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Yabeinosaurus Temporal range: Early Cretaceous Barremian–Aptian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of Yabeinosaurus, Beijing Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Informal group:	Scleroglossa (?)
Genus:	†Yabeinosaurus Endo and Shikama, 1942
Type species
†Yabeinosaurus tenuis (nomen dubium) Endo and Shikama, 1942
Species
†Yabeinosaurus bicuspidens Dong et al., 2017 †Yabeinosaurus robustus Dong et al., 2017

Yabeinosaurus is an extinct genus of lizard from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of northeastern China. The type species Yabeinosaurus tenuis is known from many well-preserved skeletons belonging to both juvenile and adult individuals. For about 60 years Yabeinosaurus was known only from juvenile specimens, leading scientists to believe that it was a small lizard with weakly developed bones. Because of this, it was thought to be closely related to geckos. Larger specimens can be up to 35 centimetres (14 in) snout‐vent length.

long were first described in 2005, showing that Yabeinosaurus was a relatively large lizard when fully grown. Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that Yabeinosaurus is not closely related to geckos but rather a very basal ("primitive") lizard close to the split between Iguania and Scleroglossa, one of the earliest divergences in the evolutionary history of lizards. Whether or not it lies outside this split or within Scleroglossa is uncertain.

In 2011 a fossil of Yabeinosaurus was discovered with 15 well-developed embryos inside it, making it the oldest fossil of a pregnant, viviparous (live-bearing) lizard yet discovered.

References

1. R. Endo and R. Shikama. 1942. Mesozoic reptilian fauna in the Jehol mountainland, Manchoukuo. Bulletin of the Central National Museum of Manchoukou 3:1-20
2. ^ Dong, Liping; Wang, Yuan; Evans, Susan E. (2017). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, with a taxonomic revision of Yabeinosaurus". Cretaceous Research. 72: 161–171. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.12.017. ISSN 0195-6671.
3. Evans, Susan E.; Wang, Yuan (2012-04-01). "New material of the Early Cretaceous lizard Yabeinosaurus from China". Cretaceous Research. 34: 48–60. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.10.004. ISSN 0195-6671.
4. Evans, S. E.; Wang, Y.; Li, C. (2005). "The early Cretaceous lizard genusYabeinosaurusfrom China: Resolving an enigma". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 3 (4): 319. doi:10.1017/S1477201905001641. S2CID 86410052.
5. Wang, Y.; Evans, S. E. (2011). "A gravid lizard from the Cretaceous of China and the early history of squamate viviparity". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (9): 739–743. Bibcode:2011NW.....98..739W. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0820-1. PMID 21766177. S2CID 8017857.
6. Fossil 'is first pregnant lizard', BBC Nature, 21 July 2011

