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List of languages by time of extinction

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Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Endangered
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UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger categories

An extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes extinct upon the death of its last native speaker, the terminal speaker. A language like Latin is not extinct in this sense, because it evolved into the modern Romance languages; it is impossible to state when Latin became extinct because there is a diachronic continuum (compare synchronic continuum) between ancestors Late Latin and Vulgar Latin on the one hand and descendants like Old French and Old Italian on the other; any cutoff date for distinguishing ancestor from descendant is arbitrary. For many languages which have become extinct in recent centuries, attestation of usage is datable in the historical record, and sometimes the terminal speaker is identifiable. In other cases, historians and historical linguists may infer an estimated date of extinction from other events in the history of the sprachraum.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

21st century

Date Language Language family Region Terminal speaker Notes
by 2024 Tandia Austronesian West Papua, Indonesia Speakers shifted to Wandamen.
by 2024 Mawes Northwest Papuan? West Papua, Indonesia
by 2024 Luhu Austronesian Maluku, Indonesia
2 May 2023 Columbia-Moses Salishan Washington (state), United States Pauline Stensgar
5 October 2022 Mednyj Aleut Mixed AleutRussian Commander Islands, Russia Gennady Yakovlev
16 February 2022 Yahgan Isolate Magallanes, Chile Cristina Calderón
by 2022? Moghol Mongolic Herat Province, Afghanistan
by 2022 Lachoudisch Indo-European Schopfloch, Bavaria
25 September 2021 Wukchumni dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts Yokuts California, United States Marie Wilcox
27 August 2021 Yuchi Isolate Tennessee (formerly), Oklahoma, United States Maxine Wildcat Barnett
7 March 2021 Bering Aleut Eskimo-Aleut Kamchatka Krai, Russia Vera Timoshenko
2 February 2021 Juma Tupian Rondônia, Brazil Aruka Juma
2 December 2020 Tuscarora Iroquoian North Carolina, United States Kenneth Patterson Being revived
4 April 2020 Aka-Cari dialect of Northern Andamanese Great Andamanese Andaman Islands, India Licho
23 March 2019 Ngandi Gunwinyguan Northern Territory, Australia C. W. Daniels
4 January 2019 Tehuelche Chonan Patagonia, Argentina Dora Manchado
9 December 2016 Mandan Siouan North Dakota, United States Edwin Benson
30 August 2016 Wichita Caddoan Oklahoma, United States Doris McLemore
29 July 2016 Gugu Thaypan Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia Tommy George
11 February 2016 Nuchatlaht dialect of Nuu-chah-nulth Wakashan British Columbia, Canada Alban Michael
4 January 2016 Whulshootseed Salishan Washington, United States Ellen Williams
4 February 2014 Klallam Salishan Washington, United States Hazel Sampson
by 2014 Demushbo Panoan Amazon Basin, Brazil
by 2014 Sarghulami Indo-European Badakhshan may be spurious
5 June 2013 Livonian Uralic Latvia Grizelda Kristiņa Under a process of revival.
26 March 2013 Yurok Algic California, United States Archie Thompson Under a process of revival.
by 2013 Sabüm Mon–Khmer Perak, Malaysia 2013 extinction is based on ISO changing it from living to extinct in 2013
2 October 2012 Cromarty dialect of Scots Indo-European Northern Scotland, United Kingdom Bobby Hogg
11 July 2012 Upper Chinook Chinookan Oregon, United States Gladys Thompson
10 March 2012 Holikachuk Na-Dene Alaska, United States Wilson "Tiny" Deacon
c. 2012 Dhungaloo Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia Roy Hatfield
c. 2012 Ngasa Nilotic Tanzania Most speakers have shifted to Chaga
by 2012 Mardijker Portuguese-based Creole Jakarta, Indonesia Oma Mimi Abrahams
10 April 2011 Apiaká Tupian Mato Grosso, Brazil Pedrinho Kamassuri
2011 Lower Arrernte Pama-Nyungan Northern Territory, Australia Brownie Doolan Perrurle
by 2011 Anserma Chocoan Antioquia Department, Colombia
24 October 2010 Pazeh Austronesian Taiwan Pan Jin-yu
20 August 2010 Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole Portuguese-based Creole Southern India William Rozario
26 January 2010 Aka-Bo Andamanese Andaman Islands, India Boa Sr.
November 2009 Aka-Kora Andamanese Andaman Islands, India Ms. Boro
22 February 2009 Great Andamanese koiné Andamanese Andaman Islands, India Nao Jr.
2009 Nyawaygi Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia Willie Seaton
by 2009 Muruwari Pama-Nyungan Queensland and New South Wales, Australia
by 2009 Agavotaguerra Arawakan Brazil
by 2009 Arikem Tupian Brazil
by 2009 Karipúna Tupian Brazil
by 2009 Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe Macro-Jê Brazil
by 2009 Aribwatsa Austronesian Papua New Guinea
by 2009 Lelak Austronesian Sarawak, Malaysia
by 2009 Papora-Hoanya Austronesian Taiwan
by 2009 Warluwara Pama-Nyungan Australia
30 July 2008 Tübatulabal Uto-Aztecan California, United States James Andreas
after April 2008 Dura Sino-Tibetan Nepal Soma Devi Dura
24 February 2008 Plains Apache Na-Dene Oklahoma, United States Alfred Chalepah Jr.
21 January 2008 Eyak Na-Dene Alaska, United States Marie Smith Jones
Late 2000s Ruga Sino-Tibetan East Garo Hills district Most people who identify themselves as Ruga speak Garo.
after 2007 AD Rusenu Trans–New Guinea? eastern East Timor
2007 Northeastern Maidu Maiduan Central California Under process of revival
10 August 2007 Gros Ventre Algic Montana, United States Theresa Lamebull
c. 2007 Javindo Dutch-based creole Java, Indonesia
by 2007 Hpun Sino-Tibetan Myanmar
by 2007 Hoti Austronesian Seram, Indonesia
11 July 2006 Wasco dialect of Upper Chinook Chinookan Oregon, United States Madeline Brunoe McInturff
2006 Zire Austronesian New Caledonia
2006 Ludza dialect of Estonian Uralic Latvia Nikolājs Nikonovs
by 2006 Zumaya Afroasiatic Cameroon Most speakers have shifted to Fula.
3 November 2005 Osage Siouan Oklahoma, United States Lucille Roubedeaux
2005 Berbice Creole Dutch Dutch-based creole Guyana Bertha Bell
by 2005 Barrow Point Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia Urwunjin Roger Hart
by 2005 Kerek Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotka
20 September 2004 Nüshu script unclassified Hunan, China Yang Huanyi
ca. 2004 (?) Duli Niger-Congo Cameroon
29 December 2003 Akkala Sami Uralic Kola Peninsula, Russia Marja Sergina
22 November 2003 Wintu Wintuan California, United States Flora Jones
14 September 2003 Klamath-Modoc Isolate Oregon, United States Neva Eggsman
September 2003 Garig Ilgar Pama-Nyungan Northern Territory, Australia
by 2003 Alngith Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
by 2003 Areba Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
by 2003 Atampaya Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
by 2003 Umbindhamu Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
by 2003 Makolkol unclassified New Britain, Papua New Guinea possible Papuan language
2003 Umotína Macro-Jê Mato Grosso, Brazil
4 November 2002 Serrano Uto-Aztecan California, United States Dorothy Ramon being revived
31 August 2002 Unami Algic Delaware, United States Edward Thompson
23 May 2002 Gaagudju Isolate Northern Territory, Australia Big Bill Neidjie
by 2001 Amanayé Tupian Brazil
c. 2000 Chiapanec Oto-Manguean Chiapas, Mexico
c. 2000 Mapia Austronesian Mapia Atoll, Indonesia
c. 2000 Cholón Hibito–Cholon Huallaga River Valley
c. 2000 Lapachu Arawakan Apolobamba It is possible there are still a few very old speakers.
c. 2000 Poyanawa Panoan Acre, Brazil 12 speakers were reported in 1992.
by 2000 Central Pomo Pomoan (Hokan?) Northern California
by 2000 Maku language of Auari unclassified Roraima, Brazil Sinfrônio Magalhães (Kuluta)
c. 2000 Rennellese Sign Language unclassified Solomon Islands Kagobai
2000s Shiriana Arawakan Brazil

