Adriana María Albino: Las serpientes de São José de Itaboraí (Edad Itaboraiense, Paleoceno medio), Brazil. In: Ameghiniana 27, 1991. S. 337–342.
• Sebastián Apesteguía, Hussam Zaher: A Cretaceous Terrestrial Snake with Robust Hindlimbs and a Sacrum. In: Nature 440, 2006. doi:10.1038/nature04413, S. 1037–1040.
• Judy Gail Armstrong-Ziegler: An Aniliid Snake and Associated Vertebrates from the Campanian of New Mexico. In: Journal of Paleontology 52 (2), 1978. S. 480–483.
• Marc Augé, Jean-Claude Rage: Herpetofaunas from the Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene of Morocco. In: Annales de Paléontologie 92, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001, S. 235–253.
• Richard Estes: Middle Paleocene lower vertebrates from the Tongue River Formation, Southeastern Montana.In: Journal of Paleontology 50, 1976. S. 500–520.
• Richard C. Fox: Fossil Snakes from the Upper Milk River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Alberta. In: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 1975. S. 1557–1563.
• James D. Gardner, Richard L. Cifelli: A Primitive Snake from the Cretaceous of Utah. In: David M. Unwin: Cretaceous Fossil Vertebrates. Special Papers in Palaeontology 60, 1999. S. 87–100.
• Robert Hoffstetter: Squamates de Type Moderne. In: Jean Piveteau: Traité de Paléontologie. Tome V. Masson, Paris 1955. S. 606–662
• J. Alan Holman: Fossil Snakes of North America. origin, Evolution, Distribution, Paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2000. ISBN 0-253-33721-6.
• Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar, Jacques A. Gauthier: A Transitional Snake from the Late Cretaceous Period of North America. In: Nature, 2012. doi:10.1038/nature11227, S. 1–4.
• Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar, Jacques A. Gauthier: Supplementary Material. In: Nature, 2012. doi:10.1038/nature11227, S. 1–10.
• Othniel Charles Marsh: Notice of New Reptiles from the Laramie Formation. In: American Journal of Science, Series 3 43, 1892. S. 449–453.
• Paul Orman McGrew, Max K. Hecht, John M. Hummel, George Gaylord Simpson, Albert Elmer Wood: The Geology and Paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte Area, Wyoming. In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117, 1959. S. 117–176. (Volltext)
• Jean-Claude Rage: Le Gisement du Bretou (Phosphorites du Quercy, Tarn‐et‐Garonne, France) et Sa Faune de Vertebres de l'Eocene Superieur. In: Palaeontographica Abteilung A 25, 1988. S. 3–27.
• Jean-Claude Rage, C. Werner: Mid‐Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Snakes from Wadi Abu Hashim, Sudan: The Earliest Snake Assemblage. In: Palaeontologia Africana 35, 1999. S. 85–110.
• Jean-Claude Rage, Guntupalli V.R. Prasad, Sunil Bajpai: Additional Snakes from the Uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India. In: Cretaceous Research 25, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2004.02.003, S. 425–434.
• Jean-Claude Rage, Marc Augé: Squamate Reptiles from the Middle Eocene of Lissieu (France). A Landmark in the Middle Eocene of Europe. In: Geobios 42, 2010. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2009.08.002, 253–268.

v t e Extinct squamate genera
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Superorder: Lepidosauria
Iguania Acrodonta Anqingosaurus Barbaturex Bharatagama Gueragama Xianglong Agamidae Indiagama Suratagama Pleurodonta / Iguanoidea Anolbanolis Suzanniwana Uquiasaurus Xihaina Corytophanidae Aciprion? Babibasiliscus Geiseltaliellus †Gobiguania Anchaurosaurus Ctenomastax Igua Isodontosaurus Polrussia Saichangurvel Temujinia Zapsosaurus Iguanidae Afairiguana Polychrotidae Armandisaurus Lapitiguana Pariguana Pristiguana Pumilia Phrynosomatidae Desertiguana Other extinct iguanians Brasiliguana Hoyalacerta? Huehuecuetzpalli? Swainiguanoides †Arretosauridae Arretosaurus Dornosaurus Ergiliinsaurus Khaichinguana †Priscagamidae Heterodontagama Mimeosaurus Phrynosomimus Pleurodontagama? Priscagama
