Misplaced Pages

Kota language (India)

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Dravidian language of India Not to be confused with Kota language (Gabon) or Kota language (Central African Republic).
Kota
Kō mānt
கோத்தர்
Native toIndia
RegionNilgiri Hills
EthnicityKotas
Native speakers930 (2001 census)
Language familyDravidian
Writing systemTamil script
Language codes
ISO 639-3kfe
Glottologkota1263
ELPKota (India)

Kota is a language of the Dravidian family with about 900 native speakers in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is spoken mainly by the tribal Kota people (India). In the late 1800s, the native speaking population was about 1,100. In 1990, the population was only 930, out of an ethnic population of perhaps 1,400, despite the great increase in the population of the area. The language is 'critically endangered' due to the greater social status of neighbouring languages. The Kota language may have originated from Tamil-Kannada and is closely related to Toda language. The Kota population is about 2500. The origin of the name Kota is derived from the Dravidian root word 'Ko' meaning Mountain. Traditionally Kota and Toda are seen as from a single branch Toda-Kota which separated from Tamil-Kota but recently Krishnamurti considers it to have diverged first from Tamil-Kota and later Toda as it doesn't have the centralized vowels characterized for Tamil-Toda.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
High i u
Mid e o
Low a

Kota notably doesn't have central vowels like the other Nilgiri languages, Toda, the closest language also has it.

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Post-alv./
Palatal
Velar
Nasal m ɳ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t ʈ t͡ʃ k
voiced b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative s
Tap ɾ ɽ
Approx. central ʋ j
lateral l ɭ

and occur in free variation with /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/. occurs as an allophone of /s/ before retroflexes.

References

  1. ^ Kota at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. London: Trübner & Company
  3. Prema, S. n.d. "Status of Dravidian Tribal Languages in Kerala" University of Kerala
  4. Raju, Jamuna (30 June 2012). "The Kota Tribes of Nilgiris". Breeks Chatter. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  5. Narasimhacharya, R. (1990). History of Kannada Language. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. p. 37. ISBN 9788120605596.
  6. Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). The Dravidian languages (null ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-511-06037-3.

Further reading

External links

Dravidian languages
South
Tamil–Kannada
Kannada
- Badaga
Kannadoid
Toda-Kota
  • Toda
  • Kota
  • Kodagu
    Irula
    Tamil -
    Malayalam
    Tamiloid
    Malayalamoid
    Tulu-Koraga
    Others
    South-Central
    Teluguic
    Gondi-Kui
    Gondi
    Konda-Kui
    Central
    Kolami-Naiki
    Parji–Gadaba
    North
    Kurukh-Malto
    Proto-languages
    Italics indicate extinct languages (no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant)
    Languages of Tamil Nadu
    Main languages
    Tribal languages
    Other languages and creoles
    Related topics
    Languages of Kerala
    Non-tribal languages
    Tribal languages
    Other languages and creoles
    Related topics
    Categories: