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Santiago de Compostela
Municipality
CathedralHostal dos Reis CatólicosPraterías squareSan Martiño PinarioPazo de Raxoi
FlagCoat of arms
Location of Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de CompostelaShow map of GaliciaSantiago de CompostelaShow map of Spain
Coordinates: 42°52′40″N 8°32′40″W / 42.87778°N 8.54444°W / 42.87778; -8.54444
Country	Spain
Autonomous Community	Galicia
Province	A Coruña
Parishes	30 Aríns Bando A Barciela Busto O Carballal O Castiñeiriño Cesar Conxo O Eixo A Enfesta Fecha Figueiras Fontiñas Grixoa Laraño Marantes Marrozos Nemenzo A Peregrina Sabugueira San Caetano San Lázaro San Paio Santa Cristina de Fecha Santiago de Compostela Sar Verdía Vidán Villestro Vista Alegre
Government
• Type	Mayor–council
• Body	Council of Santiago
• Mayor	Goretti Sanmartín (BNG)
Area
• Municipality	220 km (80 sq mi)
Elevation	260 m (850 ft)
Population
• Municipality	97,849
• Density	440/km (1,200/sq mi)
• Metro	183,855
Demonyms	Santiagan santiagués, -guesa  (gl / es) compostelán, -á  (gl) compostelano, -na  (es)
Time zone	CET (GMT +1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (GMT +2)
Area code	+34
Website	santiagodecompostela.gal

Santiago de Compostela, simply Santiago, or Compostela, in the province of A Coruña, is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St. James, a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century. In 1985, the city's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Santiago de Compostela has a very mild climate for its latitude with heavy winter rainfall courtesy of its relative proximity to the prevailing winds from Atlantic low-pressure systems.

Toponym

According to Richard Fletcher scholars now agree that the origin of the name Compostela comes from the Latin compositum tella, meaning a well-ordered burial ground, possibly referring to an ancient burial ground on the site of the Church of Santiago de Compostela that pre-dates the Christian building.

Santiago is the local Galician evolution of Vulgar Latin Sanctus Iacobus "Saint James". According to folk etymology Compostela derives from the Latin: Campus Stellae ('field of the star').

City

According to a medieval legend, the remains of the apostle James, son of Zebedee were brought to Galicia for burial, where they were lost. Eight hundred years later the light of a bright star guided a shepherd, Pelagius the Hermit, who was watching his flock at night to the burial site in Santiago de Compostela. This site was originally called Mount Libredon [gl] and its physical topography leads prevalent seaborne winds to clear the cloud deck immediately overhead. The shepherd quickly reported his discovery to the bishop of Iria, Theodemir. The bishop declared that the remains were those of the apostle James and immediately notified King Alfonso II in Oviedo. To honour St. James, the cathedral was built on the spot where his remains were said to have been found. The legend, which included numerous miraculous events, enabled the Catholic faithful to bolster support for their stronghold in northern Spain during the Christian crusades against the Moors, but also led to the growth and development of the city.

Along the western side of the Praza do Obradoiro is the elegant 18th-century Pazo de Raxoi, now the city hall. Across the square is the Pazo de Raxoi (Raxoi's Palace), the town hall, and on the right from the cathedral steps is the Hostal dos Reis Católicos, founded in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon, as a pilgrims' hospice (now a Parador). The Obradoiro façade of the cathedral, the best known, is depicted on the Spanish euro coins of 1 cent, 2 cents, and 5 cents (€0.01, €0.02, and €0.05).

Santiago is the site of the University of Santiago de Compostela, established in the early 16th century. The main campus can be seen best from an alcove in the large municipal park in the centre of the city.

Within the old town there are many narrow winding streets full of historic buildings. The new town all around it has less character though some of the older parts of the new town have some big flats in them.

Santiago de Compostela has a substantial nightlife. Both in the new town (a zona nova in Galician, la zona nueva in Spanish or ensanche) and the old town (Galician: a zona vella, Spanish: la zona vieja, trade-branded as zona monumental), a mix of middle-aged residents and younger students maintain a lively presence until the early hours of the morning. Radiating from the centre of the city, the historic cathedral is surrounded by paved granite streets, tucked away in the old town, and separated from the newer part of the city by the largest of many parks throughout the city, Parque da Alameda.

Santiago gives its name to one of the four military orders of Spain: Santiago, Calatrava, Alcántara and Montesa.