20th century

Date Language
or dialect
Language family Region Notes
20th-21st century (?) Ayabadhu Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?) Aghu Tharnggala Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?) Adithinngithigh Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?) Arritinngithigh Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?) Gurnai Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia now being revived
20th-21st century Southern Kayapó Macro-Jê Mato Grosso, Brazil Hypothesized to be the ancestor of Panará.
late 20th century (?) Nganyaywana Pama-Nyungan Australia
late 20th century (?) Ngamini Pama-Nyungan South Australia
late 20th century (?) Nila Austronesian Nila Island, Indonesia Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Nila
late 20th century (?) Serua Austronesian Mount Serua, Indonesia Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Serua
late 20th century Newfoundland Irish Indo-European Newfoundland, Canada
late 20th century Soyot Turkic Buryatia, Khövsgöl Province Partly revitalized
late 20th century Saraveca Arawakan Eastern lowlands Bolivia
From 1980 to 2000 Tepecano Uto-Aztecan Central Mexico Last known speaker Lino de la Rosa was alive in 1980
c. 2000 Mesmes Afroasiatic Ethiopia with the death of Abegaz
c. 2000 Kamarian Austronesian west Seram Island, Indonesia
2000 Sowa Austronesian Pentecost Island, Vanuatu with the death of Maurice Tabi
late 1990s Munichi unclassified Loreto Region, Peru with the death of Victoria Huancho Icahuate
1999 Nyulnyul Pama-Nyungan Australia with the death of Carmel Charles
by 1999 Ineseño Chumashan California, United States
1998 Yola Indo-European County Wexford, Ireland
1998 Mlahsô Afroasiatic Syria; Turkey with the death of Ibrahim Hanna
by 1998 Skepi Creole Dutch Dutch-based creole Guyana
after or in 1997 Aribwatsa Lower Markham languages Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea Exact date of extinction is unknown although it's believed to be in 2000. Most descendants have switched to the Bukawa language.
1997-98 Ngarnka Pama-Nyungan Australia
January 1997 Sireniki Yupik Eskimo–Aleut Chukotka Peninsula, Russia with the death of Valentina Wye
1997 Guazacapán Xincan Santa Rosa, Guatemala
1997 Jumaytepeque Xincan By Volcán Jumaytepeque, Guatemala
ca. 1996 (?) Malaryan Dravidian Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India
16 December 1996 Iowa-Oto Siouan Oklahoma and Kansas, United States with the death of Truman Washington Dailey
1996 Chiquimulilla Xincan Chiquimulilla, Guatemala The last semi-speaker Julian de la Cruz died in 1996.
by 1996 Katabaga Austronesian Philippines
by 1996 Palumata Austronesian? Maluku, Indonesia
before 1996 Seru Austronesian Sarawak, Malaysia
5 November 1995 Kasabe Niger–Congo Cameroon with the death of Bogon
6 August 1995 Martuthunira Pama-Nyungan Western Australia with the death of Algy Paterson
8 January 1995 Northern Pomo Pomoan (Hokan?) California, United States

with the death of Edna Campbell Guerrero

16 May 1994 Luiseño language Uto-Aztecan Southern California with the death of Villiana Calac Hyde. A revitalization process is happening.
30 April 1994 Sakhalin Ainu Ainu languages Japan with the death of Take Asai
13 July 1993 Eastern Abnaki Algic Maine, United States with the death of Madeline Shay
1993 Andoa Zaparoan Peru
7 October 1992 Ubykh Northwest Caucasian Balıkesir Province, Turkey with the death of Tevfik Esenç
23 February 1991 Roncalese (Erronkariko) dialect Basque (isolate) Spain with the death of Fidela Bernat
1991 Pánobo Panoan Peru
1991 Ullatan Dravidian India
30 July 1990 Wappo Yuki–Wappo California, United States with the death of Laura Fish Somersal
1990 Shasta Shastan California, United States
Early 1990’s Hermit Austronesian Manus Province, Papua New Guinea It has been mostly replaced by Seimat.
ca. 1990s Inku Indo-European Afghanistan
ca. 1990s Lumaete dialect of Kayeli Austronesian central Maluku, Indonesia
ca. 1990s Taman variety of Sak Sino-Tibetan Myanmar
ca. 1990s Unggumi Worrorra Australia with the death of Morndi Munro
1990s? Berti Saharan Dafur and Kordofan, Sudan
20 September 1989 Kamas Uralic Sayan Mountains, Soviet Union with the death of Klavdiya Plotnikova
March 1989 Leliali dialect of Kayeli Austronesian central Maluku, Indonesia
ca. 1989 Hukumina Austronesian Maluku, Indonesia
1989 Miami-Illinois Algic along the Mississippi River, United States
1989 Kungarakany Gunwinyguan Northern Territory, Australia with the death of Madeline England
16 September 1988 Atsugewi Palaihnihan California, United States with the death of Medie Webster
1988 ǁXegwi Tuu South Africa with the death of Jopi Mabinda
ca. 1987 Bidyara Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
ca. 1987 Laua Trans-New Guinea Papua New Guinea
4 February 1987 Cupeño Uto-Aztecan California, United States with the death of Roscinda Nolasquez
1987 Dyangadi Pama-Nyungan New South Wales, Australia
1987 Negerhollands Dutch-based creole U.S. Virgin Islands with the death of Alice Stevens
by 1987 Basa-Gumna Niger-Congo Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria
by 1987 Yugambal Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
ca. 1986 Bikya Niger-Congo Cameroon
ca. 1986 Bishuo Niger-Congo Cameroon
April 1986 Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta Pama-Nyungan Australia with the death of Jack Butler
1986 Mangala Pama-Nyungan Western Australia
1986 Volow Austronesian Vanuatu with the death of Wanhan
late 1980s to early 1990s Cahuarano Zaparoan Along the Nanay River in Peru.
18 March 1984 Deeside dialect, Scottish Gaelic Indo-European Scotland with the death of Jean Bain
1984 Yavitero Arawakan Venezuela
February 1983 Antrim Irish Indo-European Ireland with the death of Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaig
ca. 1983 Yangman Australian (Wardaman isolate) Northern Territory, Australia
after 1983 Wotapuri-Katarqalai Indo-European Afghanistan May still be spoken.
June 1982 Kansa Siouan Oklahoma, United States with the death of Ralph Pepper
1982 Bala Tungusic Zhangguangcai Range
1982 Dagoman Australian Northern Territory, Australia with the death of Martha Hart
by 1982 Dyugun Australian Western Australia
by 1982 Kato Na-Dene California, United States
after 1981 Dirari Pama-Nyungan South Australia
after 1981 Dyaberdyaber Pama-Nyungan Western Australia
after 1981 Erre Australian Northern Territory, Australia
after 1981 Umbugarla Arnhem Land languages or
Darwin Region languages
Northern Territory, Australia with the death of Butcher Knight
after 1981 Yawarawarga Pama-Nyungan Queensland and South Australia
ca. 1981 Ternateño Portuguese Creole Maluku, Indonesia
1 May 1981 Pitta Pitta Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia
1981 Nagarchal Dravidian? India
1981 Warrungu Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia with the death of Alf Palmer
by 1981 Bina Austronesian Central Province (Papua New Guinea)
1980 Twana Salishan Washington, United States
1980 Yalarnnga Pama-Nyungan Australia
1980s AD Alchuka Tungusic Heilongjiang
late 1970s - 1980s Flinders Island Pama-Nyungan Australia last known speaker was Johnny Flinders
between 1971 and 1981 Kwadi Khoe southwestern Angola
1970s – 1980s Chicomuceltec Mayan Mexico; Guatemala
22 February 1979 Barranbinja Pama-Nyungan New South Wales, Australia with the death of Emily Margaret Horneville
3 November 1977 Shuadit Indo-European southern France with the death of Armand Lunel
24 August 1977 Ngawun Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia with the death of Cherry O'Keefe
13 July 1977 Nooksack Salishan Washington, United States with the death of Sindick Jimmy
ca. 1977 Arran Gaelic Indo-European Isle of Arran With the death of Donald Craig.
ca. 1977 Nagumi Niger-Congo Cameroon
by 1977 AD Babuza Austronesian Taiwan
by 1977 AD Luilang Austronesian Banqiao District
between 1976 and 1999 Kw'adza Afroasiatic Tanzania
after 1976 Muskum Afroasiatic western Chad
1975 Yugh Yeniseian central Siberia, Soviet Union
before 1975 Homa Niger-Congo southern Sudan
27 December 1974 Manx Indo-European Isle of Man, British islands with the death of Ned Maddrell. Now being revived as a second language
28 May 1974 Ona Chon Tierra del Fuego, Argentina with the death of Ángela Loij
1974 Moksela Austronesian Maluku, Indonesia
before 1974 Cacaopera Misumalpan El Salvador
after 1973 Môa Remo Panoan Along the Môa River of Amazonas, Peru A word list was created in 1973.
By 1974 Dicamay Agta Austronesian Luzon, Philippines The Dicamay Agta were killed by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974.
9 October 1972 Tillamook Salishan Oregon, United States with the death of Minnie Scovell
5 February 1972 Hanis Coosan Oregon, United States with the death of Martha Harney Johnson
1972 Mbabaram Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia with the death of Albert Bennett
1970s Damin Constructed Mornington Island
after 1968 Paratio Xukuruan Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil It was spoken by a few people in Pesqueira in 1968. Loukotka (1968)
1968 Welsh-Romani Romani Wales, United Kingdom with the death of Manfri Wood
before 1968 Sened Afroasiatic Tunisia
after 1965 Barngarla Pama-Nyungan southern Australia with the death of Moonie Davis
24 July 1965 Barbareño Chumashan California, United States with the death of Mary Yee
1965 Wakawaka Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
ca. 1964 Aariya spurious India
10 August 1963 Galice Na-Dene Oregon, United States with the death of Hoxie Simmons
10 January 1963 Upper Umpqua Na-Dene Oregon, United States with the death of Wolverton Orton
1963 Jorá Tupi Bolivia
after 1962 Xukuru Xukuruan Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil Known from a wordlist and sketch from Geraldo Lapenda (1962).
1962 Wiyot Algic California, United States with the death of Delia Prince
after 1961 Wyandot Iroquoian Oklahoma, United States; Quebec, Canada
after 1961 Pankararú unclassified Pernambuco, Alagoas, Brazil Only two people remembered the language in 1961.
after 1961 Xocó unclassified Sergipe, Alagoas, Brazil Only a few people remembered the language in 1961 It is not clear if this is a single language.
1961 Northeastern Pomo Pomoan(Hokan?) California, United States
1960 Oriel dialect, Irish Indo-European Ireland with the death of Annie O'Hanlon
1960 Siuslaw Isolate Oregon, United States with the death of Mary Barrett Elliott. Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick
1960s Cuitlatec Isolate Guerrero, Mexico with the death of Juana Can.
1960s Luren Sino-Tibetan Guizhou
1960s Pirlatapa Pama-Nyungan South Australia
1960s Timor Pidgin Portuguese creole East Timor
16 April 1959 Catawba Siouan South Carolina, United States with the death of Chief Sam Blue
22 September 1958 Molala Isolate Oregon, United States with the death of Fred Yelkes
1958 Salinan Isolate (Hokan?) California, United States
1958 Omurano Zaparoan Peru
25 March 1957 Natchez Isolate Mississippi, United States with the death of Nancy Raven. The Natchez people are attempting to revive this language.
1952-1956 Aasáx Afroasiatic Tanzania
after 1954 Tây Bồi French-based Pidgin Vietnam
1954 Central Kalapuya Kalapuyan Oregon, United States with the death of John B. Hudson
1954 Ifo Austronesian Erromanga Island, Vanuatu with the death of James Nalig
1952 Martha's Vineyard Sign Language Sign language Massachusetts, United States with the death of Katie West
1951 Alsea dialect Isolate Oregon, United States with the death of John Albert
ca. 1950 Bohemian Romani mixed language Czechoslovakia, Central Europe after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
1950 Kaniet Austronesian Manus Province, Papua New Guinea
ca. 1950s Makuva Trans–New Guinea? East Timor
ca. 1950s Kilit Indo-European Nakhchivan
ca. 1950s Pijao unclassified Tolima Department, Colombia
1950s Kepkiriwát Tupian Rondônia, Brazil
mid-20th century Ventureño Chumashan California, United States
mid-20th century Kawishana Arawakan Brazil presumably extinct
mid-20th century Basay Austronesian Taiwan
mid-20th century Sidi Niger-Congo Kathiawar, India; also known as Habsi.
mid-20th century Slovincian Indo-European Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century Southern Pame Oto-Manguean Southern Mexico
mid-20th century Kipea Macro-Gê Eastern Brazil
mid-20th century Dzubukua Macro-Gê Pernambuco, Brazil
mid-20th century Tequiraca Tequiraca–Canichana? Loreto, Peru
around mid-20th century Tubar Uto-Aztecan Northern Mexico
around mid-20th century? Chico Maiduan Central California
after 1949 Kunza unclassified Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
after 1949 Mikira Cahuapanan Loreto, Peru A word list was made by Enrique Stanko Vráz in 1949.
6 December 1948 Tunica Isolate Louisiana, United States with the death of Sesostrie Youchigant
after 1947 Gafat Afroasiatic along the Abbay River, Ethiopia
3 March 1940 Pentlatch Salishan Vancouver Island, Canada with the death of Joe Nimnim
28 January 1940 Chitimacha Isolate Louisiana, United States with the death of Delphine Ducloux
ca. 1940 Eudeve Uto-Aztecan Sonora, Mexico
ca. 1940s Chemakum Chimakuan Washington, United States
ca. 1940s Ossory dialect of Irish Indo-European County Kilkenny, Ireland
ca. 1940s Kitanemuk Uto-Aztecan California, United States with the deaths of Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran
ca. 1940s Northern Manx Indo-European Isle of Man
22 May 1939 Rumsen Utian California, United States with the death of Isabel Meadows
9 May 1939 Miluk Coosan Oregon, United States with the death of Annie Miner Peterson
by or after 1939 Judaeo-Piedmontese Indo-European Northwestern Italy
16 January 1937 Northern Kalapuya Kalapuyan Oregon, United States with the death of Louis Kenoyer
1937 Yoncalla Kalapuyan Oregon, United States with the death of Laura Blackery Albertson
1936 Narungga Pama-Nyungan South Australia, Australia
8 January 1935 Biloxi Siouan Louisiana, United States with the death of Emma Jackson
1934 Juaneño Uto-Aztecan California, United States
1934 Puelche Chon Argentina with the death of Trruúlmani
1934 Takelma Isolate Oregon, United States with the death of Frances Johnson
1933 Gabrielino Uto-Aztecan California, United States
between 1931 and 1951 Akar-Bale Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
between 1931 and 1951 Aka-Kede Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
between 1931 and 1951 A-Pucikwar Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
after 1931 Tonkawa Isolate Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, United States
after 1931 Jaquirana Remo Panoan Amazonas, Brazil A word list was made in 1931.
after 1931 Tuxinawa Panoan Acre, Brazil A word list was made in 1931.
by 1931 Aka-Bea Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
by 1931 Oko-Juwoi Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
after 1930 Sensi Panoan right bank of Ucayali River, Peru A word list was created by Günter Tessmann in 1930.
c. 1930 Mattole Na-Dene California, United States
29 January 1930 Mutsun Utian California, United States with the death of Ascencion Solorsano
c. 1930s Cayuse Isolate/unclassified Oregon, United States
c. 1930s Kathlamet Chinookan Washington/Oregon, United States with the death of Charles Cultee
c. 1930s Lower Chinook Chinookan Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s Mahican Algic New York, United States
c. 1930s Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook Chinookan Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s Kitsai Caddoan Oklahoma, United States with the death of Kai Kai
c. 1930s Tapachultec Mixe–Zoque Southern Mexico
before 1930s Kwalhioqua Na-Dene Washington, United States
by 1930 Opata Uto-Aztecan Northern Mexico
between 1920 and 1940 Ajawa Afroasiatic Bauchi State, Nigeria
25 December 1929 Kaurna Pama-Nyungan South Australia with the death of Ivaritji, now being revived
c. 1929 Bear River Na-Dene California, US
1928 Ottoman Turkish Turkic Turkey Evolved into Turkish in 1928.
after 1927 Tarauacá Kashinawa Panoan Amazonas, Brazil A word list was made in 1927.
after 1927 Blanco River Remo Panoan Loreto Province, Peru A word list was made in 1927.
after 1925 Subtiaba Oto-Manguean (Subtiaba-Tlapanec) Nicaragua
1925 AD Papuan Pidgin English English-based pidgin British New Guinea
1925 AD Vanji Indo-European Emirate of Bukhara
January 1922 Chimariko Isolate California, United States with the death of Sally Noble
after 1921 Chagatai Turkic Central Asia including Turkmenistan Chagtai is still studied in Uzbekistan and Turkey.
30 June 1921 Tataviam Uto-Aztecan California, United States with the death of Juan José Fustero
by 1921 Aka-Kol Andamanese Andaman Islands, India
After 1920 Sinacantán Xincan Santa Rosa, Guatemala A word list was created by Walther Lehmann in 1920.
ca. 1920 Mochica Chimuan northwest Peru
ca. 1920s Fergana Kipchak Turkic Fergana Valley
ca. 1920s Chochenyo Utian California, United States
ca. 1920s Island Carib Cariban Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea An offshoot survives as Garifuna.
around the 1920s Otuke Macro-Jê Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz
by 1920 Yupiltepeque Xincan Guatemala
after 1917 Pochutec Uto-Aztecan Oaxaca, Mexico
15 June 1917 Obispeño Chumashan Southern California, United States with the death of Rosario Cooper
25 March 1916 Yahi Isolate (Hokan?) California, United States with the death of Ishi
1915 Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya Kalapuyan Oregon, United States
1910s ǀXam Tuu South Africa
after 1908 Siraya Austronesian southwestern Taiwan
18 July 1908 Mohegan-Pequot Algic southern New England, United States with the death of Fidelia Fielding
24 February 1905 Tasmanian unclassified Tasmania, Australia with the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith
after 1906 Arazaire Panoan Cusco Province, Peru A word list was recorded in 1906.
after 1904 Atsawaka Panoan Puno Province, Peru There were 20 speakers in 1904.
after 1902 Dyirringany Pama–Nyungan New South Wales, Australia
between 1900 and 1920 Chinese Kyakala Tungusic Northeastern China
between 1900 and 1920 Jangil Ongan Andaman Islands, India
ca. 1900 Henniker Sign Language Village sign New Hampshire, United States
ca. 1900 Tongva language Uto-Aztecan Southern California, United States being revived
ca. 1900 Payagua language Mataco–Guaicuru? Alto Paraguay, Paraguay
ca. 1900 Moran Sino-Tibetan Assam, India
1900 Wulguru Pama-Nyungan Australia
by 1900 Classical Mandaic Afroasiatic Iran; Iraq
by 1900 Piro Pueblo Tanoan New Mexico, United States
1900s AD Iazychie Indo-European Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia
1900s AD Judeo-Venetian Indo-European Venice
1900s AD Rotvælsk Indo-European Denmark
early 20th century Atakapa Isolate Louisiana/Texas, United States
early 20th century Kamakã Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
early 20th century Jersey Dutch Dutch-based creole New Jersey, United States
early 20th century Kazukuru Austronesian New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century Chaná Charruan Uruguay
early 20th century Marawán Arawakan Brazil
early 20th century East Leinster dialect, Irish Indo-European Ireland
early 20th century Ingain Macro-Jê Santa Catarina, Brazil
beginning of the 20th century AD Rangas Sino-Tibetan Uttarakhand

