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Methanobacteria
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Methanobacteria Boone 2002
Orders
Methanobacteriales "Tepidaquacellales"
Synonyms
Archaeobacteria Archaeobacteria Murray 1988 "Methanobacteriia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016

Methanobacteria is a class of archaeans in the kingdom Euryarchaeota. Several of the classes of the Euryarchaeota are methanogens and the Methanobacteria are one of these classes.

Applications

Methanobacteria can be used in biomass conversion as well as energy production through Anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Microbial community is used in Anaerobic digestion (AD) to convert organic wastes into clean energy by reducing chemical and biological oxygen demand in the wastes. Solid-state anaerobic digestion, which contains six genera of methanogens including Methanobacteria, can ferment rice straw and then produce methane. Since conventional treatment is burning rice straw in field, applying Methanobacteria to waste disposal process can reduce the air pollution caused by straw burning and also alleviate energy shortage problem, especially in rural areas. During biomethanation process, insoluble organic material and higher molecular mass compounds will first be transformed into simple carbon compounds. These break-down products will then be fermented to acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Eventually, the acetic acids can be fermented by different methanogenic bacteria to produce methane.

The product of Methanobacteria in human body can be used to test diseases. Methane in breath is produced by anaerobic methanobacteria in human colon as a metabolic end product. The status of Methanobacteria product detected in breath tests can be used to evaluate patients' particular gastrointestinal disorders. It is shown that the proportion of breath methane excreters among patients with colorectal cancer is much higher than that of normal people. However, methane breath status might be influenced by variable factors existing in diagnostic procedures, limiting the usage of breath methane test in cancer diagnosis.

See also

• List of Archaea genera

References

1. See the NCBI webpage on Methanobacteria. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
2. Chen, Ye; Cheng, Jay J.; Creamer, Kurt S. (July 2008). "Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review". Bioresource Technology. 99 (10): 4044–4064. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057. PMID 17399981.
3. Yan, Zhiying; Song, Zilin (February 2015). "The effects of initial substrate concentration, C/N ratio, and temperature on solid-state anaerobic digestion from composting rice straw". Bioresource Technology. 177: 266–273. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.089. PMID 25496947.
4. Santosg, Yadvika; Sreekrishnan, T.R.; Kohli, Sangeeta; Rana, Vineet (October 2004). "Enhancement of biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques–a review". Bioresource Technology. 95 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.010. PMID 15207286.
5. GA, Weaver; JA, Krause; TL, Miller; MJ, Wolin (1986). "Incidence of methanogenic bacteria in a sigmoidoscopy population: an association of methanogenic bacteria and diverticulosis". Gut. 27 (6): 698–704. doi:10.1136/gut.27.6.698. PMC 1433329. PMID 3721294.
6. Abdelshaheed, NN (1997). "Biochemical tests in diseases of the intestinal tract: their contributions to diagnosis, management, and understanding the pathophysiology of specific disease states". Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 152 (2): 137–141. doi:10.3109/10408369709049587. PMID 9143817.

Further reading

Brusa, T.; Conca, R.; Ferrara, A.; Ferrari, A.; Pecchioni, A. (December 14, 2005). "The presence of methanobacteria in human subgingivai piaque". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 14 (8): 470–471. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb02254.x. PMID 3308971.

Scientific journals

• Cavalier-Smith, T (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
• Woese, CR; Kandler O; Wheelis ML (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87 (12): 4576–4579. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.

Scientific books

• Boone, DR (2001). "Class I. Methanobacteria class. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Garrity GM; Holt JG (2001). "Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Murray, RGE (1983). "The higher taxa, or, a place for everything...". In NR Krieg; JG Holt (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 1 (1st ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. p. 169.

External links

• Archaea classes
• Euryarchaeota