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Heimdallarchaeota (also Heimallarchaeota) is a group of archaea that in turn forms a distinct group within the superphylum Asgard. Named after the mythical Norse god, Heimdall, one of the sons of Odin, it consist of several archaea that are considered as the closest relatives of eukaryotic organism (protists, fungi, plants and animals). The first specimens were discovered from the marine sediments at Loki's Castle (hydrothermal vents in the mid-Atlantic Ocean) and Bay of Aarhus (a waterway in Denmark), and some other species from Auka hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. Proposed as a phylum, it consists of a class Heimdallarchaeia, that contains at least three orders and three genera. Discovered by a team of microbiologists at the Uppsala University, Sweden, led by Thijs Johannes Gerardus Ettema, and reported in 2017, Heimdallarchaeota is the group of archea to which eukaryotes are most closely related, or more specifically, from where the common ancestor of all eukaryotes emerged.

References

1. ^ Spang, Anja; Stairs, Courtney W.; Dombrowski, Nina; Eme, Laura; Lombard, Jonathan; Caceres, Eva F.; Greening, Chris; Baker, Brett J.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (2019). "Proposal of the reverse flow model for the origin of the eukaryotic cell based on comparative analyses of Asgard archaeal metabolism". Nature Microbiology. 4 (7): 1138–1148. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0406-9. ISSN 2058-5276. PMID 30936488.
2. Albers, Sonja; Ashmore, Jonathan; Pollard, Thomas; Spang, Anja; Zhou, Jizhong (2022). "Origin of eukaryotes: What can be learned from the first successfully isolated Asgard archaeon". Faculty Reviews. 11: 3. doi:10.12703/r-01-000005. ISSN 2732-432X. PMC 8815363. PMID 35174363.
3. ^ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; Bäckström, Disa; Juzokaite, Lina; Vancaester, Emmelien; Seitz, Kiley W.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Starnawski, Piotr; Kjeldsen, Kasper U.; Stott, Matthew B.; Nunoura, Takuro; Banfield, Jillian F.; Schramm, Andreas; Baker, Brett J. (2017-01-19). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. 541 (7637): 353–358. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..353Z. doi:10.1038/nature21031. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 28077874. S2CID 4458094.
4. Wu, Fabai; Speth, Daan R.; Philosof, Alon; Crémière, Antoine; Narayanan, Aditi; Barco, Roman A.; Connon, Stephanie A.; Amend, Jan P.; et al. (2022). "Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote-eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes". Nature Microbiology. 7 (2): 200–212. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01039-y. ISSN 2058-5276. PMC 8813620. PMID 35027677.
5. "Researchers discover 'marvel microbes' explaining how cells became complex". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2024-09-13.

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