Misplaced Pages

Price Tower
The Price Tower as seen from Dewey Avenue
General information
Type	Multi-use
Address	510 S. Dewey Avenue
Town or city	Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Country	United States
Construction started	1952
Completed	1956
Height
Antenna spire	221 ft (67 m)
Technical details
Floor count	19
Floor area	42,000 square feet (3,900 m)
Lifts/elevators	4
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Frank Lloyd Wright
Main contractor	Haskell Culwell
Price Tower
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Show map of OklahomaShow map of the United States
Location	Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Coordinates	36°44′52″N 95°58′34″W / 36.74778°N 95.97611°W / 36.74778; -95.97611
Built	1956
Architect	Frank Lloyd Wright
NRHP reference No.	74001670
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	September 13, 1974
Designated NHL	March 29, 2007

The Price Tower is a nineteen-story, 221-foot-high tower at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, United States. One of the few skyscrapers designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the Price Tower is derived from a 1929 proposal for apartment buildings in New York City. Harold C. Price Sr., the head of the pipeline-construction firm H. C. Price Company, commissioned the Price Tower. The building is designated as a National Historic Landmark.

By the 1950s, the H. C. Price Company wanted to develop a modern headquarters in Bartlesville, and Harold Price hired Wright to design a headquarters for his company in 1952. Groundbreaking took place in November 13, 1953, and a topping out ceremony took place in March 1955. The Price Tower opened on February 10, 1956, attracting thousands of sightseers. Price sold the tower in 1981 to Phillips Petroleum, which donated it to the Price Tower Arts Center (PTAC) in 2001. The arts center subsequently converted part of the building into a museum, opening a boutique hotel and restaurant on the upper stories. The Price Tower was sold in 2023 and closed the next year following financial issues and legal disputes.

As built, the Price Tower had about 42,000 square feet (3,900 m) of rentable space, split across one residential and three office quadrants. The floor plan is laid out around a grid of parallelograms with 30-60-90 triangles, centered around a pinwheel-shaped structural core with four piers. The facade includes embossed copper spandrels and louvers, tinted glass windows, and poured stucco surfaces. The reinforced-concrete floors are cantilevered outward from the structural core. Initially, the residential and office portions of the building were accessed by different lobbies and elevators. The top three stories originally functioned as an office and a duplex unit for the Price family. Although the exterior has remained intact over the years, the apartments have been converted to offices. The building was widely discussed when it was completed, and it has received architectural accolades including the American Institute of Architects' Twenty-five Year Award.

Site

The Price Tower is located at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, United States. It is located in Washington County in the northeastern part of Oklahoma, approximately 30 miles (48 km) north of Tulsa. The Price Tower is located on a 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m) city block bounded by the now-closed Silas Street (formerly Sixth Street) to the south, Dewey Avenue to the west, Fifth Street to the north, and Osage Avenue to the east. The Price Tower's base occupies two land lots measuring a combined 150 by 140 feet (46 by 43 m). The rest of the block includes a storage annex, which originally functioned as a grocery store and car dealership, as well as a parking lot. The walkways and driveways outside the building are painted Cherokee red. There are two carports outside the building: one to the north for office tenants, and one to the south for residents.

The Tower Center at Unity Square, immediately south of the Price Tower, is directly to the south, linking the tower with the Bartlesville Community Center. Work on the park began in March 2019, and the park opened in May 2020.

History

Development

Bartlesville, a small city in northeastern Oklahoma, had undergone an economic boom starting in the 1890s, due to the success of the local oil industry. Oil magnates in Bartlesville commissioned architects to design lavish residences and offices. Among these was the Price Tower, commissioned by Harold C. Price Sr. as a corporate headquarters for his eponymous company, a pipeline-construction firm. Meanwhile, the architect Frank Lloyd Wright had wanted to develop a skyscraper ever since the early 1920s, when he drew up plans for the National Insurance Company Building, an unbuilt office tower in Chicago with cantilevered floor slabs.

Original New York plans

The Price Tower is directly derived from Wright's unbuilt plan for the redevelopment of St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery in East Village, Manhattan, New York City. Wright had been friends with St. Mark's rector, William Norman Guthrie, since at least 1908. Guthrie wrote to Wright in October 1927, telling the architect about his intention to construct a high-rise building to alleviate the church's ongoing financial shortfalls. Negotiations over architects' fees continued over the next year. Guthrie asked Wright to waive all but $150 of his $7,500 design fee, claiming that the proposed buildings were located in an undesirable neighborhood and were thus unlikely to attract high-paying rental tenants. It was not until December 1928 that Wright sketched out designs for the St. Mark's towers. Wright's longtime historian Edgar Kaufmann Jr. wrote that the St. Mark's towers were loosely based on the Romeo and Juliet Windmill, which Wright had designed for his aunts at Taliesin, his family's estate in Wisconsin. To comply with New York City building codes, Wright devised plans for towers of between 10 and 20 stories.

Wright's initial design called for several 16-to-18-story apartment buildings between 10th and 11th streets west of Second Avenue. In contrast to the skyscrapers that predominated in Manhattan at the time, which had setbacks, Wright's designs resembled inverted cones. The floor plans, rotated 30 degrees from a rectangular ground-level site, were divided into quadrants around a pinwheel-shaped core. The rooms were to be designed around a grid of 30-60-90 parallelograms and triangles. The floors would have been cantilevered outward from a pinwheel-shaped core, the only part of each building anchored to the ground. A steel-and-glass curtain wall would have been suspended from the ends of each floor slab. The structures would have contained steel furniture and copper walls. The apartments would have been duplex units, with 36 units in each building; the second-floor units would have run diagonally across each structure.

Wright called his design "modern—not modernistic". Guthrie began to express doubts in Wright's plans in 1930, following objections from St. Mark's vestry, and the project was ultimately canceled during the Great Depression. Wright attempted to resurrect the St. Mark's project multiple times without success, including in his Broadacre City. Wright continued to refine his tower design in the 1930s and 1940s. In particular, the superstructure of the Johnson Wax Headquarters' research tower (completed in Racine, Wisconsin, in 1944) is similar to that of the St. Mark's towers, except for the design of the curtain wall. Wright's next building in New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, would not be constructed until the 1950s.

Bartlesville plans

By the 1950s, the H. C. Price Company wanted to develop a modern headquarters in Bartlesville. At the time, the city had 19,000 residents, and its only other tall building was a 14-story structure developed by the Phillips Petroleum Company. Sources disagree on how Wright and the Price family came in contact. Several sources write that the architect Bruce Goff, who chaired the University of Oklahoma's (OU) school of architecture, recommended that the Prices hire Wright to design the headquarters. According to Architecture: the AIA journal, Goff had become involved after Price's son Joe, a student at OU, had asked him for advice. Other accounts state that Harold Sr.'s wife Mary Lou Price had read about Wright and recommended him to her husband, or that Harold's sons and daughter-in-law had recommended Wright after attending one of the architect's lectures at OU. Initially, Harold Sr. did not believe that Wright would be interested in designing a headquarters for the Price Company, as Harold Sr. neither sought a corporate icon nor needed large amounts of space. His sons, Joe and Harold Jr., told their father that hiring Wright would be no more expensive than hiring any other architect to design a generic "box-type structure".

The Prices went to Wright's Wisconsin studio, and Price and Wright haggled over the building's proposed height. Price had wanted a low-rise structure measuring two or three stories tall; as he said, he wanted a small building and a place to park ten trucks. Although Price envisioned a structure with 25,000 square feet (2,300 m) in total, Wright wanted a 25-story structure with 25,000 square feet per story. Price claimed a skyscraper would be "such a big building for a small town", while Wright countered that he had taken a regular low-rise structure and "stood it on end". Wright also allegedly told Price that "I'm going to give you the building I've been trying to build for 35 years." By August 1952, Harold Price Sr. sought to develop a building that was at least 10 stories tall, which would also include some apartments. Joe Price, one of Harold's two sons, later recalled that it took Wright two hours to convince Price to agree to a 12-story structure. As Harold Price Sr. later wrote, "we finally compromised on nineteen floors."

The final design was nearly identical to the St. Mark's design, although the dimensions of each floor at the Price Tower were smaller than those of the St. Mark's towers. The Price Company's vice president, John M. Thomas, later recalled that Harold Price "wanted that building to be a monument to the work our company had done, laying a pipeline through Alaska". On the other hand, Price himself said that "it was not our intent to build a monument" but that, nonetheless, the tower became a point of pride for Bartlesville. Wright thought the Bartlesville location was ideal because he believed that skyscrapers belonged in rural areas, where where they stood out from the surrounding landscape. Joe Price also asked Goff to design a house next to the Price Tower, but after Wright asked if Goff's design was meant as a joke, the planned house was canceled.

Construction

In May 1953, Price announced plans for an 18-story tower to be built on a 140-by-150-foot (43 by 46 m) site at the northeastern corner of Dewey Avenue and Sixth Street in Bartlesville. The structure was to be 186 feet (57 m) tall, with a three-story penthouse for the Price Company, eight double-story apartments, and a two-story annex for the Public Service Company. Wright, who had added the apartments at the Prices' request, envisioned the Price Tower as a model for other mixed-use high-rises in smaller American towns and cities. Price had anticipated that the building would cost $500,000. Haskell Culwell, a company from Oklahoma City, was hired as the main contractor in July 1953. W. Kelly Oliver was the lighting consultant, L. B. Perkins was hired as the electrical engineer, and Collins and Gould served as the mechanical engineer. Subcontractors submitted extremely high bids for materials; for example, one bidder offered to install the exterior copper for $450,000, while another bidder offered to pour concrete for $300,000. During the building's development, there were also disputes between Wright and Price over such details as chairs.

Work was delayed for several months due to difficulties in securing materials and widening a nearby street; in addition, it took more than a year to sketch out the design details. Groundbreaking took place in November 13, 1953, and site excavation was complete by that December. Wesley Peters was appointed as Wright's on-site representative, and several contractors from Oklahoma and Texas were hired for the project. Wright visited Bartlesville in early 1954 to discuss the tower's design with 400 college students. Construction was temporarily halted that March due to a labor strike. Workers installed a temporary elevator hoist, which was extended upward as the building's superstructure rose. Simultaneously, the floor slabs were poured; the lowest stories took a month to pour, but workers became more efficient at pouring concrete as the structure ascended. By August 1954, concrete work had reached the sixth story, which had been poured in a week.

Work on the tower continued through late 1954, with workers completing one story every 12 days; the tower had reached the 15th story by December. The developers were so heavily focused on the Price Tower's completion that they discouraged sightseers from coming, and they did not respond to he myriad of inquires about the tower's construction. The 19th and final story was completed in February 1955, and workers began installing interior finishes on the lowest stories. In addition, workers began installing some of the windows. A topping out ceremony took place the next month, March 14, 1955, at which point the building was scheduled to be completed in mid-1955. Joe Price was so heavily involved with the Price Tower's development that he lived on site while the tower was being completed. By that October, the building was still not open, but the Price Company was preparing to receive its first tenants. In January 1956, in preparation for the tower's opening, Bartlesville's traffic committee voted to add parking spaces to the streets surrounding the tower.