19th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
19th-20th century Yuri Ticuna-Yuri Along the Caquetá River.
late 19th century Adai Isolate Louisiana, United States
late 19th century Purí Macro-Jê southeastern Brazil
late 19th century Coroado Purí Macro-Jê southeastern Brazil
late 19th century Istrian Albanian Albanian Croatia
late 19th century Shebaya Arawakan Trinidad
later 19th century (?) Mbara Pama-Nyungan Australia
May 1900 Moriori Austronesian Chatham Island, New Zealand with the death of Hirawanu Tapu.
ca. 1899 Nawathinehena Algic Oklahoma and Wyoming, United States
by 1899 Ahom Tai India
by 1899 Waling Sino-Tibetan Nepal
10 June 1898 Dalmatian Indo-European Croatia; Montenegro with the death of Tuone Udaina.
after 1894 Tsetsaut Na-Dene British Columbia, Canada
after 1892 Awabakal Pama-Nyungan Queensland, Australia
after 1886 Maritsauá Tupian Mato Grosso, Brazil Word list was made in 1884 during the Shingú river expedition.
after 1886 Solteco Zapotec Oto-Manguean Oaxaca, Mexico
after 1886 Comecrudo Comecrudan Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1886 Cotoname Isolate Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1884 Yaquina dialect Isolate Oregon, United States
after 1880 Kenaboi unclassified (isolate?) Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
ca. 1880 Auregnais Indo-European Alderney, United Kingdom
1877 Aruá Arauan Brazil
after 1871 Duit Chibcha Boyacá, Colombia One fragment analysed by scholar Ezequiel Uricoechea in 1871.
8 May 1876 Bruny Island Tasmanian Tasmania, Australia with the death of Truganini
mid-1870s Yola Indo-European Wexford, Ireland
21 February 1871 Tutelo Siouan Virginia, United States with the death of Nikonha
1870 Clatskanie Na-Dene Washington (state), United States
1870s-1890s AD Yokohamese Japanese based pidgin Yokohama
after 1867 Andoquero Witotoan Colombia
1864 Xakriabá Macro-Jê Minas Gerais state, Brazil
1862 Caquetio Arawakan Aruba with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas
1858 Karankawa unclassified Texas, United States concurrent with the extermination of the tribe at the hands of Juan Cortina
ca. 1857 Woiwurrung Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia
26 December 1856 Nanticoke Algic Delaware and Maryland, United States with the death of Lydia Clark
12 January 1855 Wampanoag Algic Massachusetts, United States Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable
after 1853 Samaritan Afroasiatic West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories Still used as a liturgical language
19 October 1853 Nicoleño Uto-Aztecan California, United States with the death of Juana Maria
after 1851 Wainumá-Mariaté Arawakan Amazonas, Colombia A word list was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1851.
after 1850 Hibito Hibito–Cholon Bobonaje River Valley There were 500 Speakers in 1850.
ca. 1850 Norn Indo-European Northern Isles, United Kingdom with the death of Walter Sutherland
mid-19th century Shinnecock Algic New York, United States
mid-19th century Betoi Betoi-Saliban? Orinoco Llanos
ca. 1850s Kott Yeniseian central Siberia, Russia
after or during 1840s Bororo of Cabaçal Macro-Jê languages Mato Grosso, Brazil
ca. 1840s Mator Uralic Sayan Mountains, Russia
after 1839 Gulidjan Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia
1838 Nottoway Iroquoian Virginia, United States with the death of Edith Turner
after 1836 Wathawurrung Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia
after 1835 Pali Indo-European India; Myanmar
after 1833 Esselen Isolate (Hokan?) California, United States
after 1833 Cararí Arawakan Mucuim River, Amazonas, Brazil A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1833.
after 1832 Charrúa Charruan languages Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832 Guenoa language Charruan languages Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832 Aroaqui Arawakan Lower Rio Negro Brazil A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1832 Parawana Arawakan Lower Branco River Brazil A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1831 Mepuri Arawakan Amazonas, Brazil A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
after 1831 Mainatari Arawakan Siapa River (Orinoco basin) Venezuela A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
6 June 1829 Beothuk Algic (disputed) Newfoundland, Canada with the death of Shanawdithit
after 1828 Garza Comecrudan Mexico
after 1828 Mamulique Comecrudan Nuevo León, Mexico
1821 Karkin Utian California, United States
1820s-1830s Acroá Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
after 1819 Peerapper Tasmanian Tasmania, Australia
10 April 1815 Tambora unclassified (Papuan) Sumbawa following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.
after 1808 Nuennone Tasmanian Tasmania, Australia
ca. 1803 Bunwurrung Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia
ca. 1800 Krevinian Uralic Latvia
ca. 1800 Pallanganmiddang Pama-Nyungan Victoria, Australia
ca. 19th century Assan Yeniseian central Siberia, Russia
ca. 19th century Coptic Afroasiatic Egypt apparently only in scattered places since the 17th century; still in use as a liturgical language
ca. 19th century Crimean Gothic Indo-European Crimea, Ukraine
ca. 19th century Mangue Oto-Manguean Central America
ca. 19th century Sandy River Valley Sign Language Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or isolate Maine, United States
ca. 19th century Volga Türki Turkic Idel-Ural Evolved into Bashkir and Tatar.
19th century Chorotega Oto-Manguean Costa Rica; Nicaragua
19th century Jaikó Macro-Jê southeastern Piauí
19th century Kemi Sami Uralic Lapland, Finland
19th century Matagalpa Misumalpan Nicaragua
19th century Mediterranean Lingua Franca Romance-based Pidgin Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus
19th century Ramaytush Utian California, United States
19th century Solombala English EnglishRussian pidgin Solombala Shipyard
early 19th century Cochimí Yuman-Cochimi (Hokan?) Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century Pumpokol Yeniseian central Siberia, Russia
early 19th century Wila' Austroasiatic Seberang Perai, Malaysia
early 19th century Yurats Samoyedic central Siberia, Russia