One of the most important economic centres in Galicia, Santiago is the seat for organisations like Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Santiago de Compostela has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with mild to warm and somewhat dry summers and mild, wet winters. The prevailing winds from the Atlantic and the surrounding mountains combine to give Santiago some of Spain's highest rainfall: about 1,800 millimetres (70.9 in) annually. The winters are mild, despite being far inland and at an altitude of 370 metres (1,210 ft) frosts are only common in December, January and February, with an average of just 13 days per year. Snow is uncommon, with 2-3 snowy days per year. Temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) are very exceptional.

Santiago de Compostela (Old Town)

UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Obradoiro façade of the grand Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
Criteria	Cultural: i, ii, vi
Reference	347
Inscription	1985 (9th Session)
Area	107.59 ha
Buffer zone	216.88 ha

Administration

The city is governed by a mayor–council form of government. Following the 2023 Spanish local elections the mayor of Santiago is Goretti Sanmartín, of BNG.

2015 city council elections results

Party		Vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Compostela Aberta (CA)	16,327	34.58	29.36	10	10
	People's Party (PP)	15,869	33.61	9.61	9	4
	Socialists' Party of Galicia-Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSdeG-PSOE)	6,919	14.65	16.31	4	5
	Galician Nationalist Bloc-Open Assemblies (BNG)	3,277	6.94	6.94	2	1
	Citizens	2,285	4.84	New	0	±0
	Commitment to Galicia-Transparent Municipalities (CxG-CCTT)	1,112	2.35	New	0	±0
	Solidarity and Internationalist Self-management (SAIn)	301	0.64	0.23	0	±0
	Converxencia XXI (C21)	139	0.29	0.29	0	±0

	Blank ballots	991	2.10	1.73
Total		47,220	100.00		25	±0
Valid votes		47,220	98.46
Invalid votes		738	1.54
Votes cast / turnout		47,958	61.13	1.31
Abstentions		30,492	38.87	1.31
Registered voters		78,450
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Population

The population of the city in 2019 was 96,260 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area reaches 178,695.

In 2010 there were 4,111 foreigners living in the city, representing 4.3% of the total population. The main nationalities are Brazilians (11%), Portuguese (8%) and Colombians (7%).

By language, according to 2008 data, 21.17% of the population always speak in Galician, 15% always speak in Spanish, 31% mostly in Galician and the 32.17% mostly in Spanish. According to a Xunta de Galicia 2010 study the 38.5% of the city primary and secondary education students had Galician as their mother tongue.

History

The area of Santiago de Compostela was a Roman cemetery by the 4th century and was occupied by the Suebi in the early 5th century, when they settled in Galicia and Portugal during the initial collapse of the Roman Empire. The area was later attributed to the bishopric of Iria Flavia in the 6th century, in the partition usually known as Parochiale Suevorum, ordered by King Theodemar. In 585, the settlement was annexed along with the rest of Suebi Kingdom by Leovigild as the sixth province of the Visigothic Kingdom.

Possibly raided from 711 to 739 by the Arabs, the bishopric of Iria was incorporated into the Kingdom of Asturias c. 750. At some point between 818 and 842, during the reign of Alfonso II of Asturias, bishop Theodemar of Iria (d. 847) claimed to have found some remains which were attributed to Saint James the Greater. This discovery was accepted in part because Pope Leo III and Charlemagne—who had died in 814—had acknowledged Asturias as a kingdom and Alfonso II as king, and had also crafted close political and ecclesiastic ties. Around the place of the discovery a new settlement and centre of pilgrimage emerged, which was known to the author Usuard in 865 and which was called Compostella by the 10th century.

The devotion to Saint James of Compostela was just one of many arising throughout northern Iberia during the 10th and 11th centuries, as rulers encouraged their own region-specific devotions, such as Saint Eulalia in Oviedo and Saint Aemilian in Castile. After the centre of Asturian political power moved from Oviedo to León in 910, Compostela became more politically relevant, and several kings of Galicia and of León were acclaimed by the Galician noblemen and crowned and anointed by the local bishop at the cathedral, among them Ordoño IV in 958, Bermudo II in 982, and Alfonso VII in 1111, by which time Compostela had become capital of the Kingdom of Galicia. Later, 12th-century kings were also sepulchered in the cathedral, namely Fernando II and Alfonso IX, last of the Kings of León and Galicia before both kingdoms were united with the Kingdom of Castile.

During this same 10th century and in the first years of the 11th century Viking raiders tried to assault the town—Galicia is known in the Nordic sagas as Jackobsland or Gallizaland—and bishop Sisenand II, who was killed in battle against them in 968, ordered the construction of a walled fortress to protect the sacred place. In 997 Compostela was assaulted and partially destroyed by Ibn Abi Aamir (known as al-Mansur), Andalusian leader accompanied in his raid by Christian lords, who all received a share of the booty. However, the Andalusian commander showed no interest in the alleged relics of St James. In response to these challenges bishop Cresconio, in the mid-11th century, fortified the entire town, building walls and defensive towers.

According to some authors, by the middle years of the 11th century the site had already become a pan-European "place of peregrination", while others maintain that the devotion to Saint James was before 11-12th centuries an essentially Galician affair, supported by Asturian and Leonese kings to win over faltering Galician loyalties. Santiago would become in the course of the following century a main Catholic shrine second only to Rome and Jerusalem. In the 12th century, under the impulse of bishop Diego Gelmírez, Compostela became an archbishopric, attracting a large and multinational population. Under the rule of this prelate, the townspeople rebelled, headed by the local council, beginning a secular tradition of confrontation by the people of the city—who fought for self-government—against the local bishop, the secular and jurisdictional lord of the city and of its fief, the semi-independent Terra de Santiago ("land of Saint James"). The culminating moment in this confrontation was reached in the 14th century, when the new prelate, the Frenchman Bérenger de Landore, treacherously executed the counselors of the city in his castle of A Rocha Forte ("the strong rock, castle"), after inviting them for talks.

Santiago de Compostela was captured and sacked by the French during the Napoleonic Wars; as a result, the remains attributed to the apostle were lost for near a century, hidden inside a cist in the crypts of the cathedral of the city.

The excavations conducted in the cathedral during the 19th and 20th centuries uncovered a Roman cella memoriae or martyrium, around which grew a small cemetery in Roman and Suevi times which was later abandoned. This martyrium, which proves the existence of an old Christian holy place, has been sometimes attributed to Priscillian, although without further proof.

Economy

Santiago's economy, although still heavily dependent on public administration (i.e. being the headquarters of the autonomous government of Galicia), cultural tourism, industry, and higher education through its university, is becoming increasingly diversified. New industries such as timber transformation (FINSA), the automotive industry (UROVESA), and telecommunications and electronics (Blusens and Televés) have been established. Banco Gallego, a banking institution owned by Novacaixagalicia, has its headquarters in downtown rúa do Hórreo.

Tourism is very important thanks to the Way of St. James, particularly in Holy Compostelan Years (when the Feast of Saint James falls on a Sunday). Following the Xunta's considerable investment and hugely successful advertising campaign for the Holy Year of 1993, the number of pilgrims completing the route has been steadily rising. More than 272,000 pilgrims made the trip during the course of the Holy Year of 2010. Following 2010, the next Holy Year will not be for another 11 years when St James feast day again falls on a Sunday. Outside of Holy Years, the city still receives a remarkable number of pilgrims. In 2013, 215,880 people completed the pilgrimage. In 2014, there were 237,983 persons. In 2015, there were 262,513 persons and in 2016, there were 277,854 persons.

Editorial Compostela owns daily newspaper El Correo Gallego, a local TV, and a radio station. Galician-language online news portal Galicia Hoxe is also based in the city. Televisión de Galicia, the public broadcaster corporation of Galicia, has its headquarters in Santiago.

Way of St. James

During medieval times, the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage emerged as one of the most significant Christian journeys in Europe, attracting thousands of pilgrims seeking spiritual redemption and fulfillment. Believed to be the final resting place of Saint James the Apostle, the pilgrimage route traversed many countries and scenic locations. The pilgrimage not only fostered spiritual growth but also facilitated cultural exchange, as towns along the route thrived with the influx of visitors, leading to the construction of churches, and further development of the towns. This sacred journey symbolized a profound devotion to faith, enduring trials, and the hope of divine grace. A symbol of the Pilgrimage is the scallop shell, as seen in a sculpture, depicted below, in Santo Domingo de Silos, in which Jesus is shown as a pilgrim with a satchel that is embroidered with the scallop shell. The Scallop shell comes from a legend about St. James’s arrival: he frightened a horse, scaring it into the sea, and the horse reemerged with the shell covering itself.

Santiago de Compostela’s pilgrimage, known as the Camino de Santiago, is one of the world's most significant and historical Christian pilgrimages. This sacred journey leads to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in the Galicia region of northwest Spain, where the remains of Saint James the Apostle are believed to be buried. The pilgrimage dates back to the Middle Ages and continues to draw thousands of pilgrims annually from all corners of the globe. Participants embark on various routes, the most popular being the Camino Francés, traversing hundreds of kilometers on foot, by bicycle, or even on horseback. The journey is not just a physical challenge but also a profound spiritual and introspective experience, offering a sense of community, personal reflection, and fulfillment. Along the way, pilgrims pass through diverse landscapes and historic towns and encounter symbols of faith and support.

The legend that St. James found his way to the Iberian Peninsula and had preached there is one of a number of early traditions concerning the missionary activities and final resting places of the apostles of Jesus. Although the 1884 Bull of Pope Leo XIII Omnipotens Deus accepted the authenticity of the relics at Compostela, the Vatican remains uncommitted as to whether the relics are those of Saint James the Greater, while continuing to promote the more general benefits of pilgrimage to the site. Pope Benedict XVI undertook a ceremonial pilgrimage to the site on his visit to Spain in 2010.

Establishment of the shrine

The 1,000-year-old pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James in the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral is known in English as the Way of St. James and in Spanish as the Camino de Santiago. Over 200,000 pilgrims travel to the city each year from points all over Europe and other parts of the world. The pilgrimage has been the subject of many books, television programmes, and films, notably Brian Sewell's The Naked Pilgrim produced for the British television channel Channel 5 and the Martin Sheen/Emilio Estevez collaboration The Way.

Legends

According to a tradition that can be traced back at least to the 12th century, when it was recorded in the Codex Calixtinus, Saint James decided to return to the Holy Land after preaching in Galicia. There he was beheaded, but his disciples got his body to Jaffa, where they found a marvelous stone ship which miraculously conducted them and the apostle's body to Iria Flavia, back in Galicia. There, the disciples asked the local pagan queen Loba ('She-wolf') for permission to bury the body; she, annoyed, decided to deceive them, sending them to pick a pair of oxen she allegedly had by the Pico Sacro, a local sacred mountain where a dragon dwelt, hoping that the dragon would kill the Christians, but as soon as the beast attacked the disciples, at the sight of the cross, the dragon exploded. Then the disciples marched to collect the oxen, which were actually wild bulls which the queen used to punish her enemies; but again, at the sight of the Christian's cross, the bulls calmed down, and after being subjected to a yoke they carried the apostle's body to the place where now Compostela is. The legend was again referred with minor changes by the Czech traveller Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál, in the 15th century.

The relics were said to have been later rediscovered in the 9th century by a hermit named Pelagius, who after observing strange lights in a local forest went for help after the local bishop, Theodemar of Iria, in the west of Galicia. The legend affirms that Theodemar was then guided to the spot by a star, drawing upon a familiar myth-element, hence "Compostela" was given an etymology as a corruption of Campus Stellae, "Field of Stars."

In the 15th century, the red banner which guided the Galician armies to battle, was still preserved in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, in the centre Saint James riding a white horse and wearing a white cloak, sword in hand: The legend of the miraculous armed intervention of Saint James, disguised as a white knight to help the Christians when battling the Muslims, was a recurrent myth during the High Middle Ages.

Pre-Christian legends

As the lowest-lying land on that stretch of coast, the city's site took on added significance. Legends supposed of Celtic origin made it the place where the souls of the dead gathered to follow the sun across the sea. Those unworthy of going to the Land of the Dead haunted Galicia as the Santa Compaña or Estadea.

In popular culture

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Santiago de Compostela is featured prominently in the 1988 historical fiction novel Sharpe's Rifles, by Bernard Cornwell, which takes place during the French Invasion of Galicia, January 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars.

The music video for Una Cerveza, by Ráfaga, is set in the historic part of Santiago de Compostela.

A pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela provides the narrative framework of the Luis Buñuel film La Voie lactée (The Milky Way).

A mystic pilgrimage was portrayed in the autobiography and romance The Pilgrimage ("O Diário de um Mago") of Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho, published in 1987.

Main sights

• Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
• University of Santiago de Compostela
• Pazo de Raxoi – city hall and office of the President of the Xunta of Galicia
• 12th century Colexiata de Santa María do Sar
• 16th century Baroque Abbey of San Martín Pinario
• 17th century Convent and Church of San Francisco
• Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea (Galician Center for Contemporary Art), designed by Alvaro Siza Vieira
• City of Culture of Galicia, designed by Peter Eisenman
• Muralla de Santiago de Compostela
• Parque da Alameda (Alameda Park)
• Parque de Carlomagno (Carlomagno Park)
• Parque de San Domingos de Bonaval, redesigned by Eduardo Chillida and Alvaro Siza Vieira

Transport

Santiago de Compostela is served by Santiago de Compostela Airport and a Renfe rail service.