Late 20th century

Completion and early years

The Price Tower opened for media previews on February 4, 1956, and the building officially opened five days later on February 9. Only residents of Bartlesville were allowed to tour the structure on the first day, and the general public was allowed to visit over the weekend of February 11 and 12. The opening ceremonies attracted 13,000 sightseers. A retrospective Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article claimed that the Price Tower had cost $2.4 million to construct, while contemporary estimates ranged as high as $13 million. The Price family publicly cited the building's cost as $6.5 million, and Harold Sr. wrote in an August 1956 letter that he had spent $2.1 million. At the time of construction, the Price Tower was reportedly the most expensive building ever constructed in Bartlesville. The structure was also among the first skyscrapers with both apartments and offices from the outset. The tower's completion also helped bring attention to the Price family.

Harold Price was proud of the structure, placing images of it on the cover of his company's newsletter, Tie-In; the Price Company also gave free tours of the building. The apartments were variously cited as having been rented out for $285 or $325 a month. The offices rented for $135 to $165 a month depending on the office's location in the building. The Price Company initially occupied the office space on the 12th through 19th floors, employing sixty people there. The Public Service Company of Oklahoma moved into the two-story annex east of the main tower. Other early tenants included the General Acceptance Company on three stories, the Claiborne Company on the 11th floor, and an ophthalmologist's office. The building's tenants also included doctors and lawyers, as well as communications, utility, and real-estate firms. Bruce Goff moved into the Price Tower's 9th-and-10th-floor apartment and maintained an office in the building.

Two years after the Price Tower opened, it still attracted 40 to 50 tourists during the weekend, though two of the eight apartments were vacant. After Wright's death in 1959, Price hired a Swiss company to manufacture a sundial in Wright's honor. The sundial, which was installed next to the tower's southwest corner in November 1961, was vandalized shortly afterward. In 1960, Wright's firm Taliesin Associated Architects drew up plans to convert some of the unused apartments into offices. Although the Price family continued to take pride in the building's design, Joe Price said the company did not earn much from rental income; even if the Price Tower were fully occupied, it would still earn only $24,000 a year. The apartments were particularly difficult to rent, since one could buy a house in rural Oklahoma rather than paying the apartments' high rents, and there was virtually no demand for the apartments. Goff later recalled that, though up to five of the apartments were sometimes rented simultaneously, there were times when he was the only resident.

By the late 1960s, the Public Service Company had outgrown its offices in the building. In addition, the lobby displayed a rotating exhibit of photographs that Joe Price had taken while on a safari. Thirty-five to forty Price Company employees still worked at the Price Tower in the early 1970s. The remaining apartments were converted to office space in the 1960s and early 1970s, and only the Price penthouse remained by 1972. As part of a master plan for Bartlesville, city officials announced plans in 1978 for a $10.5 million community center next to the Price Tower, which was finished in 1982. The drive-through counter between the main tower and its annex was enclosed in the late 1970s, and a shop in the lobby had become a reception desk by the early 1980s. The exterior remained almost entirely unchanged, and the furniture and interior decorations remained in place.

Philips Petroleum ownership

In December 1980, the H. C. Price Company agreed to sell the Price Tower to Phillips Petroleum, which wanted to help preserve the building. Phillips formally took over the Price Tower in April 1981, and The Daily Oklahoman wrote the next month that Phillips had paid $2.5 million. Though Phillips preserved the building's interior decorations, it left the penthouse unused. During the 1980s, Phillips constructed or acquired several other buildings in downtown Bartlesville, and by 1983 there were media reports that Phillips planned to move out of the building. Phillips moved out during the middle of the decade. Several reasons have been cited for Phillips's relocation, including the 1980s oil glut, the opening of the nearby Plaza Office Building in 1985, and a decline in the local labor force. Harold Jr.'s ex-wife, Carolyn S. Price, said that even though the tower was seemingly out of place in Bartlesville, "when the Price Tower closed, people realized how much they missed it".

Phillips initially sought new tenants for the Price Tower, as the company planned to move employees to one of its other office towers nearby. The company received several proposals, including one plan that would have converted the Price Tower to residential condominiums. Phillips's lawyers ultimately deemed the exterior exit staircase a safety risk, and Phillips subsequently used the building only for storage. The Bartlesville Museum (later the Price Tower Arts Center, or PTAC) opened at the Price Tower in 1990, becoming its only tenant and occupying some ground-floor space. Under an agreement with Phillips, the museum was allowed to occupy the building without paying rent. The OK Mozart International Music Festival and the Landmark Preservation Council also moved into the building. In addition, tours of the building were given one day a week by the early 1990s.

Phillips began replacing the tower's roof in 1994, and the building was placed for sale the next year. After the Bartlesville Museum expressed interest in buying the tower in early 1996, Phillips agreed to postpone the building's sale for a year. Local residents formed the Price Tower Preservation Committee that May to raise $10 million for the building, including $5–6 million for maintenance. Phillips agreed in August 1998 to donate the building to the PTAC after the arts center raised a $3.5 million endowment fund for the tower's future operation. Subsequently, the art center asked charitable foundations to donate to the endowment fund. The spire was also restored in 1998, followed the next year by the facade. The same year, the PTAC restored Bruce Goff's apartment, and the organization received $125,000 for furnishings and educational programming. The family of Phillips's chief executive C. J. Silas also donated $3.2 million for the building's restoration, as well as $4 million to fund the PTAC's programs.

21st century

PTAC takeover and renovation

Phillips Petroleum donated the building to the PTAC in either 2000 or 2001. Following an extensive renovation, the tower was rededicated on February 10, 2001. As part of a second phase of renovations, the PTAC wished to convert part of the Price Tower into a hotel and a restaurant, profits from which would be used to help maintain the tower. Wendy Evans Joseph was hired to convert the middle stories into a boutique hotel, the Inn at Price Tower, for $2.1 million, of which $1.9 million was raised privately. The interior layout was largely preserved, and some objects were placed into storage. The hotel opened in April 2003. Joseph designed the Copper Bar and Restaurant on the 15th and 16th stories, and the PTAC renovated the lobby and penthouse suite as well.

The British architect Zaha Hadid was commissioned to design an expansion of the PTAC in 2002. The expansion was planned to cost $15 million, and it would have covered 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) or 58,000 square feet (5,400 m). The annex's design was inspired by that of the original building, with triangular motifs, and was boomerang-shaped. Had the annex been built, it would have included three galleries, classrooms, offices, and an auditorium. Most of the art center's collection would have been moved to this annex, freeing up space in the original building for the hotel and restaurant. Although Hadid's design was showcased at New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2006, the expansion was never completed.

The PTAC proposed adding a sculpture garden next to the tower in 2004, and the office interiors were restored in the mid-2000s. The penthouse was restored to its original condition, reopening in 2006 as part of the PTAC. For the penthouse suite's restoration, the PTAC received $20,000 from the National Endowment for the Arts and $6,740 from the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Fund for Historic Interiors. Ambler Architects, which had helped restore the Price Tower, moved into one of the offices. The Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy gave the Silas family a preservation award in 2006 for their work restoring the Price Tower. The Inn at Price Tower became a popular attraction, with visitors from around the world, and its opening helped revive Bartlesville's economy. The Copper restaurant closed temporarily in 2009 due to the 2000s financial crisis, but the bar remained open. The museum also struggled financially during the 2000s financial crisis.

The building had 30,000 annual visitors by 2014, and visitation increased in the late 2010s. The Copper Restaurant and Bar's chefs-in-residence program, and the Pioneer Woman Museum in nearby Ponca City, Oklahoma, were credited with increasing the Price Tower's popularity. The PTAC also formed a partnership with the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas, where another Wright–designed building, the Bachman–Wilson House, was being used as an exhibit. In 2017, the PTAC received a $75,000 matching funds grant through the Getty Foundation's Keeping It Modern program. The grant was used to hire a team of conservationists led by Gunny Harboe, who began devising plans for the building's preservation in November 2019. At the time, PTAC director Scott Amble said the building was prone to flooding and lacked insulation.

Sale and closure

By 2022, the Price Tower experienced financial issues due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, decreased revenue and donations, and the deaths of two Silas family members. The PTAC voted in February 2023 to sell the building to Copper Tree Inc., which took over the tower that March for a nominal fee of $10. At the time, the building was reportedly $500,000 or $600,000 in debt, for which Copper Tree took over responsibility. The Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy also held an easement on the building, requiring the owners to pay insurance and maintain the building, among other things. Cynthia Blanchard, one of the principals in Copper Tree, had planned to renovate the tower to attract technology-related tenants. The renovation was initially planned to cost $10 million and include upgrades to mechanical systems, elevators, and windows. Work on the renovation had not started by 2024. The Bartlesville Development Authority also offered $88,000 in tax incentives to attract two restaurants to the building.

Copper Tree began selling off the tower's furniture and decorations in April 2024, despite opposition from local residents and the PTAC. The owner of Tulsa's Mayo Hotel, John Snyder, offered to buy the tower for $1.4 million that May. By mid-2024, Copper Tree owed more than $2 million. Blanchard claimed that, even though the hotel, restaurant, and bar had been truncated to three-day-a-week operation, Copper Tree was still not receiving enough revenue from rent. As a result, in August, Copper Tree announced that the tower would close on September 1. The hotel was closed immediately, and most employees were fired. In addition, tenants received 30-day eviction notices, and Copper Tree sold more furniture. Visit Bartlesville, the city's tourism agency, said at the time that the Price Tower was the city's most popular visitor attraction.

The Price Tower was supposed to have been sold at an auction in early October 2024, with a starting bid of $600,000. The auction was halted amid a lawsuit from Snyder's company, McFarlin Building LLC, over whether an earlier sale agreement covering the structure was still active. McFarlin alleged in its lawsuit that Blanchard had agreed to sell the building to Snyder before reneging. Copper Tree also sued the Wright Building Conservancy in mid-October, requesting that a judge nullify the conservancy's liens on the building. The building was scheduled to go up for bid again in mid-November, but that auction was also canceled. The Wright Building Conservancy filed a counterclaim that December, saying that Copper Tree had violated the easement, which the organization claimed was still valid. In addition, the building's owners owed the Oklahoma Tax Commission at least $9,000.

Architecture

The Price Tower, a 19-story building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, measures 221 feet (67 m) tall from ground level to the tip of the building's spire. Excluding the 35-foot (11 m) spire, the building is 186 feet (57 m) tall. The main tower is divided into a two-story base and a 17-story upper section, which includes a three-story penthouse. In addition to the main tower, the Price Tower includes a two-story annex.

Wright nicknamed the Price Tower "the tree that escaped the crowded forest", referring both to the building's design and to his original plans for a New York skyscraper. The Price Tower has been described either as Wright's only completed skyscraper or one of his only two completed towers, the other being the Johnson Wax Headquarters' research tower. The building is divided into quadrants, of which one originally contained double-height apartments, while the other three were for offices. One of the quadrants is slightly smaller than the others.

Facade

As designed, each elevation of the main tower measures 45 feet (14 m) wide. The building is asymmetrical, and each elevation has a different appearance. The facade panels are suspended from the floor slabs, and most of the exterior decorations are made of copper. The facade includes louvers to help shield the interiors from sunlight. The louvers are 20 inches (510 mm) wide and were allowed to oxidize into a blue-green color before they were installed. The louvers on the office sections of the building are arranged horizontally, while those on the residential section are arranged vertically. The horizontal louvers were intended to keep out the wind and rain while also blocking direct sunlight, while the vertical louvers are placed on the southwest corner, which has the most exposure to sunlight throughout the day. On the 16th-story terrace are movable louvers. There are also embossed copper spandrels embedded into the ends of the concrete floor slabs, which are decorated with a motif loosely resembling the floor plans. Wright anticipated that the spandrels would change color as they aged.

The rest of the facade is generally made of poured concrete, which is covered with stucco. All exterior trim is made of aluminum, while the exterior lamps are made of copper. The glass panes were originally tinted in gold and copper hues. A reflective film was added to the windows in the late 20th century, though the film on the southeast-quadrant windows was removed in 2003. Balconies on each floor provide shade to parts of the facade, and roof gardens were planted atop the annex and the apartment balconies. Wright, a major proponent of organic architecture, believed that the roof gardens and glass-and-steel facade would help integrate the building's interior and exterior. He envisioned the terraces as "intermediaries" that connected the indoors and outdoors. The facade also contains a 4-by-4-inch (100 by 100 mm) red tile, on which Wright signed his initials.

At the ground or first story, the annex was originally divided from the main tower via a drive-through counter with vertical windows. Although the second story of the annex was physically connected to the main tower, there was no way to travel between the two parts of the building without going outside. The annex's northern wall has an rhombus window with embossed copper bands, as well as a skylight with a copper frame. Between 1978 and 1979, the drive-through counter was enclosed, becoming the Taliesin Room. There is also a one-story storage shed to the east, which was built in the 1980s or 1990s, in addition to canopies and loggias for pedestrians and vehicles.

Structural and mechanical features

The structural core is made of four reinforced-concrete support piers extending the full height of the tower, each measuring 18 feet (5.5 m) wide by 10 feet (3.0 m) thick. The piers rest on a concrete platform 25 feet (7.6 m) below ground, which measures 3 feet (0.91 m) thick. The piers are arranged in a pinwheel configuration around a small open area in the center, forming a hollow "X" shape as seen from above. Utility pipes, wires, and ducts are embedded into these piers, and an air-conditioning system is placed within the piers and floor slabs. The building's interior is divided into four air-conditioning zones, one for each quadrant; the ducts in each pier serve a different quadrant. The building is served by three air-cooling machines above the main tower's 15th story, as well as another machine above the two-story annex.

The main tower's floor slabs are made of reinforced concrete, while the walls are made of glass and concrete. The floor slabs taper in thickness from 20 inches (510 mm) at the core to 3 inches (76 mm) at the building's perimeter. The floors are cantilevered outward, extending as much as 19 feet (5.8 m) from the crossbeams that connect each pair of piers. The cantilevered floors permitted a more flexible floor plan while also making the building one-seventh the weight of similar skyscrapers. Conversely, since the piers in the Price Tower's core carry all of the building's weight, this limits the extent to which the central portion of each floor could be modified. Wright himself claimed that a similar-sized building in New York's Rockefeller Center weighed about as much as 6.1 buildings of the Price Tower's size.

The upper stories were originally served by four elevators, one in each pier, which could fit only two to four people comfortably. Each hexagonal elevator cab covers about 10 square feet (0.93 m) and was custom-made. One elevator was originally used exclusively by residents, while the other three were used by office tenants; the elevators skipped certain floors based on which quadrant they served. All four elevators could be either operated automatically or staffed by an elevator operator. There was no freight elevator because Wright thought it was redundant, given that the building's furnishings were mostly built-in. The residential elevator shaft is no longer used, and the cab has been removed to make way for additional ducts and wires. The building was constructed with a single emergency-exit staircase, which is placed outdoors and is covered by a canopy. The stairway is also extremely narrow. The condition of the stair may have contributed to the building's abandonment in the late 20th century, as fire-safety regulations required at least two emergency exit stairs.

Interior

As built, the Price Tower had about 37,000 square feet (3,400 m) or 42,000 square feet (3,900 m) of rentable space. Including corridors and other non-rentable spaces, the gross floor area was 57,315 square feet (5,324.7 m). PTAC executive Michael Christopher described Wright as having planned the building as an "urban microcosm concept, where you would live, work, eat, and shop all in the same space". When the building had been designed, Wright had believed that people could live "a richer, more connected life" if residential and business uses were combined in one building. Each quadrant is rotated 30 degrees from the neighboring piers, except for odd-numbered stories in the southwestern quadrant's apartments.

The floor plan is laid out around a grid of parallelograms, each composed of four 30-60-90 triangles. The parallelograms measure 2 feet 10.625 inches (879 mm) on each side and are spaced 2 feet 6 inches (762 mm) apart. Each floor has a usable floor area of 1,900 square feet (180 m). On each floor, 1,150 square feet (107 m) were originally used for offices; the remaining space was part of an apartment. The Price Company had the 11th to 16th-floor offices, while the offices on the 3rd to 10th floors were rented out. There were eight apartments including the Prices' penthouse. The hallways are low, narrow corridors, while the rooms' ceilings descend to as low as 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m) at the building's core. Due to the differing thicknesses of the floor slabs, the ceilings slope up toward the building's perimeter. As seen from the side, the sloping floor slabs resembled the branches of a tree.

Wright designed furniture for the building and specific tenants, which was mostly assembled on site. Paul Goldberger of The New York Times described the tower's furniture as "geometric and almost futuristic". Lighting fixtures, ventilation grilles, and built-in furniture were designed to fit within the building's floor grid, while mahogany, aluminum, and tarnished copper are used in furniture throughout the building. For the offices, Wright designed chairs with heavy aluminum bases, sloped arms, and hexagonal seatbacks, which were custom-made by a firm from Dewey, Oklahoma, and failed to sell commercially. Wright also designed hexagonal trash cans, in addition to aluminum dining chairs and built-in upholstered wood benches for the residences. The Price Tower's furniture bears similarities to pieces that Wright designed for his residential clients. There are also pieces of furniture donated by Bruce Goff. One of Wright's chairs was auctioned in 1989 for between $20,000 and $30,000, while additional furniture was sold in 2019 and 2024. Wright was also responsible for the building's color scheme, which varied on each floor.

Lower stories

The lobby was accessed from the north via a driveway from Dewey Avenue, as well as from Sixth Street to the south. The lobby contains a newsstand. The floor is painted Cherokee red, while the fluted, light-colored walls contain low seats. Inscribed on the walls are two quotes, adapted from the work of Walt Whitman; one is from the concluding stanza of Salut au Monde, and the other is from Song of the Broad-Axe. On the lobby's double-height ceiling are triangular lamps with copper frames and opaque glass panes. The second story is designed as an open-air mezzanine, running from west to east.

The two-story annex covers more than 10,000 square feet. It had offices for the Public Service Company of Oklahoma, as well as a superintendent's apartment with a living room, kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom. The superintendent's apartment subsequently became a catering room for the Price Tower Arts Center, while the offices became a lobby and welcome center. When the art center moved into the building, two partition walls and a restroom were added, and the second floor was converted into exhibition space. In addition, there was a basement with laundry, storage, and garbage rooms, and a sub-basement with elevator equipment.

Intermediate stories

The 3rd to 15th floors, which contain the offices and apartments, have very similar layouts. The southwestern quadrant was devoted to residential use. There were seven double-story apartments on the 3rd through 16th floors, each occupying approximately 982–986 sq ft (91.2–91.6 m). Generally, each apartment had a Cherokee-red floor, light-colored walls, and mahogany furniture. Although the main entrance of each apartment was on the lower level, the elevator provided access to both levels. Each apartment had a narrow entrance vestibule, with a stair leading to the upper level, as well as a small kitchen with various appliances, laminate counters, and a trash chute. The lower level also had a living–dining space, closets, and a bathroom. The upper level had two bedrooms overlooking the lower level, in addition to a bathroom and more closets. A glass skylight illuminated each apartment's upper level, and Eugene Masselink and Wright decorated the upper-level balustrade with a copper artwork. Each apartment also had fireplaces, which were located near the core and, according to Wright, were intended to celebrate Oklahoma's oil and gas reserves. Small balconies were placed on the exterior of each apartment. The apartments, which were unpopular because of their small size and high prices, were later converted to regular offices.

The office space on the upper stories was designed so that it could be further subdivided; tenants could install partitions along the parallelogram grid. At the 16th story is an open terrace, buffet, and kitchen, placed on a setback in one quadrant. Because of the tower's small footprint, the Bartlesville Record wrote that "every unit of space an outside unit". Wright's sketches indicate that the office spaces were to be furnished with hexagonal desks, in addition to triangular drawers with triangular knobs; at least some of these decorations were retained in the Price Company's offices. Wright added swivel chairs and U-shaped desks in other offices to minimize office workers' movement. Wright also designed removable glass and plywood partition walls, which were placed between the different offices and were removed by the building's later occupants.

By the 2000s, the 3rd to 6th floors had become offices for the PTAC. A boutique hotel named The Inn at Price Tower occupied the 7th to 14th floors, with 21 units in total. These include 18 single rooms and 3 duplex suites, the latter of which were converted from apartments. Some of the hotel units were two-story spaces with sleeping lofts on a balcony level. The hotel had earth-toned upholstery, reflecting the building's original colors, in addition to furnishings and motifs inspired by Wright's original design. There were Tibetan rugs, green curtains, and maple furniture, along with copper-accented furniture. Furniture was manufactured on-site because the elevators were too small to accommodate new furniture. The modifications were designed so they could be easily reversed if the hotel closed; for example, showers were installed in existing closets. On the 7th to 14th floors, the apartments' original bathrooms and kitchens remain in place, but the other rooms on these stories have been modified. Tours of the tower were included with room reservations.

The 15th and 16th stories were converted into Copper, a restaurant and bar, after the hotel opened. This bar had a copper countertop above a maple plywood counter, an allusion to the materials used in Wright's original furniture; the bar's shape was an allusion to the curved facade of the Guggenheim Museum, also designed by Wright. In addition, the barstools and chairs were made of plywood and copper.

Penthouse

The top three stories originally functioned as an office and a duplex apartment for the Prices, occupying all four quadrants. The former corporate office is at the middle of the 17th floor, and the Price family's living room occupies the same story. The corporate office includes a glass curtain wall. Another wall includes a full-height wood-burning fireplace. Wright designed a custom rolling chair for Harold Sr., along with four aluminum chairs for visitors. There was also a bronze lamp with a pebbled glass shade and a retractable banquette under Harold Sr.'s desk. Wright designed a mural called The Blue Moon, a reference to the phrase "once in a blue moon", used as a metaphor for rare occurrences. Wright said at the time that it was very rare for "the perfect design, perfect architect and perfect buyer" to be present on the same project. Outside Harold Sr.'s office was another office for his assistant, with a U-shaped desk and swivel chair. There is a terrace to the north and a roof garden to the south of Harold Sr.'s office.