18th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
late 18th century Esuma Kwa southern Côte d'Ivoire
late 18th century Maipure Arawakan Upper Orinoco region
late 18th century Ruthenian Indo-European Eastern Slavic regions of Poland-Lithuania Evolved into Belarusian, Ukrainian and Rusyn.
after the late 1790s Chiriba Panoan Moxos Province, Bolivia All that was recorded of it was a list of seven words in the late 1790s.
after 1794 Magiana Arawakan Bolivia Magiana, an extinct Bolivia-Parana Arawakan language of Bolivia attested only with the wordlist in Palau, Mercedes and Blanca Saiz 1989 .
after 1791 Eora Pama-Nyungan Queensland and New South Wales, Australia
after 1791 Quiripi Algic Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, United States
ca. 1790s Powhatan Algic eastern Virginia, United States
ca. 1790s Ramanos unclassified Moxos Province, Bolivia
after 1788 Gundungurra Pama-Nyungan New South Wales, Australia
after 1788 Otomaco Otomakoan Venezuelan Llanos Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788 Taparita Otomakoan Venezuelan Llanos Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788 Ngunnawal Pama-Nyungan New South Wales, Australia
after 1788 Thurawal Pama-Nyungan New South Wales, Australia
26 December 1777 Cornish Indo-European Cornwall, England with the death of Dolly Pentreath
after 1770 Weyto unclassified Ethiopia
after 1770 Tamanaku Cariban languages Venezuela
1770 Cuman Turkic north of Black Sea; Hungary with the death of István Varró [fr]
ca. 1770s Abipón Mataco–Guaicuru Argentina
after 1763 Susquehannock Iroquoian Northeastern United States After the Conestoga massacre.
1760 Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic Indo-European Scotland, United Kingdom with the death of Margaret McMurray
3 October 1756 Polabian Indo-European around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany with the death of Emerentz Schultze
ca. 1730s Arin Yeniseian central Siberia, Russia
18th Century Ajem-Turkic Turkic Iran, Eastern Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Dagestan Evolved into Azerbaijani.
18th century Chané Arawakan Argentina a dialect of Terêna
18th century Chibcha Chibchan Colombia
18th century Classical Gaelic Indo-European Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom The literary language. Fell out of use with the collapse of Gaelic society.
18th century Coahuilteco Isolate/unclassified Mexico; Texas, United States
18th century Loup Algic Massachusetts and Connecticut, United States
18th century Manao Arawakan Brazil
18th Century Plateau Sign Language Contact pidgin Columbia Plateau, United States
18th century or earlier Chuvan Yukaghir Chuvan was spoken in Anadyr (river) basin of Chukotka in Russia.
18th century or earlier Omok Yukaghir Omok was spoken in Sakha and Magadan in Russia.
early 18th century Apalachee Muskogean Florida, United States
early 18th century Old Prussian Indo-European Poland

