 2MASS J04414489+2301513 is a brown dwarf with a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Taurus |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M J044144 B) | |
| Right ascension | 04 41 44.898 |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 51.39″ |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M J044145 A) | |
| Right ascension | 04 41 45.652 |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 58.07″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.20 |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | M4.5/M8.5 |
| Variable type | T Tau |
| Astrometry | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M 044144) | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 7.918 mas/yr Dec.: -20.152 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.1822 ± 0.3044 mas |
| Distance | 400 ± 10 ly (122 ± 5 pc) |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M 044145) | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 7.914 mas/yr Dec.: -22.086 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.0887 ± 0.0713 mas |
| Distance | 403 ± 4 ly (124 ± 1 pc) |
| Details | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (2M 044144) | |
| Mass | 19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8 MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.00347 / 0.00093 L☉ |
| Temperature | 2100 / 1800 K |
| Age | 1-3 Myr |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 (2M 044145) | |
| Mass | 0.191+0.095 −0.048 M☉ / 35 ± 5 MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.14 / 0.00741 L☉ |
| Temperature | 3400 / 2800 K |
| Age | 1-3 Myr |
| Other designations | |
| WDS J04417+2302AB | |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768 | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | 2M J044144 |
| 2M J044145 | |
2MASS J0441+2301 (abbreviated as 2M 0441+23) is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.
The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab (abbreviated as 2M J044144) primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aab (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system. The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other. The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2. Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines. The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known.
Planetary system
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The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years. It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object. This companion also fails the mass ratio criterion of the IAU definition of an exoplanet; the mass ratio with the primary is closer than 1/25.
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (years) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 9.8±1.8 MJ | 15±0.6 | 411 | — | — | 3.05 RJ |
See also
References
- ^ Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
- Zacharias, N. (2012). "The fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog. 1322. Bibcode:2012yCat.1322....0Z.
- ^ Bowler, Brendan P.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015). "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 2M0441+2301 AabBab: A Quadruple System Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Mass Regimes". The Astrophysical Journal. 811 (2): L30. arXiv:1509.01658. Bibcode:2015ApJ...811L..30B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L30. S2CID 22608263.
- ^ Todorov, K.; Luhman, K. L.; McLeod, K. K. (2010). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf in Taurus". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): L84–L88. arXiv:1004.0539. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714L..84T. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L84. S2CID 119242529.
- Furlan, E.; Luhman, K. L.; Espaillat, C.; D'Alessio, P.; Adame, L.; Manoj, P.; Kim, K. H.; Watson, Dan M.; Forrest, W. J.; McClure, M. K.; Calvet, N.; Sargent, B. A.; Green, J. D.; Fischer, W. J. (2011-07-01). "THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SURVEY OF T TAURI STARS IN TAURUS". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 195 (1): 3. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/195/1/3. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Todorov, K. O.; Luhman, K. L.; Konopacky, Q. M.; McLeod, K. K.; Apai, D.; Ghez, A. M.; Pascucci, I.; Robberto, M. (2014). "A Search for Companions to Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Chamaeleon Star-Forming Regions". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 40. arXiv:1404.0213. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...40T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/40. S2CID 16636388.
- "Hubble spots giant planet orbiting tiny star". USA Today. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2013-02-24.
- Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (June 2022). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. IAU website link
- Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star 2M J044144". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