The 18th floor includes a conference room and bedrooms for the Prices. The conference room provides a secondary entrance to the Price apartment, whose two bedrooms are accessed by a steep staircase. The 19th floor was used as an executive office and, unlike all the other stories, was not divided into quadrants. Eugene Masselink designed a glass mural for the wall of Price's 19th-floor office, which includes gold, copper, red, and turquoise hues. As planned, there was to be a rooftop kitchen and buffet area, an open terrace, and a television antenna above the 19th floor. The PTAC used the penthouse as a museum space after taking over.

Management

The Price Tower Arts Center, the art complex at Price Tower, was founded in 1985 as a civic art museum and reorganized in 1998. The PTAC focused on art, architecture, and design, with a particular emphasis on Wright's and Goff's architectural works. The center provided tours of the building, in addition to displays of modern art. furniture, textiles, and design. The museum's collection included contemporary art, including Frederic Remington sculptures, in addition to architectural works by Wright and Goff. There were also many objects collected by Bruce Goff, including 7,000 phonograph records, pieces of laundry, and paintings created using toothbrushes. In addition, the PTAC operated summer camps for art and architecture.

The Inn at Price Tower was a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Condé Nast listed the Inn at Price Tower as one of the world's 100 best hotels when it opened, and the hotel was on the 2021 list of Top 25 Historic Hotels of America Most Magnificent Art Collections. The hotel was closed in 2024.

Impact

Reception

Contemporary

When plans for the Price Tower were announced in 1953, Architectural Forum magazine published a ten-page article about the planned building, saying that "Never has so tall an office building been built in so small a city." A writer for the Kansas City Times described the Price Tower as "a slender, blade-like building", and Americas magazine wrote that the Price Tower "reveals Wright's curious concept of skyscrapers". The Bartlesville Record predicted that the Price Tower would help bring good publicity to Oklahoma.

When the building was completed, it was one of the most widely-discussed skyscrapers in the U.S., and it was depicted in magazines such as Newsweek and Fortune. The Christian Science Monitor wrote that it was "one of the world's most modern buildings". Thomas W. Ennis of The New York Times called the Price Tower a seeming "reversal of the natural order of things", and the Enid Daily Eagle called the Price Tower "perhaps the most notable achievement in art in Oklahoma" during 1955. The Nowata, Oklahoma, Daily Star regarded the tower as "slim and graceful", and the Tulsa Tribune wrote that the building "adds a distinctive note" to Bartlesville's downtown. The author Allan Temko said that, even though the Price Tower "makes use of standard parts, mass produced by machine technology", it was a good example of Wright's organic architecture. Conversely, critics likened the Price Tower to a hood ornament and a spaceship, and people derided it as "Price's folly". The British architectural writer Ian Nairn called the tower "the saddest case of an unrealized focus" because it was set back from the city's street grid and, thus, did not readily attract passersby's attention.

The Bartlesville Morning Examiner wrote in 1957 that many publications had ranked the Price Tower among Wright's best works or among the best new buildings. Depictions of the tower were displayed at Expo 58 in Brussels, and the American Institute of Architects (AIA) also hosted an exhibit in Washington, D.C., with photos of the tower. The United States Information Agency displayed pictures of the Price Tower overseas as part of campaigns promoting Oklahoma. When Wright died in 1959, Walter H. Stern of The New York Times wrote that "to attribute a single architectural style to Mr. Wright would be a misjudgment of his art", citing the contrasts between the Price Tower and Wright's Taliesin studio.

Retrospective

The Price Tower received the Twenty-five Year Award from the AIA in 1983; as the AIA said, "The Price Tower is an embodiment of organic philosophy that buildings should grow out of the ground." The Price Tower was the third Wright–designed building to receive the award, after Taliesin West and the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and the first building in Oklahoma to be so recognized. The AIA's Oklahoma chapter also voted the Price Tower as one of the state's ten best buildings, and The Daily Oklahoman listed it as one of the few buildings in Oklahoma that had garnered national attention. A writer for Architecture: the AIA journal said in 1982 that "The very complexity of the building gives particular identity to each space within". Although Paul Goldberger wrote that the Price Tower was "full of Wright's tense, energetic desire to break out of the box", he felt that it was not "a major building of the twentieth century" because it had languished as an unfinished project for too long. Jane Holtz Kay of The Christian Science Monitor wrote in 1983 that Wright had not been properly recognized for his work, even though the Price Tower and his other designs "make him a model for architecture's latest high-rise hipsters".

In 2003, The New York Times wrote that the Price Tower "presides over this city of 36,000 with a strange totemic power", while Architectural Record wrote that the building was "as much a social manifesto as a work of architecture". The architect Tadao Ando described the Price Tower as one of the most important 20th-century buildings. A writer for The Atlantic magazine described the building as "easily one of the more bizarre towers ever built". Observers also wrote about the small sizes of spaces such as elevators. Blair Kamin of the Chicago Tribune, reviewing the hotel rooms, felt them to be "an exemplary exercise in the art of respectful contrast" despite the cramped spaces. A writer for the Austin American-Statesman said in 2016 that the Price Tower was an "engineering marvel in the middle of the prairie" that architecture students, architects, and engineers came to visit.

Media

Shortly after the Price Tower was completed, Wright wrote a book about the building's construction, The Story of the Tower, in which he compared the floors to the branches of a tree. Joe Price, who produced a film about the tower's development, recalled that "the true building itself became visible to me" one day while the louvers were being installed on the facade. The book Prairie Skyscraper: Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower, published in 2005, includes essays about and photographs of the building, and the 2014 book Frank Lloyd Wright: Preservation, Design, and Adding to Iconic Buildings also includes an essay about the Price Tower. Wendy Evans Joseph, who designed the building's hotel, also created a pop-up book featuring the tower.

Landmark designations

The Price Tower was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1974. It is one of several NRHP sites in Bartlesville, along with LaQuinta, the Old Washington County Courthouse, and the Frank Phillips Home. The building was further nominated for a National Historic Landmark designation in 2006. On March 29, 2007, the United States Department of the Interior designated the building as a National Historic Landmark; at the time, it was one of 20 such sites in Oklahoma. In designating the building, the Interior Department described the structure as embodying "the powerful architectural idea of the cantilevered tower".

In 2008, the U.S. National Park Service submitted the Price Tower, along with nine other Frank Lloyd Wright properties, to a tentative list for World Heritage Status. The Price Tower and ten other Wright buildings were renominated to the list in 2011. Ten buildings including the Price Tower were again nominated to the World Heritage List in 2015, but after the UNESCO World Heritage Committee rejected this nomination, the Price Tower was removed from the proposed listing. UNESCO ultimately added eight properties to the World Heritage List in July 2019 under the title "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright"; the Price Tower was not one of them.

Exhibits and architectural influence

After the building was announced, models of it were displayed at Tulsa's Petroleum Exposition, Bartlesville's First National Bank, New York City's American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the Guggenheim Museum during 1953 alone. The building was also depicted in a 1954 exhibit about Wright's work at Los Angeles's Barnsdall Art Park, the Bartlesville Museum's first exhibit in 1990, and an exhibit at New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in 1994. In addition, a custom chair from the building was exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1991, and MoMA owns a model of the building. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the tower's opening, the PTAC hosted a traveling exhibit on the building's history in 2005. The tower itself also attracted visitors from around the world, and reproductions of its furniture have been sold.

The St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote that the building "has been imitated but never duplicated". The Price Tower's design may have inspired that of the Citizens Bank Tower (now The Classen) in Oklahoma City, which was designed by the architectural firm Bozalis & Roloff. Other projects based on the Price Tower's design include a Domino's Pizza headquarters in Michigan, as well as Wright's Crystal Heights towers in Washington, D.C.. Another of Wright's buildings, Point View Residences, also used a parallelogram floor grid, though that building was not finished during his lifetime. Wright's unfinished design for The Illinois, a mile-high skyscraper, was loosely derived from the cantilevered structure of the Price Tower and Tokyo's Imperial Hotel. The concept of mixed residential and office skyscrapers did gain popularity; Paul Goldberger of The New York Times described the Price Tower's mix of uses as having been copied by buildings such as the Olympic Tower and the Galleria in New York. The designs of other buildings, such as the interiors of Bachman–Wilson House in Arkansas, The Arlington in North Carolina, and the Morton International Building in Illinois, have been compared to that of the Price Tower.

Harold Jr. also commissioned Wright to design a house in Bartlesville, which became known as Hillside. The Usonian–style home has two stories and an L-shaped hipped roof. The Price Tower and Hillside are two of the only three Wright buildings in Oklahoma; the other is Westhope in Tulsa. Wright would later design another house for the Price family in Phoenix, Arizona. The neighboring Bartlesville Community Center was designed by Wright's apprentice and son-in-law William Wesley Peters; the city's decision to hire Peters was influenced in part by the presence of the Price Tower.

See also

• List of Frank Lloyd Wright works
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Oklahoma

References

Notes

1. Although contemporary sources from 1929 say that there were supposed to be four towers, later sources give a figure of three towers.
2. Sources disagree on whether the company moved out during 1984 or 1987.
3. The Johnson Wax Company's research tower is shorter, at 166 feet (51 m). Wright also designed the Illinois skyscraper, which was never built.
4. According to a 2007 National Park Service report, the hotel was divided as follows:
   • The 7th and 8th floors had six rooms and one suite.
   • The 9th and 10th floors had six rooms and one apartment.
   • The 11th to 14th floors had six rooms, two suites, and two offices.
   Some sources give a conflicting figure of 19 units.

