Misplaced Pages

Pavlo Tychyna
Павло Тичина
Tychyna c. 1924
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
In office 1953–1959
President	Mykhailo Hrechukha Demian Korotchenko
Preceded by	Oleksandr Korniychuk
Succeeded by	Oleksandr Korniychuk
Member of Verkhovna Rada
In office 1938–1967
Minister of Education of Ukr SSR
In office 1943–1948
Prime Minister	Leonid Korniyets Nikita Khrushchev Demian Korotchenko
Preceded by	Serhiy Bukhalo
Succeeded by	Hryhoriy Pinchuk
Member of Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
In office 1946–1962
Deputy Chairman of Supreme Soviet Soviet of Nationalities
In office 1954–1962
President	Vilis Lācis Jānis Peive
Personal details
Born	Pavlo Hryhorovych Tychyna (1891-01-23)January 23, 1891 Pisky, Russian Empire (Now Pisky, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine)
Died	16 September 1967(1967-09-16) (aged 76) Kyiv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union (Now Kyiv, Ukraine)
Resting place	Baikove Cemetery, Kyiv
Nationality	Ukrainian
Political party	CPSU (1944–) CP(b)U (1952–1959, 1960–)
Residence(s)	Kharkiv, Kyiv, Ufa
Alma mater	Kyiv Commercial Institute
Occupation	Poet, academician, interpreter, publicist
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine	1929–1967
Signature

Pavlo Hryhorovych Tychyna (Ukrainian: Павло Григорович Тичина; 23 January [O.S. 11 January] 1891 – September 16, 1967) was a major Ukrainian poet, translator, publicist, public activist, academician, and statesman. He composed the lyrics to the Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Life

Born in Pisky in 1891, he was baptized on January 27, which was mistakenly considered his birth date until recently. His father, Hryhoriy Timofiyovych Tychynin, was a village deacon and a teacher in the local grammar school. His mother, Maria Vasylivna Tychynina (Savytska), was eleven years younger than Pavlo's father. Pavlo had nine siblings: five sisters and four brothers. At first young Tychyna studied at the district's elementary school which was opened in Pisky in 1897. His first teacher was Serafima Morachevska who later recommended him to try his talent in chorus. In 1900 he became a member of an archiary chorus in the Trinity (Troitsky) monastery near Chernihiv. Simultaneously young Tychyna studied in the Chernihiv theological school. In 1906 Pavlo's father died. In 1907 Pavlo finished his school.

In 1907-1913 Tychyna continued his education in the Chernihiv Theological Seminary. There he became friends with the future poet, Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny. He also met Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky who greatly influenced his early works. In 1912-1913 Tychyna's works get published in the various local publications. In 1913-1917 he was studying at the Economics department of the Kyiv Commercial Institute which he did not finish. At the same time, he worked on the editorial boards of the Kyiv newspaper Rada and the magazine Svitlo (1913–14). In summers he worked for the Chernihiv statistical bureau. Later he worked as the assistant to chorus-meister in the Mykola Sadovsky theater.

When World War I broke out the institute transferred to Saratov. Tychyna, whilst on the road to the institute's new location, became ill and was forced to stop and recover from his sickness. He found sanctuary at the house of another poet, Volodymyr Samiylenko, in Dobrianka. During the war he worked with various Ukrainian publications. In 1920 Pavlo became a member of Pluh. After an immediate success with his poetry, in 1923 he moved to Kharkiv (Kharkov), entering the vibrant world of early post-Revolution Ukrainian literary organizations. In 1923 he joined the organization Hart after moving to Kharkivn and in 1927 the famed VAPLITE. In the 1920s Tychyna was a member of Kharkiv City Council as an independent. Controversy about the ideological tendencies of VAPLITE and the content of several of Tychyna's poems led to him being criticized for ideological reasons. As a response, Tychyna stopped writing and everybody assumed that it was the end to his writings. Later he became a member of Chervonyi Shliakh, and started to study Armenian, Georgian, and Turkic language, and became the activist of the Association of Eastern Studies in Kyiv.