Airport

Santiago de Compostela Airport is the 2nd busiest airport in northern Spain after Bilbao Airport. The airport is located in the parish of Lavacolla, 12 km from the city center and handled 2,903,427 passengers in 2019.

Railway

Santiago de Compostela railway station is linked to the Spanish High Speed Railway Network. Madrid is reached in 3 hours.

Porto can also be reached in less than 5 hours changing to the Celta train in Vigo.

On 24 July 2013 there was a serious rail accident near the city in which 79 people died and at least 130 were injured when a train derailed on a bend as it approached Compostela station.

Sports teams

• SD Compostela (football) - 4 seasons in La Liga
• Obradoiro CAB (basketball) - 11 seasons in Liga ACB
• Santiago Futsal (futsal) -

15 seasons in LNFS

• Santiago Black Ravens (American football) - 2 seasons in LNFA and 2 seasons in LPFA
• Arteal Tenis de Mesa (table tennis) - 12 seasons in SDTM
• Escudería Compostela (motorsport) - Rally Botafumeiro organizer
• Santiago Rugby Club (rugby union)
• Estrela Vermelha FG (Gaelic football)

Notable people

• Bernal de Bonaval, 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language
• Sancho de Andrade de Figueroa (1632–1702), Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Quito (1688–1702) and Bishop of Ayacucho o Huamanga (1679–1688)
• Juan Antonio García de Bouzas (c.1680–1755), Baroque painter, his principal works are in the churches at Santiago
• Eugenio Montero Ríos (1832–1914), politician, served briefly as Prime Minister of Spain in 1905
• Rosalía de Castro (1837–1885), romanticist writer and poet
• Antonio Machado Álvarez (1848–1893) known as Demófilo, writer, anthropologist and Spanish folklorist
• Narcisa Pérez Reoyo (1849–1876), writer
• Modesto Brocos (1852–1936), Brazilian painter, designer and engraver
• Carmen Babiano Méndez-Núñez (1852–1914), painter and a pioneer in feminine art
• Manuel Maria Puga y Parga aka "Picadillo" (1874–1918), culinary writer and gastronome, popularized traditional Galician cooking
• José Robles (1897–1937), academic, left-wing activist, born to an aristocratic family, went into exile in the USA
• Maruxa and Coralia Fandiño Ricart (1898–1980; 1914–1983), local public figures
• Juan Sáenz-Díez García (1904–1990), entrepreneur and Carlist politician
• Xerardo Fernández Albor (1917–2018), physician and politician, president of Galicia from 1981 to 1987
• Isaac Díaz Pardo (1920–2012), intellectual, painter, ceramist, and businessman
• Xohana Torres (1931–2017), writer, poet, playwright, and member of the Royal Galician Academy
• Adela Akers (born 1933), textile and fiber artist, raised in Peru and Cuba, now lives in Guerneville, California
• Xosé Manuel Beiras (born 1936), politician, economist, writer and intellectual
• Roberto Vidal Bolaño (1950–2002), playwright and actor, celebrated by Galician Literature Day in 2013
• Ana Romero Masiá (born 1952), historian, archaeologist and academic
• Mariano Rajoy (born 1955), politician, Prime Minister of Spain from 2011 to 2018
• Suso de Toro (born 1956), writer of more than twenty novels and plays in Galician
• Carlos Ferrás Sexto (born 1965), geographer and academic
• Octavio Vázquez (born 1972), composer of classical music
• Yolanda Castaño (born 1977), painter, literary critic and poet
• Roi Méndez (born 1993), singer and guitarist

Sport

• Andrés Domínguez Candal (1918–1978) aka Pierita, footballer
• Carlos Gil Pérez (1931–2009), athletics coach
• José Luis Veloso (1937–2019), footballer, 278 pro appearances
• Tomás Reñones (born 1960) known as Tomás, footballer, nearly 500 pro appearances
• Moncho Fernández (born 1969), basketball manager and coach
• Emilio José Viqueira (born 1974), footballer who made 454 pro appearances
• Manuel Castiñeiras (born 1979), footballer, over 300 pro appearances
• Rubén González Rocha (born 1982), known as Rubén, football central defender
• Borja Golan (born 1983), professional squash player who represents Spain
• Iván Carril (born 1985), footballer
• Verónica Boquete (born 1987), footballer
• José Ángel Antelo (born 1987), basketball player
• Alberto Manuel Domínguez Rivas (born 1988) known as Alberto, football goalkeeper
• Borja Iglesias (born 1993), footballer for Real Betis

