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Isotopes of ytterbium

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Isotopes of ytterbium (70Yb)
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
Yb synth 56.7 h ε Tm
Yb 0.126% stable
Yb synth 32.026 d ε Tm
Yb 3.02% stable
Yb 14.2% stable
Yb 21.8% stable
Yb 16.1% stable
Yb 31.9% stable
Yb synth 4.185 d β Lu
Yb 12.9% stable
Yb synth 1.911 h β Lu
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Yb)

Naturally occurring ytterbium (70Yb) is composed of seven stable isotopes: Yb, Yb–Yb, and Yb, with Yb being the most abundant (31.83% natural abundance). 30 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being Yb with a half-life of 32.014 days, Yb with a half-life of 4.185 days, and Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 20 minutes. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being Yb (t1/2 46 seconds).

The isotopes of ytterbium range from Yb to Yb. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, Yb is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before Yb are isotopes of thulium, and the primary products after are isotopes of lutetium. Of interest to modern quantum optics, the different ytterbium isotopes follow either Bose–Einstein statistics or Fermi–Dirac statistics, leading to interesting behavior in optical lattices.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
Half-life
Decay
mode

Daughter
isotope

Spin and
parity
Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
Yb 70 79 148.96422(32)# 0.7(2) s β, p Er (1/2+)
β (rare) Tm
Yb 70 80 149.95831(32)# 700# ms β? Tm? 0+
Yb 70 81 150.95540(32) 1.6(5) s β Tm (1/2+)
β, p (rare) Er
Yb 740(100)# keV 1.6(5) s β Tm (11/2−)
β, p (rare) Er
Yb 2630(141)# keV 2.6(7) μs IT Yb 19/2−#
Yb 3287(141)# keV 20(1) μs IT Yb 27/2−#
Yb 70 82 151.95033(16) 3.03(6) s β Tm 0+
Yb 2744.5(10) keV 30(1) μs IT Yb (10+)
Yb 70 83 152.94937(22)# 4.2(2) s β Tm 7/2−
β, p (0.008%) Er
Yb 2630(50)# keV 15(1) μs IT Yb 27/2−
Yb 70 84 153.946396(19) 0.409(2) s α (92.6%) Er 0+
β (7.4%) Tm
Yb 70 85 154.945783(18) 1.793(20) s α (89%) Er (7/2−)
β (11%) Tm
Yb 70 86 155.942817(10) 26.1(7) s β (90%) Tm 0+
α (10%) Er
Yb 70 87 156.942651(12) 38.6(10) s β Tm 7/2−
α (rare) Er
Yb 70 88 157.939871(9) 1.49(13) min β (99.99%) Tm 0+
α (.0021%) Er
Yb 70 89 158.940060(19) 1.67(9) min β Tm 5/2−
Yb 70 90 159.937559(6) 4.8(2) min β Tm 0+
Yb 70 91 160.937912(16) 4.2(2) min β Tm 3/2−
Yb 70 92 161.935779(16) 18.87(19) min β Tm 0+
Yb 70 93 162.936345(16) 11.05(35) min β Tm 3/2−
Yb 70 94 163.934501(16) 75.8(17) min EC Tm 0+
Yb 70 95 164.935270(28) 9.9(3) min β Tm 5/2−
Yb 126.80(9) keV 300(30) ns IT Yb 9/2+
Yb 70 96 165.933876(8) 56.7(1) h EC Tm 0+
Yb 70 97 166.934954(4) 17.5(2) min β Tm 5/2−
Yb 571.548(22) keV ~180 ns IT Yb 11/2−
Yb 70 98 167.9338913(1) Observationally Stable 0+ 0.00123(3)
Yb 70 99 168.93518421(19) 32.014(5) d EC Tm 7/2+
Yb 24.1999(16) keV 46(2) s IT Yb 1/2−
Yb 70 100 169.934767243(11) Observationally Stable 0+ 0.02982(39)
Yb 1258.46(14) keV 370(15) ns IT Yb 4−
Yb 70 101 170.936331515(14) Observationally Stable 1/2− 0.14086(140)
Yb 95.282(2) keV 5.25(24) ms IT Yb 7/2+
Yb 122.416(2) keV 265(20) ns IT Yb 5/2−
Yb 70 102 171.936386654(15) Observationally Stable 0+ 0.21686(130)
Yb 1550.43(6) keV 3.6(1) μs IT Yb 6−
Yb 70 103 172.938216212(12) Observationally Stable 5/2− 0.16103(63)
Yb 398.9(5) keV 2.9(1) μs IT Yb 1/2−
Yb 70 104 173.938867546(12) Observationally Stable 0+ 0.32025(80)
Yb 1518.148(13) keV 830(40) μs IT Yb 6+
Yb 1765.2(5) keV 256(11) ns IT Yb 7−
Yb 70 105 174.94128191(8) 4.185(1) d β Lu 7/2−
Yb 514.866(4) keV 68.2(3) ms IT Yb 1/2−
Yb 70 106 175.942574706(16) Observationally Stable 0+ 0.12995(83)
Yb 1049.8(6) keV 11.4(3) s IT Yb 8−
β (<10#%) Lu
Yb 70 107 176.94526385(24) 1.911(3) h β Lu 9/2+
Yb 331.5(3) keV 6.41(2) s IT Yb 1/2−
Yb 70 108 177.946669(7) 74(3) min β Lu 0+
Yb 70 109 178.94993(22)# 8.0(4) min β Lu (1/2−)
Yb 70 110 179.95199(32)# 2.4(5) min β Lu 0+
Yb 70 111 180.95589(32)# 1# min β? Lu? 3/2−#
Yb 70 112 181.95824(43)# 30# s β? Lu? 0+
Yb 70 113 182.96243(43)# 30# s β? Lu? 3/2−#
Yb 70 114 183.96500(54)# 7# s β? Lu? 0+
Yb 70 115 184.96943(54)# 5# s β? Lu? 9/2−#
Yb 70 116 0+
Yb 70 117
This table header & footer:
  1. However, all seven of the isotopes are observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but decay has not been observed yet.
  2. Yb – Excited nuclear isomer.
  3. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  4. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  5. ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  6. Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. Believed to undergo α decay to Er or ββ decay to Er with a half-life over 130×10 years
  9. Believed to undergo α decay to Er
  10. Believed to undergo α decay to Er
  11. Believed to undergo α decay to Er
  12. Believed to undergo α decay to Er
  13. Believed to undergo α decay to Er
  14. Believed to undergo α decay to Er or ββ decay to Hf with a half-life over 160×10 years
  15. Cluster decay daughter of Th

References

  1. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Ytterbium". CIAAW. 2015.
  3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  5. ^ Tarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of Pt at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 132 (072501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.
Isotopes of the chemical elements
Group 1 2   3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period Hydrogen and
alkali metals
Alkaline
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