Work

His initial work had strong connections to the symbolist literary movement, but his style transformed a number of times during his long career and frequently aped the acceptable socialist realism. His first works exploded onto the avant-garde Ukrainian scene with their colorful imagery and dynamic rhythms. However, as the Communist approach to artistic expression hardened and the role of a state-supported artist became more defined and restricted, Tychyna's poetry shifted rather dramatically, using clear pro-Communist political language, including a famous ode to Joseph Stalin, and the lyrics of the state anthem of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1933 the newspaper Pravda published his poem "The Party leads" in the Ukrainian language. Tychyna was often criticized by Ukrainian exiles for the praising of Communism in his work and co-option by the regime, but recent scholarship has stressed his subtle distancing and mocking of Communist excesses and brutality through over-the-top suffusive praise.

Controversy

Tychyna represents a complicated figure in both a political and academic sense. Many Ukrainian exile intellectuals and scholars involved in the analysis of Ukrainian literary history could not accept Tychyna's submission to political authority and apparent abandonment of many of his literary companions to the horrors of Stalinism. The true merit of his later poetry has been difficult to judge in such a bitter environment, which is only now relaxing. It also becomes difficult to determine Tychyna's true intent and emotions in such a repressive environment.

Tychyna's willingness to work with authorities, however, did not prevent Soviet authorities from forcing him to write a letter rejecting his candidature for a Nobel Prize, likely due to his Ukrainian heritage.

Tychyna was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967 by Omeljan Pritsak, but died in September that year.

Major works

• Clarinets of the Sun, (1918)
• The Plow, (1919)
• Instead of Sonnets or Octaves, (1920)
• The Wind from Ukraine, (1924)
• Chernihiv, (1931)
• The Party is our Guide (1934)
• Feelings of One Unified Family, (1938)
• Song of Youth, (1938)
• Steel and Tenderness, (1941)
• We Are Going into Battle, (1941)
• Patriotism in works of Majit Gafuri, (1942)
• Funeral of a Friend, (1942)
• The Day Will Come, (1943)
• To Grow and Act (1949)

English translations

The poems of Pavlo Tychyna were translated into English by Stephen Komarnyckyj.

• Pavlo Tychyna. The Raspberry’s Eyelash. Translated and edited by Stephen Komarnyckyj. — Salzburg: Poetry Salzburg, 2012. 120 pp. ISBN 978-3-901993-36-7.
• Print translations by Virlana Tkacz and Wanda Phipps
• Video of Tychyna's "War" read by Shona Tucker.

Awards

• Stalin Prize 1941 for collection of poetry "A feeling of the family united" (“Чуття єдиної родини”)
• Shevchenko National Prize 1962 (along with Oleksandr Honchar and Platon Maiboroda) for selected works in three volumes (1957)
• Hero of Socialist Labor February 23, 1967 for literary and civic activity
• Order Red Banner of Labour (twice)
• Order of Lenin (five times)
• Gold medal "Sickle and Hammer"

Legacy

Street names

• Kyiv
• Chernihiv
• Ivano-Frankivsk
• Vanadzor, Armenia

Memorial plaques

• Kyiv (at 5 Tereshchenko Street, also opened a museum-apartment of Tychyna)
• Kharkiv
• Ufa (at 79 Pushkin Street)
• Chernihiv (on building of the former Theological Seminary)

Monuments

• Pisky village (bust)

Museums

• Pavlo Tychyna Museum in Kyiv

In popular culture

The following pop songs were written on Tychyna's poems:

• "Veselo" by Kurs Valüt (2018)
• "Yak upav zhe vin z konya", "Hey vdarte v struny", "Des na dni moho sertsya" by Pyrih i Batih (2021)
• "Tam u topoli" by Artem Pyvovarov and Nastya Kamenskykh (2022)

See also

• List of Ukrainian-language poets
• List of Ukrainian literature translated into English

References

1. "Nominations 1967". nobelprize.org. April 2020.
2. The Raspberry's Eyelash. Poetry Salzburg, 2012.
3. Song on YouTube
4. Гурт "Пиріг і Батіг": пісні на вірші українських поетів "Розстріляне відроження", Павло Тичина. LIVE
5. Video on YouTube