Citations

1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
2. "Price Tower". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
3. Warner, Elaine (2009). Insiders' Guide to Tulsa. Insiders' Guide Series. Globe Pequot. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7627-6321-4. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
4. ^ "Price Tower Arts Center – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH. May 7, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
5. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 4.
6. ^ Nash, Eric P. (March 16, 2003). "Travel Advisory; Rooms With a View, By Frank Lloyd Wright". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
7. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 5.
8. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 6.
9. ^ Architectural Record 1956, p. 156.
10. ^ "Tower Center at Unity Square Opens in Bartlesville". Bartlesville Radio. May 29, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
11. Archer, Kim (May 28, 2021). "Unity Square approaches one-year anniversary in full stride". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
12. Ellis, Ashley (March 29, 2019). "Groundbreaking for new urban green space at Price Tower". KTUL. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
13. "Tower Center at Unity Square to Unite Northeast Oklahoma". Bartlesville Radio. March 29, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
14. ^ Brown, Patricia Leigh (October 16, 2003). "Built on Oil, Banking on Design". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
15. ^ Henderson, Arn (2017). Bruce Goff: Architecture of Discipline in Freedom. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8061-5829-7. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
16. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 17.
17. "October to See Start of Price Tower". The Tulsa Tribune. September 30, 1953. p. 23. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
18. ^ Architectural Forum 1956, p. 107.
19. McCarter 1997, p. 191.
20. ^ DeLong 1982, p. 79.
21. Toker, Franklin (2003). Fallingwater Rising: Frank Lloyd Wright, E. J. Kaufmann, and America's Most Extraordinary House. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-307-42584-3.
22. ^ McCarter 1997, p. 195.
23. Hoffmann 1998, p. 63.
24. Hoffmann 1998, p. 64.
25. Architectural Record 1956, p. 158.
26. Hoffmann 1998, p. 68.
27. ^ "Odd-type Buildings to Overlook Church; St. Mark's, in Erecting Novel 'Inverted Cone' Apartments Will Use Its Own Land". The New York Times. October 19, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
28. ^ "Inverted Cone Skyscraper Type To Appear Here: Frank L. Wright Designs Radical Structures for St. Mark's-in-Bouwerie Furnishings To Be Steel Glass, Copper and Concrete Materials for Pyramids". New York Herald Tribune. October 18, 1929. p. 26. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1111677385.
29. ^ "Apartments Of Glass And Steel Inverted Pyramids To Be Built: Novel Dwellings, To Be Constructed On Property Of New York Church, Will Have Maximum Of Air And Light". The Baltimore Sun. Associated Press. October 18, 1929. p. 1. ISSN 1930-8965. ProQuest 542047630.
30. Raynor, Vivien (January 25, 1985). "Art: Wright Drawings Again Offered to Public". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
31. ^ McCarter 1997, pp. 195–196.
32. ^ Hoffmann 1998, p. 70.
33. ^ Hoffmann 1998, p. 71.
34. ^ McCarter 1997, p. 198.
35. McCarter 1997, pp. 196–197.
36. ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (February 12, 1956). "Skyscraper Rises in Rural Setting; Prairie Town in Oklahoma Helps Dedicate Creation of Frank Lloyd Wright". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
37. ^ DeLong 1982, p. 81.
38. ^ Nelson, Mary Jo (November 19, 1978). "Bartlesville's New Downtown!". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 180, 181. Retrieved December 17, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
39. ^ DeLong 1982, p. 78.
40. Venant, Elizabeth (July 6, 1986). "Welcome to L.A., Mr. Price an Oklahoma Millionaire Follows His Japanese Art Collection West-and Southern California Gets a Major New Art Patron". Los Angeles Times. p. 14. ISSN 0458-3035. ProQuest 292360269.
41. ^ Colberg, Sonya (March 10, 2002). "Price Tower remains gem of architecture". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 2. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
42. ^ Hensley, Staci Elder (February 4, 2001). "Famed building to reopen". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 82. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
43. ^ Wright, Olgivanna Lloyd (February 5, 1962). "Our House". The Capital Times. p. 3. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
44. ^ Hoffmann 1998, p. 72.
45. ^ Warner, Elaine (April 24, 2015). "Oklahoma's Boutique Hotels Provide Summer Stays for Summer Play". 405 Magazine. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
46. Dillon 2003, pp. 118, 120.
47. ^ Larouche, Sandy (March 27, 2001). "Wright's Towering Achievement". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. pp. F1, F3. ProQuest 404128620. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
48. DeLong 1982, pp. 78–79.
49. ^ Sweeney, Louise (August 17, 1988). "Architect Wright's exhibit house finally gets built". Journal Tribune. p. 15. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
50. ^ Dillon 2003, p. 120.
51. Hoffmann 1998, p. 73.
52. ^ "Bartlesville Town and Towner". The Daily Oklahoman. July 10, 1955. p. 101. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
53. ^ Curtis, Wayne (July 1, 2008). "Little Skyscraper on the Prairie". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
54. Larouche, Sandy (March 27, 2001). "One Man Remembers How It Was to Work in Price Tower". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. F3. ProQuest 404111646. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
55. ^ Del Campo, Santiago (April 1954). "An Afternoon With Frank Lloyd Wright". Americas. Vol. 6, no. 4. p. 45. ProQuest 1797186012.
56. Architectural Record 1956, p. 154.
57. Valentine, Lawford (February 1, 1972). "Fashions in Living: Masterwork: For Mr. and Mrs. Joe D. Price". Vogue. Vol. 159, no. 3. p. 185. ProQuest 911866821.
58. ^ "H. C. Price Company to Build 18-story Bartlesville Skyscraper". The Tulsa Tribune. May 7, 1953. pp. 22, 30. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Price Company to Build Skyscraper". Bartlesville Record. May 8, 1953. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
59. ^ "Oklahoma Firm Approves a Frank Lloyd Wright Design". The Kansas City Star. May 17, 1953. p. 108. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
60. Stanton, Ed (May 28, 1953). "Big Town a Ghost Town?: It's Wise to Decentralize, City Is Finished — Wright: Wright Sees Demise of City, Big City Department Stores". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 86, no. 104. pp. 1, 51. ProQuest 1523233152.
61. ^ Hoffmann 1998, p. 75.
62. "Contract Let for Building of Price Tower Here". Bartlesville Record. July 3, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Price Tower Contract Goes to OC Builder". The Tulsa Tribune. July 3, 1953. p. 14. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Bartlesville Contract Let on 18-story Building". Tulsa World. July 4, 1953. p. 2. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
63. ^ Storrer 1993, p. 379.
64. ^ Progressive Architecture 1956, p. 88.
65. Architectural Record 1956, p. 159.
66. ^ Architectural Forum 1953, p. 102.
67. ^ Gordon, Joanne (March 11, 1956). "The Skyscraper That Shocks Oklahoma Town". The Kansas City Star. p. 112. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
68. "Price Tower Work May Start Oct. 20". Tulsa World. October 3, 1953. p. 13. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
69. "To Break Ground for Price Tower Building Today". Bartlesville Record. November 13, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Construction Begins on Price Building". Claremore Daily Progress. November 15, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
70. ^ Storrer 1993, p. 378.
71. ^ "Price Tower Firms Named". Tulsa World. December 25, 1953. p. 19. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Price Tower Contractors, Suppliers Listed". Bartlesville Record. December 25, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
72. "Capacity Bartlesville Audience Hears Famed Architect Speak". The Tulsa Tribune. January 8, 1954. p. 19. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Ag Architects Hear Frank Lloyd Wright". The Daily O'Collegian. January 9, 1954. p. 8. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
73. "Building Strike Nears Its End". The Tulsa Tribune. March 13, 1954. p. 11. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
74. ^ "Flag Marks Peak of Rising Price Tower". Bartlesville Record. December 3, 1954. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
75. ^ "Construction of Price Tower Is Proceeding at Faster Rate". Bartlesville Record. August 20, 1954. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
76. "Not the World's Tallest used-car lot..." Bartlesville Record. September 24, 1954. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
77. "Bartlesville Skyline Changes". Tulsa World. December 12, 1954. p. 36. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
78. ^ "Bartlesville Tower Rises, Oddest Building in State". Tulsa World. February 22, 1955. p. 4. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
79. ^ "Bartlesville's Tower to Be Finished Soon". The Daily O'Collegian. March 24, 1955. p. 7. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
80. ^ "Last Complete Story Nearing Completion on Price Tower". Bartlesville Record. February 24, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
81. "Flag Raising". Bartlesville Record. March 17, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
82. "Going Up, Up, Up". The Tulsa Tribune. October 8, 1955. p. 3. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
83. Smith, Ralph L. (January 18, 1956). "Tower Parking Plan Approved". The Tulsa Tribune. p. 14. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
84. "Price Tower Opened to Public Inspection". Miami News-Record. Associated Press. February 5, 1956. p. 8. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
85. ^ Dillon 2003, p. 118.
86. ^ Johnson, Dave (February 8, 1956). "Dear Folks". Nowata Daily Star. pp. 1, 6. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
87. ^ "Price Tower Open to All on Weekend". The Tulsa Tribune. February 8, 1956. p. 14. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
88. ^ Alexander, John T. (February 18, 1958). "Wright on the Oklahoma Prairie". The Kansas City Times. p. 26. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
89. ^ Evans, Murray (April 15, 2007). "Price of Fame Bartlesville, Okla., Tower Designed by Wright is Named Historic Landmark". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. p. F-3. ISSN 2692-6903. ProQuest 390672275.
90. ^ Wilson, Riley (February 5, 1956). "Newsmen Get Look Inside Price Tower". Tulsa World. pp. 15, 17. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
91. ^ King, Keith K. (April 29, 1956). "Price Tower May Have Deep Effect on Architectural Plans". The Norman Transcript. p. 20. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
92. Gable, Mona (June 18, 1985). "The Gallery: An Oil Man's Pipeline Into the Art World". The Wall Street Journal. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398003689.
93. ^ "On Parade". The Cushing Daily Citizen. May 7, 1956. pp. 1, 5. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
94. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 7.
95. ^ Foresman, John B. (February 24, 1956). "Office Tower Stabs Oklahoma Prairie: Four Quadrants". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 16. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 509393202.
96. "Two Firms Moving Offices to Price Tower". Bartlesville Record. June 21, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
97. "Dr. Glen Floyd to Open Office in Price Tower". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. August 31, 1958. p. 10. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
98. "Price Tower Art Center in Bartlesville seeks tenant information". Journal Record. May 30, 2006. p. 1. ProQuest 259472277.
99. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 12.
100. Huxtable, Ada Louise (February 8, 1970). "Architecture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
101. ^ DeLong 1982, p. 82.
102. ^ "Sundial Creating Stir in Bartlesville". The Daily Oklahoman. December 17, 1961. p. 109. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Sun Dial at Price Tower Honors Famed Architect". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. November 10, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
103. "Column One". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. December 27, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
104. National Park Service 2007, p. 20.
105. ^ Austerman, Lisa (December 6, 1998). "Price Tower, Phillips Home Exemplify Bartlesville History". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 97. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
106. ^ Salant, Katherine (June 14, 2013). "Oklahoma's intriguing Price Tower". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 1367638405. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
107. "PSC Buys Space at Bartlesville". Tulsa World. August 2, 1968. p. 9. Retrieved December 17, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
108. Leslie, Frank (November 12, 1967). "Decoration Is Result of Safari". Tulsa World. p. 52. Retrieved December 17, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
109. Bachelder, Don (February 27, 1972). "Business World". Tulsa World. pp. C-1, C-6. Retrieved December 17, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
110. ^ "Price Tower in Bartlesville Honored". Tulsa World. May 29, 1983. p. 80. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
111. "Bartlesville Plans Wright-Drawn $10.5 Community Center". Sapulpa Daily Herald. United Press International. September 14, 1978. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
112. Olten, Carol (July 16, 1984). "A lasting testament to the spirit of Frank Lloyd Wright". Standard-Speaker. Copley News Service. p. 27. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
113. ^ National Park Service 2007, pp. 6–7.
114. ^ "Design wins award for withstanding the test of time". The Arizona Republic. April 3, 1983. p. 142. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
115. ^ Hart, Paul (December 18, 1980). "Phillips Buys Price Tower". Tulsa World. p. 86. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
116. ^ "Philips to Purchase Bartlesville's Price Tower". The Daily Oklahoman. December 18, 1980. p. 75. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
117. ^ Nelson, Mary Jo (October 2, 1983). "Phillips Restores Old Railroad Depot as Gift to Bartlesville". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 31. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
118. ^ Vandewater, Bob (May 3, 1981). "Philips Reported Purchase Cost for Price Tower $2.5 Million". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 50. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
119. Broyles, Gil (December 13, 1984). "Bartlesville fights 'Panhandle stranger'". Sapulpa Daily Herald. Associated Press. p. 3. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
120. "Phillips to Add Two New Buildings to Bartlesville Headquarters". Okmulgee Daily Times. September 22, 1983. p. 9. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
