Misplaced Pages

Notioprogonia Temporal range: Late Paleocene-Early Oligocene (Itaboraian-Tinguirirican) ~58.7–28.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Skull of Notostylops
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Notoungulata
Suborder:	†Notioprogonia Simpson 1934
Families
†Henricosborniidae †Notostylopidae

Notioprogonia is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes two families, Henricosborniidae and Notostylopidae.

Notioprogonia includes the most primitive notoungulates and Cifelli 1993 has argued that Notioprogonia is paraphyletic because it would include the ancestors of the remaining suborders. Notioprogonia is not a natural group but an assemblage of primitive notoungulates; the two families assigned here simply do not clearly belong to any other clades.

Description

Henricosborniids such as Henricosbornia and Othnielmarshia from the late Paleocene (Itaboraian-Casamayoran SALMA) have generalized, low-crowned teeth with the dental formula 3.1.4.33.1.4.3 and are dentally the most primitive notoungulates, most likely located near the origin of all other notoungulates. Simpsonotus, also from the late Paleocene and geologically the oldest notoungulate, provides us with the only known Henricoborniid skull. It lacks an epitympanic sinus and a tympanic crest, auditory specializations that are considered synapomorphic of notoungulates, which suggests that these features evolved within notoungulates. Simpsonotus' anterior dentition, on the other hand, is slightly odd and apparently derived, which suggest that it represents a divergent lineage.

Notostylopids such as the Casamayoran Notostylops and Boreastylops are slightly more derived than henricoborniids. Their dentition make them superficially similar to early primate-like (non-South American) mammals such as Plesiadapis.

Arctostylopidae, a family known from the northern hemisphere, was previously included in Notioprogonia, but their resemblance to notoungulates is now believed to be convergent. Simpson 1934 included Arctostylopidae when he first described Notioprogonia, and explained:

The Suborder Notioprogonia is, therefore, named and defined to solve the present problem. The creation of this fourth suborder makes the differentiation of the other three much easier and renders it possible to make an arrangement of all the adequately known notoungulates which is relatively free of anomalies and confusion. The suborder is largely, but not exclusively, defined on primitive and negative characters. This does not necessarily make the group less distinctive, even verbally, since it includes no strongly aberrant forms which need to be considered as exceptional within it and since the other groups include no adequately known forms which are readily confused with notioprogonians.

Classification

• †Family Henricosborniidae
  • †Henricosbornia
  • †Othnielmarshia
  • †Peripantostylops
  • †Simpsonotus
• †Family Notostylopidae
  • †Anastylops
  • †Boreastylops
  • †Edvardotrouessartia
  • †Homalostylops
  • †Notostylops
  • †Otrhonia
  • †Parastylops
• Incertae sedis
  • †Satshatemnus
  • †Seudenius

References

1. McKenna & Bell 1997, pp. 455–456
2. Notioprogonia in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
3. Cifelli 1993, pp. 195–216
4. ^ Rose 2006, pp. 229–30
5. Simpson 1934, p. 15

Bibliography

• Cifelli, Richard L. (1993). Szalay, F. S.; Novacek, M. J.; McKenna, M. C. (eds.). The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates. Vol. 2, Placentals. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-97853-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11013-8.
• Rose, Kenneth David (2006). The beginning of the age of mammals. Baltimore: JHU Press. ISBN 0801884721.
• Simpson, George Gaylord (1934). "Provisional Classification of Extinct South American Hoofed Mammals" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (750): 1–21. OCLC 44042034. Retrieved April 7, 2013.

External links

• "Meridiungulata: Notoungulata: "Notioprogonia"". Palaeos. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26.