17th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
between 17th and 19th century Niuatoputapu Austronesian Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga
late 17th to early 18th century Cacán unclassified northern Argentina; Chile
Maybe 17th to 18th century Acaxee Uto-Aztecan Northwestern Mexico
Maybe 17th to 18th century Xixime Uto-Aztecan Northwestern Mexico
by 1700 Pidgin Delaware Delaware-based pidgin Delaware, United States
late 17th century Sudovian Indo-European Lithuania
after 1666 Old Kentish Sign Language Village sign language Kent, England
after mid 17th century AD Favorlang Austronesian Taiwan
after 1643 Narragansett Algic New England, United States
after 1640 Yaio Cariban Trinidad and French Guiana Attested in a 1640 word list recorded by Joannes de Laet.
ca. 1635 Jurchen Tungusic Manchuria, China Evolved into Manchu.
after 1618 Lumbee Algic North Carolina and Maryland, United States
after 1618 Carolina Algonquian Algic North Carolina, United States
17th century AD Andalusi Arabic Afroasiatic southern Spain
17th century AD Armeno-Kipchak Turkic Crimea
17th century AD Adhari Indo-European Iranian Azerbaijan
17th century AD Basque–Icelandic pidgin BasqueIcelandic Pidgin Iceland
17th century AD Cazcan Uto-Aztecan Mexico
17th century AD Curonian Indo-European Latvia
17th century AD Etchemin Algic Maine, United States
17th century AD Gorgotoqui Macro-Jê eastern Bolivia

16th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
16th-18th century Gorgani Indo-European Gorgan
late 16th century Knaanic Indo-European Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century Laurentian Iroquoian Quebec/Ontario, Canada
after 1586 Palta unclassified Ecuador
after 1548 Taino Arawakan The Bahamas and Puerto Rico
1535 Cueva unclassified Chocoan? Darién Province, Panama The Cueva people were exterminated between 1510 and 1535 during Spanish colonization.
after 1516 Mamluk-Kipchak Turkic Egypt and Syria
after 1502 Tangut Sino-Tibetan northwestern China; southern Mongolia
16th century Guanahatabey unclassified Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud, Cuba
16th century Guanche unclassified, maybe Berber Canary Islands, Spain
16th century Judaeo-Portuguese Indo-European Belmonte, Portugal
16th century Meshchera Uralic Meshchera Lowlands
16th century Navarro-Aragonese Indo-European southern Navarre, Spain Aragonese is still spoken as a minority language in Spain.
16th century Old Novgorod Indo-European Novgorod Republic
16th century Semigallian Indo-European Latvia; Lithuania

15th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
After 1492 Judaeo-Aragonese Indo-European North Central Spain After the Alhambra Decree
After 1492 Judaeo-Catalan Indo-European Eastern Spain After the Alhambra Decree
15th century AD African Romance Indo-European Roman Africa
15th century AD Jassic Indo-European Hungary
15th century AD Old Anatolian Turkish Turkic Anatolia Emerged in Anatolia late 11th century, and developed into early Ottoman Turkish.
15th century AD Old Nubian Eastern Sudanic Nubia Evolved into Nobiin.
15th century AD Tamna Japonic? Tamna
end of 15th century Mozarabic Indo-European Spain; Portugal
late 15th century Greenlandic Norse Indo-European Greenland
late 15th century Selonian Indo-European Latvia; Lithuania

14th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
14th century AD Bulgar Turkic Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia By the 9th or 10th centuries on the Danube and by the 14th century in the Volga region. It may have ultimately given rise to the Chuvash language, which is most closely related to it.
14th century AD Daylami Indo-European South Caspian Sea
14th century AD Franco-Italian Indo-European Northern Italy
14th century AD Galician-Portuguese Indo-European northwestern Spain, northern Portugal Evolved into Galician, Portuguese, Eonavian and Fala. Some linguists argue that said languages could all still be considered modern varieties of Galician-Portuguese itself.
14th century AD Khorezmian Turkic Turkic Central Asia Evolved into Chagatai.
14th century AD Old Uyghur Turkic Central Asia, East Asia|
14th century AD West Galindian Indo-European northern Poland
14th century AD Zarphatic Indo-European northern France; west-central Germany

13th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
After 20 June 1244 Khitan Mongolic Central Asia with the death of Yelü Chucai
13th century Karakhanid Turkic Central Asia Evolved into Khorezmian Turkic.
13th century Pyu Sino-Tibetan central Myanmar
13th century Siculo-Arabic Afroasiatic Emirate of Sicily Evolved into Maltese.
13th century Skalvian Indo-European Scalovia
12-13th centuries AD Balhae Tungusic? Balhae

12th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
12th century AD East Galindian Indo-European Protva basin
12th century AD Khwarezmian Indo-European Khwarazm
12th century AD Pecheneg Turkic Eastern Europe

11th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
between 1000 and 1300 AD Khazar Turkic northern Caucasus; Central Asia
11th – 12th century AD Cumbric Indo-European England/Scotland, United Kingdom
11th – 12th century AD Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Afroasiatic Iraq
ca. 1000 AD Lombardic Indo-European central Europe; northern Italy
ca. 1000 AD Merya Uralic Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000 AD Moselle Romance Indo-European Moselle
ca. 1000 AD Muromian Uralic Vladimir Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000 AD Old Church Slavonic Indo-European Eastern Europe still used as a liturgical language
ca. 1000 AD Shauraseni Prakrit Indo-European Medieval India
ca. 1000 AD Sogdian Indo-European Sogdia Evolved into Yaghnobi.