International relations

Twin towns/Sister cities

Santiago de Compostela is twinned with:

• Assisi, Italy (2008)
• Barcelona, Spain
• Braga, Portugal
• Buenos Aires, Argentina (1980s)
• Cáceres, Spain
• Caracas, Venezuela
• Coimbra, Portugal (1994)
• Córdoba, Spain
• Mashhad, Iran
• Las Piedras, Uruguay (2010)
• Le Puy-en-Velay, France
• Oviedo, Spain
• Pisa, Italy (2010)
• Qom, Iran
• Qufu, People's Republic of China
• Rennes, France (2010)
• Santiago, Chile
• Santiago de Cali, Colombia
• Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
• Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba
• Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic (2004)
• Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico (2005)
• Santiago de Veraguas, Panama
• Santiago do Cacém, Portugal (1980s)
• Santiago Tuxtla, Mexico
• São Paulo, Brazil

See also

• Auditorio Monte do Gozo
• Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
• Camino de Santiago
• Música en Compostela
• Order of Santiago
• Santiago de Compostela derailment
• As Orfas
• Klaus Schäfer, Various routes to Santiago de Compostela
• Coat of arms of Santiago de Compostela

Notes

1. Pronunciation:
   • English: /ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ də ˌkɒmpəˈstɛlə/
   • Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe komposˈtela]
   • Galician: [santiˈaɣʊ ðɪ komposˈtɛlɐ]

References

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4. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1823), p. 500.
5. Fletcher (1984), p. 59.
6. ^ Stokstad, Marilyn (1978). Santiago de Compostela in the age of the great pilgrimages. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 6−8. ISBN 978-0806114545.
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11. "Standard climate values. Santiago de Compostela Aeropuerto".
12. Results compared with the combined results of United Left and Candidatura do Povo in 2011.
13. "Changes in the municipalities in the population census since 1842" (in Spanish). National Statistics Institute.
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15. "'Os datos secretos do galego': Así responderon as familias á consulta lingüística da Xunta". 15 December 2016.
16. Fletcher (1984), pp. 57–59.
17. Gallichan (1912), pp. 36−37.
18. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1823), p. 496.
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21. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1823), p. 499.
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28. ^ Collins (1983), p. 238.
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32. Collins (1983), p. 199.
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34. Fletcher (1984), pp. 59–60.
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37. Bell, Adrian R.; Dale, Richard S. (2011). "The Medieval Pilgrimage Business". Enterprise & Society. 12 (3): 601–627. doi:10.1093/es/khr014. ISSN 1467-2227. JSTOR 23701445.
38. Fitzpatrick, Martin (2010). "Pilgrimage to Santiago De Compostela". Archaeology Ireland. 24 (4): 14–17. ISSN 0790-892X. JSTOR 40961787.
39. Rudolph, Conrad (2004). Pilgrimage to the end of the world: the road to Santiago de Compostela. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73125-4.
40. "French Way", Misplaced Pages, 28 October 2024, retrieved 6 November 2024
41. Graham, Brian; Murray, Michael (1997). "The spiritual and the profane: the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela". Ecumene. 4 (4): 389–409. doi:10.1177/147447409700400402. ISSN 0967-4608. JSTOR 44251953.
42. "Apostolic Journey to Santiago de Compostela and Barcelona: Welcoming ceremony at the International Airport of Santiago de Compostela (November 6, 2010) – BENEDICT XVI". w2.vatican.va.
43. Garrido Bugarín, Gustavo A. (1994). Aventureiros e curiosos : relatos de viaxeiros estranxeiros por Galicia, séculos XV – XX. Vigo: Ed. Galaxia. pp. 35–37. ISBN 84-7154-909-3.
44. Garrido Bugarín, Gustavo A. (1994). Aventureiros e curiosos : relatos de viaxeiros estranxeiros por Galicia, séculos XV – XX. Vigo: Ed. Galaxia. p. 40. ISBN 84-7154-909-3.
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46. Spain train crash: Driver formally detained, BBC News 26 July 2013
47. Consello da Cultura Galega (20 July 1985). Actas do Congreso Internacional de Estudios sobre Rosalía de Castro e o Seu Tempo. Vol. 1. Univ Santiago de Compostela. p. 81. ISBN 9788471914002.
48. Aldegunde, C. (23 October 2017). "Miriam, Luis y Roi, así son los concursantes gallegos de "Operación Triunfo 2017"". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 December 2018.
49. "Todos los Santiagos se hermanan" (in Spanish). El Correo Gallego. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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Sources

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Santiago de Compostela". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 191–192.

