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The sponges of Venezuela are a part of the Porifera fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela).
A number of species of sponges are found in the wild in Venezuela.
This is a partial list of the marine and freshwater sponges of Venezuela. The families are listed alphabetically within the classes.
Statistics
Environment | Nº of Families | Nº of Genera | Nº of Species |
---|---|---|---|
Marine species | 39 | 54 | 100 |
Freshwater species | 3 | 10 | 17 |
Total | 42 | 64 | 117 |
Marine sponges
Family Acarnidae
Family Adociidae
- Sigmadocia caerulea Hechtel 1965
Family Aplysinidae
- Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
- Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001
- Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
- Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)
- Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)
- Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Family Callyspongiidae
- Callyspongia arcesiosa Laubenfels, 1936
- Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Family Chalinidae
- Chalinula molitba (Laubenfels, 1949)
Family Chondrillidae
- Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007
- Chondrilla nucula Smithdt 1862
Family Clionidae
- Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973
- Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Family Coelosphaeridae
Family Crambeidae
- Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Family Darwinellidae
- Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowski, 1878)
- Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967
- Darwinella rosacea Hechtel, 1965
Family Desmacididae
- Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Family Desmacidonidae
- Liosina monticulosa (Verrill, 1907)
Family Dysidea
- Dysidea etheria Laubenfels, 1936
Family Dictyonellidae
- Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977)
Family Dysideidae
- Dysidea etheria Laubenfels, 1936
Family Geodiidae
- Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815
- Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965
Family Grantiidae
- Leucandra aspera (Schmidt, 1862)
Family Halichondriidae
- Anthosigmella varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
- Halichondria magniculosa Hechtel
- Halichondria melanadocia Laubenfels, 1936
- Topsentia ophiraphidites (Laubenfels, 1934)
Family Halicloniidae
- Haliclona caerulea (Hechtel, 1965)
- Haliclona crassiloba Laubenfels, 1950
- Haliclona curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980)
- Haliclona doria Laubenfels, 1936
- Haliclona implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965)
- Haliclona magnifica de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991
- Haliclona manglaris Alcolado, 1984
- Haliclona permollis (Bowerbank, 1866)
- Haliclona picadaerensis
- Haliclona tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919)
- Haliclona twincayensis de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991
- Haliclona viridis (Keller, 1889)
- Niphastes variabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Family Halisarcidae
Family Heteroxyidae
- Myrmekioderma rea (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Family Hymedesmiidae
- Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Family Iotrochotidae
- Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Family Irciniidae
- Irsinia fasciculata (Pallas, 1766)
- Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
- Irsinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Family Microcionidae
- Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984
- Clathria ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936)
- Clathria venosa Hooper, 1996
- Clathria microchela (Stephens, 1916)
- Clathria schoenus (Laubenfels, 1936)
- Clathria venosa (Alcolado, 1984)
- Microciona
- Pandaros acanthifolium Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Family Mycalidae
- Ulosa hispida Hechtel, 1965
- Mycale americana van Soest, 1984
- Mycale angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
- Mycale carmigropila Hajdu & Rützler, 1998
- Mycale citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998
- Mycale laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
- Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984
- Mycale microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927
Family Niphatidae
- Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
- Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
- Gelliodes ramosa Kieschnick, 1898
- Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)
- Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Family Ophlitaspongiidae
- Biemna caribea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986
- Biemna microstyla Laubenfels, 1950
- Desmacella jania Verrill, 1907
- Desmacella meliorata Wiedenmayer, 1977
Family Petrosiidae
- Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)
Family Phloeodictyidae
- Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919)
Family Placospongiidae
- Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888
Family Spirastrellidae
Family Spongiidae
- Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877
- Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759
- Spongia tubulifera Lamarck, 1814
- Spongia zimocca Schmidt, 1862
Family Suberitidae
- Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Álvarez & van Soest, 1987)
- Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
- Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
- Terpios zeteki Laubenfels 1936
- Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993
Family Sycettidae
Family Tethyidae
- Tethya actinia de Laubenfels, 1950
- Tethya seychellensis (Wright, 1881)
Family Tedaniide
- Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864)
- Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882)
Family Tetillidae
- Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929)
- Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929)
- Cinachyrella tarentina (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983)
Family Thorectidae
- Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
- Hyrtios violaceus (Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864)
Freshwater sponges
Family Metaniidae
- Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863)
- Drulia browni (Bowerbank, 1863)
- Drulia conifera Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973
- Drulia cristata (Weltner, 1895)
- Drulia uruguayensis Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968
- Metania reticulata (Bowerbank, 1863)
Family Potamolepidae
- Onosclera intermedia (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973)
- Onosclera navicella (Carter, 1881)
- Onosclera spinifera (Boneto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973)
- Uruguaya corallioides (Bowerbank, 1863)
Family Spongillidae
- Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra de drago, 1974)
- Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Rivero, 1976
- Spongilla alba Carter, 1849
- Pottsiela spoliata Volkmer-Rivero & Maciel, 1983
- Trochospongilla gregaria (Bowerbank, 1863)
- Trochospongilla minuta (Postt, 1887)
- Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863)
See also
- List of echinoderms of Venezuela
- List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
- List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of molluscs of Falcón state, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
- List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela
- List of birds of Venezuela
- List of mammals of Venezuela
References
- ^ Sutherland, J.P. 1980: Dynamics of the epibenthic community on roots of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle, at Bahia de Buche, Venezuela. Marine Biology, 58:75-84. PDF
- ^ Díaz, Humberto., Bevilacqua, Marina. y Bone, David. 1985. Esponjas del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana. Caracas. 64p.
