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Methanosarcinales
Methanosarcina barkeri MS
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Methanomicrobia
Order:	Methanosarcinales Boone et al. 2002
Families
Methanosarcinaceae Methanotrichaceae Methermicoccaceae
Synonyms
Methanotrichales Akinyemi et al. 2021

Methanosarcinales is an order of Archaea in the class Methanomicrobia, phylum Methanobacteriota. The order Methanosarcinales contains both methanogenic and methanotrophic lineages, although the latter have so far no pure culture representatives. Methanotrophic lineages of the order Methanosarcinales were initially abbreviated as ANME (anaerobic methanotrophs) to distinguich from aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. Currently, those lineages receive their own names such as Ca. Methanoperedens, Ca. Methanocomedens (ANME-2a), Ca.Methanomarinus (ANME-2b), Ca. Methanogaster (ANME-2c), Ca. Methanovorans (ANME-3). The order contains archaeon with one of the largest genome, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, genome size 5,75 Mbp.

The organisms placed within the order can be found in freshwater, saltwater, salt-rich sediments, anaerobic digestors, and animal digestive systems. The order consist of mesophiles or moderately thermophillic, neutrophilic or alkaliphilic species with some able to grow at high salt concentrations (genera Methanohalobium , Methanohalophilus , and Methanosalsum). Most of the species in the order were isolated or detected in marine and freshawater sediments, soil with only a few specialized lineages adapted to the digestive tract of animals - genera Methanimicrococcus, Methanolapillus, and Ca. Methanofrustulum that can be found in termites/cockroaches, millipedes, and ruminants, respectively.

Most cells have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan and pseudomurein with notable presence of methanochondroitin in Methanosarcina genus. As all other methanogens, Methanosarcinales representatives are strictly anaerobic and utilize methanogenesis pathway as the only path for ATP production. However, besides common among other methanogens substrates H₂/CO₂, Methanosarcinales characterized by the ability to utilize acetate (aceticlastic methanogenesis), methylated compounds such as methanol or methnylamines (methylotrophic methanogenesis), or even methoxyalted aromatic compounds (methoxydotrophic methanogenesis).

Phylogeny

The order Methanosarcinales contains the following families (genera comprising each family listed below corresponding family):

Methanosarcinaceae Balch and Wolfe 1981

• Methanimicrococcus corrig. Sprenger et al. 2000
• Methanococcoides Sowers and Ferry 1985
• Methanohalobium Zhilina and Zavarzin 1988
• Methanohalophilus Paterek and Smith 1988
• Methanolobus König and Stetter 1983
• Methanomethylovorans Lomans et al. 2004
• Methanosalsum Boone and Baker 2002
• Methanosarcina Kluyver and van Niel 1936

Methanotrichaceae Akinyemi et al. 2021

• Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983

Methermicoccaceae Cheng et al. 2007

• Methermicoccus Cheng et al. 2007

See also

• List of Archaea genera

References

1. "Order: Methanosarcinales". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
2. Chadwick, Grayson L.; Skennerton, Connor T.; Laso-Pérez, Rafael; Leu, Andy O.; Speth, Daan R.; Yu, Hang; Morgan-Lang, Connor; Hatzenpichler, Roland; Goudeau, Danielle; Malmstrom, Rex; Brazelton, William J.; Woyke, Tanja; Hallam, Steven J.; Tyson, Gene W.; Wegener, Gunter (2022-01-05). "Comparative genomics reveals electron transfer and syntrophic mechanisms differentiating methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea". PLOS Biology. 20 (1): e3001508. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001508. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 9012536. PMID 34986141.
3. Wegener, Gunter; Laso-Pérez, Rafael; Orphan, Victoria J.; Boetius, Antje (2022-09-08). "Anaerobic Degradation of Alkanes by Marine Archaea". Annual Review of Microbiology. 76 (1): 553–577. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-111021-045911. hdl:10261/351814. ISSN 0066-4227.
4. Saini, Jasleen; Deere, Thomas M.; Chanderban, Melissa; McIntosh, Gary J.; Lessner, Daniel J. (March 2023). "Methanosarcina acetivorans". Trends in Microbiology. 31 (3): 320–321. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.001. PMID 36280520.
5. Oren, Aharon (2014-08-08). "Taxonomy of halophilic Archaea: current status and future challenges". Extremophiles. 18 (5): 825–834. doi:10.1007/s00792-014-0654-9. ISSN 1431-0651. PMID 25102811.
6. Oren, Aharon (2014), "The Family Methanosarcinaceae", The Prokaryotes, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 259–281, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_408, ISBN 978-3-642-38953-5, retrieved 2024-09-07
7. Protasov, Evgenii; Reeh, Hanna; Liu, Pengfei; Poehlein, Anja; Platt, Katja; Heimerl, Thomas; Hervé, Vincent; Daniel, Rolf; Brune, Andreas (2024-08-06). "Genome reduction in novel, obligately methyl-reducing Methanosarcinales isolated from arthropod guts (Methanolapillus gen. nov. and Methanimicrococcus)". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 100 (9). doi:10.1093/femsec/fiae111. ISSN 1574-6941. PMC 11362671. PMID 39108084.
8. Thomas, Courtney M.; Desmond-Le Quéméner, Elie; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Borrel, Guillaume (2022-06-10). "Factors shaping the abundance and diversity of the gut archaeome across the animal kingdom". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 3358. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.3358T. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31038-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9187648. PMID 35688919.
9. Klingl, Andreas (2014-11-25). "S-layer and cytoplasmic membrane â€" exceptions from the typical archaeal cell wall with a focus on double membranes". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 624. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00624. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4243693. PMID 25505452.
10. Mand, Thomas D.; Metcalf, William W. (2019-11-20). "Energy Conservation and Hydrogenase Function in Methanogenic Archaea, in Particular the GenusMethanosarcina". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 83 (4). doi:10.1128/mmbr.00020-19. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 6759668. PMID 31533962.
11. Kurth, Julia M.; Op den Camp, Huub J. M.; Welte, Cornelia U. (2020-06-15). "Several ways one goal—methanogenesis from unconventional substrates". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 104 (16): 6839–6854. doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10724-7. ISSN 0175-7598. PMC 7374477. PMID 32542472.
12. "The LTP". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
13. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
14. "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
15. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
16. "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
17. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Cavalier-Smith, T (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
• Cavalier-Smith, T (1986). "The kingdoms of organisms". Nature. 324 (6096): 416–417. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..416C. doi:10.1038/324416a0. PMID 2431320. S2CID 5242667.

Scientific books

• Boone DR; Whitman WB; Koga Y (2001). "Order III. Methanosarcinales ord. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Grant WD; Kamekura M; McGenity TJ; Ventosa A (2001). "Class III. Halobacteria class. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Garrity GM; Bell JA; Lilburn TG (2004). "Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes". Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, release 4.0 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/bergeysoutline200310 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) Version 5.0.

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