• Collins, Roger (1983). Early Medieval Spain. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-22464-8.
• "Spain". Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature. Vol. 19 (Sixth ed.). Edinburgh: Archibald Constable. 1823. pp. 482−544.
• Fletcher, Richard A. (1984). Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela. Oxford: Clarendon. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-19-822581-2. OCLC 563022412.
• Gallichan, Catherine Gasquoine (1912). The story of Santiago de Compostela;. London: Dent.

Further reading

• Meakin, Annette M. B. (1909). Galicia. The Switzerland of Spain. London: Methuen & Co.

External links

• City Council of Santiago de Compostela
• Santiago Tourism

Articles related to Santiago de Compostela

v t e Cities in Galicia A Coruña Pontevedra Santiago de Compostela Ourense Lugo Vigo Ferrol v t e World Heritage Sites in Spain For official site names, see each article or the List of World Heritage Sites in Spain. North West Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias Roman walls of Lugo Route of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) Tower of Hercules North East Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon Pirineos - Monte Perdido Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin Route of Santiago de Compostela San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries Vizcaya Bridge Centre Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests Aranjuez Cultural Landscape Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida Archaeological Site of Atapuerca Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-mural Churches Burgos Cathedral Old Town of Cáceres Historic Walled Town of Cuenca Monastery and Site of El Escorial Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija Las Médulas Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin Route of Santiago de Compostela Old City of Salamanca Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct Siega Verde Historic City of Toledo University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares East Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco, Tarragona Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona Palmeral of Elche Poblet Abbey Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin Silk Exchange in Valencia Works of Antoni Gaudí South Alhambra, Generalife and Albaicín, Granada Cathedral, Alcázar and General Archive of the Indies, Seville Dolmens Site of Antequera Doñana National Park Historic Centre of Córdoba Madinat al-Zahra Renaissance Monuments of Úbeda and Baeza Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin Balearic Islands Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture Prehistoric Sites of Talayotic Menorca Canary Islands Garajonay Risco Caído and the Sacred Mountains San Cristóbal de La Laguna Teide National Park Shared with other region/s Shared with France Shared with Slovenia Shared with Portugal Shared with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine v t e World Heritage Sites in Galicia Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) (1985) Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain (1993) Roman walls of Lugo (2000) Tower of Hercules (2009) v t e European Capitals of Culture 1985 Athens 1986 Florence 1987 Amsterdam 1988 West Berlin 1989 Paris 1990 Glasgow 1991 Dublin 1992 Madrid 1993 Antwerp 1994 Lisbon 1995 Luxembourg City 1996 Copenhagen 1997 Thessaloniki 1998 Stockholm 1999 Weimar 2000 Reykjavík Bergen Helsinki Brussels Prague Kraków Santiago de Compostela Avignon Bologna 2001 Rotterdam Porto 2002 Bruges Salamanca 2003 Graz Plovdiv 2004 Genoa Lille 2005 Cork 2006 Patras 2007 Luxembourg City Sibiu 2008 Liverpool Stavanger 2009 Linz Vilnius 2010 Essen Istanbul Pécs 2011 Turku Tallinn 2012 Maribor Guimarães 2013 Košice Marseille 2014 Umeå Riga 2015 Mons Plzeň 2016 San Sebastián Wrocław 2017 Aarhus Paphos 2018 Valletta Leeuwarden 2019 Plovdiv Matera 2020-April 2021 Rijeka Galway 2022 Kaunas Esch-sur-Alzette Novi Sad 2023 Veszprém Timișoara Elefsina 2024 Tartu Bad Ischl Bodø 2025 Nova Gorica / Gorizia Chemnitz 2026 Oulu Trenčín 2027 Liepāja v t e Capitals of autonomous communities of Spain Seville Andalusia Zaragoza Aragon Oviedo Asturias Palma Balearic Islands Vitoria-Gasteiz Basque Country Santa Cruz and Las Palmas Canary