External links

• Works by or about Pavlo Tychyna at the Internet Archive
• Biography at the Communist Party of Ukraine website
• Tychyna, Pavlo in Encyclopedia of Ukraine

v t e Verkhovna Rada
Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (1937–1941, 1947–1991)
Main topics	Chairman list Presidium 1938-1996 People's Deputy of Ukraine Committees Accounting Chamber Ombudsman National Parliamentary Library Verkhovna Rada building
Parliamentary elections	1918 1938 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2007 2012 2014 2019 Next
Members of parliament	Ukraine First members, 1990–94 Second members, 1994–98 Third members, 1998–2002 Fourth members, 2002–06 Fifth members, 2006-07 Sixth members, 2007–12 Seventh members, 2012–14 Eighth members, 2014–19 Ninth members, 2019–23 Ukrainian SSR First members, 1938–1947 Second members, 1947–1951 Third members, 1951–1955 Fourth members, 1955–1959 Fifth members, 1959–1963 Sixth members, 1963–1967 Seventh members, 1967–1971 Eighth members, 1971–1975 Ninth members, 1975–1980 Tenth members, 1980–1985 Eleventh members, 1985–1990
List of chairmen	Ukraine Ivan Plyushch Oleksandr Moroz Oleksandr Tkachenko Ivan Plyushch Volodymyr Lytvyn Oleksandr Moroz Arseniy Yatsenyuk Oleksandr Lavrynovych (acting) Volodymyr Lytvyn Volodymyr Rybak Oleksandr Turchynov Volodymyr Groysman Andriy Parubiy Dmytro Razumkov Ruslan Stefanchuk Ukrainian SSR Mykhailo Burmystenko Oleksandr Korniychuk Pavlo Tychyna Oleksandr Korniychuk Mykhailo Bilyi Kostiantyn Sytnyk Platon Kostiuk Volodymyr Ivashko Leonid Kravchuk Presidium Leonid Korniets Mykhailo Hrechukha Demyan Korotchenko Oleksandr Lyashko Ivan Hrushetsky Oleksiy Vatchenko Valentyna Shevchenko Volodymyr Ivashko Leonid Kravchuk Ivan Plyushch Oleksandr Moroz
Historic predecessors	Central Council of Ukraine All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets Central Executive Committee of Ukraine Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (never realized) Labor Congress of Ukraine Soim Carpathian Ukraine Ukrainian National Council West Ukraine Council of Republic
See also	Politics of Ukraine Political parties in Ukraine Elections in Ukraine Piano voting in Ukraine

v t e Ministers of Education and Sciences of Ukraine
Earlier	Big Ukraine Steshenko Hryhoriyiv Prokopovych Vasylenko Naumenko Kholodnyi Ohienko Krushelnytskyi West Ukraine Barvinsky Artymovych
Soviet Ukraine	Education Zatonsky Vrublevskyi Zatonsky Mykhailychenko Panchenko Shumskyi Zatonsky Hrynko Zatonsky Shumskyi Skrypnyk Zatonsky Khomenko Redko Bukhalo Tychyna Pinchuk Bilodid Bondar Udovychenko Marynych Fomenko Zyazyun Higher Education Koval Skaba Dadenkov Yefimenko Parkhomenko
Ukraine	Zyazyun Talanchuk Zghurovskyi Zaichuk Kremen Nikolayenko Vakarchuk Tabachnyk Kvit Hrynevych Novosad Polyukhovych Mandziy Shkarlet Lisovyi

• 1891 births
• 1967 deaths
• People from Chernihiv Oblast
• People from Chernihiv Governorate
• Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire
• Soviet male poets
• Ukrainian male poets
• 20th-century male writers
• 20th-century Ukrainian poets
• Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• First convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Seventh convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) politicians
• Education ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
• 20th-century Ukrainian politicians
• Recipients of the Shevchenko National Prize
• Recipients of the Stalin Prize
• Corresponding Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
• Burials at Baikove Cemetery