10th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
10th – 12th century AD Syriac Afroasiatic Turkey; Iraq; Syria now only used as liturgical language
10th – 12th century AD Samaritan Aramaic Afroasiatic West Bank, Palestine; Israel now only used as liturgical language
10th century AD Himyaritic Afroasiatic Yemen
10th century AD Paishachi Indo-European North India
10th century AD Pannonian Latin Indo-European Pannonia
10th century AD Saka Indo-European Xinjiang, China Evolved into Wakhi.
10th century AD Zhang-Zhung Sino-Tibetan western Tibet (Central Asia)

9th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
9th century AD or later Pictish Indo-European Scotland, United Kingdom
after 840 AD Tocharian Indo-European Tarim Basin (Central Asia)
9th century AD Gothic Indo-European Spain; Portugal; Italy With the exception of Crimean Gothic

8th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
8th century AD Aghwan Northeast Caucasian Azerbaijan Evolved into Udi.
8th century AD British Latin Indo-European Roman Britain
8th century AD Orkhon Turkic Turkic Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Eastern Asia Evolved into Old Uyghur.

7th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
7th-10th century? Goguryeo Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic Korea, China
after 620 AD Rouran Mongolic or isolate Northern China and Mongolia
ca. 600 Avestan Indo-European Iran
7th century AD Baekje Koreanic Korea may be more than one language.
7th century AD Buyeo Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic Manchuria
7th century AD Gaya unclassified Korea
7th century AD Mahan Koreanic? Mahan confederacy

6th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
6th century AD Ancient Cappadocian Indo-European Anatolia
6th century AD Burgundian Indo-European Kingdom of the Burgundians
6th century AD Dacian Indo-European Balkans
6th century AD Gaulish Indo-European Gaul: France, Belgium, Germany and elsewhere
6th century AD Illyrian Indo-European western Balkans disputed
6th century AD Okjeo Koreanic? Okjeo
6th century AD Sabaean Afroasiatic Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century AD Tuyuhun Para-Mongolic Northern China Spoken around 500 AD.
6th century AD Vandalic Indo-European Spain; North Africa
6th century AD Ye-Maek Koreanic? Yemaek

5th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
5th – 6th century Hadramautic Afroasiatic Dhofar Mountains
before 6th century Ligurian unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European northwestern Italy; southeastern France
after 453 Hunnic unclassified, possibly Oghuric from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
ca. 400 AD Egyptian Afro-Asiatic Ancient Egypt With the exception of Coptic.
ca. 400 AD Meroitic unclassified, maybe Nubian Sudan
5th century Alanic Indo-European Alania and Iberia Evolved into Ossetian.
5th century Isaurian Indo-European Anatolia
5th century Thracian Indo-European eastern and central Balkans
early 5th century Punic Afroasiatic North Africa
after 400 AD Phrygian Indo-European southeastern Bulgaria; Anatolia

4th century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
4th century AD Hismaic Afroasiatic Ḥismā Oasis
4th century CE Aquitanian Isolate or Vasconic Novempopulania and Basque Country Evolved into Basque.
4th century CE Galatian Indo-European central Anatolia
4th century CE Geʽez Afroasiatic Ethiopia; Eritrea still used as a liturgical language
4th century CE Biblical Hebrew Afroasiatic Israel revived in the 1880s
after 300 CE Parthian Indo-European Iran

3rd century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
after 274 AD Palmyrene Aramaic Afroasiatic Palmyrene Empire extended to the Western Roman Empire as far as Britannia
after 267 AD Thamudic Afroasiatic Kingdom of Thamud
3rd century AD Gandhari Indo-European Gandhara
3rd century AD Rhaetic unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian eastern Alps
3rd century AD Safaitic Afroasiatic Syria
3rd century AD Sidicini Indo-European Italy
3rd century AD Xianbei Para-Mongolic Xianbei state
c. 200 CE Qatabanian Afro-Asiatic Yemen

2nd century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
after 2nd century AD Noric Indo-European Austria; Slovenia
after 2nd century AD Pisidian Indo-European southwestern Anatolia
after 150 AD Bactrian Indo-European Afghanistan
150 AD Marsian Indo-European Marsica
100 AD Akkadian Afroasiatic Mesopotamia
100 AD Armazic Afroasiatic South Caucasus
100 AD Etruscan Tyrsenian central Italy

100 AD Hasaitic Afroasiatic Al-Ahsa Oasis
ca. 2nd century AD Celtiberian Indo-European central-eastern Spain
ca. 2nd century AD Gallaecian Indo-European northwestern Spain, northern Portugal
2nd century AD Lusitanian unclassified Portugal, southwestern Spain
ca. 2nd century AD Nuragic Indo-European Sardinia
ca. 2nd century AD Sorothaptic Indo-European eastern Spain

1st century

Date Language Language family Region Notes
1st – 2nd century AD Iberian unclassified Spain; France
1st – 2nd century AD Paeonian Indo-European Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
Approximately 50 AD Lycaonian unclassified Lycaonia
1st century AD Liburnian Indo-European western Croatia
1st century AD Median Indo-European Persia
1st century AD Nabataean Arabic Afro-Asiatic Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
1st century AD Venetic Indo-European northeastern Italy
Approximately 100 AD Oscan Indo-European southern Italy

1st century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
50 BC Cisalpine Gaulish Indo-European Cisalpine Gaul
1st century BC Elymian unclassified western Sicily
1st century BC Lycian Indo-European southwestern Anatolia
1st century BC Lydian Indo-European western Anatolia
1st century BC Messapic Indo-European Apulia, Italy
1st century BC Mysian Indo-European northwestern Anatolia
1st century BC Sabine Indo-European central Italy
1st century BC Sicanian unclassified central Sicily
1st century BC Sicel Indo-European eastern Sicily
1st century BC Umbrian Indo-European central Italy
early 1st millennium BC Eteocretan Isolate/unclassified Crete, Greece
1st millennium BC Milyan Indo-European Anatolia

2nd century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
ca. 100 BC Paelignian Indo-European Valle Peligna
100 BC Vestinian Indo-European east-central Italy
ca. 150 BC Faliscan Indo-European Tuscany/Latium, Italy
ca. 100 BC Minaean Afro-Asiatic Yemen
2nd century BC Phoenician Afro-Asiatic Canaan, North Africa, Cyprus, Iberia, Sicily, Malta and Sardinia

3rd century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
232 BC Ashokan Prakrit Indo-European South Asia
ca. 3rd century BC Aequian Indo-European Latium, east-central Italy
ca. 3rd century BC Carian Indo-European southwestern Anatolia
ca. 3rd century BC Elu Indo-European Sri Lanka Evolved into Sinhala and Dhivehi.
ca. 3rd century BC Lucanian Indo-European Lucania
ca. 3rd century BC Siculian Indo-European Sicily
ca. 3rd century BC Sidetic Indo-European southwestern Anatolia
ca. 3rd century BC Volscian Indo-European Italy; Latium
ca. 200 BC Numidian Afro-Asiatic Numidia