Islands Santander Cantabria Toledo Castilla–La Mancha Valladolid de facto, Castile and León Barcelona Catalonia Mérida Extremadura Santiago de Compostela Galicia Logroño La Rioja Madrid Community of Madrid Murcia Region of Murcia Pamplona Navarre Valencia Valencian Community Ceuta Melilla Autonomous cities v t e Capitals of European states and territories Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics. Sovereign states Amsterdam, Netherlands Andorra la Vella, Andorra Ankara, Turkey Astana, Kazakhstan Athens, Greece Baku, Azerbaijan Belgrade, Serbia Berlin, Germany Bern, Switzerland Bratislava, Slovakia Brussels, Belgium Bucharest, Romania Budapest, Hungary Chișinău, Moldova Copenhagen, Denmark Dublin, Ireland Helsinki, Finland Kyiv, Ukraine Lisbon, Portugal Ljubljana, Slovenia London, United Kingdom Luxembourg, Luxembourg Madrid, Spain Minsk, Belarus Monaco Moscow, Russia Nicosia, Cyprus Oslo, Norway Paris, France Podgorica, Montenegro Prague, Czech Republic Reykjavík, Iceland Riga, Latvia Rome, Italy San Marino, San Marino Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Skopje, North Macedonia Sofia, Bulgaria Stockholm, Sweden Tallinn, Estonia Tbilisi, Georgia Tirana, Albania Vaduz, Liechtenstein Valletta, Malta Vatican City Vienna, Austria Vilnius, Lithuania Warsaw, Poland Yerevan, Armenia Zagreb, Croatia States with limited recognition North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus Pristina, Kosovo 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Lausanne, Vaud Liestal, Basel-Landschaft Lucerne, Canton of Lucerne Neuchâtel, Canton of Neuchâtel Sarnen, Obwalden Schaffhausen, Canton of Schaffhausen Schwyz, Canton of Schwyz Sion, Valais Solothurn, Canton of Solothurn Stans, Nidwalden St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen Glarus, Canton of Glarus Zug, Canton of Zug Zurich, Canton of Zürich Autonomous entities Italy Autonomous regions Cagliari, Sardinia Palermo, Sicily Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Aosta, Aosta Valley Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia Portugal Autonomous regions Ponta Delgada, Angra do Heroísmo, & Horta, Azores Funchal, Madeira Spain Barcelona, Catalonia Las Palmas & Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands Logroño, La Rioja Madrid, Community of Madrid Mérida, Extremadura Murcia, Region of Murcia Oviedo, Asturias Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands Pamplona, Navarre Santander, Cantabria Santiago de Compostela, Galicia Seville, Andalusia Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto) Valencia, Valencian Community Valladolid, Castile and León (de facto) Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (de facto) Zaragoza, Aragon Other Ajaccio, Corsica Collectivité (France) Batumi, Adjara (Georgia) Comrat, Gagauzia (Moldova) Karyes, Mount Athos (Greece) Mariehamn, Åland Islands (Finland) Nakhchivan, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) Novi Sad, Vojvodina (Serbia) Simferopol, Crimea (Ukraine)  Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands  Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed  Also the seat of the European Union, see Institutional seats of the European Union and Brussels and the European Union  A city-state v t e Municipalities of the province of A Coruña Abegondo Ames Aranga Ares Arteixo Arzúa A Baña Bergondo Betanzos Boimorto Boiro Boqueixón Brión Cabana de Bergantiños Cabanas Camariñas Cambre A Capela Carballo Cariño Carnota Carral Cedeira Cee Cerceda Cerdido Coirós Corcubión Coristanco A Coruña Culleredo Curtis Dodro Dumbría Fene Ferrol Fisterra Frades Irixoa A Laracha Laxe Lousame Malpica de Bergantiños Mañón Mazaricos Melide Mesía Miño Moeche Monfero Mugardos Muros Muxía Narón Neda Negreira Noia Oleiros Ordes Oroso Ortigueira Outes Oza-Cesuras Paderne Padrón O Pino A Pobra do Caramiñal Ponteceso Pontedeume As Pontes de García Rodríguez Porto do Son Rianxo Ribeira Rois Sada San Sadurniño Santa Comba Santiago de Compostela Santiso Sobrado As Somozas Teo Toques Tordoia Touro Trazo Val do Dubra Valdoviño Vedra Vilarmaior Vilasantar Vimianzo Zas

• Santiago de Compostela
• Apostolic sees
• Catholic pilgrimage sites
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• Municipalities in the Province of A Coruña
• Camino de Santiago
• World Heritage Sites in Spain