v t e Extinct squamate genera
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Superorder: Lepidosauria
Iguania Acrodonta Anqingosaurus Barbaturex Bharatagama Gueragama Xianglong Agamidae Indiagama Suratagama Pleurodonta / Iguanoidea Anolbanolis Suzanniwana Uquiasaurus Xihaina Corytophanidae Aciprion? Babibasiliscus Geiseltaliellus †Gobiguania Anchaurosaurus Ctenomastax Igua Isodontosaurus Polrussia Saichangurvel Temujinia Zapsosaurus Iguanidae Afairiguana Polychrotidae Armandisaurus Lapitiguana Pariguana Pristiguana Pumilia Phrynosomatidae Desertiguana Other extinct iguanians Brasiliguana Hoyalacerta? Huehuecuetzpalli? Swainiguanoides †Arretosauridae Arretosaurus Dornosaurus Ergiliinsaurus Khaichinguana †Priscagamidae Heterodontagama Mimeosaurus Phrynosomimus Pleurodontagama? Priscagama
†Polyglyphanodontia / Borioteiioidea Chamopsiidae Chamops Gerontoseps Glyptogenys Harmodontosaurus Haptosphenus Leptochamops Meniscognathus Pelsochamops Socognathus Stypodontosaurus Trippenaculus Gilmoreteiidae / "macrocephalosaurines" Gilmoreteius Kuwajimalla Yechilacerta "Polyglyphanodontines" Bicuspidon Cherminsaurus Darchansaurus Distortodon Erdenetesaurus Polyglyphanodon Sineoamphisbaena? Other polyglyphanodontians Adamisaurus Funiusaurus Gobinatus Obamadon Olindalacerta? Paleochelco? Peneteius Tchingisaurus Tianyusaurus Tijubina? Tripennaculus
Stem Scincogekkonomorpha Scincogekkonomorpha Ardeosaurus? Bavarisaurus? Eichstaettisaurus? Jucaraseps Liushusaurus? Pedrerasaurus Scandensia? Yabeinosaurus? Scleroglossa Gekkonomorpha Norellius Gekkota Cadurcogekko Cretaceogekko Gobekko Hoburogekko Yanatarogecko Stem Autarchoglossa (Evansauria) Parmeosaurus Tepexisaurus Tijubina? †Bainguidae? Bainguis? Eoxanta Globaura Myrmecodaptria
Scincomorpha Cordyloidea Eocordyla Ornatocephalus Sakurasaurus Lacertoidea Cnodontosaurus Paracontogenys Purbicella †Polyglyphanodontia? Amphisbaenia Oligodontosaurus Todrasaurus Amphisbaenidae Listromycter Lophocranion Bipedidae Anniealexandria Blanidae Blanosaurus Cuvieribaena Louisamphisbaena †Chthonophidae Chthonophis Rhineuridae Archaerhineura Dyticonastis Hadrorhineura Hyporhina Jepsibaena Macrorhineura Ototriton Plesiorhineura Protorhineura Spathorhynchus †Polyodontobaenidae Polyodontobaena †Contogeniidae Contogenys Palaeoscincosaurus Utahgenys Lacertidae Amblyolacerta Camptognathosaurus? Dormaalisaurus Dracaenosaurus Escampcerta Gracilicerta Ligerosaurus Maioricalacerta Mediolacerta Plesiolacerta Pseudeumeces Pseudolacerta Quercycerta Teiidae Brevisaurus? Meyasaurus? Ptilotodon †Barbatteiidae Barbatteius Oardasaurus Xantusiidae Catactegenys Palepidophyma Palaeoxantusia Scincoidea Retinosaurus Scincoideus Slavoia Scincidae Axonoscincus Orthoscincus Pyrenasaurus? Other scincomorphs Apsgnathus Calanguban Chromatogenys Dakotaseps Kleskunsaurus Lonchisaurus Monocnemodon Pachygenys Saurillodon Saurillus Sciroseps Webbsaurus †Paramacellodidae Atokasaurus? Becklesius Mimobecklesisaurus Paramacellodus Parasaurillus? Pseudosaurillus? Sharovisaurus
Anguimorpha Basal anguimorphs Chometokadmon Eolacerta Paramacellodus Paravaranus? Yabeinosaurus? †Mosasauroidea? †Aigialosauridae †Mosasauridae Neoanguimorpha Carusioidea Carusia Xenosauridae Entomophontes Exostinus Restes Anguidae Odaxosaurus Anguinae Headonhillia Helvetisaurus Ophisauriscus Ragesaurus Diploglossinae Apodosauriscus Eodiploglossus Gerrhonotinae Paragerrhonotus Parophisaurus †Glyptosaurinae Arpadosaurus Melanosaurus Gaultia Glyptosaurus Helodermoides Odaxosaurus Paraglyptosaurus Paraplacosauriops Peltosaurus Placosaurus Proglyptosaurus Proxestops Xestops Paleoanguimorpha Basal varanoids / platynotans Aiolosaurus Colpodontosaurus Dorsetisaurus Eosaniwa Palaeovaranus Parasaniwa Parviderma Proplatynotia Saniwides Telmasaurus Shinisauria? Bahndwivici Dalinghosaurus Merkurosaurus Provaranosaurus Goannasauria Basal Goannasaurians Asprosaurus Chianghsia Estesia Eurheloderma Gobiderma Lowesaurus Morohasaurus Palaeosaniwa Paraderma Primaderma Varanoidea Lanthanotidae Cherminotus Varanidae Ovoo Saniwa Archaeovaranus Other platynotans / varanoids Arcanosaurus? Cemeterius Dryadissector
Ophidia Coniophis Diablophis Dinilysia? Eophis Lapparentophis Najash? Parviraptor Portugalophis Tetrapodophis See Serpentes (snakes)
Indeterminate squamates Costasaurus Lamiasaura Oculudentavis? Schillerosaurus

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