121. ^ Boyd, Danny M. (October 10, 1998). "Bad News Is Old News for Bartlesville". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
122. "Price Tower for Sale". Tulsa World. November 17, 1995. p. 21. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
123. ^ Nelson, Mary Jo (March 4, 1984). "New Use for Price Tower". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
124. Sare, John (December 26, 1985). "Prevention of takeover leaves town economically shaken". The Oregonian. p. 51. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
125. Dupré, Judith (1996). Skyscrapers. Black Dog & Leventhal. p. 49. ISBN 1-884822-45-2.
126. ^ Vandewater, Bob (August 16, 1998). "Phillips to Give Tower to Group". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 44. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
127. ^ Klein, John (June 5, 1990). "Inside and Out, the Wright Stuff". Tulsa World. p. 17. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
128. Klein, John (October 21, 1990). "Bartlesville Museum Celebrates Genius of da Vinci". Tulsa World. p. 108. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
129. Kurt, Kelly (October 9, 1998). "Worries surface with Phillips, Ultramar deal". Journal Record. Associated Press. p. 1. ProQuest 259310608.
130. ^ Summers, Laura (May 29, 1996). "Group to Begin Raising Funds for Price Tower". Tulsa World. p. 11. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
131. Simmons, Jean (December 31, 1995). "Museum, Lodge, Preserve Part of Phillips Legacy". The Salt Lake Tribune. p. 105. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
132. "New Roof". Tulsa World. December 8, 1994. p. 31. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
133. "Properties to Be Sold". Tulsa World. April 18, 1995. p. 14. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
134. "FYI Business". Tulsa World. February 1, 1996. p. 35. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com; Johnson, James (January 31, 1996). "Museum Hopes to Purchase Tower". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 14. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
135. ^ "Drive to Preserve Wright Building". Telegraph-Forum. Associated Press. June 18, 1996. p. 8. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
136. ^ Summers, Laura (August 15, 1998). "Phillips plans to deed Price Tower to group". Tulsa World. pp. A17, A20. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
137. "Phillips, nonprofit sign Price Tower agreement". Journal Record. August 17, 1998. p. 1. ProQuest 259379679; "Phillips to Turn Over Price Tower to Group". Okmulgee Daily Times. Associated Press. August 15, 1998. p. 2. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
138. Diehl, Don (October 13, 1999). "Bartlesville landmark gets face-lift". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1A, 8A. Retrieved December 14, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
139. Summers, Laura (June 6, 1999). "Architect lives again in studio". Tulsa World. p. 21. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
140. ^ Davis, Kirby Lee (October 6, 2006). "Silases receive Wright Spirit awards: Honors mark efforts to preserve Bartlesville's Price Tower". Journal Record. p. 1. ProQuest 259584688.
141. ^ Singrey, Abigail (August 16, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's Only Skyscraper Sold for $10 in 2023 and Has Been Embroiled in Controversy Ever Since". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
142. ^ Sharoff, Robert (April 29, 2014). "A Corporate Paean to Frank Lloyd Wright". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
143. ^ Droege, Tom (February 2, 2003). "Wright idea". Tulsa World. pp. E1, E7. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
144. "Phillips donates Price Tower to museum". The Daily Oklahoman. June 1, 2001. p. 3. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
145. ^ "Wright's only skyscraper to open as luxury hotel". Times-Colonist. July 27, 2002. p. D4. ProQuest 345857833.
146. Watts, James D. Jr. (February 9, 2001). "An Oklahoma treasure reopens". Tulsa World. pp. 72, 73. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
147. ^ Colavita, Courtney (May 23, 2003). "Checking In With The Latest Hotels". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 185, no. 105. p. 16. ProQuest 1434236738.
148. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (January 17, 2003). "A tree grows in Bartlesville". Tulsa World. pp. 3, 15. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
149. ^ Dillon 2003, p. 124.
150. ^ Summers, Laura (July 6, 2002). "Tower has the Wright stuff for tourism". Tulsa World. pp. A13, A16. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
151. ^ Schmertz, Mildred F. (June 1, 2003). "AD Hotels: Inn at Price Tower". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
152. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (September 29, 2002). "Renowned architect Zaha Hadid selected to design Bartlesville museum". Tulsa World. pp. H1, H4. Retrieved December 14, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
153. ^ Lerner, Kevin (June 2003). "Zaha Hadid develops design for museum adjacent to Wright's Price Tower" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 191, no. 6. p. 30. ProQuest 222112758.
154. ^ Bussel, Abby (July 2003). "Zaha Hadid Architects; Price Tower Arts Center; Bartlesville, Oklahoma". Architecture: the AIA journal. Vol. 92, no. 7. p. 35. ProQuest 227819212.
155. ^ Holtzman, Anna (November 2002). "Rooms at the Wright Price". Architecture: The AIA Journal. Vol. 91, no. 11. p. 17. ProQuest 227884738.
156. de Monchaux, Thomas (2007). "A Hard and Lifeless Matter: Notes on Zaha Hadid at the Guggenheim". Log (9): 101–109. ISSN 1547-4690.
157. Bailey, Spencer (March 31, 2016). "Legends: Zaha Hadid – SURFACE". SURFACE. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
158. Summers, Laura (May 9, 2004). "Price Tower sculpture garden, plaza preview set for today". Tulsa World. p. 22. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
159. ^ Knadler, Jessie (October 22, 2005). "Picks — Preservation: Design; As some Frank Lloyd Wright buildings become fixer-uppers, new exhibits show the architect's legacy". The Wall Street Journal. p. 2. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398927626.
160. ^ Bleyer, Bill (February 4, 2007). "This refurbished skyscraper has all the Wright stuff". Newsday. p. 117. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
161. Watts, James D. (October 8, 2006). "The Price is Wright". Tulsa World. pp. H3, H5. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
162. "Price Tower Arts Center receives preservation grant". Tulsa World. May 28, 2004. p. 15. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
163. Summers, Laura (June 30, 2007). "Architect moving into Price Tower". Tulsa World. p. 56. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
164. Morgan, Chris Brawley (June 17, 2006). "The Price is Wright". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1B, 8B. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
165. "Price Tower in Bartlesville closes Copper Restaurant". Journal Record. February 24, 2009. ProQuest 259509716; Summers, Laura (February 24, 2009). "Restaurant closing in Price Tower". Tulsa World. p. 36. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
166. Chancellor, Jennifer (May 13, 2011). "Economy prompts changes at center". Tulsa World. p. 41. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
167. ^ Klein, John (October 14, 2018). "Towering success". Tulsa World. pp. 13, 17. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
168. Klein, John (September 26, 2016). "Linked Wright architecture". Tulsa World. pp. A9, A11. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
169. McDonnell, Brandy (August 31, 2017). "Bartlesville's Price Tower Arts Center awarded Oklahoma's first Keeping It Modern Award from Getty Foundation". The Oklahoman. Retrieved December 20, 2024; Walker, Kelsey (August 21, 2017). "GETTY FOUNDATION: Price Tower receives Keeping It Modern grant". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
170. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (June 7, 2018). "Price Tower wins grant for preservation plan to keep landmark Frank Lloyd Wright skyscraper in optimum condition". Tulsa World. pp. A11, A13. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
171. "Architect to assess Price Tower". The Journal Record. June 2, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2024; Trotter, Matt (June 6, 2018). "Preservationists Coming Up With Plan to Keep Price Tower Open for Decades to Come". Public Radio Tulsa. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
172. Hughes, Amber (November 23, 2019). "Preservation assessment underway at Bartlesville's Price Tower". FOX23 News. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
173. "Frank Lloyd Wright designed Price Tower in Bartlesville is struggling". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. May 3, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
174. ^ Morgan, Rhett (March 2, 2023). "Price Tower gets new owner". Tulsa World. pp. A9. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
175. "Historic Price Tower In Downtown Bartlesville Under New Ownership". Breaking News in Oklahoma City, OK. March 3, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
176. ^ Goukassian, Elena (August 22, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper will go up for auction in October". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
177. ^ Dossett, Andy (March 25, 2023). "Price Tower sold the for the debt, $10 and a promise". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
178. ^ Goukassian, Elena (October 25, 2024). "Fate of Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper remains uncertain amid duelling lawsuits". The Art Newspaper – International art news and events. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
179. ^ Carlisle, Candace (October 3, 2024). "Former singer who owns a Frank Lloyd Wright building seeks her real estate finale". CoStar. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
180. ^ Dossett, Andy (May 3, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright Conservancy leaders express concern over Price Tower woes". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via Yahoo News.
181. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (December 20, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright preservation group opposes sale of Price Tower artifacts". Tulsa World. pp. A1, A8. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
182. ^ Aguiar, Annie (September 30, 2024). "The Plan to Save Frank Lloyd Wright's Only Skyscraper Isn't Going as Planned". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
183. Chapman, J. David (August 29, 2024). "Lot Lines: The auctioning of an icon". The Journal Record. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
184. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (November 17, 2024). "Price Tower pulled from sale". Tulsa World. pp. A15, A17. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
185. "Owner Of Price Tower Clearing Up Rumors About Selling Some Of The Tower's Artifacts". Breaking News in Tulsa, Oklahoma. July 12, 2024. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
186. ^ Cassady, Daniel (August 20, 2024). "Saddled with $2 M. in Debt, Price Tower, the Only Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Skyscraper, Is Up For Sale Again". ARTnews. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
187. ^ Dossett, Andy (September 27, 2024). "McFarlin Building sues Price Tower owners, seeks $1.4M sale completion". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Myers, Brodie (November 21, 2024). "Court filings outline abandoned deal to sell Price Tower to Mayo Hotel owners". 2 News Oklahoma KJRH Tulsa. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Coyle, Bailey (November 22, 2024). "Lawsuit between current Price Tower owner, McFarlin Building Company continues". FOX23 News. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
188. ^ Hickman, Matt (August 16, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower in Oklahoma to Close Amid Controversy". Architectural Record. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
189. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (August 13, 2024). "Bartlesville's iconic Price Tower closes amid financial troubles". Tulsa World. pp. A1, A9. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
190. Myers, Brodie (August 10, 2024). "Price Tower Closing: Bartlesville's iconic skyscraper set to close". 2 News Oklahoma KJRH Tulsa. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Boblitt, Zach (August 12, 2024). "Price Tower closes its doors in September". Public Radio Tulsa. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
191. ^ Martin, Morgan (August 14, 2024). "Tenants of Bartlesville's Price Tower given 30 days to move out". FOX23 News. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
192. Dossett, Andy (August 22, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper starts auction at $600k". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
193. ^ Roche, Daniel Jonas (August 19, 2024). "Controversy swirls around Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower in Bartlesville, Oklahoma". The Architect's Newspaper. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
194. Sharfman, Alexandra (August 13, 2024). "Visit Bartlesville highlights Price Tower's significance amidst closure". KTUL. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
195. ^ Watts, James D. Jr. (October 4, 2024). "Price Tower auction postponed at request of Bartlesville landmark's owner". Tulsa World. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
196. Coyle, Bailey (October 4, 2024). "Auction of Bartlesville's Price Tower on hold amid lawsuit". FOX23 News. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
197. Aguiar, Annie (October 22, 2024). "Owner of Frank Lloyd Wright Skyscraper Sues Preservation Group". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 23, 2024; Coyle, Bailey (October 25, 2024). "Owner of Bartlesville's Price Tower suing Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy". FOX23 News. Retrieved December 15, 2024; "Price Tower Owners Sue Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy". Bartlesville Radio. October 23, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
198. Whiddington, Richard (November 18, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright Skyscraper Sale Hits Another Snag". Artnet News. Retrieved December 13, 2024; Boblitt, Zach; Caldwell, Elizabeth (November 17, 2024). "Price Tower auction canceled again". Public Radio Tulsa. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
199. Eberhardt, Ellen (December 13, 2024). "Legal battle to 'defend integrity' of Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper". Dezeen. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Coyle, Bailey (December 13, 2024). "Conservancy claims easement still valid in legal response to Price Tower owner's lawsuit". FOX23 News. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
200. "Oklahoma's Price Tower faces further financial turmoil". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. December 17, 2024. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
201. ^ "Dedication of Price Tower to Be at 10 a.m. Friday". Bartlesville Record. February 9, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
202. ^ Storrer 1993, pp. 378–379.
203. ^ Kahn, Eve M. (December 19, 2002). "Currents: Architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright's Quirky Oklahoma Tower Turns Into a Quirky Hotel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