†Polyglyphanodontia / Borioteiioidea Chamopsiidae Chamops Gerontoseps Glyptogenys Harmodontosaurus Haptosphenus Leptochamops Meniscognathus Pelsochamops Socognathus Stypodontosaurus Trippenaculus Gilmoreteiidae / "macrocephalosaurines" Gilmoreteius Kuwajimalla Yechilacerta "Polyglyphanodontines" Bicuspidon Cherminsaurus Darchansaurus Distortodon Erdenetesaurus Polyglyphanodon Sineoamphisbaena? Other polyglyphanodontians Adamisaurus Funiusaurus Gobinatus Obamadon Olindalacerta? Paleochelco? Peneteius Tchingisaurus Tianyusaurus Tijubina? Tripennaculus
Stem Scincogekkonomorpha Scincogekkonomorpha Ardeosaurus? Bavarisaurus? Eichstaettisaurus? Jucaraseps Liushusaurus? Pedrerasaurus Scandensia? Yabeinosaurus? Scleroglossa Gekkonomorpha Norellius Gekkota Cadurcogekko Cretaceogekko Gobekko Hoburogekko Yanatarogecko Stem Autarchoglossa (Evansauria) Parmeosaurus Tepexisaurus Tijubina? †Bainguidae? Bainguis? Eoxanta Globaura Myrmecodaptria
Scincomorpha Cordyloidea Eocordyla Ornatocephalus Sakurasaurus Lacertoidea Cnodontosaurus Paracontogenys Purbicella †Polyglyphanodontia? Amphisbaenia Oligodontosaurus Todrasaurus Amphisbaenidae Listromycter Lophocranion Bipedidae Anniealexandria Blanidae Blanosaurus Cuvieribaena Louisamphisbaena †Chthonophidae Chthonophis Rhineuridae Archaerhineura Dyticonastis Hadrorhineura Hyporhina Jepsibaena Macrorhineura Ototriton Plesiorhineura Protorhineura Spathorhynchus †Polyodontobaenidae Polyodontobaena †Contogeniidae Contogenys Palaeoscincosaurus Utahgenys Lacertidae Amblyolacerta Camptognathosaurus? Dormaalisaurus Dracaenosaurus Escampcerta Gracilicerta Ligerosaurus Maioricalacerta Mediolacerta Plesiolacerta Pseudeumeces Pseudolacerta Quercycerta Teiidae Brevisaurus? Meyasaurus? Ptilotodon †Barbatteiidae Barbatteius Oardasaurus Xantusiidae Catactegenys Palepidophyma Palaeoxantusia Scincoidea Retinosaurus Scincoideus Slavoia Scincidae Axonoscincus Orthoscincus Pyrenasaurus? Other scincomorphs Apsgnathus Calanguban Chromatogenys Dakotaseps Kleskunsaurus Lonchisaurus Monocnemodon Pachygenys Saurillodon Saurillus Sciroseps Webbsaurus †Paramacellodidae Atokasaurus? Becklesius Mimobecklesisaurus Paramacellodus Parasaurillus? Pseudosaurillus? Sharovisaurus
Anguimorpha Basal anguimorphs Chometokadmon Eolacerta Paramacellodus Paravaranus? Yabeinosaurus? †Mosasauroidea? †Aigialosauridae †Mosasauridae Neoanguimorpha Carusioidea Carusia Xenosauridae Entomophontes Exostinus Restes Anguidae Odaxosaurus Anguinae Headonhillia Helvetisaurus Ophisauriscus Ragesaurus Diploglossinae Apodosauriscus Eodiploglossus Gerrhonotinae Paragerrhonotus Parophisaurus †Glyptosaurinae Arpadosaurus Melanosaurus Gaultia Glyptosaurus Helodermoides Odaxosaurus Paraglyptosaurus Paraplacosauriops Peltosaurus Placosaurus Proglyptosaurus Proxestops Xestops Paleoanguimorpha Basal varanoids / platynotans Aiolosaurus Colpodontosaurus Dorsetisaurus Eosaniwa Palaeovaranus Parasaniwa Parviderma Proplatynotia Saniwides Telmasaurus Shinisauria? Bahndwivici Dalinghosaurus Merkurosaurus Provaranosaurus Goannasauria Basal Goannasaurians Asprosaurus Chianghsia Estesia Eurheloderma Gobiderma Lowesaurus Morohasaurus Palaeosaniwa Paraderma Primaderma Varanoidea Lanthanotidae Cherminotus Varanidae Ovoo Saniwa Archaeovaranus Other platynotans / varanoids Arcanosaurus? Cemeterius Dryadissector
Ophidia Coniophis Diablophis Dinilysia? Eophis Lapparentophis Najash? Parviraptor Portugalophis Tetrapodophis See Serpentes (snakes)
Indeterminate squamates Costasaurus Lamiasaura Oculudentavis? Schillerosaurus

• Cretaceous snakes
• Eocene snakes
• Turonian genus first appearances
• Priabonian extinctions
• Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
• Late Cretaceous reptiles of Africa
• Late Cretaceous reptiles of Asia
• Fossils of India
• Late Cretaceous reptiles of North America
• Cretaceous Canada
• Cretaceous United States
• Fossils of Canada
• Fossils of the United States
• Eocene reptiles of Africa
• Fossils of Morocco
• Eocene reptiles of Europe
• Eocene France
• Fossils of France
• Paleocene reptiles of North America
• Paleogene United States
• Paleocene reptiles of South America
• Paleocene Bolivia
• Fossils of Bolivia
• Tiupampan
• Eocene Brazil
• Fossils of Brazil
• Itaboraian
• Fossil taxa described in 1892
• Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
• Paleocene reptiles of Africa
• Eocene reptiles of North America
• Eocene reptiles of South America
• Paleocene snakes
• Cretaceous India
• Cretaceous Sudan