This list of mammals of Lebanon comprises 107 mammal species recorded in Lebanon, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, seven are vulnerable, and one is near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN Red List:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Gazella
- Mountain gazelle, G. gazella EN
- Genus: Gazella
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Caracal
- Caracal, C. caracal LC
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle cat, F. chaus LC
- African wildcat, F. lybica LC
- Genus: Caracal
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Herpestes
- Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon LC
- Genus: Herpestes
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC
- Syrian jackal, C. a. syriacus
- Grey wolf, C. lupus LC
- Arabian wolf, C. l. arabs
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, V. vulpes LC
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC
- Syrian brown bear, U. a. syriacus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- Eurasian otter, L. lutra NT
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC
- Genus: Meles
- Caucasian badger, M. canescens NE
- Genus: Mellivora
- Honey badger, M. capensis LC
- Genus: Mustela
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN possibly extirpated
- Genus: Monachus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea except for gray whale.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN (possible)
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis CR (possible)
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Genus: Megaptera
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus LC
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Gervais' beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Family: Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd (possible)
- Genus: Sousa
- Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis DD
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca, Orcinus orca DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD
- Genus: Delphinus
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Genus: Rousettus
- Egyptian fruit bat, R. aegyptiacus LC
- Genus: Rousettus
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC
- Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Nycteridae
- Genus: Nycteris
- Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC
- Genus: Nycteris
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale VU
- Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
- Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Southern white-breasted hedgehog, E. concolor LC
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus LC
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat, they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.
- Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
- Genus: Procavia
- Cape hyrax, P. capensis LC
- Genus: Procavia
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Cape hare, L. capensis LC
- European hare, L. europaeus LC
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricomorpha
- Family: Hystricidae
- Genus: Hystrix
- Indian crested porcupine, H. indica LC
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Hystricidae
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Caucasian squirrel, S. anomalus LC
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
- Genus: Eliomys
- Asian garden dormouse, Eliomys melanurus LC
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Palestine mole rat, Nannospalax ehrenbergi LC
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius
- Genus: Mesocricetus
- Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Microtus
- Günther's vole, Microtus guentheri
- Persian vole, Microtus irani
- Social vole, Microtus socialis
- Genus: Microtus
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Wagner's gerbil, Gerbillus dasyurus
- Genus: Meriones
- Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Persian field mouse, Apodemus arianus
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis
- Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, Mus musculus
- Genus: Rattus
- Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC introduced
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
- Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus
- Wild goat, Capra aegagrus
- Nubian ibex, Capra nubiana
- Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica
- Onager, Equus hemionus
- Lion, Panthera leo
- Leopard, Panthera pardus
See also
References
- This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Misplaced Pages articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Misplaced Pages article was available.
- IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8989A50186574.
- Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
- Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
- Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
- Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
- Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
- Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A.H.; Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41613A45207211.
- AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
- Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
- McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
- Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
- Frantzis A.; Alexiadou P.; Paximadis G.; Politi E.; Gannier A.; Corsini-Foka M. (2003). "Current knowledge of the cetacean fauna of the Greek Seas" (PDF). Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 5 (3). International Whaling Commission: 219–232. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
- ^ Update on the Cetacean Fauna of the Mediterranean Levantine Basin
- Blue Fin Whale - Lebanon
- Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T13006A50362794.
- Monsarrat S.; Pennino G. M.; Smith D. T.; Reeves R.R.; Meynard N. C.; Kaplan M. D.; Rodrigues L. S. A. (2015). "Historical summer distribution of the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis): a hypothesis based on environmental preferences of a congeneric species" (PDF). Diversity and Distributions. 21 (8): 925–937. Bibcode:2015DivDi..21..925M. doi:10.1111/ddi.12314. S2CID 53593157. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
- Whale Spotted Off Coast Of Amchit
- Korine, C. (2016). "Rousettus aegyptiacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29730A22043105.
- Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
- Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Aulagnier, S.; Juste, J.; Karatas, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Myotis capaccinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14126A4399043.
- Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
- Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
- Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
- Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
- Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
- Johnston, C.H.; Robinson, T.J.; Child, M.F. & Relton, C. (2019). "Lepus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41277A45186750.
- Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
- Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
- Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
- Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
- Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
- Wapnish, Paula (2002). Collins, Billie Jean (ed.). A History of the Animal World in the Near East. Brill. p. 57. ISBN 90-04-12126-9.
- Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
- Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T. & Saltz, D. (2020). "Capra nubiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3796A22143385.
- Werner, N.Y.; Rabiei, A.; Saltz, D.; Daujat, J. & Baker, K. (2016). "Dama mesopotamica (errata version)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6232A97672550.
- Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. (2015). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T7951A45171204.
- Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
- Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139.
External links
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.