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2MASS J04070752+1546457

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Brown dwarf in the constellation Taurus
2MASS J04070752+1546457
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 04 07 07.527
Declination +15° 46′ 45.540″
Characteristics
Spectral type L3.5
Apparent magnitude (G) 20.704 ± 0.014
Apparent magnitude (J) 15.478 ± 0.058
Apparent magnitude (H) 14.354 ± 0.057
Apparent magnitude (K) 13.559 ± 0.038
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)43.4 ± 2.1 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 61.250 ± 3.490 mas/yr
Dec.: –53.130 ± 2.712 mas/yr
Parallax (π)27.4408 ± 1.7735 mas
Distance119 ± 8 ly
(36 ± 2 pc)
Details
Mass0.064+0.009
−0.027 M☉
Radius0.100+0.024
−0.008 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)5.2 ± 0.4 cgs
Temperature1840 ± 210 K
Rotation1.23±0.01 h
Rotational velocity (v sin i)82.6 ± 0.2 km/s
Age0.8+11.2
−0.65 Gyr
Other designations
SDSS J040707.56+154645.2, EPIC 210522262, TIC 348661774
Database references
SIMBADdata

2MASS J04070752+1546457 (abbreviated to 2MASS J0407+1546) is a rapidly-rotating brown dwarf of spectral class L3.5, located in the constellation Taurus about 119 light-years from Earth. With a photometrically measured rotation period of 1.23 hours, it is one of the fastest-rotating known brown dwarfs announced by a team of astronomers led by Megan E. Tannock in March 2021. With a rotational velocity of over 80 km/s (50 mi/s), it is approaching the predicted rotational speed limit beyond which it would break apart due to centripetal forces. As a consequence of its rapid rotation, the brown dwarf is slightly flattened at its poles to a similar degree as Saturn, the most oblate planet in the Solar System. Its rapid rotation may enable strong auroral radio emissions via particle interactions in its magnetic field, as observed in other known rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs.

Discovery

2MASS J0407+1546 was first catalogued as a point source in June 2003 by the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) organized by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center under the California Institute of Technology. It was discovered to be a brown dwarf of the spectral class L3.5 by I. Neill Reid and collaborators, based on near-infrared spectra obtained in October 2005 with the Gemini North at the Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii. Their discovery and spectroscopic characterization of 430 ultracool dwarfs including 2MASS J0407+1546 was published in The Astronomical Journal in September 2008.

Distance

The trigonometric parallax of 2MASS 1114−2618 was measured to be 27.4408±1.7735 milliarcseconds by the Gaia spacecraft in 2018, corresponding to a distance of 36.4 ± 2.4 parsecs (118.7 ± 7.8 ly). This is in close agreement with Reid et al.'s spectrophotometric estimate of 33.1 ± 3.3 parsecs (108 ± 11 ly) in 2008, calculated from the object's spectral type and near-infrared absolute magnitude.

Proper motion

From Gaia DR2, 2MASS J0407+1546 has a measured net proper motion of 81.0 mas/yr with position angle 139.06 degrees, indicating motion in south-east direction on the sky.

See also

Notes

  1. The net proper motion is given by: μ = μ δ 2 + μ α 2 ⋅ cos 2 ⁡ δ ≈ 81.0 {\displaystyle \mu ={\sqrt {{\mu _{\delta }}^{2}+{\mu _{\alpha }}^{2}\cdot \cos ^{2}\delta }}\approx 81.0}  mas/yr, where μ α {\displaystyle \mu _{\alpha }} and μ δ {\displaystyle \mu _{\delta }} are the components of proper motion in the RA and Dec, respectively.
  2. The position angle of proper motion is given by tan − 1 ⁡ ( μ δ μ α ) {\displaystyle \tan ^{-1}\left({\frac {\mu _{\delta }}{\mu _{\alpha }}}\right)}

References

  1. ^ "2MASS J04070752+1546457 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  2. ^ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; et al. (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
  3. Cofield, Calla (7 April 2021). "Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  4. Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
  5. ^ Reid, I. Neill; Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Allen, Peter R.; Mungall, F.; Liebert, James; Lowrance, Patrick; Sweet, Anne (September 2008). "Meeting the Cool Neighbors. X. Ultracool Dwarfs from the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (3): 1290–1311. arXiv:0806.3413. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1290R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1290. S2CID 123222597.

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