- ^ Catálogo de la colección de Porifera del Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central (MBUCV-XX)
- ^ Villamizar, E. and R. A. Laughlin. 1991. Fauna associated with the sponges Aplysina archeri and Aplysina lacunosa in a coral reef of the Archipielago de Los Roques, National Park, Venezuela. Pages 522–542 in J. Reitner and H. Keupp, eds. Fossil and recent sponges. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- ^ Venezuelatuya.com: Esponjas Marinas por Fundación La Tortuga. http://www.venezuelatuya.com/natura/esponjasmarinas.htm
- ^ Pompa M, Luis A. y Lin, Alan L. 1980: Carotenoides de algunas demospongias (Porifera) de la Bahía de Mochima, Edo. Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico Universidad de Oriente 19(1-2):9-14.
- ^ Amaro, María E. y Liñero-Arana, Ildefonso. 2002: Demospongiae (Porifera) de Isla Larga, bahía de Mochima, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela 41(1-2):45=53. PDF Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ María Cristina Díaz and Klaus Rützler 2009: Biodiversity and abundance of sponges in Caribbean mangrove: indicators of environmental quality. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 38:151-172. PDF Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Reinaldo S. Compagnone, Maria C. Oliveri, Ivette C. Piña, Sheila Marques, Héctor R. Rangel, Fracehulli Dagger, AlÍrica I. Suárez & Matilde Gómez. 1999: 5-Alkylpyrrole-2-Carboxaldehydes From the Caribbean Sponges Mycale Microsigmatosa and Desmapsamma Anchorata. Natural Product Letters, 13(3) :203=211.
- ^ Díaz, M.C.; Alvarez, B.; van Soest, R.W.M. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park 'Archipiélago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 57 (1): 31-41.
- ^ Volkmer-Ribeiro, Cecilia. y Pauls, Sheila M. 2000: Esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Desmopongiae) de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 20(1):1-28
Other references
- Álvarez, A. I. 1989. Establecimiento, desarrollo y mantenimiento de una comunidad epibentónica tropical. Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Diaz, M. C., S. Pauls, E. Villamizar, A. Alvizu, M. E. Amaro, M. Cellamare, S. Grune, I. Hernández, S. Narciso, A. Pérez, J. Pérez, I. Ramírez, R. Ramos, M. P. Romero, and P. Young. 2003. Porifera Biodiversity in Nueva Esparta, Venezuela: Common Species from La Restinga and Cabugua Island. Abstract. The Twin Cays Mangrove Ecosystem, Belize: Biodiversity, Geological History, and Two Decades of Change. Report from a Workshop, Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, Florida, December 2003. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Pauls, S. 1998. Estudio Sistemático y Biodiversidad de Porifera y Cnidaria en la Bahía de la P. N. Henri Pittier. Caracas: Escuela de Biología, Universidad Central de Venezuela.
- Pauls, S. 2003. “Esponjas.” In Biodiversidad en Venezuela. , ed. M. Aguilera, A. Azocar, and E. Gonzales, pp. 210– 219. Caracas, Venezuela: Polar Foundation and Ministry of Science and Technology.
- Pérez, A. 2007. Biodiversidad y Estructura Comunitaria de Poriferos Asociados a Raíces del Manglar, Rhizophora mangle, en el P. N. Laguna de La Restinga, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Ramírez, I. 2002. Taxonomía de Esponjas (Porifera: Demospongiae) de la Laguna de Bocaripo, Estado Sucre, e Islote Caribe, Dependencia Federal, Venezuela. Licenciate’s Thesis, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná.
External links
- M. Cristina Diaz and Klaus Rützler. 2001: Sponges: an essential component of Caribbean coral reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2): 535–546
- World Register of Marine Species (Worms)
- World Porifera database