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Naturally occurring thulium (₆₉Tm) is composed of one stable isotope, Tm (100% natural abundance). Thirty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being Tm with a half-life of 1.92 years, Tm with a half-life of 128.6 days, Tm with a half-life of 93.1 days, and Tm with a half-life of 9.25 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 64 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 2 minutes. This element also has 26 meta states, with the most stable being Tm (t_1/2 5.1 minutes), Tm (t_1/2 74.5 seconds) and Tm (t_1/2 45 seconds).

The known isotopes of thulium range from Tm to Tm. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, Tm, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before Tm are erbium isotopes, and the primary products after are ytterbium isotopes. All isotopes of thulium are either radioactive or, in the case of Tm, observationally stable, meaning that Tm is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

List of isotopes

1. Tm – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
7. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
9. Believed to undergo α decay to Ho

Thulium-170

Thulium-170 has a half-life of 128.6 days, decaying by β decay about 99.87% of the time and electron capture the remaining 0.13% of the time. Due to its low-energy X-ray emissions, it has been proposed for radiotherapy and as a source in a radiothermal generator.

References

1. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Thulium". CIAAW. 2021.
3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
5. ^ Tarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of Pt at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 132 (072501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.
6. Polyak, Andras; Das, Tapas; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Kiraly, Reka; Dabasi, Gabriella; Joba, Robert Peter; Jakab, Csaba; Thuroczy, Julianna; Postenyi, Zita; Haasz, Veronika; Janoki, Gergely; Janoki, Gyozo A.; Pillai, Maroor R.A.; Balogh, Lajos (October 2014). "Thulium-170-Labeled Microparticles for Local Radiotherapy: Preliminary Studies". Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. 29 (8): 330–338. doi:10.1089/cbr.2014.1680. ISSN 1084-9785. PMID 25226213 – via Academia.edu.
7. Dustin, J. Seth; Borrelli, R.A. (December 2021). "Assessment of alternative radionuclides for use in a radioisotope thermoelectric generator". Nuclear Engineering and Design. 385: 111475. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111475.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element

• Isotopes of thulium
• Thulium
• Lists of isotopes by element