v t e Genera of South American native ungulates
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Xenungulata, Pyrotheria, Astrapotheria, and other minor groups †Kollpaniidae? Andinodus Molinodus Pascualodus? Pucanodus Simoclaenus Tiuclaenus †Didolodontidae Didolodus Enneoconus Ernestokokenia Escribania? Lamegoia Paulogervaisia Raulvaccia Ricardocifellia Saltaodus Umayodus Xesmodon †Protolipternidae Asmithwoodwardia Miguelsoria Protolipterna †Xenungulata †Carodniidae Carodnia Etayoa Notoetayoa Rodcania †Pyrotheria †Colombitheriidae Colombitherium Proticia †Pyrotheriidae Baguatherium Berracotherium Carolozittelia Griphodon Propyrotherium Pyrotherium †Astrapotheria Eoastrapostylops †Trigonostylopidae Shecenia Tetragonostylops Trigonostylops †Astrapotheriidae Antarctodon Astrapodon Comahuetherium Liarthrus Maddenia Parastrapotherium †Albertogaudryinae Albertogaudrya Astraponotus †Astrapotheriinae Astrapothericulus Astrapotherium Scaglia †Uruguaytheriinae Granastrapotherium Hilarcotherium Uruguaytherium Xenastrapotherium
Litopterna †Eulitopterna †Adianthidae Adianthus Proadiantus Proectocion? Proheptaconus Thadanius Tricoelodus †Macraucheniidae Polymorphis †Cramaucheniinae Caliphrium Coniopternium Cramauchenia Llullataruca Phoenixauchenia Pternoconius Theosodon †Macraucheniinae Cullinia Huayqueriana Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis Micrauchenia Oxyodontherium Paranauchenia Promacrauchenia Scalabrinitherium Windhausenia Xenorhinotherium †Proterotherioidea †Anisolambdidae †Anisolambdinae Anisolambda Eolicaphrium Guilielmofloweria Lambdaconops Paranisolambda Polyacrodon Protheosodon Wainka †Sparnotheriodontinae Heteroglyphis Notiolofos Phoradiadius Sparnotheriodon Victorlemoinea †Proterotheriidae Mesolicaphrium Neodolodus Olisanophus Promylophis Prothoatherium Pseudobrachytherium Salladolodus †Megadolodinae Bounodus Megadolodus †Proterotheriinae Anisolophus Brachytherium Diadiaphorus Diplasiotherium Eoauchenia Epecuenia Epitherium Lambdaconus Neobrachytherium Neolicaphrium Paramacrauchenia Picturotherium Prolicaphrium Proterotherium Tetramerorhinus Thoatheriopsis Thoatherium Uruguayodon Villarroelia †Notopterna †Amilnedwardsiidae Amilnedwardsia Ernestohaeckelia Rutimeyeria †Indaleciidae Adiantoides Indalecia †Notonychopidae Notonychops Requisia Incertae sedis Kyraodus Proacrodon
Notoungulata incertae sedis Acoelodus Archaeogaia Carolodarwinia Perutherium †Notioprogonia Satshatemnus Seudenius †Henricosborniidae Henricosbornia Nanolophodon Othnielmarshia Peripantostylops Simpsonotus †Notostylopidae Boreastylops Chilestylops Edvardotrouessartia Homalostylops Notostylops Otrhonia Parastylops †Toxodontia †Homalodotheriidae Asmodeus Chasicotherium Homalodotherium Trigonolophodon †Isotemnidae Anisotemnus Coelostylodon Distylophorus Hedralophus Isotemnus Lophocoelus Pampatemnus Periphragnis Pleurocoelodon Pleurostylodon Rhyphodon Thomashuxleya †Eutoxodontia †Leontiniidae Anayatherium Ancylocoelus Colpodon Coquenia Elmerriggsia Gualta Henricofilholia Huilatherium Leontinia Martinmiguelia Purperia? Scarrittia Taubatherium Termastherium †Notohippidae Acoelohyrax Argyrohippus Deuterotherium? Edvardocopeia Eomorphippus Eurygenium Mendozahippus Moqueguahippus Morphippus Nesohippus Notohippus Pampahippus Pascualihippus Patagonhippus Perhippidion Plexotemnus Puelia Purperia? Rhynchippus Rosendo Stilhippus Teushentherium Trimerostephanos †Toxodontidae †Nesodontinae Adinotherium Nesodon Proadinotherium †Toxodontinae Abothrodon Andinotoxodon Calchaquitherium Ceratoxodon Charruatoxodon Dinotoxodon Eutomodus Falcontoxodon Gyrinodon Haplodontherium Hemixotodon Hoffstetterius Hyperoxotodon Mesenodon Mesotoxodon Minitoxodon Mixotoxodon Neoadinotherium Neotoxodon Nesodonopsis Nonotherium Ocnerotherium Palyeidodon Paratrigodon Pericotoxodon Piauhytherium Pisanodon Plesiotoxodon Posnanskytherium Prototrigodon Stenotephanos Stereotoxodon Toxodon Toxodontherium Trigodon Trigodonops Xotodon †Typotheria Campanorco Griphotherion †Archaeopithecidae Archaeopithecus Teratopithecus †Oldfieldthomasiidae Allalmeia Brachystephanus Camargomendesia Colbertia Dolichostylodon Itaboraitherium Kibenikhoria Maxschlosseria Oldfieldthomasia Paginula Suniodon Tsamnichoria Ultrapithecus Xenostephanus †Interatheriidae Antofagastia Ignigena Johnbell Munizia Punapithecus †Interatheriinae Archaeophylus Argyrohyrax Boleatherium Brucemacfaddenia Caenophilus Choichephilum Cochilius Eopachyrucos Federicoanaya Interatherium Juchuysillu Miocochilius Neoicochilus Patriarchus Proargyrohyrax Progaleopithecus Protypotherium Santiagorothia †Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium Eotypotherium Eutypotherium Hypsitherium Mesotherium Microtypotherium Plesiotypotherium Pseudotypotherium Rusconitherium Typotheriopsis †Archaeohyracidae Archaeohyrax Archaeotypotherium Bryanpattersonia Eohyrax Pascualhyrax Protarchaeohyrax Pseudhyrax Punahyrax †Hegetotheriidae †Hegetotheriinae Ethegotherium Hegetotheriopsis Hegetotherium Hemihegetotherium Prohegetotherium Pseudohegetotherium Sallatherium †Pachyrukhinae Medistylus Propachyrucos Prosotherium Tremacyllus †Pachyrukhini Pachyrukhos Paedotherium Tremacyllus

• Notoungulates
• Mammal suborders
• Paleogene mammals of South America
• Fossil taxa described in 1934
• Taxa named by George Gaylord Simpson
• Paraphyletic groups