204. Cooper, Amanda (November 19, 2006). "Iconic Wright Works Sag as Time Goes By". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
205. "S. C. Johnson Research Tower – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
206. ^ "Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower Wins AIA Twenty-five Year Award" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 171. April 1983. p. 83.
207. ^ Howell, Melissa (June 12, 2013). "The Inn at Price Tower". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 102, 103. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
208. Scott, James (June 4, 1956). "Copper Uses Gain: New Outlets Are Found In Construction Field". The Globe and Mail. p. 31. ProQuest 1289220613.
209. ^ "Big surprises in small Oklahoma city". The Columbus Dispatch. July 24, 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
210. ^ Architectural Forum 1956, p. 112.
211. ^ "Tower to provide office, living space". Engineering News-Record. Vol. 150, no. 23. June 4, 1953. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
212. ^ "Oklahoma Gets a Big One". The Washington Post and Times Herald. May 8, 1955. p. G13. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 148571480.
213. ^ Williams, Rainey Heard (March 30, 1956). "Wright-Designed Building Towers 19 Stories Over Oklahoma Community: Interior Is Divided Into Quadrants". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 13. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 509385811.
214. Hoffmann 1998, p. 80.
215. ^ Sheets, Nan (May 29, 1955). "Art". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 81. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
216. ^ Newman, Michelle (September 4, 2016). "Spend the night in a Frank Lloyd Wright masterpiece". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
217. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 18.
218. "Unique Building Finished". The Tulsa Tribune. February 3, 1956. p. 29. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
219. ^ "REAL ESTATE: Prairie Skyscraper". Time. May 25, 1953. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
220. ^ Architectural Forum 1956, p. 111.
221. ^ McCarter 1997, p. 200.
222. "Roof Supports Lighter Walls For Flexibility". The Christian Science Monitor. June 5, 1953. p. 17. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 508791753.
223. ^ Louchheim, Aline B. (May 26, 1953). "Wright Analyzes Architect's Need; Philosophy, Not Esthetics, Is a 'Must' Now, He Holds -His Show Opens Tomorrow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
224. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 8.
225. National Park Service 2007, pp. 8–9.
226. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 13.
227. ^ Davis, Kirby Lee (March 18, 2010). "These Walls: Price Tower Arts Center". The Journal Record. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
228. ^ DeLong 1982, p. 80.
229. Klein, John (June 5, 1990). "Inside and Out, the Wright Stuff". Tulsa World. p. 17. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
230. ^ Kamin, Blair (February 18, 2004). "A night with Wright". Chicago Tribune. pp. 2.1, 2.6. ISSN 1085-6706. ProQuest 419910723. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
231. ^ Winnerman, Jim (April 27, 2008). "Wright's 'tree that escaped the forest' entices guests". St. Louis Post – Dispatch. p. T.5. ProQuest 403157145.
232. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 10.
233. Goldberger, Paul (December 3, 1982). "Met Celebrates Houses Wright Built". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
234. Solis-Cohen, Lita (June 26, 1988). "Frank Lloyd Wright market still red hot". Staten Island Advance. p. 90. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
235. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 11.
236. Nelson, Mary Jo (July 6, 1986). "Bartlesville Rich in Architecture of Master Wright". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 53, 54. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
237. Reif, Rita (June 9, 1989). "Auctions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
238. "Price Tower". Exploring Art. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
239. Progressive Architecture 1956, p. 89.
240. ^ Ruth, Kent (July 20, 1980). "Price Tower inspiration for new center". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 174. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
241. Perkins 2008, p. 75.
242. National Park Service 2007, pp. 11–12.
243. ^ National Park Service 2007, p. 9.
244. Richardson, Lu (October 6, 2002). "Bartlesville's fascinating history". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 96. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
245. "Inn at Price Tower". Condé Nast Traveler. August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
246. Schmertz, Mildred F. (June 1, 2003). "AD Hotels: Inn at Price Tower". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
247. Schmertz, Mildred F. (June 1, 2003). "AD Hotels: Inn at Price Tower". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
248. ^ National Park Service 2007, pp. 12–13.
249. ^ McPeters, Susan (January 2, 2005). "Out on a limb with Frank Lloyd Wright". The Rock Island Argus. p. 68. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
250. ^ Dillon 2003, p. 122.
251. ^ Kellogg, Craig (July 2003). "Full-time job". Interior Design. Vol. 74, no. 9. p. 174. ProQuest 234942313.
252. DeLong 1982, pp. 80–81.
253. Perkins 2008, p. 76.
254. "Visitor Information". Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2008. Price Tower Arts Center: Visitor Info
255. Nichols, Max (July 28, 2013). "1950s era celebrated in state exhibits". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 51. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
256. ^ Klein, John (July 2, 2017). "Celebrating Frank Lloyd Wright at Price Tower". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 20. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
257. "Inn at Price Tower, a Historic Hotels of America member". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
258. "The 2021 Top 25 Historic Hotels of America Most Magnificent Art Collections Announced". historichotels.org. Washington, D.C.: Historic Hotels of America. May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
259. "Harry's Column". Bartlesville Record. June 5, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
260. "Harry's Column". Bartlesville Record. October 6, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
261. "Tower Ceremony Will Be Held". The Oklahoma Daily. February 11, 1956. p. 3. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
262. "Cool Yule Frantic 1st". The Enid Daily Eagle. December 30, 1955. p. 16. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
263. "Modern 'Tower' Changes Sky-line of Bartlesville". The North Star News. February 16, 1956. p. 7. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
264. "Wright, Price Tower Win Praise of Eastern Author". Bartlesville Record. June 26, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
265. Morris, Philip (April 12, 1965). "Vici (Pop. 601) High Point of Briton's U.S. Trek". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 40. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
266. "The Night Writer". Bartlesville Morning Examiner. July 19, 1957. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
267. "Price Tower, Pipeline Firm's New Home, Widely Hailed". Tulsa World. May 14, 1959. p. 76. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
268. "Price Tower Pictures to Be Shown Abroad". Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise. January 22, 1958. p. 5. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
269. Stern, Walter H. (April 12, 1959). "Dramatic Buildings Are Legacy of Frank Lloyd Wright". The New York Times. pp. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 114731285.
270. Nelson, Mary Jo (March 1, 1987). "Bavinger Bowl Home Wins Architects' Highest Honor". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
271. "State's Best Withstand Test of Ages". Tulsa World. October 23, 1983. p. 39. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
272. Nelson, Mary Jo (October 7, 1984). "Everyone's Watching Tulsa Mid-Continent". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
273. DeLong 1982, pp. 79–80.
274. "Books in Brief..." Tulsa World. December 6, 1981. p. 126. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
275. Kay, Jane Holtz (January 7, 1983). "The isolation of Frank Lloyd Wright's 'complete works of art'". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 15. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 1037992378.
276. Nichols, Frederick D. (October 2, 1956). "Architectural Principles Well Illustrated". The Richmond News Leader. p. 15. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
277. Architectural Record 1956, p. 157.
278. "Prairie skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower". Reference and Research Book News. Vol. 22, no. 2. May 2007. ProQuest 199612518.
279. Quinan, J. (June 2015). "Frank Lloyd Wright: preservation, design, and adding to iconic buildings". Choice. Vol. 52, no. 10. pp. 1645–1646. ProQuest 1683725685.
280. Watts, James D. Jr. (November 22, 2009). "Architecture that goes POP!". Tulsa World. p. 73. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
281. "U.S. Approves Grants for State". The Daily Oklahoman. October 7, 1974. p. 44. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
282. Klein, John (November 22, 1991). "Historic Bartlesville Proposal Pushed". Tulsa World. p. 8. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
283. "Historic landmark named in Oklahoma". NBC News. April 9, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
284. "DOI Secretary Kempthorne Selects New US World Heritage Tentative List". nps.gov. January 22, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
285. Summers, Laura (July 14, 2011). "Price Tower among U.N. heritage list nominees". Tulsa World. p. 18. Retrieved December 14, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
286. Edelson, Zachary (February 2, 2015). "Ten Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings Nominated for UNESCO Distinction". Metropolis. Archived from the original on November 28, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024; Winston, Anna (February 3, 2015). "Frank Lloyd Wright buildings nominated for UNESCO World Heritage List". Dezeen. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
287. Kamin, Blair (July 20, 2016). "Frank Lloyd Wright sites don't make cut for UN World Heritage List". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2024; Guarino, Ben (July 20, 2016). "UNESCO adds 21 new World Heritage sites, but Frank Lloyd Wright buildings don't make the cut". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
288. ^ Kamin, Blair (July 7, 2019). "Column: Why the addition of Frank Lloyd Wright buildings to World Heritage List is a big deal". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
289. "Eight Buildings Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Nominated to the UNESCO World Heritage List". Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. December 20, 2018.
290. Tareen, Sophia (July 8, 2019). "Guggenheim Museum Added to UNESCO World Heritage List". NBC New York. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
291. "Price Tower Model Now on Display Here". Bartlesville Record. December 25, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
292. "Frank Lloyd Wright Show Opens". New York Herald Tribune. October 23, 1953. p. 19. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1322356016; "Frank Lloyd Wright, Famed Architect..." The Capital Times. October 23, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
293. "Architects Here Join to Sponsor Wright Exhibition". Santa Barbara News-Press. May 16, 1954. p. 14. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "Frank Lloyd Wright's Work Set for Display". The Register. May 23, 1954. p. 25. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
294. "The modern meets the master" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 75, no. 4. April 1994. p. 15. ProQuest 197313556; Wallach, Amei (February 23, 1994). "Getting It All Wright This Time". Newsday. pp. 53, 57. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
295. Hine, Thomas (February 10, 1991). "Wright Stuff: Furniture He Created for His Buildings". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. 1F, 6F. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
296. Kim-Jamet, Sheila (October 2006). "The Wright Stuff". Interior Design. Vol. 76, no. 12. p. 47. ProQuest 234956796; Watts, James D. Jr. (October 16, 2005). "Tower Power". Tulsa World. p. 97. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
297. Watts, James D. (February 10, 2005). "Price Tower, Tulsa shop celebrate Wright legacy". Tulsa World. p. 38. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
298. Mize, Richard (April 9, 2004). "Not quite Wright". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1B, 2B. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
299. Citizens Bank Tower (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. March 8, 2010. p. 9. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
300. Monticello, Harriet (January 26, 1984). "Doing it Wright". Detroit Free Press. p. 30. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
301. Powers, William F. (July 4, 1992). "Frank Lloyd Wright's Dream Deferred in District". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
302. Lowry, Patricia (October 28, 1990). "Wright design brings new angle to Mount Washington apartments". The Pittsburgh Press. pp. F1, F6. Retrieved December 19, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
303. Kirsch, Robert R. (December 15, 1957). "Frank Lloyd Wright Builds Towering Ideas to Accompany His Life's Work". Los Angeles Times. p. 120. Retrieved December 16, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
304. Goldberger, Paul (April 15, 1979). "Architecture View: Frank Lloyd Wright-- Twenty Years After His Death". The New York Times. pp. D25. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 120907900.
305. Watts, James D. Jr. (November 1, 2015). "Museum moves Frank Lloyd Wright house". Tulsa World. pp. D1, D7. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
306. "The lowdown on Jim Gross' high-rise". Business, North Carolina. Vol. 18, no. 7. July 1, 1998. p. 14. ProQuest 217795811.
307. Gapp, Paul (September 22, 1991). "A brawny Chicagoan Design of Morton International building accomplishes daring feats". Chicago Tribune. p. 20. ISSN 1085-6706. ProQuest 283089359.
308. ^ Perkins 2008, p. 37.
309. "Carolyn and Harold Price Jr. House". Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. October 14, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
310. ^ "Harold Price, Jr. House (1954)". Frank Lloyd Wright Sites. December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
311. "Westhope, the iconic Tulsa home built by Frank Lloyd Wright, now up for sale". Grace Wood, Tulsa World, April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
312. "Frank Lloyd Wright House in Arizona Sold". The New York Times. June 7, 1964. pp. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 115820645.
313. ^ Fink, Jerry (March 19, 1981). "Bartlesville Center a Theater in the Round". Tulsa World. p. 20. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com; Allen, Robert B. (May 24, 1981). "Community Center an Attention Getter". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 11. Retrieved December 18, 2024 – via newspapers.com.