4th century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
early 4th century BC Eteocypriot Isolate/unclassified Cyprus
4th century BC Ancient Macedonian Indo-European northeastern Greece
4th century BC Kassite Hurro-Urartian? Babylon
4th century BC South Picene Indo-European Picenum
ca. 300 BC Marrucinian Indo-European Chieti
ca. 300 BC Philistine unclassified, maybe Indo-European Israel; Lebanon
ca. 350 BC Elamite Isolate Persia; southern Mesopotamia

5th century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
after 5th century BC Tartessian unclassified Spain
5th century BC Ammonite Afroasiatic northwestern Jordan
5th century BC Moabite Afroasiatic northwestern Jordan
5th century BC North Picene unclassified Picenum
ca. 400 BC Lepontic Indo-European northern Italy
early 5th century BC Oenotrian Indo-European Southern Italy
second half of the 1st millennium BC Dadanitic Afroasiatic Lihyan

6th century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
after 6th century BC Lemnian Tyrsenian Lemnos, Greece
second half of the 6th century BC Taymanitic Afroasiatic Tayma
500 BC Lanuvian Indo-European Lanuvium
500 BC Praenestinian Indo-European Palestrina
500 BC Pre-Samnite Indo-European Campania
6th century BC Edomite Afroasiatic southwestern Jordan
6th century BC Urartian Hurro-Urartian Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Anatolia

7th century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
620-580 BC Cimmerian Indo-European North Caucasus and West Asia
ca. 600 BC Dumaitic Afroasiatic Dumat al-Jandal
ca. 600 BC Luwian Indo-European Anatolia; northern Syria

8th century BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
730s BC Samalian Afro-Asiatic Samʾal
770s BC South Gileadite Afro-Asiatic Deir Alla
after 800 BC Kaskian Unclassified Northeastern Anatolia and Colchis

2nd millennium BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
ca. 1000 BC Hurrian Hurro-Urartian Anatolia; Syria; Mesopotamia
ca. 1050 BC Cypro-Minoan unclassified Cyprus may have evolved into Eteocypriot.
ca. 1100 BC Sutean Afro-Asiatic Northeast Syria Spoken around 2100 BCE
ca. 1100 BC Hittite Indo-European Anatolia
after 1170 BC Ugaritic Afroasiatic Syria following the destruction of Ugarit
ca. 1200 BC Kalasmaic Indo-European Kalasma
ca. 1200 BC Mycenaean Greek Indo-European Mycenaean Greece and western Anatolia
after 1300s BC Mitanni-Aryan Indo-European Mitanni
ca. 1300 BC Palaic Indo-European northwest Anatolia
ca. 1450 BC Minoan unclassified Crete may have evolved into Eteocretan.
ca. 1500 BC Hattic unclassified, possibly Northwest Caucasian Anatolia
ca. 1600 BC Amorite Afro-Asiatic Levant
ca. 1900 BC Harappan unclassified, possibly Dravidian Indus River
c. 2000-1800 BC Sumerian Isolate Mesopotamia used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 CE

3rd millennium BCE

Date Language Language family Region Notes
after 2200 BC Gutian unclassified Zagros Mountains?
3rd millennium BC Eblaite Afroasiatic Syria

Unknown date

Date Language Language family Region Notes
UNK Amarizana Arawakan Meta Department, Colombia
UNK Amazon Mayoruna Panoan Amazon basin, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia
UNK Anauyá Arawakan Castaño Viejo River Amazonas, Venezuela
UNK Apingi Cariban South America
UNK Arakajú Cariban South America
UNK Aravirá Macro-Jê Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz Nothing is known directly about this language.
UNK Arma Chocoan? Colombia Unattested
UNK Aroã Arawakan Marajó
UNK Atanque Chibchan Cesar Department, Colombia
UNK Aushiri Zaparoan Loreto, Peru
UNK Auyokawa Afro-Asiatic Jigawa State
UNK Boanarí Cariban South America
UNK Cabre Arawakan Colombia
UNK Chakpa Sino-Tibetan Manipur
UNK Conambo Zaparoan North Eastern Peru near the Conambo River. Some consider Conambo to be a dialect of Záparo.
UNK Custenau Arawakan Mato Grosso, Brazil
UNK Di Turkic? western China
UNK Dorasque Chibchan Panama and Costa Rica
UNK Ermiteño Chavacano Ermita, Manila, Philippines Spanish-based creole
UNK Garachi Indo-European Azerbaijan
UNK Gueren Macro-Jê Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK Huetar Chibchan Alajuela, Costa Rica
UNK Jandiatuba Mayoruna Panoan Amazon basin, Brazil
UNK Jie Yeniseian North China Possibly evolved into Pumpokol.
UNK Juma Cariban South America
UNK Kambojan Indo-European Kamboja Kingdom
UNK Kamurú Macro-Jê Eastern Brazil
UNK Kariaí Arawakan Roraima, Brazil
UNK Koropó Macro-Jê Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK Kotoxó Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
UNK Kulon Austronesian Taiwan
UNK Loun Austronesian Maluku Islands
UNK Malalí Macro-Jê Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK Mangaló Macro-Jê Bahia and Minas Gerais
UNK Masakará Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
UNK Maynas Cahuapanan? Loreto, Peru
UNK Menién Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
UNK Morique Arawakan Between the Ucayali River and Javari River
UNK Nam Sino-Tibetan Central Asia
UNK Nutabe Chibchan Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK Old Catio Chibchan Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK Olmec unclassified, possibly Mixe-Zoque Mexico
UNK Opón Cariban Colombia
UNK Pahlavani Indo-European Chakhansur District
UNK Paleo-Corsican unclassified Corsica
UNK Palmela Cariban South America
UNK Paravilyana Cariban South America
UNK Pasé Arawakan Brazil
UNK Pawishiana Cariban South America
UNK Pimenteira Cariban South America
UNK Purukotó Cariban South America
UNK Quimbaya unclassified Colombia Might not be a distinct language.
UNK Sabujá Macro-Jê Bahia, Brazil
UNK Sapará Cariban South America
UNK Sinúfana Chocoan? Colombia Poorly attested
UNK Sorung Austronesian Erromango
UNK Suebian Indo-European Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia
UNK Tiverikoto Cariban South America
UNK Tuoba Mongolic or Turkic Northern China Spoken around the 5th century AD.
UNK Vazimba Austronesian Madagascar
UNK Villa Viciosa Agta Austronesian Villaviciosa, Abra Philippines unattested
UNK Voto Chibchan Costa Rica
UNK Waamwang Austronesian Voh, New Caledonia
UNK Wajumará Cariban South America
UNK Waraikú Arawakan Brazil
UNK Western Jicaque Hokan? Honduras
UNK Wiriná Arawakan Brazil
UNK Wusun Indo-European between the Qilian Mountains and Dunhuang
UNK Xiongnu unknown Mongolia
UNK Yabaâna Arawakan Brazil
UNK Yarumá Cariban South America
UNK Yumana Arawakan Brazil

See also

Notes

  1. Last surviving native speaker; it is being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.
  2. Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.
  3. Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean
  4. The last full-blooded Selknam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the languages until the 1980s.
  5. Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language
  6. Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana
  7. Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.
  8. Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language; however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.
  9. Last full-blooded speaker, though partial knowledge of this language continued among mixed Cayuga-Tutelo descendants for some time.
  10. Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.
  11. Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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