GNB2 - Misplaced Pages

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

GNB2

Identifiers

GNB2, G protein subunit beta 2, SSS4, SSS4; NEDHYDF, HG2C1

External IDs

OMIM: 139390; MGI: 95784; HomoloGene: 68451; GeneCards: GNB2; OMA:GNB2 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)

Band	7q22.1	Start	100,673,567 bp
Band	7q22.1	End	100,679,174 bp

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

ventricular zone

anterior pituitary

granulocyte

stromal cell of endometrium

skin of leg

ganglionic eminence

right uterine tube

olfactory zone of nasal mucosa

skin of abdomen

ectocervix

n/a

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein-containing complex binding calcium channel regulator activity signal transducer activity protein binding GTPase activity GTPase binding
Cellular component	cytoplasm cell body vesicle membrane focal adhesion myelin sheath plasma membrane lysosomal membrane perinuclear region of cytoplasm extracellular exosome cytosol extracellular space protein-containing complex
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to glucagon stimulus signal transduction protein folding regulation of molecular function
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


2783


14693

Ensembl


ENSG00000172354


n/a

UniProt


P62879


P62880

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_005273


NM_010312

RefSeq (protein)


NP_005264


NP_034442

Location (UCSC)

Chr 7: 100.67 – 100.68 Mb

n/a

PubMed search

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene.

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes.

This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR.

References

^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172354 – Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Glockner G, Scherer S, Schattevoy R, Boright A, Weber J, Tsui LC, Rosenthal A (Dec 1998). "Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes". Genome Res. 8 (10): 1060–73. doi:10.1101/gr.8.10.1060. PMC 310788. PMID 9799793.
^ "Entrez Gene: GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2".

Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton LM (1991). "Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (21): 9628–32. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.9628L. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628. PMC 52771. PMID 1946378.
Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, et al. (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.7642B. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642. PMC 282248. PMID 2902634.
Fong HK, Amatruda TT, Birren BW, Simon MI (1987). "Distinct forms of the beta subunit of GTP-binding regulatory proteins identified by molecular cloning". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (11): 3792–6. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.3792F. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3792. PMC 304962. PMID 3108879.
Gao B, Gilman AG, Robishaw JD (1987). "A second form of the beta subunit of signal-transducing G proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (17): 6122–5. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.6122G. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6122. PMC 299020. PMID 3114742.
Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 19828–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828. PMID 7649993.
Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T, et al. (1995). "A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (24): 14251–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251. PMID 7782277.
Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E, et al. (1994). "G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4388–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41792-3. PMID 8308009.
Liang JJ, Cockett M, Khawaja XZ (1998). "Immunohistochemical localization of G protein beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5, and gamma3 subunits in the adult rat brain". J. Neurochem. 71 (1): 345–55. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010345.x. PMID 9648884. S2CID 83954980.
Kleiderlein JJ, Nisson PE, Jessee J, et al. (1999). "CCG repeats in cDNAs from human brain". Hum. Genet. 103 (6): 666–73. doi:10.1007/s004390050889. PMID 9921901. S2CID 23696667.
Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, et al. (2001). "Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (10): 1758–65. doi:10.1101/gr.180101. PMC 311163. PMID 11591653.
Blake BL, Wing MR, Zhou JY, et al. (2002). "G beta association and effector interaction selectivities of the divergent G gamma subunit G gamma(13)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106565200. PMID 11675383.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.

v t e PDB gallery
1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN 1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA 1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND 1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS 1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND 1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits 1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN 1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer 2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits 2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX

PDB gallery

1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits
2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A
cGMP:	Transducin Gustducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G
G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16
G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2
G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1
Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK
Serine/threonine/tyrosine	Dual-specificity kinase DYRK1A DYRK1B DYRK2 DYRK3 DYRK4
Arginine	Arginine kinase McsB

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2
Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

This article on a gene on human chromosome 7 is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

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References

Further reading