Sources

• DeLong, David G. (July 1982). "A Tower Expressive of Unique Interiors" (PDF). Architecture: the AIA journal. Vol. 71. pp. 78–83.
• Dillon, David (July 2003). "Wendy Evans Joseph turns an iconic work by Frank Lloyd Wright into THE INN AT PRICE TOWER with no edginess lost" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 191, no. 7. pp. 118–125. ProQuest 222169048.
• "Frank Lloyd Wright After 36 years, his tower is completed" (PDF). Architectural Forum. Vol. 101, no. 2. February 1956.
• "Frank Lloyd Wright's Concrete and Copper Skyscraper on the Prairie for H.C. Price Co" (PDF). Architectural Forum. Vol. 98, no. 5. May 1953.
• "The H. C. Price Tower" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 119, no. 2. February 1956.
• Hoffmann, Donald (January 1, 1998). Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, and the Skyscraper. Mineola, N.Y: Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-40209-3.
• McCarter, Robert (1997). Frank Lloyd Wright. London: Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-7148-3148-0.
• Perkins, Scott W. (2008). Building Bartlesville: 1945–2000. Images of America. Arcadia Pub. ISBN 978-0-7385-5051-0.
• Price Tower National Historic Landmark Nomination (PDF) (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. March 29, 2007.
• Storrer, William Allin (1993). The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77624-8.
• "Wright Completes Skyscraper" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 37, no. 2. February 1956.

Further reading

• Alofsin, Anthony (2005). Prairie Skyscraper. Bartlesville, OK : New York: Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN 978-0-8478-2788-6. OCLC 61176845.
• Futagawa, Yukio; Pawley, Martin (1970). Frank Lloyd Wright. 1: Public buildings. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-58001-1.
• Kirschner, Pamela (2006). Mid-century Frank Lloyd Wright: Preserving the Price Tower and Gordon House interiors (PDF) (Report). Wooden Artifacts Group. pp. 93–113.
• Price Tower (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. September 13, 1974.
• Wright, Frank Lloyd; Walker, Donald D. (1956). The story of the Tower; the tree that escaped the crowded forest. New York: Horizon Press. OCLC 513848.

External links

• Official website
• Travel Oklahoma: Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower & Arts Center – official State of Oklahoma website

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Oklahoma
Bartlesville	Bartlesville Downtown Historic District House at 1554 SW Rogers LaQuinta Nellie Johnstone No. 1 Old Washington County Courthouse Phillips House Price Tower Washington County Memorial Hospital
Dewey	C.A. Comer House Dewey Hotel
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Oklahoma and List of National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma

v t e Frank Lloyd Wright
List of works
Private houses	Adams, M. Adams, W. and J. Adelman Affleck Allen–Lambe Alsop Arnold Bach Bachman–Wilson Baird Baker Balch Baldwin Barton Bazett Beachy Becker Blair Blossom Bogk Boulter Boynton Bradley Brandes Broad Margin Brown Buehler Bulbulian Charnley Cheney Christie Cooke Coonley Copeland Crimson Beech Dana–Thomas Davidson Davis DeRhodes Dobkins Ennis Fabyan Fallingwater Fawcett Forest Foster Fountainhead Freeman Fredrick Fricke Friedman Fukuhara G. Furbeck R. Furbeck Gale, L. Gale, T. Gale, W. Gerts Gilmore Gillin Glasner Goetsch–Winckler Gordon Grant Graycliff Gridley Hanna–Honeycomb Hardy Haynes Heath Heller Henderson Heurtley Hickox Hills Hoffman Hollyhock Jacobs I Jacobs II Johnson Jones Kalil Keland Kentuck Knob Keys Kinney Kraus Lamberson Lamp Laurent Levin Lewis Lewis, L. Manson Marden D. D. Martin W. E. Martin May McBean McCarthy Millard Miller Millard, G. Moore Mosher Mossberg Murphy Neils Olfelt Palmer Pappas Parker Pauson Penfield Peterson Cottage Pew Pope–Leighey Rayward Rebhuhn Reisley Richardson Roberts Robie Roloson Rosenbaum Rudin Samara Sander Schaberg Schwartz Serlin Shavin Smith, G. W. Smith, M. Smith, R. Sondem Spencer Staley Stockman Storer Stromquist Sturges Sullivan Sunday Sutton Sweeton Tan-Y-Deri Thaxton Thomas Tomek Tonkens Tracy Trier Turkel Wall Walker Walser Walter Westcott Westhope Weltzheimer Willey Williams Willits Wingspread Winslow Woolley Wright, D. and G. Wright, D. and J. Wright, R. Wynant Yamamura Young Zeigler Zimmerman
Housing systems	American System-Built Homes Erdman Prefab Houses Fireproof House for $5000 Galesburg Country Homes Ravine Bluffs Development Suntop Homes Usonia Homes Textile block house
Other	Anderton Court Shops Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church Arizona Biltmore Hotel Auldbrass Plantation Banff National Park Pavilion Beth Sholom Synagogue Child of the Sun at Florida Southern College Community Christian Church Como Orchard Summer Colony Coonley School Playhouse E-Z Polish Factory Eddie's House Fasbender Medical Clinic German Warehouse Guggenheim Museum Hillside Home School I Hillside Home School II Hoffman Auto Showroom Horse Show Fountain Humphreys Theater Imperial Hotel Jiyu Gakuen Girls' School Johnson Wax Headquarters Kundert Medical Clinic Lake Mendota Boathouse Lamp Cottage Larkin Administration Building Lawrence Memorial Library (Springfield, Illinois) Lindholm Service Station Lockridge Medical Clinic Marin County Civic Center Midway Barn Midway Gardens Riverview Terrace Restaurant Roberts Stable Rookery Building Romeo and Juliet Windmill Park Inn Hotel Pettit Chapel Pilgrim Congregational Church Price Tower Frank L. Smith Bank Teater Studio Unitarian Society Meeting House Unity Chapel Unity Temple V. C. Morris Gift Shop Waller Apartments Wyoming Valley School
Posthumous	Blue Sky Mausoleum Gammage Memorial Auditorium King Kamehameha Golf Course Clubhouse Massaro House Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center Sharp Family Tourism and Education Center
Unbuilt	Broadacre City Crystal Heights Gordon Strong Automobile Objective The Illinois Plan for Greater Baghdad Point Park Civic Center
Personal homes	Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Taliesin Taliesin West
Related	Taliesin Associated Architects Wasmuth Portfolio Prairie School Wright Building Conservancy Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District UNESCO World Heritage Site Usonia
People	Olgivanna Lloyd Wright (3rd wife) Lloyd Wright (son) John Lloyd Wright (son) Anne Baxter (granddaughter) Eric Lloyd Wright (grandson) Maginel Wright Enright (sister) Richard Bock (associate) Mamah Borthwick (client and lover) Marion Griffin (associate) Walter Burley Griffin (associate) George Mann Niedecken Jaroslav Josef Polívka (associate)
Popular culture	The Last Wright: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Park Inn Hotel Shining Brow Loving Frank "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright" Work Song: Three Views of Frank Lloyd Wright The Women The Wright 3
Commons Wikinews Wikiquote

• 1950s architecture in the United States
• 1956 establishments in Oklahoma
• Art museums and galleries in Oklahoma
• Bartlesville, Oklahoma
• Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
• Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
• Hotels in Oklahoma
• Modernist architecture in Oklahoma
• Museums in Washington County, Oklahoma
• National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma
• National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Oklahoma
• Office buildings completed in 1956
• Residential skyscrapers in Oklahoma